Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated...Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.展开更多
Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading and writing disorder with strong genetic components. In previous genetic studies about dyslexia, a number of candidate genes have been identified. These include DCDC2, which...Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading and writing disorder with strong genetic components. In previous genetic studies about dyslexia, a number of candidate genes have been identified. These include DCDC2, which has repeatedly been associated with developmental dyslexia in various European and American populations. However, data regarding this relationship are varied according to population. The Uyghur people of China represent a Eurasian population with an interesting genetic profile. Thus, this group may provide useful information about the association between DCDC2 gene polymorphisms and dyslexia. In the current study, we examined genetic data from 392 Uyghur children aged 8–12 years old from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Participants included 196 children with dyslexia and 196 grade-, age-, and gender-matched controls. DNA was isolated from oral mucosal cell samples and fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms（rs6456593, rs1419228, rs34647318, rs9467075, rs793862, rs9295619, rs807701, rs807724, rs2274305, rs7765678, rs4599626, rs6922023, rs3765502, and rs1087266） in DCDC2 were screened via the SNPscan method. We compared SNP frequencies in five models（Codominant, Dominant, Recessive, Heterozygote advantage, and Allele） between the two groups by means of the chi-squared test. A single-locus analysis indicated that, with regard to the allele frequency of these polymorphisms, three SNPs（rs807724, rs2274305, and rs4599626） were associated with dyslexia. rs9467075 and rs2274305 displayed significant associations with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model. rs6456593 and rs6922023 were significantly associated with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model and in the heterozygous genotype. Additionally, we discovered that the T-G-C-T of the four-marker haplotype（rs9295619-rs807701-rs807724-rs2274305） and the T-A of the two-marker haplotype（rs3765502-1087266） were significantly different between cases and controls. Thus, we conclude that DCDC2 gene polymorphisms are associated with developmental dyslexia in Chinese Uyghur children.展开更多
Although numerous studies have examined the neurotoxicity of acrylamide in adult animals,the effects on neuronal development in the embryonic and lactational periods are largely unknown.Thus,we examined the toxicity o...Although numerous studies have examined the neurotoxicity of acrylamide in adult animals,the effects on neuronal development in the embryonic and lactational periods are largely unknown.Thus,we examined the toxicity of acrylamide on neuronal development in the hippocampus of fetal rats during pregnancy.Sprague-Dawley rats were mated with male rats at a 1：1 ratio.Rats were administered 0,5,10 or 20 mg/kg acrylamide intragastrically from embryonic days 6–21.The gait scores were examined in pregnant rats in each group to analyze maternal toxicity.Eight weaning rats from each group were also euthanized on postnatal day 21 for follow-up studies.Nissl staining was used to observe histological change in the hippocampus.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the condition of neurites,including dendrites and axons.Western blot assay was used to measure the expression levels of the specific nerve axon membrane protein,growth associated protein 43,and the presynaptic vesicle membrane specific protein,synaptophysin.The gait scores of gravid rats significantly increased,suggesting that acrylamide induced maternal motor dysfunction.The number of neurons,as well as expression of growth associated protein 43 and synaptophysin,was reduced with increasing acrylamide dose in postnatal day 21 weaning rats.These data suggest that acrylamide exerts dose-dependent toxic effects on the growth and development of hippocampal neurons of weaning rats.展开更多
Myopia is not only a serious problem in Hong Kong, but is a rising global phenomena. It is predicted that by 2050, 49.8% of the world’s population will have myopia with approximately 900 million people developing hig...Myopia is not only a serious problem in Hong Kong, but is a rising global phenomena. It is predicted that by 2050, 49.8% of the world’s population will have myopia with approximately 900 million people developing high myopia. High myopia is associated with the development of staphyloma, lacquer cracks and myopic macular degeneration, and is a leading cause of profound blindness. Understanding how high myopia develops and its relationship to myopia susceptibility is critical for the development of appropriate treatments. Animal models have provided insight into the possible underlying mechanisms, and are useful for testing potential treatment options. We have developed a mammalian model of myopia using the guinea pig in which eye growth is manipulated though classical aberrant visual input. This talk will review some of the major insights gained from such models and present new data on the anatomical and optical changes associated with the progression of myopia. This includes the effect of blur exposure on the optical development of the eye, the transition between myopia and high myopia development, and the potential impact of scleral treatments for high myopia.展开更多
Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenes...Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenesis protein(BMP)pathway.After further research,several studies have confirmed that Smurf1 is widely involved in various biological processes,such as bone homeostasis regulation,cell migration,apoptosis,and planar cell polarity.At the same time,recent studies have provided a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Smurf1’s expression,activity,and substrate selectivity.In our review,a brief summary of recent important biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is proposed.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the DFG(German Research Council)Novartis Pharma Gmb H(Nürnberg+2 种基金Germany)Baxter Innovations Gmb H(ViennaGermany)
