ADS Injector-II linear accelerator is mainly composed of ECR ion source,LEBT,RFQ,MEBT,a superconducting accelerating segment and HEBT.The superconducting accelerating segment is composed of two HWR010 cavity cryomodul...ADS Injector-II linear accelerator is mainly composed of ECR ion source,LEBT,RFQ,MEBT,a superconducting accelerating segment and HEBT.The superconducting accelerating segment is composed of two HWR010 cavity cryomodules,a taper cavity cryomodule and a spoke cavity cryomodule(CM1+CM2+CM3+CM4),which has accelerated the proton beam to 25 MeV in Jun.2017.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce the notion of G_(C)-X-injective modules,where X denotes a class of left S-modules and C represents a faithfully semidualizing bimodule.Under the condition that X satisfies certain hypotheses...In this paper,we introduce the notion of G_(C)-X-injective modules,where X denotes a class of left S-modules and C represents a faithfully semidualizing bimodule.Under the condition that X satisfies certain hypotheses,some properties and some equivalent characterizations of G_(C)-X-injective modules are investigated,and we also show that the triple(■,cores■,■)is a weak co-AB-context.As an application,two complete cotorsion pairs and a new model structure in Mod S are given.展开更多
[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau...[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.展开更多
Microseismic(MS)monitoring is an effective technique to detect mining-induced rock fractures.However,recognizing grouting-induced signals is challenging due to complex geological conditions in deep rock plates.Therefo...Microseismic(MS)monitoring is an effective technique to detect mining-induced rock fractures.However,recognizing grouting-induced signals is challenging due to complex geological conditions in deep rock plates.Therefore,a hybrid model(WM-ResNet50)integrating data enhancement,a deep convolutional neural network(CNN),and convolutional block attention modules(CBAM)was proposed.Firstly,an MS system was established at the Xieqiao coal mine in Anhui Province,China.MS waveforms and injection parameters were acquired during grouting.Secondly,signals were categorized based on time-frequency characteristics to build a dataset,which was divided into training,validation,and test sets at a ratio of 4:1:1.Subsequently,the performance of WM-ResNet50 was evaluated based on indices such as individual precision,total accuracy,recall,and loss function.The results indicated that WMResNet50 achieved an average recognition accuracy of 94.38%,surpassing that of a simple CNN(90.04%),ResNet18(91.72%),and ResNet50(92.48%).Finally,WM-ResNet50 was applied to monitor the whole process at laboratory tests and field cases.Both results affirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of MS inversion in predicting actual slurry diffusion ranges within deep rock layers.By comparison,it was revealed that the MS sources classified by WM-ResNet50 matched grouting records well.A solution to address insufficient diffusion under long-borehole grouting has been proposed.WM-ResNet50′s accuracy was validated through in-situ coring and XRD analysis for cement-based hydration products.This study provides a beneficial reference for similar rock signal processing and in-field grouting practices.展开更多
Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry;thus,it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant,which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence.In this...Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry;thus,it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant,which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence.In this study,a lightweight object detection model will be developed that can detect mango plant conditions based on disease potential,so that it becomes an early detection warning system that has an impact on increasing agricultural productivity.The proposed lightweight model integrates YOLOv7-Tiny and the proposed modules,namely the C2S module.The C2S module consists of three sub-modules such as the convolutional block attention module(CBAM),the coordinate attention(CA)module,and the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)module.The dataset is constructed by eight classes,including seven classes of disease conditions and one class of health conditions.The experimental result shows that the proposed lightweight model has the optimal results,which increase by 13.15% of mAP50 compared to the original model YOLOv7-Tiny.While the mAP50:95 also achieved the highest results compared to other models,including YOLOv3-Tiny,YOLOv4-Tiny,YOLOv5,and YOLOv7-Tiny.The advantage of the proposed lightweightmodel is the adaptability that supports it in constrained environments,such as edge computing systems.This proposedmodel can support a robust,precise,and convenient precision agriculture system for the user.展开更多
In massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems utilizing frequency division duplexing,optimizing system performance requires user equipment(UE)to compress downlink channel state information(CSI)and transmit it...In massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems utilizing frequency division duplexing,optimizing system performance requires user equipment(UE)to compress downlink channel state information(CSI)and transmit it to the base station(BS).As the number of antennas increases,there is a significant rise in the overhead related to CSI feedback,posing considerable challenges to the precise acquisition of CSI by the BS.Existing approaches to CSI feedback utilizing deep learning techniques face challenges such as significant feedback overhead and limited precision in the reconstruction process.This study presents a novel lightweight CSI feedback framework known as the dual attention neural network(DANet).Within the DANet architecture,a dual attention module(DAM)is designed to enhance the network's performance.This DAM includes both channel attention blocks and spatial attention blocks.The channel attention blocks direct the model's focus toward channel features rich in information content while simultaneously suppressing less significant features.This approach enables the extraction of temporal correlations within the CSI matrix.The spatial attention block aids in extracting the correlation between the delay domain and the angle domain in the CSI matrix.By enhancing neural network performance,the DAM reduces information dispersion while enhancing the representation of global interactions.Simulation results demonstrate that DANet exhibits superior normalized mean square error and cosine similarity with comparable complexity compared to existing advanced CSI feedback methods.展开更多
WiFi-based human activity recognition(HAR)provides a non-intrusive approach for ubiquitous monitoring;however,achieving both high accuracy and robustness simultaneously remains a significant challenge.This paper propo...WiFi-based human activity recognition(HAR)provides a non-intrusive approach for ubiquitous monitoring;however,achieving both high accuracy and robustness simultaneously remains a significant challenge.This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network with Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(CNN-ECBAM)framework.The approach systematically converts raw Channel State Information(CSI)into pseudo-color images,effectively preserving essential signal characteristics for deep neural network processing.The core innovation is an Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(ECBAM),tailored to CSI data characteristics,which integrates Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)and Multi-Scale Spatial Attention(MSSA).By employing learnable adaptive fusion weights,it achieves dynamic synergy between channel and spatial features,enabling the network to capture highly discriminative spatiotemporal patterns.The ECBAM module is integrated into a unified Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)to form the overall CNN-ECBAM model.Experimental results on the UT-HAR and NTU-Fi_HAR datasets demonstrate that CNN-ECBAM achieves competitive performance in recognition accuracy and outperforms mainstream baseline models.Specifically,it attains 99.20%accuracy on UT-HAR(surpassing ResNet-18 at 98.60%)and achieves 100%accuracy on NTU-Fi_HAR(exceeding GAF-CNN at 99.62%).These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for high-precision and reliable WiFi-based HAR.展开更多
The current study aims to improve the performance of the electrohydraulic servo system(EHSS)by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump and reducing electrical power consumption to a minimum value.An experimen...The current study aims to improve the performance of the electrohydraulic servo system(EHSS)by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump and reducing electrical power consumption to a minimum value.An experimental setup has been designed and built to control the cylinder position using a programmable logic controller to provide the appropriate motor speed from the AC drive to control the velocity of the hydraulic actuator;the induction motor is driven by an AC drive using a tune proportional-integral-variable frequency drive(TPI-VFD)space vector modulation(SVM)hybrid technology.Theoretically,it was analyzed and simulated by MATLAB,which showed that the starting current was reduced by 81%compared to the traditional system.Also,the settling time of the system decreased to 0.35 s to reach a steady state with a minimum error of 0.03 and an overshoot of 0.3%.On the other hand,the experimental results of the EHSS show that the three-phase induction motor with a closed-loop speed control AC drive with a programmable logic controller PLC based system is the best case for determining the appropriate operating speed.The optimum speed,frequency,and voltage were 1325.3 rpm,46.6 Hz,and 354.16 V.In addition,enhancement is achieved in closed-loop VFD-PLC,where at 6.5 bar pressure and 3.4 LPM flow,the volumetric efficiency after the pump improves to 98.6%while it reaches 96.3%before the cylinder at a flow rate of 3.32 LPM.Finally,in the closed-loop VFD-PLC in the expansion stroke,the rated electrical power consumption of the three-phase IM decreased to 532 W at the speed of 1325.3 rpm,resulting in energy savings of 20.6%.展开更多
Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivar...Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between periodontally healthy individuals and periodontitis patients,with periodontitis patients exhibiting increased salivary microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Using an ovariectomized(OVX) mouse model,we demonstrated that the salivary microbiota from periodontitis patients exacerbated bone destruction by modulating the gut microbiota.Metabolomic analysis revealed that the periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota suppressed tryptophan metabolism.The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-lactic acid(ILA) directly inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation.In OVX mice treated with periodontitis salivary microbiota,supplementation with ILA effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated the detrimental effects of periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota on systemic bones.In summary,our data demonstrate that periodontitis can affect systemic bone metabolism via the oral-gut axis and that ILA supplementation serves as a potential therapeutic option to mitigate these adverse effects.展开更多
In order to address the challenges posed by complex background interference,high miss-detection rates of micro-scale defects,and limited model deployment efficiency in photovoltaic(PV)module defect detection,this pape...In order to address the challenges posed by complex background interference,high miss-detection rates of micro-scale defects,and limited model deployment efficiency in photovoltaic(PV)module defect detection,this paper proposes an efficient detection framework based on an improved YOLOv11 architecture.First,a Re-parameterized Convolution(RepConv)module is integrated into the backbone to enhance the model’s sensitivity to fine-grained defects—such as micro-cracks and hot spots—while maintaining high inference efficiency.Second,a Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Convolutional Block Attention Mechanism(MSFF-CBAM)is designed to guide the network toward critical defect regions by jointly modeling channel-wise and spatial attention.This mechanism effectively strengthens the specificity and robustness of feature representations.Third,a lightweight Dynamic Sampling Module(DySample)is employed to replace conventional upsampling operations,thereby improving the localization accuracy of small-scale defect targets.Experimental evaluations conducted on the PVEL-AD dataset demonstrate that the proposed RMDYOLOv11 model surpasses the baseline YOLOv11 in terms of mean Average Precision(mAP)@0.5,Precision,and Recall,achieving respective improvements of 4.70%,1.51%,and 5.50%.The model also exhibits notable advantages in inference speed and model compactness.Further validation on the ELPV dataset confirms the model’s generalization capability,showing respective performance gains of 1.99%,2.28%,and 1.45%across the same metrics.Overall,the enhanced model significantly improves the accuracy of micro-defect identification on PV module surfaces,effectively reducing both false negatives and false positives.This advancement provides a robust and reliable technical foundation for automated PV module defect detection.展开更多
Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies containing abnormal toxic proteins in the central nervous system.Physiologicalα-synuclein exists in the form of a monomer or dimer at the...Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies containing abnormal toxic proteins in the central nervous system.Physiologicalα-synuclein exists in the form of a monomer or dimer at the presynaptic nerve terminal.It serves as a key molecule to modulate endocytosis and exocytosis.However,under pathological conditions,α-synuclein adopts different conformations,being converted into toxic oligomers.The molecular weight ofα-synuclein oligomers ranges from 25 to 180 kDa,and they do not form filamentous aggregates ofα-synuclein.Subsequently,α-synuclein oligomers change to aggregates,including protofibrils and fibrils(Miki et al.,2022).This process has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed synucleinopathies,which include Parkinson’s disease,dementia with Lewy bodies,and multiple system atrophy(MSA).展开更多
The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems wil...The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.展开更多
Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,includi...Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).展开更多
Spinal cord injury is accompanied by a substantial loss of neurons.Cell replacement therapy improves motor and sensory dysfunction by replacing dead neurons,and endogenous neurogenesis is an important cell replacement...Spinal cord injury is accompanied by a substantial loss of neurons.Cell replacement therapy improves motor and sensory dysfunction by replacing dead neurons,and endogenous neurogenesis is an important cell replacement source.Stimulating endogenous neurogenesis is therefore a viable approach for treating spinal cord injury.Given that basic fibroblast growth factor is a potent inducer of neurogenesis,we developed a sustained-release system of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan to enhance tissue repair in spinal cord injury.In the present study,we isolated neural stem cells from the spinal cords of neonatal rats and used single-cell RNA sequencing to trace the complete process of neurogenesis under ex vivo culture conditions.Under the influence of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan,neural stem cells were able to transition from a quiescent state to an activated state and subsequently differentiate into neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons.Additionally,basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan significantly enhanced neural stem cell proliferation in vitro and promoted neuronal generation.Subsequent in vivo experiments confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan in spinal cord injury,demonstrating enhanced neurogenesis and tissue repair.展开更多
