Based on the target scatterer density, the range-spread target detection of high-resolution radar is addressed in additive non-Gaussian clutter, which is modeled as a spherically invariant random vector. Firstly, for ...Based on the target scatterer density, the range-spread target detection of high-resolution radar is addressed in additive non-Gaussian clutter, which is modeled as a spherically invariant random vector. Firstly, for sparse scatterer density, the detection of target scatterer in each range cell is derived, and then an M/K detector is proposed to detect the whole range-spread target. Se- condly, an integrating detector is devised to detect a range-spread target with dense scatterer density. Finally, to make the best of the advantages of M/K detector and integrating detector, a robust detector based on scatterer density （DBSD） is designed, which can reduce the probable collapsing loss or quantization error ef- fectively. Moreover, the density decision factor of DBSD is also determined. The formula of the false alarm probability is derived for DBSD. It is proved that the DBSD ensures a constant false alarm rate property. Furthermore, the computational results indi- cate that the DBSD is robust to different clutter one-lag correlations and target scatterer densities. It is also shown that the DBSD out- performs the existing scatterer-density-dependent detector.展开更多
Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D...Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.展开更多
Land surface temperature(LST)is the key variable in land-atmosphere interaction,having an important impact on weather and climate forecasting.However,achieving consistent analysis of LST and the atmosphere in assimila...Land surface temperature(LST)is the key variable in land-atmosphere interaction,having an important impact on weather and climate forecasting.However,achieving consistent analysis of LST and the atmosphere in assimilation is quite challenging.This is because there is limited knowledge about the cross-component background error covariance(BEC)between LST and atmospheric state variables.This study aims to clarify whether there is a relationship between the error of LST and atmospheric variables,and whether this relationship varies spatially and temporally.To this end,the BEC coupled with atmospheric variables and LST was constructed(LST-BEC),and its characteristics were analyzed based on the 2023 mei-yu season.The general characteristics of LST-BEC show that the LST is mainly correlated with the atmospheric temperature and the correlation decreases gradually with a rise in atmospheric height,and the error standard deviation of the LST is noticeably larger than that of the low-level atmospheric temperature.The spatiotemporal characteristics of LST-BEC on the heavy-rain day and light-rain day show that the error correlation and error standard deviation of LST and low-level atmospheric temperature and humidity are closely related to the weather background,and also have obvious diurnal variations.These results provide valuable information for strongly coupled land-atmosphere assimilation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of ...BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.展开更多
The Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)payload,a component of China’s Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory satellite,is designed to observe solar X-ray emissions in the 30-200 keV range,with the aim of investigating nonthermal ...The Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)payload,a component of China’s Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory satellite,is designed to observe solar X-ray emissions in the 30-200 keV range,with the aim of investigating nonthermal physical processes during solar flares.Before launch,Geant4 simulations were employed to assess the onorbit background of the HXI instrument,evaluating its performance and potential to achieve its scientific objectives.This study addresses issues identified in previous simulations and conducts further analyses to examine the distribution of background counts across the 99 detectors.The results demonstrate alignment between simulations and observations at low and medium geomagnetic latitudes;however,challenges persist at high geomagnetic latitudes due to limitations in the current albedo photon model.This investigation provides insights into background sources from various particles,enhances understanding of space background characteristics,and offers guidance for background subtraction in imaging processes.展开更多
This research considers the tracking problem of a moving target in distributed sensor networks with a limited sensing range(LSR)affected by non-Gaussian noise.In such sensor networks,observation loss due to LSR is a p...This research considers the tracking problem of a moving target in distributed sensor networks with a limited sensing range(LSR)affected by non-Gaussian noise.In such sensor networks,observation loss due to LSR is a prevalent issue that has received insufficient attention.We introduce a time-varying random variable to describe whether the sensor observes a moving target at each moment.When a single sensor node is unable to receive information from other nodes,it cannot update its state estimation of the moving target once the target moves beyond this node’s observation range.We propose an information flow topology within distributed sensor networks to facilitate the reception of prior state estimation data transmitted by neighboring nodes.Based on this information,a quadratic distributed estimator is designed for each sensor,and an output injection term is introduced to handle unstable systems.Finally,a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.展开更多
