期刊文献+
共找到435篇文章
< 1 2 22 >
每页显示 20 50 100
An Improved Variant of Multi-Population Cooperative Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization(MCCMO)for Multi-Objective Optimization Problem
1
作者 Muhammad Waqar Khan Adnan Ahmed Siddiqui Syed Sajjad Hussain Rizvi 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 2026年第2期1874-1888,共15页
The multi-objective optimization problems,especially in constrained environments such as power distribution planning,demand robust strategies for discovering effective solutions.This work presents the improved variant... The multi-objective optimization problems,especially in constrained environments such as power distribution planning,demand robust strategies for discovering effective solutions.This work presents the improved variant of the Multi-population Cooperative Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization(MCCMO)Algorithm,termed Adaptive Diversity Preservation(ADP).This enhancement is primarily focused on the improvement of constraint handling strategies,local search integration,hybrid selection approaches,and adaptive parameter control.Theimproved variant was experimented on with the RWMOP50 power distribution systemplanning benchmark.As per the findings,the improved variant outperformed the original MCCMO across the eleven performance metrics,particularly in terms of convergence speed,constraint handling efficiency,and solution diversity.The results also establish that MCCMOADP consistently delivers substantial performance gains over the baseline MCCMO,demonstrating its effectiveness across performancemetrics.The new variant also excels atmaintaining the balanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation throughout the search process,making it especially suitable for complex optimization problems in multiconstrained power systems.These enhancements make MCCMO-ADP a valuable and promising candidate for handling problems such as renewable energy scheduling,logistics planning,and power system optimization.Future work will benchmark the MCCMO-ADP against widely recognized algorithms such as NSGA-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅲ,and MOEA/D and will also extend its validation to large-scale real-world optimization domains to further consolidate its generalizability. 展开更多
关键词 MCCMO algorithms adaptive diversity preservation RWMOP50 power distribution system multi-modal multi objective optimization evolutionary algorithm multi objective problem
在线阅读 下载PDF
Two-Phase Genetic Algorithm Applied in the Optimization of Multi-Modal Function 被引量:5
2
作者 Huang Yu-zhen, Kang Li-shan,Zhou Ai-minState Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei,China 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2003年第S1期259-264,共6页
This paper presents a two-phase genetic algorithm (TPGA) based on the multi- parent genetic algorithm (MPGA). Through analysis we find MPGA will lead the population' s evol vement to diversity or convergence accor... This paper presents a two-phase genetic algorithm (TPGA) based on the multi- parent genetic algorithm (MPGA). Through analysis we find MPGA will lead the population' s evol vement to diversity or convergence according to the population size and the crossover size, so we make it run in different forms during the global and local optimization phases and then forms TPGA. The experiment results show that TPGA is very efficient for the optimization of low-dimension multi-modal functions, usually we can obtain all the global optimal solutions. 展开更多
关键词 optimization of multi-modal function genetic algorithm global optimization local optimization
在线阅读 下载PDF
Elitism-based immune genetic algorithm and its application to optimization of complex multi-modal functions 被引量:4
3
作者 谭冠政 周代明 +1 位作者 江斌 DIOUBATE Mamady I 《Journal of Central South University of Technology》 EI 2008年第6期845-852,共8页
A novel immune genetic algorithm with the elitist selection and elitist crossover was proposed, which is called the immune genetic algorithm with the elitism (IGAE). In IGAE, the new methods for computing antibody s... A novel immune genetic algorithm with the elitist selection and elitist crossover was proposed, which is called the immune genetic algorithm with the elitism (IGAE). In IGAE, the new methods for computing antibody similarity, expected reproduction probability, and clonal selection probability were given. IGAE has three features. The first is that the similarities of two antibodies in structure and quality are all defined in the form of percentage, which helps to describe the similarity of two antibodies more accurately and to reduce the computational burden effectively. The second is that with the elitist selection and elitist crossover strategy IGAE is able to find the globally optimal solution of a given problem. The third is that the formula of expected reproduction probability of antibody can be adjusted through a parameter r, which helps to balance the population diversity and the convergence speed of IGAE so that IGAE can find the globally optimal solution of a given problem more rapidly. Two different complex multi-modal functions were selected to test the validity of IGAE. The experimental results show that IGAE can find the globally maximum/minimum values of the two functions rapidly. The experimental results also confirm that IGAE is of better performance in convergence speed, solution variation behavior, and computational efficiency compared with the canonical genetic algorithm with the elitism and the immune genetic algorithm with the information entropy and elitism. 展开更多