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system.They perform a diverse array of functions,with a critical role in structural integrity,synapse formation,and neurotransmission.These cells exh...Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system.They perform a diverse array of functions,with a critical role in structural integrity,synapse formation,and neurotransmission.These cells exhibit substantial regional heterogeneity and display variable responses to different neurological diseases.Such diversity in astrocyte morphology and function is essential for understanding both normal brain function and the underlying mechanisms of neurological disorders.To investigate this heterogeneity,we developed a novel method for the selective and sparse labeling of astrocytes in various brain regions.This technique utilizes a dual adeno-associated virus system that allows for the expression of Cre recombinase and enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein(GfaABC1D)promoter.The system was tested in C57BL/6J mice and successfully labeled astrocytes across multiple brain regions.The method enabled the detailed visualization of individual astrocytes-including their intricate peripheral processes-through three-dimensional reconstructions from confocal microscopy images.Furthermore,the labeling efficiency of this dual adeno-associated virus technology was validated by examining astrocyte function in a spared nerve injury model and through chemogenetic modulation.This innovative approach holds great promise for future research because it enables a more comprehensive understanding of astrocyte variation not only in spared nerve injury but also in a broad spectrum of neurological diseases.The ability to selectively label and study astrocytes in different brain regions provides a powerful tool for exploring the complexities of these essential cells and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions.展开更多
As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be ...As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be carried out before launching SCMs.This study developed a testing device and an SCM test by investigating SCMs and their underwater.The testing device includes four parts:a hydraulic station,an SCM test stand,a signal generating device,and an electronic test unit.First,the basic indices of the testing device were determined from the performance and working parameters of the SCM.Second,the design scheme of the testing device for the SCM was tentatively proposed,and each testing device was designed.Finally,a practical measurement of the SCM,in combination with the hydraulic station,SCM test stand,signal generator,electronic unit,and highpressure water tank,was carried out according to the test requirements.The measurement mainly involved equipment inspection before testing and an experimental test for the SCM.The validity and feasibility of the testing device and method were simultaneously verified through an association test.展开更多
The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The th...The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.展开更多
Renewable power modules such as the thermoelectric generator and the PV panel are featured by low output voltage and low power.Aiming at maximum output power,a high energy efficiency module integrated converter(MIC),a...Renewable power modules such as the thermoelectric generator and the PV panel are featured by low output voltage and low power.Aiming at maximum output power,a high energy efficiency module integrated converter(MIC),as shown in Fig.1,and its control strategy for series connected distributed(SCD)renewable power systems,as shown in Fig.2,are proposed.The topology of the MIC is an improved one of the conventional H-bridge Buck-Boost converter.展开更多
In order to stabilize the video module to build digital image stabilization image sequence, a method of using inertial measurement system is proposed. Through applying real-time attitude in- formation of the camera th...In order to stabilize the video module to build digital image stabilization image sequence, a method of using inertial measurement system is proposed. Through applying real-time attitude in- formation of the camera that obtained by high-precision attitude sensor to estimate the image motion vector and then to compensate for image, the purpose of stabilizing the image sequence can be a- chieved. Experiments demonstrate that this method has a high image stabilization precision, and the up to 16 frame/s video output rate completely meets the real-time requirements.展开更多
文摘ADS Injector-II linear accelerator is mainly composed of ECR ion source,LEBT,RFQ,MEBT,a superconducting accelerating segment and HEBT.The superconducting accelerating segment is composed of two HWR010 cavity cryomodules,a taper cavity cryomodule and a spoke cavity cryomodule(CM1+CM2+CM3+CM4),which has accelerated the proton beam to 25 MeV in Jun.2017.