In this paper,we propose a new non-Gaussian quantum state,termed the photon-modulated displaced thermal state(DTS).Using the operator ordering method,we obtain the normal ordering product of its density operator and t...In this paper,we propose a new non-Gaussian quantum state,termed the photon-modulated displaced thermal state(DTS).Using the operator ordering method,we obtain the normal ordering product of its density operator and then investigate its normalization,the negativity of its Wigner function and its non-Gaussianity.展开更多
This article proposes an adaptive extended Kalman filter(EKF)for nonlinear cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises.It is known that the traditional extended Kalman filter is applicable...This article proposes an adaptive extended Kalman filter(EKF)for nonlinear cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises.It is known that the traditional extended Kalman filter is applicable to nonlinear systems with Gaussian white noise.The system is reformulated with intermediate variables to expand the application of nonlinear systems under unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises,which help decompose unknown input estimation into residual tracking and state observation subproblems.By introducing the orthogonal principle of innovation and attenuation factor,the intermediate variables-based filter can improve the estimation performance under non-Gaussian noises and unknown inputs.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,...The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,this paper develops a three-dimensional discretized dynamic radiation transfer model based on the blade shape of the turbine.The relationship between the radiation angle coefficient of the surrounding blades and the rotation angle of the blade under test is analyzed.The radiation angle coefficient is calculated using the triangular element method,and temperature inversion is performed based on the effective emissivity to compute the measurement error.The results show that under dynamic high temperature conditions,the temperature measurement error caused by reflection at the selected 60%leaf height point varies with the rotation angle,and the maximum reaches 25.58K.The angular coefficient exhibits periodic fluctuations with changes in rotation angle,and the maximum effective emissivity increases as the rotation angle increases.As the blade height increases,the impact of reflected radiation on radiometric temperature measurement errors shows a decreasing trend.This study provides a reference for radiation thermometry in dynamic high-temperature environments.展开更多
The precise determination of cross sections for key nuclear reactions within the Gamow window is crucial for advancing the study of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis.However,extremely low reaction yields combined ...The precise determination of cross sections for key nuclear reactions within the Gamow window is crucial for advancing the study of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis.However,extremely low reaction yields combined with the cosmic-ray-induced background make these measurements highly challenging,particularly for capture reactions.This work demonstrates the second configuration of the large-scale modular BGO detection array(LAMBDA-Ⅱ)designed to capture reaction measurements and introduces a method for suppressingγ-ray detection background in ground laboratories.By employing active and passive shielding,the background of LAMBDA-Ⅱwas significantly reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude,reaching 8.1×10^(-3)and 1.0×10^(-3)keV^(-1)h^(-1)in the 6-11 and 11-20 MeV energy ranges,respectively.When combined with a mA-scale intensity beam,this reduced background enables the investigation of several capture reactions of astrophysical interest in ground laboratories.展开更多
The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model th...The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.展开更多
Meng Yao Zheng Dian is one of the three classics of Mongolian medicine.It was written by Zhanbra Dorje,who was a famous Mongolian physician.The book was not only related to the author's origin,education and learni...Meng Yao Zheng Dian is one of the three classics of Mongolian medicine.It was written by Zhanbra Dorje,who was a famous Mongolian physician.The book was not only related to the author's origin,education and learning experience,but also closely related to the social development,cultural exchanges between Mongolian and Tibetan,and people's demand for Mongolian medicine at that time.The book in four languages indicates the name of Mongolian medicinal herbs,Mongolian of China,Tibetan of China,Chinese,Manchu medicine academic and cultural exchanges played a positive role in promoting the cultural exchanges,is a vivid embodiment of the cultural exchanges between Chinese nationalities and exchanges and mingling.展开更多
The Aleutian Low(AL)is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season.The background stationary wave,air-sea interaction,and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert dist...The Aleutian Low(AL)is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season.The background stationary wave,air-sea interaction,and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert distinct impacts on the interannual variations of the AL intensity and position.In this study,we adopt the quasi-geostrophic geopotential tendency equation to investigate the roles of various physical processes in the maintenance and interannual variations of this system.The results show that absolute vorticity advection plays the most important role in the formation and maintenance of AL intensity,while high-frequency transient eddies contribute most to the meridional and zonal shifts of the AL.The high-frequency transient eddy vorticity forcing affects the AL through the barotropic energy conversion process,and,in turn,the AL enhances the high-frequency transient eddies through the baroclinic energy conversion process,forming a positive feedback.The associated high-frequency eddy kinetic energy anomalies exhibit an eastward movement toward the east coast of North America in the years of an intensified AL,which explains why a strengthened AL is often accompanied by an eastward movement.Furthermore,the energy conversion terms of high-frequency transient eddies are mostly located over the extratropical eastern North Pacific,leading to asymmetric features in the zonal movement of the AL.展开更多
