视觉注意系统通过动态调节机制实现对目标信息的增强与对干扰信息的抑制。事件相关电位(ERP)成分中的N2pc和Pd分别被认为反映了注意选择与注意抑制的神经过程。本文系统回顾了N2pc与Pd成分的时序特征、脑区分布、功能机制及其任务依赖性...视觉注意系统通过动态调节机制实现对目标信息的增强与对干扰信息的抑制。事件相关电位(ERP)成分中的N2pc和Pd分别被认为反映了注意选择与注意抑制的神经过程。本文系统回顾了N2pc与Pd成分的时序特征、脑区分布、功能机制及其任务依赖性,梳理了其在视觉搜索、显著性驱动和工作记忆抑制中的应用证据。进一步对两者在注意系统中的交互关系进行综合分析,提出了“双机制模型”,强调N2pc与Pd作为注意调控系统中相辅相成的成分,共同构建了目标选择与干扰抑制的神经基础。最后,文章讨论了当前研究中的理论争议、方法局限以及未来在多模态整合、个体差异研究和临床应用等方面的发展方向。本文旨在为理解视觉注意的神经机制提供系统性综述与理论整合框架。The visual attention system dynamically regulates the enhancement of task-relevant information and the suppression of distracting stimuli. Within the framework of event-related potentials (ERPs), the N2pc and Pd components have been identified as neural markers of attentional selection and attentional suppression, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the temporal characteristics, spatial distribution, functional mechanisms, and task dependency of N2pc and Pd. We summarize key findings from visual search paradigms, saliency-driven capture studies, and working memory-guided attention tasks. A dual-mechanism model is proposed to conceptualize how N2pc and Pd work in concert to support efficient attentional control, with N2pc reflecting target selection and Pd reflecting the active suppression of distractors. We also discuss current theoretical debates, methodological challenges, and future research directions, including multimodal integration, individual differences, and clinical applications. This review aims to advance the understanding of the neurocognitive basis of visual attention by integrating evidence from electrophysiological studies of selection and suppression.展开更多
目的探讨异族面孔还是本民族面孔的种族信息更吸引注意的证据及其机制。方法采用返回抑制试验范式(inhibition of return,IOR),以反映视觉空间注意分配的N2pc为指标,记录和分析20名中国青年被试观看正立和倒立位本民族(中国人)和异族(白...目的探讨异族面孔还是本民族面孔的种族信息更吸引注意的证据及其机制。方法采用返回抑制试验范式(inhibition of return,IOR),以反映视觉空间注意分配的N2pc为指标,记录和分析20名中国青年被试观看正立和倒立位本民族(中国人)和异族(白人)面孔诱发的事件相关电位(event-related potentials,ERPs)。结果和白人面孔相比,本民族面孔诱发出更为显著的ERPs中的N2pc成分,而这种现象在面孔翻转的时候缺如。结论至少对中国人而言,本民族面孔吸引注意,其机制是基于高水平的整体加工。展开更多
文摘视觉注意系统通过动态调节机制实现对目标信息的增强与对干扰信息的抑制。事件相关电位(ERP)成分中的N2pc和Pd分别被认为反映了注意选择与注意抑制的神经过程。本文系统回顾了N2pc与Pd成分的时序特征、脑区分布、功能机制及其任务依赖性,梳理了其在视觉搜索、显著性驱动和工作记忆抑制中的应用证据。进一步对两者在注意系统中的交互关系进行综合分析,提出了“双机制模型”,强调N2pc与Pd作为注意调控系统中相辅相成的成分,共同构建了目标选择与干扰抑制的神经基础。最后,文章讨论了当前研究中的理论争议、方法局限以及未来在多模态整合、个体差异研究和临床应用等方面的发展方向。本文旨在为理解视觉注意的神经机制提供系统性综述与理论整合框架。The visual attention system dynamically regulates the enhancement of task-relevant information and the suppression of distracting stimuli. Within the framework of event-related potentials (ERPs), the N2pc and Pd components have been identified as neural markers of attentional selection and attentional suppression, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the temporal characteristics, spatial distribution, functional mechanisms, and task dependency of N2pc and Pd. We summarize key findings from visual search paradigms, saliency-driven capture studies, and working memory-guided attention tasks. A dual-mechanism model is proposed to conceptualize how N2pc and Pd work in concert to support efficient attentional control, with N2pc reflecting target selection and Pd reflecting the active suppression of distractors. We also discuss current theoretical debates, methodological challenges, and future research directions, including multimodal integration, individual differences, and clinical applications. This review aims to advance the understanding of the neurocognitive basis of visual attention by integrating evidence from electrophysiological studies of selection and suppression.
文摘目的探讨异族面孔还是本民族面孔的种族信息更吸引注意的证据及其机制。方法采用返回抑制试验范式(inhibition of return,IOR),以反映视觉空间注意分配的N2pc为指标,记录和分析20名中国青年被试观看正立和倒立位本民族(中国人)和异族(白人)面孔诱发的事件相关电位(event-related potentials,ERPs)。结果和白人面孔相比,本民族面孔诱发出更为显著的ERPs中的N2pc成分,而这种现象在面孔翻转的时候缺如。结论至少对中国人而言,本民族面孔吸引注意,其机制是基于高水平的整体加工。