文摘In this paper,we introduce the notion of G_(C)-X-injective modules,where X denotes a class of left S-modules and C represents a faithfully semidualizing bimodule.Under the condition that X satisfies certain hypotheses,some properties and some equivalent characterizations of G_(C)-X-injective modules are investigated,and we also show that the triple(■,cores■,■)is a weak co-AB-context.As an application,two complete cotorsion pairs and a new model structure in Mod S are given.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12405168)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2024CDJXY004)。
文摘[Background]High harmonic cavities are widely used in electron storage rings to lengthen thebunch,lower the bunch peak current,thereby reducing the IBS effect,enhancing the Touschek lifetime,as well asproviding Landau damping,which is particularly important for storage rings operating with ultra-low emittance or atlow beam energy.[Purpose]To further increase the bunch length without additional hardware costs,the phasemodulation in a dual-RF system is considered.[Methods]In this paper,turn-by-turn simulations incorporating randomsynchrotron radiation excitation are conducted,and a brief analysis is presented to explain the bunch lengtheningmechanism.[Results]Simulation results reveal that the peak current can be further reduced,thereby mitigating IBSeffects and enhancing the Touschek lifetime.Although the energy spread increases,which tends to reduce thebrightness of higher-harmonic radiation from the undulator,the brightness of the fundamental harmonic can,in fact,beimproved.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52204089,52374082)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program(No.2023QNRC001)by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST).
文摘Microseismic(MS)monitoring is an effective technique to detect mining-induced rock fractures.However,recognizing grouting-induced signals is challenging due to complex geological conditions in deep rock plates.Therefore,a hybrid model(WM-ResNet50)integrating data enhancement,a deep convolutional neural network(CNN),and convolutional block attention modules(CBAM)was proposed.Firstly,an MS system was established at the Xieqiao coal mine in Anhui Province,China.MS waveforms and injection parameters were acquired during grouting.Secondly,signals were categorized based on time-frequency characteristics to build a dataset,which was divided into training,validation,and test sets at a ratio of 4:1:1.Subsequently,the performance of WM-ResNet50 was evaluated based on indices such as individual precision,total accuracy,recall,and loss function.The results indicated that WMResNet50 achieved an average recognition accuracy of 94.38%,surpassing that of a simple CNN(90.04%),ResNet18(91.72%),and ResNet50(92.48%).Finally,WM-ResNet50 was applied to monitor the whole process at laboratory tests and field cases.Both results affirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of MS inversion in predicting actual slurry diffusion ranges within deep rock layers.By comparison,it was revealed that the MS sources classified by WM-ResNet50 matched grouting records well.A solution to address insufficient diffusion under long-borehole grouting has been proposed.WM-ResNet50′s accuracy was validated through in-situ coring and XRD analysis for cement-based hydration products.This study provides a beneficial reference for similar rock signal processing and in-field grouting practices.
基金supported by National Science and Technology Council(NSTC)Taiwan,Grant No.NSTC 113-2221-E-167-023.