Generally speaking,the precursors of ozone(O_(3)),nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds are very low in desert areas due to the lack of anthropogenic emissions and natural emissions,and thus O_(3)concentratio...Generally speaking,the precursors of ozone(O_(3)),nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds are very low in desert areas due to the lack of anthropogenic emissions and natural emissions,and thus O_(3)concentrations are relatively low.However,high summer background concentrations of about 100μg/m^(3)or 60 ppb were found in the Alxa Desert in the highland of northwest China based on continuous summer observations from 2019 to 2021,which was higher than the most of natural background areas or clean areas in world for summer O_(3)background concentrations.The high O_(3)background concentrations were related to surface features and altitude.Heavy-intensity anthropogenic activity areas in desert areas can cause increased O_(3)concentrations or pollution,but also generated O_(3)depleting substances such as nitrous oxide,which eventually reduced the regional O_(3)baseline values.Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)also had a dual effect on O_(3)generation,showing promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations.In addition,sand-dust weather reduced O_(3)clearly,but O_(3)eventually stabilized around the background concentration values and did not vary with sand-dust particulate matter.展开更多
In this paper,the nonlinearization of the Lax pair and the Darboux transformation method are used to construct the rogue wave on the elliptic function background in the reduced Maxwell–Bloch system,which is described...In this paper,the nonlinearization of the Lax pair and the Darboux transformation method are used to construct the rogue wave on the elliptic function background in the reduced Maxwell–Bloch system,which is described by four component nonlinear evolution equations(NLEEs).On the background of the Jacobian elliptic function,we obtain the admissible eigenvalues and the corresponding non-periodic eigenfunctions of the model spectrum problem.Then,with the help of the one-fold Darboux transformation and two-fold Darboux transformation,rogue waves on a dn-periodic background and cn-periodic background are derived,respectively.Finally,the corresponding complex dynamical properties and evolutions of the four components are illustrated graphically by choosing suitable parameters.展开更多
The gravitational wave background(GWB) produced by extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMRIs) serves as a powerful tool for probing the astrophysical and dynamical processes in galactic centers. EMRI systems are a primary ta...The gravitational wave background(GWB) produced by extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMRIs) serves as a powerful tool for probing the astrophysical and dynamical processes in galactic centers. EMRI systems are a primary target for the space-based detector laser interferometer space antenna due to their long-lived signals and high signal-to-noise ratios. This study explores the statistical properties of the GWB from EMRI, focusing on the calculation methods for the GWB, the astrophysical distribution of EMRI sources, and the influence of key parameters, including the spin of supermassive black holes(SMBHs) and the masses of compact objects(COs). By analyzing these factors, we determine the distribution range of the characteristic strain of the GWB from EMRIs. We find that the final eccentricity distributions appear to have negligible effect on the intensity of the GWB due to rapid circularization before they become detectable and the spin of the SMBH enhances the gravitational wave characteristic strain by approximately 1% compared to cases without spin effects. The masses of COs can also significantly affect the characteristic strain of the GWB from EMRIs, with black hole as CO producing a gravitational wave signal intensity that is approximately one order of magnitude higher compared to cases where neutron star or white dwarf are the COs.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed at introducing the background and utilization of germplasm resources in maize.[Method] The research progress on genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources was compre...[Objective] The research aimed at introducing the background and utilization of germplasm resources in maize.[Method] The research progress on genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources was comprehensively reviewed in this paper,including maize heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,their flexible application in breeding and the utilization of various types of original materials.[Result] The results show that germplasm resource is the premise and basis for maize breeding.In-depth understanding and a reasonable selection of germplasm resources can significantly improve the breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding process.At the same time,it is considered that the selection and construction of original materials in maize breeding can not be limited to the heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,but has to be used reasonablely according to different types of germplasm resources and individual breeding objective and idea as well.[Conclusion] This study had broadened the idea and provided inspiration for the maize breeding practice in China.展开更多
The complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences from 10 stud Brahman cattle were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Brahman cattle was rich ; the rate of nucleotide variation, hap...The complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences from 10 stud Brahman cattle were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Brahman cattle was rich ; the rate of nucleotide variation, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 6.25%, 0.978± 0.054 and 0.014 30± 0.008 68, respectively. Nine haplotypes were defined and fell into two distinct lineages, suggesting that Brahman cattle have both Bos indicus （Zebu） and B. taurus genetic background. The taurine haplotypes were predominant at 90% and only Brah-6 belonged to the Asian zebu mthaplotype. This indicates that Brahman cattle was one of the zebu breeds and inherited the excellent characteristics of both the Asian zebu and European beef cattle, such as easy calf delivery, high quality beef, heat tolerance and resistance to various parasites. Breeders introduced Brahman cattle to improve the productivity and adaptability of native cattle. The Zebu has evidently frequently introgressed into the modem taurine breeds. As for modem zebu breeds, B. taurus also highly contributed to their formation, except for the Asian zebu. Furthermore our results also confirm the hypothesis that B. indicus has undergone a separate domestication event and originated from the Indian subcontinent.展开更多
A new multi-target filtering algorithm, termed as the Gaussian sum probability hypothesis density （GSPHD） filter, is proposed for nonlinear non-Gaussian tracking models. Provided that the initial prior intensity of ...A new multi-target filtering algorithm, termed as the Gaussian sum probability hypothesis density （GSPHD） filter, is proposed for nonlinear non-Gaussian tracking models. Provided that the initial prior intensity of the states is Gaussian or can be identified as a Gaussian sum, the analytical results of the algorithm show that the posterior intensity at any subsequent time step remains a Gaussian sum under the assumption that the state noise, the measurement noise, target spawn intensity, new target birth intensity, target survival probability, and detection probability are all Gaussian sums. The analysis also shows that the existing Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density （GMPHD） filter, which is unsuitable for handling the non-Gaussian noise cases, is no more than a special case of the proposed algorithm, which fills the shortage of incapability of treating non-Gaussian noise. The multi-target tracking simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed GSPHD.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61102166)the Scientific Research Foundation of Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University for Young Scholars (HY2012)
文摘Based on the target scatterer density, the range-spread target detection of high-resolution radar is addressed in additive non-Gaussian clutter, which is modeled as a spherically invariant random vector. Firstly, for sparse scatterer density, the detection of target scatterer in each range cell is derived, and then an M/K detector is proposed to detect the whole range-spread target. Se- condly, an integrating detector is devised to detect a range-spread target with dense scatterer density. Finally, to make the best of the advantages of M/K detector and integrating detector, a robust detector based on scatterer density （DBSD） is designed, which can reduce the probable collapsing loss or quantization error ef- fectively. Moreover, the density decision factor of DBSD is also determined. The formula of the false alarm probability is derived for DBSD. It is proved that the DBSD ensures a constant false alarm rate property. Furthermore, the computational results indi- cate that the DBSD is robust to different clutter one-lag correlations and target scatterer densities. It is also shown that the DBSD out- performs the existing scatterer-density-dependent detector.
文摘Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U2442218]。
文摘Land surface temperature(LST)is the key variable in land-atmosphere interaction,having an important impact on weather and climate forecasting.However,achieving consistent analysis of LST and the atmosphere in assimilation is quite challenging.This is because there is limited knowledge about the cross-component background error covariance(BEC)between LST and atmospheric state variables.This study aims to clarify whether there is a relationship between the error of LST and atmospheric variables,and whether this relationship varies spatially and temporally.To this end,the BEC coupled with atmospheric variables and LST was constructed(LST-BEC),and its characteristics were analyzed based on the 2023 mei-yu season.The general characteristics of LST-BEC show that the LST is mainly correlated with the atmospheric temperature and the correlation decreases gradually with a rise in atmospheric height,and the error standard deviation of the LST is noticeably larger than that of the low-level atmospheric temperature.The spatiotemporal characteristics of LST-BEC on the heavy-rain day and light-rain day show that the error correlation and error standard deviation of LST and low-level atmospheric temperature and humidity are closely related to the weather background,and also have obvious diurnal variations.These results provide valuable information for strongly coupled land-atmosphere assimilation.
文摘BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.12173100,11973097 and 12022302)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Nos.2021317 and Y2021087)+1 种基金the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the CAS(No.20200077)the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA 15320104).