关键词 immune genetic algorithm multi-modal function optimization evolutionary computation elitist selection elitist crossover
在线阅读 下载PDF
Systematic Benchmarking of Topology Optimization Methods Using Both Binary and Relaxed Forms of the Zhou-Rozvany Problem
4
作者 Jiye Zhou Yun-Fei Fu Kazem Ghabraie 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 2025年第6期3233-3251,共19页
Most material distribution-based topology optimization methods work on a relaxed form of the optimization problem and then push the solution toward the binary limits.However,when benchmarking these methods,researchers... Most material distribution-based topology optimization methods work on a relaxed form of the optimization problem and then push the solution toward the binary limits.However,when benchmarking these methods,researchers use known solutions to only a single form of benchmark problem.This paper proposes a comparison platform for systematic benchmarking of topology optimization methods using both binary and relaxed forms.A greyness measure is implemented to evaluate how far a solution is from the desired binary form.The well-known ZhouRozvany(ZR)problem is selected as the benchmarking problem here,making use of available global solutions for both its relaxed and binary forms.The recently developed non-penalization Smooth-edged Material Distribution for Optimizing Topology(SEMDOT),well-established Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization(SIMP),and continuation methods are studied on this platform.Interestingly,in most cases,the grayscale solutions obtained by SEMDOT demonstrate better performance in dealing with the ZR problem than SIMP.The reasons are investigated and attributed to the usage of two different regularization techniques,namely,the Heaviside smooth function in SEMDOT and the power-law penalty in SIMP.More importantly,a simple-to-use benchmarking graph is proposed for evaluating newly developed topology optimization methods. 展开更多
关键词 Topology optimization Zhou-Rozvany problem BENCHMARKING binary forms relaxed forms power-law penalty heaviside smooth function
在线阅读 下载PDF
OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS AND DUALITY RESULTS FOR NONSMOOTH VECTOR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH THE MULTIPLE INTERVAL-VALUED OBJECTIVE FUNCTION 被引量:5
5
作者 Tadeusz ANTCZAK 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第4期1133-1150,共18页
In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a (weakly) LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the mult... In this paper, both Fritz John and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary optimality conditions are established for a (weakly) LU-efficient solution in the considered nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval-objective function. Further, the sufficient optimality conditions for a (weakly) LU-efficient solution and several duality results in Mond-Weir sense are proved under assumptions that the functions constituting the considered nondifferentiable multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function are convex. 展开更多
关键词 nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem with the multiple interval- objective function Fritz John necessary optimality conditions Karush-Kuhn- Tucker necessary optimality conditions (weakly) LU-efficient solution Mond- Weir duality
在线阅读 下载PDF
An Improved GT Algorithm for Solving Complicated Dynamic Function Optimization Problems
6
作者 ZHANG Qing LI Yan +1 位作者 KANG Zhuo KANG Lishan 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 2009年第5期404-408,共5页
An improved Guo Tao algorithm (IGT algorithm) is proposed for solving complicated dynamic function optimization problems, and a function optimization benchmark problem with constrained condition and two dynamic para... An improved Guo Tao algorithm (IGT algorithm) is proposed for solving complicated dynamic function optimization problems, and a function optimization benchmark problem with constrained condition and two dynamic parameters has been designed. The results achieved by IGT algorithm have been compared with the results from the Guo Tao algorithm (GT algorithm). It is shown that the new algorithm (IGT algorithm) provides better results. This preliminarily demonstrates the efficiency of the new algorithm in complicated dynamic environments. 展开更多
关键词 dynamic function optimization Guo Tao algorithm (GT algorithm) benchmark problems
原文传递
A New Augmented Lagrangian Objective Penalty Function for Constrained Optimization Problems
7
作者 Ying Zheng Zhiqing Meng 《Open Journal of Optimization》 2017年第2期39-46,共8页