文摘Mango is a plant with high economic value in the agricultural industry;thus,it is necessary to maximize the productivity performance of the mango plant,which can be done by implementing artificial intelligence.In this study,a lightweight object detection model will be developed that can detect mango plant conditions based on disease potential,so that it becomes an early detection warning system that has an impact on increasing agricultural productivity.The proposed lightweight model integrates YOLOv7-Tiny and the proposed modules,namely the C2S module.The C2S module consists of three sub-modules such as the convolutional block attention module(CBAM),the coordinate attention(CA)module,and the squeeze-and-excitation(SE)module.The dataset is constructed by eight classes,including seven classes of disease conditions and one class of health conditions.The experimental result shows that the proposed lightweight model has the optimal results,which increase by 13.15% of mAP50 compared to the original model YOLOv7-Tiny.While the mAP50:95 also achieved the highest results compared to other models,including YOLOv3-Tiny,YOLOv4-Tiny,YOLOv5,and YOLOv7-Tiny.The advantage of the proposed lightweightmodel is the adaptability that supports it in constrained environments,such as edge computing systems.This proposedmodel can support a robust,precise,and convenient precision agriculture system for the user.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12005108)。
文摘In massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems utilizing frequency division duplexing,optimizing system performance requires user equipment(UE)to compress downlink channel state information(CSI)and transmit it to the base station(BS).As the number of antennas increases,there is a significant rise in the overhead related to CSI feedback,posing considerable challenges to the precise acquisition of CSI by the BS.Existing approaches to CSI feedback utilizing deep learning techniques face challenges such as significant feedback overhead and limited precision in the reconstruction process.This study presents a novel lightweight CSI feedback framework known as the dual attention neural network(DANet).Within the DANet architecture,a dual attention module(DAM)is designed to enhance the network's performance.This DAM includes both channel attention blocks and spatial attention blocks.The channel attention blocks direct the model's focus toward channel features rich in information content while simultaneously suppressing less significant features.This approach enables the extraction of temporal correlations within the CSI matrix.The spatial attention block aids in extracting the correlation between the delay domain and the angle domain in the CSI matrix.By enhancing neural network performance,the DAM reduces information dispersion while enhancing the representation of global interactions.Simulation results demonstrate that DANet exhibits superior normalized mean square error and cosine similarity with comparable complexity compared to existing advanced CSI feedback methods.
基金Supported by Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Sports and Health Information Monitoring Technology(KF2023012)。
文摘WiFi-based human activity recognition(HAR)provides a non-intrusive approach for ubiquitous monitoring;however,achieving both high accuracy and robustness simultaneously remains a significant challenge.This paper proposes a Convolutional Neural Network with Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(CNN-ECBAM)framework.The approach systematically converts raw Channel State Information(CSI)into pseudo-color images,effectively preserving essential signal characteristics for deep neural network processing.The core innovation is an Enhanced Convolutional Block Attention Module(ECBAM),tailored to CSI data characteristics,which integrates Efficient Channel Attention(ECA)and Multi-Scale Spatial Attention(MSSA).By employing learnable adaptive fusion weights,it achieves dynamic synergy between channel and spatial features,enabling the network to capture highly discriminative spatiotemporal patterns.The ECBAM module is integrated into a unified Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)to form the overall CNN-ECBAM model.Experimental results on the UT-HAR and NTU-Fi_HAR datasets demonstrate that CNN-ECBAM achieves competitive performance in recognition accuracy and outperforms mainstream baseline models.Specifically,it attains 99.20%accuracy on UT-HAR(surpassing ResNet-18 at 98.60%)and achieves 100%accuracy on NTU-Fi_HAR(exceeding GAF-CNN at 99.62%).These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for high-precision and reliable WiFi-based HAR.