文摘The Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)payload,a component of China’s Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory satellite,is designed to observe solar X-ray emissions in the 30-200 keV range,with the aim of investigating nonthermal physical processes during solar flares.Before launch,Geant4 simulations were employed to assess the onorbit background of the HXI instrument,evaluating its performance and potential to achieve its scientific objectives.This study addresses issues identified in previous simulations and conducts further analyses to examine the distribution of background counts across the 99 detectors.The results demonstrate alignment between simulations and observations at low and medium geomagnetic latitudes;however,challenges persist at high geomagnetic latitudes due to limitations in the current albedo photon model.This investigation provides insights into background sources from various particles,enhances understanding of space background characteristics,and offers guidance for background subtraction in imaging processes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61803081)。
文摘This research considers the tracking problem of a moving target in distributed sensor networks with a limited sensing range(LSR)affected by non-Gaussian noise.In such sensor networks,observation loss due to LSR is a prevalent issue that has received insufficient attention.We introduce a time-varying random variable to describe whether the sensor observes a moving target at each moment.When a single sensor node is unable to receive information from other nodes,it cannot update its state estimation of the moving target once the target moves beyond this node’s observation range.We propose an information flow topology within distributed sensor networks to facilitate the reception of prior state estimation data transmitted by neighboring nodes.Based on this information,a quadratic distributed estimator is designed for each sensor,and an output injection term is introduced to handle unstable systems.Finally,a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
基金supported by the Collaborative Innovation Project of University,Anhui Province(Grant No.GXXT-2022-088)。
文摘In this paper,we propose a new non-Gaussian quantum state,termed the photon-modulated displaced thermal state(DTS).Using the operator ordering method,we obtain the normal ordering product of its density operator and then investigate its normalization,the negativity of its Wigner function and its non-Gaussianity.
基金Supported by the Foreign Experts Project of the Belt and Road Innovative Talent Exchange(No.DL2023016005L).
文摘This article proposes an adaptive extended Kalman filter(EKF)for nonlinear cyber-physical systems(CPSs)under unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises.It is known that the traditional extended Kalman filter is applicable to nonlinear systems with Gaussian white noise.The system is reformulated with intermediate variables to expand the application of nonlinear systems under unknown inputs and non-Gaussian noises,which help decompose unknown input estimation into residual tracking and state observation subproblems.By introducing the orthogonal principle of innovation and attenuation factor,the intermediate variables-based filter can improve the estimation performance under non-Gaussian noises and unknown inputs.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
文摘The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,this paper develops a three-dimensional discretized dynamic radiation transfer model based on the blade shape of the turbine.The relationship between the radiation angle coefficient of the surrounding blades and the rotation angle of the blade under test is analyzed.The radiation angle coefficient is calculated using the triangular element method,and temperature inversion is performed based on the effective emissivity to compute the measurement error.The results show that under dynamic high temperature conditions,the temperature measurement error caused by reflection at the selected 60%leaf height point varies with the rotation angle,and the maximum reaches 25.58K.The angular coefficient exhibits periodic fluctuations with changes in rotation angle,and the maximum effective emissivity increases as the rotation angle increases.As the blade height increases,the impact of reflected radiation on radiometric temperature measurement errors shows a decreasing trend.This study provides a reference for radiation thermometry in dynamic high-temperature environments.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1602301,2022YFA1603300,and 2023YFA1606701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1867211,12275026,and 12222514)the CAS Light of West China Program grant No.2020-82。
文摘The precise determination of cross sections for key nuclear reactions within the Gamow window is crucial for advancing the study of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis.However,extremely low reaction yields combined with the cosmic-ray-induced background make these measurements highly challenging,particularly for capture reactions.This work demonstrates the second configuration of the large-scale modular BGO detection array(LAMBDA-Ⅱ)designed to capture reaction measurements and introduces a method for suppressingγ-ray detection background in ground laboratories.By employing active and passive shielding,the background of LAMBDA-Ⅱwas significantly reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude,reaching 8.1×10^(-3)and 1.0×10^(-3)keV^(-1)h^(-1)in the 6-11 and 11-20 MeV energy ranges,respectively.When combined with a mA-scale intensity beam,this reduced background enables the investigation of several capture reactions of astrophysical interest in ground laboratories.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs of China(2024YFF1000100 and 2021YFD1301102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172702)+3 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding (XQSWYZQZ-KFYX-4)Zaozhuang Elite Industrial Innovation ProgramAgricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAS-TS-6)supported by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) Collaborative Research Grant (DBI-1458515)
文摘The quantitative trait loci(QTL)-by-environment(Q × E) interaction effect is hard to detect because there are no effective ways to control the genomic background. In this study, we propose a linear mixed model that simultaneously analyzes data from multiple environments to detect Q × E interactions. This model incorporates two different kinship matrices derived from the genome-wide markers to control both main and interaction polygenic background effects. Simulation studies demonstrate that our approach is more powerful than the meta-analysis and inclusive composite interval mapping methods. We further analyze four agronomic traits of rice across four environments. A main effect QTL is identified for 1000-grain weight(KGW), while no QTL are found for tiller number. Additionally, a large QTL with a significant Q × E interaction is detected on chromosome 7 affecting grain number, yield, and KGW. This region harbors two important genes, PROG1 and Ghd7. Furthermore, we apply our mixed model to analyze lodging in barley across six environments. The six regions exhibiting Q × E interaction effects identified by our approach overlap with the SNPs previously identified using EM and MCMC-based Bayesian methods, further validating the robustness of our approach. Both simulation studies and empirical data analyses show that our method outperforms all other methods compared.