文摘Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system（PNS）.By establishing lipid-rich myelin sheaths around large-caliber axons,they ensure that electrical signal transmission is accelerated-a process referred to as saltatory signal propagation.Apart from this prominent physiological function,these cells also exert important pathophysiological roles in PNS injuries or dis- eases. In contrast to the central nervous system （CNS）, the adult PNS retains a remarkably high degree of intrinsic re- generation. As a consequence, transected axons and dam- aged myelin sheaths can be repaired and nerve functional- ity can be restored. This spontaneous regenerative capacity depends on （inter） actions of macrophages, neurons, and Schwann cells.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81360434
文摘Developmental dyslexia is a complex reading and writing disorder with strong genetic components. In previous genetic studies about dyslexia, a number of candidate genes have been identified. These include DCDC2, which has repeatedly been associated with developmental dyslexia in various European and American populations. However, data regarding this relationship are varied according to population. The Uyghur people of China represent a Eurasian population with an interesting genetic profile. Thus, this group may provide useful information about the association between DCDC2 gene polymorphisms and dyslexia. In the current study, we examined genetic data from 392 Uyghur children aged 8–12 years old from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Participants included 196 children with dyslexia and 196 grade-, age-, and gender-matched controls. DNA was isolated from oral mucosal cell samples and fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms（rs6456593, rs1419228, rs34647318, rs9467075, rs793862, rs9295619, rs807701, rs807724, rs2274305, rs7765678, rs4599626, rs6922023, rs3765502, and rs1087266） in DCDC2 were screened via the SNPscan method. We compared SNP frequencies in five models（Codominant, Dominant, Recessive, Heterozygote advantage, and Allele） between the two groups by means of the chi-squared test. A single-locus analysis indicated that, with regard to the allele frequency of these polymorphisms, three SNPs（rs807724, rs2274305, and rs4599626） were associated with dyslexia. rs9467075 and rs2274305 displayed significant associations with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model. rs6456593 and rs6922023 were significantly associated with developmental dyslexia under the dominant model and in the heterozygous genotype. Additionally, we discovered that the T-G-C-T of the four-marker haplotype（rs9295619-rs807701-rs807724-rs2274305） and the T-A of the two-marker haplotype（rs3765502-1087266） were significantly different between cases and controls. Thus, we conclude that DCDC2 gene polymorphisms are associated with developmental dyslexia in Chinese Uyghur children.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology in China,No.2016A020225007
文摘Although numerous studies have examined the neurotoxicity of acrylamide in adult animals,the effects on neuronal development in the embryonic and lactational periods are largely unknown.Thus,we examined the toxicity of acrylamide on neuronal development in the hippocampus of fetal rats during pregnancy.Sprague-Dawley rats were mated with male rats at a 1：1 ratio.Rats were administered 0,5,10 or 20 mg/kg acrylamide intragastrically from embryonic days 6–21.The gait scores were examined in pregnant rats in each group to analyze maternal toxicity.Eight weaning rats from each group were also euthanized on postnatal day 21 for follow-up studies.Nissl staining was used to observe histological change in the hippocampus.Immunohistochemistry was conducted to observe the condition of neurites,including dendrites and axons.Western blot assay was used to measure the expression levels of the specific nerve axon membrane protein,growth associated protein 43,and the presynaptic vesicle membrane specific protein,synaptophysin.The gait scores of gravid rats significantly increased,suggesting that acrylamide induced maternal motor dysfunction.The number of neurons,as well as expression of growth associated protein 43 and synaptophysin,was reduced with increasing acrylamide dose in postnatal day 21 weaning rats.These data suggest that acrylamide exerts dose-dependent toxic effects on the growth and development of hippocampal neurons of weaning rats.
文摘Myopia is not only a serious problem in Hong Kong, but is a rising global phenomena. It is predicted that by 2050, 49.8% of the world’s population will have myopia with approximately 900 million people developing high myopia. High myopia is associated with the development of staphyloma, lacquer cracks and myopic macular degeneration, and is a leading cause of profound blindness. Understanding how high myopia develops and its relationship to myopia susceptibility is critical for the development of appropriate treatments. Animal models have provided insight into the possible underlying mechanisms, and are useful for testing potential treatment options. We have developed a mammalian model of myopia using the guinea pig in which eye growth is manipulated though classical aberrant visual input. This talk will review some of the major insights gained from such models and present new data on the anatomical and optical changes associated with the progression of myopia. This includes the effect of blur exposure on the optical development of the eye, the transition between myopia and high myopia development, and the potential impact of scleral treatments for high myopia.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB155)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701338)Part of the work was supported by Postdoctoral Creative Research Positions of Hubei Province of China(No.2021).
文摘Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor 1(Smurf1)is an important homologous member of E6-AP C-terminus type E3 ubiquitin ligase.Initially,Smurf1 was reportedly involved in the negative regulation of the bone morphogenesis protein(BMP)pathway.After further research,several studies have confirmed that Smurf1 is widely involved in various biological processes,such as bone homeostasis regulation,cell migration,apoptosis,and planar cell polarity.At the same time,recent studies have provided a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Smurf1’s expression,activity,and substrate selectivity.In our review,a brief summary of recent important biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 is proposed.