In this paper, a new augmented Lagrangian penalty function for constrained optimization problems is studied. The dual properties of the augmented Lagrangian objective penalty function for constrained optimization prob... In this paper, a new augmented Lagrangian penalty function for constrained optimization problems is studied. The dual properties of the augmented Lagrangian objective penalty function for constrained optimization problems are proved. Under some conditions, the saddle point of the augmented Lagrangian objective penalty function satisfies the first-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition. Especially, when the KKT condition holds for convex programming its saddle point exists. Based on the augmented Lagrangian objective penalty function, an algorithm is developed for finding a global solution to an inequality constrained optimization problem and its global convergence is also proved under some conditions. 展开更多
关键词 CONSTRAINED optimization problems AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN Objective PENALTY function SADDLE POINT Algorithm
在线阅读 下载PDF
An Objective Penalty Functions Algorithm for Multiobjective Optimization Problem
8
作者 Zhiqing Meng Rui Shen Min Jiang 《American Journal of Operations Research》 2011年第4期229-235,共7页
By using the penalty function method with objective parameters, the paper presents an interactive algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP). The MP is transformed into a single obj... By using the penalty function method with objective parameters, the paper presents an interactive algorithm to solve the inequality constrained multi-objective programming (MP). The MP is transformed into a single objective optimal problem (SOOP) with inequality constrains;and it is proved that, under some conditions, an optimal solution to SOOP is a Pareto efficient solution to MP. Then, an interactive algorithm of MP is designed accordingly. Numerical examples show that the algorithm can find a satisfactory solution to MP with objective weight value adjusted by decision maker. 展开更多
关键词 MULTIOBJECTIVE optimization problem Objective PENALTY function PARETO Efficient Solution INTERACTIVE ALGORITHM
在线阅读 下载PDF
A New Evolutionary Algorithm for Function Optimization 被引量:37
9
作者 GUO Tao, KANG Li shan State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, China 《Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences》 CAS 1999年第4期409-414,共6页
A new algorithm based on genetic algorithm(GA) is developed for solving function optimization problems with inequality constraints. This algorithm has been used to a series of standard test problems and exhibited good... A new algorithm based on genetic algorithm(GA) is developed for solving function optimization problems with inequality constraints. This algorithm has been used to a series of standard test problems and exhibited good performance. The computation results show that its generality, precision, robustness, simplicity and performance are all satisfactory. 展开更多
关键词 Key words evolutionary algorithm function optimization problem inequality constraints
在线阅读 下载PDF
Solving the Optimal Control Problems of Nonlinear Duffing Oscillators By Using an Iterative Shape Functions Method 被引量:2
10
作者 Cheinshan Liu Chunglun Kuo Jiangren Chang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2020年第1期33-48,共16页
In the optimal control problem of nonlinear dynamical system,the Hamiltonian formulation is useful and powerful to solve an optimal control force.However,the resulting Euler-Lagrange equations are not easy to solve,wh... In the optimal control problem of nonlinear dynamical system,the Hamiltonian formulation is useful and powerful to solve an optimal control force.However,the resulting Euler-Lagrange equations are not easy to solve,when the performance index is complicated,because one may encounter a two-point boundary value problem of nonlinear differential algebraic equations.To be a numerical method,it is hard to exactly preserve all the specified conditions,which might deteriorate the accuracy of numerical solution.With this in mind,we develop a novel algorithm to find the solution of the optimal control problem of nonlinear Duffing oscillator,which can exactly satisfy all the required conditions for the minimality of the performance index.A new idea of shape functions method(SFM)is introduced,from which we can transform the optimal control problems to the initial value problems for the new variables,whose initial values are given arbitrarily,and meanwhile the terminal values are determined iteratively.Numerical examples confirm the high-performance of the iterative algorithms based on the SFM,which are convergence fast,and also provide very accurate solutions.The new algorithm is robust,even large noise is imposed on the input data. 展开更多
关键词 Nonlinear Duffing oscillator optimal control problem Hamiltonian formulation shape functions method iterative algorithm
在线阅读 下载PDF
Ant colony algorithm based on genetic method for continuous optimization problem 被引量:1
11
作者 朱经纬 蒙培生 王乘 《Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition)》 CAS 2007年第6期597-602,共6页