基金General project of the National Social Science Foundation,“Research on the History of Exchanges between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine from the Perspective of Strengthening the Consciousness of the Chinese Nation's Community”(Project No.:21BMZ078)。
文摘Meng Yao Zheng Dian is one of the three classics of Mongolian medicine.It was written by Zhanbra Dorje,who was a famous Mongolian physician.The book was not only related to the author's origin,education and learning experience,but also closely related to the social development,cultural exchanges between Mongolian and Tibetan,and people's demand for Mongolian medicine at that time.The book in four languages indicates the name of Mongolian medicinal herbs,Mongolian of China,Tibetan of China,Chinese,Manchu medicine academic and cultural exchanges played a positive role in promoting the cultural exchanges,is a vivid embodiment of the cultural exchanges between Chinese nationalities and exchanges and mingling.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42088101 and 42175023)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.316323005)the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies(Grant No.2020B1212060025)。
文摘The Aleutian Low(AL)is a dominant feature of the mean circulation in the North Pacific during the winter season.The background stationary wave,air-sea interaction,and transient eddies over the North Pacific exert distinct impacts on the interannual variations of the AL intensity and position.In this study,we adopt the quasi-geostrophic geopotential tendency equation to investigate the roles of various physical processes in the maintenance and interannual variations of this system.The results show that absolute vorticity advection plays the most important role in the formation and maintenance of AL intensity,while high-frequency transient eddies contribute most to the meridional and zonal shifts of the AL.The high-frequency transient eddy vorticity forcing affects the AL through the barotropic energy conversion process,and,in turn,the AL enhances the high-frequency transient eddies through the baroclinic energy conversion process,forming a positive feedback.The associated high-frequency eddy kinetic energy anomalies exhibit an eastward movement toward the east coast of North America in the years of an intensified AL,which explains why a strengthened AL is often accompanied by an eastward movement.Furthermore,the energy conversion terms of high-frequency transient eddies are mostly located over the extratropical eastern North Pacific,leading to asymmetric features in the zonal movement of the AL.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFF0802501)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program(Nos.2021GG0100 and 2022YFHH0116).