文摘The current study aims to improve the performance of the electrohydraulic servo system(EHSS)by increasing the volumetric efficiency of the pump and reducing electrical power consumption to a minimum value.An experimental setup has been designed and built to control the cylinder position using a programmable logic controller to provide the appropriate motor speed from the AC drive to control the velocity of the hydraulic actuator;the induction motor is driven by an AC drive using a tune proportional-integral-variable frequency drive(TPI-VFD)space vector modulation(SVM)hybrid technology.Theoretically,it was analyzed and simulated by MATLAB,which showed that the starting current was reduced by 81%compared to the traditional system.Also,the settling time of the system decreased to 0.35 s to reach a steady state with a minimum error of 0.03 and an overshoot of 0.3%.On the other hand,the experimental results of the EHSS show that the three-phase induction motor with a closed-loop speed control AC drive with a programmable logic controller PLC based system is the best case for determining the appropriate operating speed.The optimum speed,frequency,and voltage were 1325.3 rpm,46.6 Hz,and 354.16 V.In addition,enhancement is achieved in closed-loop VFD-PLC,where at 6.5 bar pressure and 3.4 LPM flow,the volumetric efficiency after the pump improves to 98.6%while it reaches 96.3%before the cylinder at a flow rate of 3.32 LPM.Finally,in the closed-loop VFD-PLC in the expansion stroke,the rated electrical power consumption of the three-phase IM decreased to 532 W at the speed of 1325.3 rpm,resulting in energy savings of 20.6%.
基金provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (82270979)High-Level Hospital Construction Project (0224C001,0224C050)Cultivation Program for Reserve Talents for Academic Leaders (2023A208) of Nanjing Stomatological Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Medical School,Institute of Stomatology,Nanjing University。
文摘Epidemiological studies have highlighted an association between periodontitis and osteoporosis.However,the mechanism underlining this association remains unclear.Here,we revealed significant differences in the salivary microbiota between periodontally healthy individuals and periodontitis patients,with periodontitis patients exhibiting increased salivary microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Using an ovariectomized(OVX) mouse model,we demonstrated that the salivary microbiota from periodontitis patients exacerbated bone destruction by modulating the gut microbiota.Metabolomic analysis revealed that the periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota suppressed tryptophan metabolism.The tryptophan metabolite indole-3-lactic acid(ILA) directly inhibited osteoclast formation and differentiation.In OVX mice treated with periodontitis salivary microbiota,supplementation with ILA effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis and alleviated the detrimental effects of periodontitis-associated salivary microbiota on systemic bones.In summary,our data demonstrate that periodontitis can affect systemic bone metabolism via the oral-gut axis and that ILA supplementation serves as a potential therapeutic option to mitigate these adverse effects.
基金supported by the Gansu Provincial Department of Education Industry Support Plan Project(2025CYZC-018).
文摘In order to address the challenges posed by complex background interference,high miss-detection rates of micro-scale defects,and limited model deployment efficiency in photovoltaic(PV)module defect detection,this paper proposes an efficient detection framework based on an improved YOLOv11 architecture.First,a Re-parameterized Convolution(RepConv)module is integrated into the backbone to enhance the model’s sensitivity to fine-grained defects—such as micro-cracks and hot spots—while maintaining high inference efficiency.Second,a Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Convolutional Block Attention Mechanism(MSFF-CBAM)is designed to guide the network toward critical defect regions by jointly modeling channel-wise and spatial attention.This mechanism effectively strengthens the specificity and robustness of feature representations.Third,a lightweight Dynamic Sampling Module(DySample)is employed to replace conventional upsampling operations,thereby improving the localization accuracy of small-scale defect targets.Experimental evaluations conducted on the PVEL-AD dataset demonstrate that the proposed RMDYOLOv11 model surpasses the baseline YOLOv11 in terms of mean Average Precision(mAP)@0.5,Precision,and Recall,achieving respective improvements of 4.70%,1.51%,and 5.50%.The model also exhibits notable advantages in inference speed and model compactness.Further validation on the ELPV dataset confirms the model’s generalization capability,showing respective performance gains of 1.99%,2.28%,and 1.45%across the same metrics.Overall,the enhanced model significantly improves the accuracy of micro-defect identification on PV module surfaces,effectively reducing both false negatives and false positives.This advancement provides a robust and reliable technical foundation for automated PV module defect detection.
基金supported by Hirosaki University Priority Research Grant for Future Innovation(to YM),JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 24K10654(to YM)and 23K24209(to KW)the Collaborative Research Project of the Brain Research Institute,Niigata University(to YM).