A new algorithm is presented by using the ant colony algorithm based on genetic method (ACG) to solve the continuous optimization problem. Each component has a seed set. The seed in the set has the value of componen... A new algorithm is presented by using the ant colony algorithm based on genetic method (ACG) to solve the continuous optimization problem. Each component has a seed set. The seed in the set has the value of component, trail information and fitness. The ant chooses a seed from the seed set with the possibility determined by trail information and fitness of the seed. The genetic method is used to form new solutions from the solutions got by the ants. Best solutions are selected to update the seeds in the sets and trail information of the seeds. In updating the trail information, a diffusion function is used to achieve the diffuseness of trail information. The new algorithm is tested with 8 different benchmark functions. 展开更多
关键词 ant colony algorithm genetic method diffusion function continuous optimization problem.
在线阅读 下载PDF
On the Well-Posedness for Optimization Problems: A Theoretical Investigation 被引量:1
12
作者 Rosa Ferrentino Carmine Boniello 《Applied Mathematics》 2019年第1期19-38,共20页
In this paper, some theoretical notions of well-posedness and of well-posedness in the generalized sense for scalar optimization problems are presented and some important results are analysed. Similar notions of well-... In this paper, some theoretical notions of well-posedness and of well-posedness in the generalized sense for scalar optimization problems are presented and some important results are analysed. Similar notions of well-posedness, respectively for a vector optimization problem and for a variational inequality of differential type, are discussed subsequently and, among the various vector well-posedness notions known in the literature, the attention is focused on the concept of pointwise well-posedness. Moreover, after a review of well-posedness properties, the study is further extended to a scalarizing procedure that preserves well-posedness of the notions listed, namely to a result, obtained with a special scalarizing function, which links the notion of pontwise well-posedness to the well-posedness of a suitable scalar variational inequality of differential type. 展开更多
关键词 WELL-POSEDNESS HADAMARD and Tykhonov WELL-POSEDNESS VECTOR optimization problemS SCALARIZATION function
在线阅读 下载PDF
A Filled Function with Adjustable Parameters for Unconstrained Global Optimization 被引量:1
13
作者 SHANGYou-lin LIXiao-yan 《Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics》 CSCD 2004年第3期232-239,共8页
A filled function with adjustable parameters is suggested in this paper for finding a global minimum point of a general class of nonlinear programming problems with a bounded and closed domain. This function has two a... A filled function with adjustable parameters is suggested in this paper for finding a global minimum point of a general class of nonlinear programming problems with a bounded and closed domain. This function has two adjustable parameters. We will discuss the properties of the proposed filled function. Conditions on this function and on the values of parameters are given so that the constructed function has the desired properties of traditional filled function. 展开更多
关键词 filled function global optimization global minimizer unconstrained problem BASIN HILL
在线阅读 下载PDF
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF EFFICIENCY AND SADDLE POINT CRITERIA FOR MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM WITH VANISHING CONSTRAINTS
14
作者 Anurag JAYSWAL Vivek SINGH 《Acta Mathematica Scientia》 SCIE CSCD 2019年第2期382-394,共13页
In this article, we focus to study about modified objective function approach for multiobjective optimization problem with vanishing constraints. An equivalent η-approximated multiobjective optimization problem is co... In this article, we focus to study about modified objective function approach for multiobjective optimization problem with vanishing constraints. An equivalent η-approximated multiobjective optimization problem is constructed by a modification of the objective function in the original considered optimization problem. Furthermore, we discuss saddle point criteria for the aforesaid problem. Moreover, we present some examples to verify the established results. 展开更多
关键词 MULTIOBJECTIVE optimization problem with VANISHING CONSTRAINTS efficient solution INVEXITY η-Lagrange function SADDLE point
在线阅读 下载PDF
Optimal investment with transaction costs based on exponential utility function:a parabolic double obstacle problem
15
作者 BAO Qun-fang YANG Jing-yang +1 位作者 SUN Chao LI Sheng-hong 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第4期483-492,共10页
This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the prob... This paper concerns optimal investment problem with proportional transaction costs and finite time horizon based on exponential utility function. Using a partial differential equation approach, we reveal that the problem is equivalent to a parabolic double obstacle problem involving two free boundaries that correspond to the optimal buying and selling policies. Numerical examples are obtained by the binomial method. 展开更多
关键词 optimal investment transaction costs double obstacle problem stochastic control exponential utility function.