文摘Generally speaking,the precursors of ozone(O_(3)),nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds are very low in desert areas due to the lack of anthropogenic emissions and natural emissions,and thus O_(3)concentrations are relatively low.However,high summer background concentrations of about 100μg/m^(3)or 60 ppb were found in the Alxa Desert in the highland of northwest China based on continuous summer observations from 2019 to 2021,which was higher than the most of natural background areas or clean areas in world for summer O_(3)background concentrations.The high O_(3)background concentrations were related to surface features and altitude.Heavy-intensity anthropogenic activity areas in desert areas can cause increased O_(3)concentrations or pollution,but also generated O_(3)depleting substances such as nitrous oxide,which eventually reduced the regional O_(3)baseline values.Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)also had a dual effect on O_(3)generation,showing promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations.In addition,sand-dust weather reduced O_(3)clearly,but O_(3)eventually stabilized around the background concentration values and did not vary with sand-dust particulate matter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12361052)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NMGIRT2414)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Inner Mongolia Normal University,China(Grant Nos.2022JBTD007,2022JBXC013)Graduate Students'Research and Innovation Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.B20231053Z)the Key Laboratory of Infinite-Dimensional Hamiltonian System and Its Algorithm Application(Inner Mongolia Normal University),the Ministry of Education(Grant Nos.2023KFZR01,2023KFZR02)the First-Class Disciplines Project,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.YLXKZX-NSD-001)。
文摘In this paper,the nonlinearization of the Lax pair and the Darboux transformation method are used to construct the rogue wave on the elliptic function background in the reduced Maxwell–Bloch system,which is described by four component nonlinear evolution equations(NLEEs).On the background of the Jacobian elliptic function,we obtain the admissible eigenvalues and the corresponding non-periodic eigenfunctions of the model spectrum problem.Then,with the help of the one-fold Darboux transformation and two-fold Darboux transformation,rogue waves on a dn-periodic background and cn-periodic background are derived,respectively.Finally,the corresponding complex dynamical properties and evolutions of the four components are illustrated graphically by choosing suitable parameters.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC2201400)。
文摘The gravitational wave background(GWB) produced by extreme-mass-ratio inspirals(EMRIs) serves as a powerful tool for probing the astrophysical and dynamical processes in galactic centers. EMRI systems are a primary target for the space-based detector laser interferometer space antenna due to their long-lived signals and high signal-to-noise ratios. This study explores the statistical properties of the GWB from EMRI, focusing on the calculation methods for the GWB, the astrophysical distribution of EMRI sources, and the influence of key parameters, including the spin of supermassive black holes(SMBHs) and the masses of compact objects(COs). By analyzing these factors, we determine the distribution range of the characteristic strain of the GWB from EMRIs. We find that the final eccentricity distributions appear to have negligible effect on the intensity of the GWB due to rapid circularization before they become detectable and the spin of the SMBH enhances the gravitational wave characteristic strain by approximately 1% compared to cases without spin effects. The masses of COs can also significantly affect the characteristic strain of the GWB from EMRIs, with black hole as CO producing a gravitational wave signal intensity that is approximately one order of magnitude higher compared to cases where neutron star or white dwarf are the COs.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2007BAD69B05)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed at introducing the background and utilization of germplasm resources in maize.[Method] The research progress on genetic background and utilization of maize germplasm resources was comprehensively reviewed in this paper,including maize heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,their flexible application in breeding and the utilization of various types of original materials.[Result] The results show that germplasm resource is the premise and basis for maize breeding.In-depth understanding and a reasonable selection of germplasm resources can significantly improve the breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding process.At the same time,it is considered that the selection and construction of original materials in maize breeding can not be limited to the heterotic groups and heterotic patterns,but has to be used reasonablely according to different types of germplasm resources and individual breeding objective and idea as well.[Conclusion] This study had broadened the idea and provided inspiration for the maize breeding practice in China.
文摘The complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences from 10 stud Brahman cattle were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity of Brahman cattle was rich ; the rate of nucleotide variation, haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 6.25%, 0.978± 0.054 and 0.014 30± 0.008 68, respectively. Nine haplotypes were defined and fell into two distinct lineages, suggesting that Brahman cattle have both Bos indicus （Zebu） and B. taurus genetic background. The taurine haplotypes were predominant at 90% and only Brah-6 belonged to the Asian zebu mthaplotype. This indicates that Brahman cattle was one of the zebu breeds and inherited the excellent characteristics of both the Asian zebu and European beef cattle, such as easy calf delivery, high quality beef, heat tolerance and resistance to various parasites. Breeders introduced Brahman cattle to improve the productivity and adaptability of native cattle. The Zebu has evidently frequently introgressed into the modem taurine breeds. As for modem zebu breeds, B. taurus also highly contributed to their formation, except for the Asian zebu. Furthermore our results also confirm the hypothesis that B. indicus has undergone a separate domestication event and originated from the Indian subcontinent.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60572023)
文摘A new multi-target filtering algorithm, termed as the Gaussian sum probability hypothesis density （GSPHD） filter, is proposed for nonlinear non-Gaussian tracking models. Provided that the initial prior intensity of the states is Gaussian or can be identified as a Gaussian sum, the analytical results of the algorithm show that the posterior intensity at any subsequent time step remains a Gaussian sum under the assumption that the state noise, the measurement noise, target spawn intensity, new target birth intensity, target survival probability, and detection probability are all Gaussian sums. The analysis also shows that the existing Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density （GMPHD） filter, which is unsuitable for handling the non-Gaussian noise cases, is no more than a special case of the proposed algorithm, which fills the shortage of incapability of treating non-Gaussian noise. The multi-target tracking simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed GSPHD.