在线阅读 下载PDF
The Cost Functional and Its Gradient in Optimal Boundary Control Problem for Parabolic Systems
16
作者 Mohamed A. El-Sayed Moustafa M. Salama +1 位作者 M. H. Farag Fahad B. Al-Thobaiti 《Open Journal of Optimization》 2017年第1期26-37,共12页
The problems of optimal control (OCPs) related to PDEs are a very active area of research. These problems deal with the processes of mechanical engineering, heat aeronautics, physics, hydro and gas dynamics, the physi... The problems of optimal control (OCPs) related to PDEs are a very active area of research. These problems deal with the processes of mechanical engineering, heat aeronautics, physics, hydro and gas dynamics, the physics of plasma and other real life problems. In this paper, we deal with a class of the constrained OCP for parabolic systems. It is converted to new unconstrained OCP by adding a penalty function to the cost functional. The existence solution of the considering system of parabolic optimal control problem (POCP) is introduced. In this way, the uniqueness theorem for the solving POCP is introduced. Therefore, a theorem for the sufficient differentiability conditions has been proved. 展开更多
关键词 Constrained optimal Control problems Necessary optimALITY Conditions Parabolic System ADJOINT problem Exterior PENALTY function Method Existence and UNIQUENESS THEOREMS
在线阅读 下载PDF
Continuity of Solution Mappings for Parametric Set Optimization Problems under Partial Order Relations
17
作者 Yueming Sun 《Advances in Pure Mathematics》 2020年第11期631-644,共14页
This paper mainly investigates the semicontinuity of solution mappings for set optimization problems under a partial order set relation instead of upper and lower set less order relations. To this end, we propose two ... This paper mainly investigates the semicontinuity of solution mappings for set optimization problems under a partial order set relation instead of upper and lower set less order relations. To this end, we propose two types of monotonicity definition for the set-valued mapping introduced by two nonlinear scalarization functions which are presented by these partial order relations. Then, we give some sufficient conditions for the semicontinuity and closedness of solution mappings for parametric set optimization problems. The results presented in this paper are new and extend the main results given by some authors in the literature. 展开更多
关键词 Parametric Set optimization problem Nonlinear Scalarization function SEMICONTINUITY Partial Order Relation
在线阅读 下载PDF
An Integer Coding Based Optimization Model for Queen Problems
18
作者 Nengfa Hu 《American Journal of Computational Mathematics》 2016年第1期32-36,共5页
Queen problems are unstructured problems, whose solution scheme can be applied in the actual job scheduling. As for the n-queen problem, backtracking algorithm is considered as an effective approach when the value of ... Queen problems are unstructured problems, whose solution scheme can be applied in the actual job scheduling. As for the n-queen problem, backtracking algorithm is considered as an effective approach when the value of n is small. However, in case the value of n is large, the phenomenon of combination explosion is expected to occur. In order to solve the aforementioned problem, queen problems are firstly converted into the problem of function optimization with constraints, and then the corresponding mathematical model is established. Afterwards, the n-queen problem is solved by constructing the genetic operators and adaption functions using the integer coding based on the population search technology of the evolutionary computation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is endowed with rapid calculation speed and high efficiency, and the model presents simple structure and is readily implemented. 展开更多
关键词 Queen problem function optimization Mathematical Model Evolutionary Computation Integer Coding
在线阅读 下载PDF
mLBOA:A Modified Butterfly Optimization Algorithm with Lagrange Interpolation for Global Optimization 被引量:5
19
作者 Sushmita Sharma Sanjoy Chakraborty +2 位作者 Apu Kumar Saha Sukanta Nama Saroj Kumar Sahoo 《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2022年第4期1161-1176,共16页
Though the Butterfly Bptimization Algorithm(BOA)has already proved its effectiveness as a robust optimization algorithm,it has certain disadvantages.So,a new variant of BOA,namely mLBOA,is proposed here to improve its... Though the Butterfly Bptimization Algorithm(BOA)has already proved its effectiveness as a robust optimization algorithm,it has certain disadvantages.So,a new variant of BOA,namely mLBOA,is proposed here to improve its performance.The proposed algorithm employs a self-adaptive parameter setting,Lagrange interpolation formula,and a new local search strategy embedded with Levy flight search to enhance its searching ability to make a better trade-off between exploration and exploitation.Also,the fragrance generation scheme of BOA is modified,which leads for exploring the domain effectively for better searching.To evaluate the performance,it has been applied to solve the IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark suite.The results have been compared to that of six state-of-the-art algorithms and five BOA variants.Moreover,various statistical tests,such as the Friedman rank test,Wilcoxon rank test,convergence analysis,and complexity analysis,have been conducted to justify the rank,significance,and complexity of the proposed mLBOA.Finally,the mLBOA has been applied to solve three real-world engineering design problems.From all the analyses,it has been found that the proposed mLBOA is a competitive algorithm compared to other popular state-of-the-art algorithms and BOA variants. 展开更多
关键词 Butterfly optimization algorithm Lagrange interpolation Levy flight search IEEE CEC 2017 functions Engineering design problems
在线阅读 下载PDF
An Improved Bald Eagle Search Algorithm with Cauchy Mutation and Adaptive Weight Factor for Engineering Optimization 被引量:2
20
作者 Wenchuan Wang Weican Tian +3 位作者 Kwok-wing Chau Yiming Xue Lei Xu Hongfei Zang 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2023年第8期1603-1642,共40页
The Bald Eagle Search algorithm(BES)is an emerging meta-heuristic algorithm.The algorithm simulates the hunting behavior of eagles,and obtains an optimal solution through three stages,namely selection stage,search sta... The Bald Eagle Search algorithm(BES)is an emerging meta-heuristic algorithm.The algorithm simulates the hunting behavior of eagles,and obtains an optimal solution through three stages,namely selection stage,search stage and swooping stage.However,BES tends to drop-in local optimization and the maximum value of search space needs to be improved.To fill this research gap,we propose an improved bald eagle algorithm(CABES)that integrates Cauchy mutation and adaptive optimization to improve the performance of BES from local optima.Firstly,CABES introduces the Cauchy mutation strategy to adjust the step size of the selection stage,to select a better search range.Secondly,in the search stage,CABES updates the search position update formula by an adaptive weight factor to further promote the local optimization capability of BES.To verify the performance of CABES,the benchmark function of CEC2017 is used to simulate the algorithm.The findings of the tests are compared to those of the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(PSO),Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA)and Archimedes Algorithm(AOA).The experimental results show that CABES can provide good exploration and development capabilities,and it has strong competitiveness in testing algorithms.Finally,CABES is applied to four constrained engineering problems and a groundwater engineeringmodel,which further verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of CABES in practical engineering problems. 展开更多
关键词 Bald eagle search algorithm cauchymutation adaptive weight factor CEC2017 benchmark functions engineering optimization problems
在线阅读 下载PDF
上一页 1 2 22 下一页 到第
使用帮助 返回顶部