文摘Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies containing abnormal toxic proteins in the central nervous system.Physiologicalα-synuclein exists in the form of a monomer or dimer at the presynaptic nerve terminal.It serves as a key molecule to modulate endocytosis and exocytosis.However,under pathological conditions,α-synuclein adopts different conformations,being converted into toxic oligomers.The molecular weight ofα-synuclein oligomers ranges from 25 to 180 kDa,and they do not form filamentous aggregates ofα-synuclein.Subsequently,α-synuclein oligomers change to aggregates,including protofibrils and fibrils(Miki et al.,2022).This process has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases collectively termed synucleinopathies,which include Parkinson’s disease,dementia with Lewy bodies,and multiple system atrophy(MSA).
基金ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20230105001National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62001045。
文摘The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission.
基金supported by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation,HFRI,“2nd Call for HFRI Research Projects to support Faculty Members&Researchers”Project 02667 to GL.
文摘Lysophosphatidic acid(LPA)is a pleiotropic lipid agonist essential for functions of the central nervous system(CNS).It is abundant in the developing and adult brain while its concentration in biological fluids,including cerebrospinal fluid,varies significantly(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014).LPA actually corresponds to a variety of lipid species that include different stereoisomers with either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids bearing likely differentiated biological activities(Figure 1Α;Yung et al.,2014;Hernández-Araiza et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271403(to XL),82272171(to ZY),31730030(to XL),81941011(to XL),31971279(to ZY)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7222004(to HD).
文摘Spinal cord injury is accompanied by a substantial loss of neurons.Cell replacement therapy improves motor and sensory dysfunction by replacing dead neurons,and endogenous neurogenesis is an important cell replacement source.Stimulating endogenous neurogenesis is therefore a viable approach for treating spinal cord injury.Given that basic fibroblast growth factor is a potent inducer of neurogenesis,we developed a sustained-release system of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan to enhance tissue repair in spinal cord injury.In the present study,we isolated neural stem cells from the spinal cords of neonatal rats and used single-cell RNA sequencing to trace the complete process of neurogenesis under ex vivo culture conditions.Under the influence of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan,neural stem cells were able to transition from a quiescent state to an activated state and subsequently differentiate into neuronal precursor cells and immature neurons.Additionally,basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan significantly enhanced neural stem cell proliferation in vitro and promoted neuronal generation.Subsequent in vivo experiments confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor-chitosan in spinal cord injury,demonstrating enhanced neurogenesis and tissue repair.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32271148(to JW)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China,No.2023M740625(to ML)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Nos.2021B1515120050(to HW)and 2023A1515110782(to ML)and Key R&D Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,No.2024BEG02027(to JW).
文摘Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system.They perform a diverse array of functions,with a critical role in structural integrity,synapse formation,and neurotransmission.These cells exhibit substantial regional heterogeneity and display variable responses to different neurological diseases.Such diversity in astrocyte morphology and function is essential for understanding both normal brain function and the underlying mechanisms of neurological disorders.To investigate this heterogeneity,we developed a novel method for the selective and sparse labeling of astrocytes in various brain regions.This technique utilizes a dual adeno-associated virus system that allows for the expression of Cre recombinase and enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the glial fibrillary acidic protein(GfaABC1D)promoter.The system was tested in C57BL/6J mice and successfully labeled astrocytes across multiple brain regions.The method enabled the detailed visualization of individual astrocytes-including their intricate peripheral processes-through three-dimensional reconstructions from confocal microscopy images.Furthermore,the labeling efficiency of this dual adeno-associated virus technology was validated by examining astrocyte function in a spared nerve injury model and through chemogenetic modulation.This innovative approach holds great promise for future research because it enables a more comprehensive understanding of astrocyte variation not only in spared nerve injury but also in a broad spectrum of neurological diseases.The ability to selectively label and study astrocytes in different brain regions provides a powerful tool for exploring the complexities of these essential cells and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0310500)High-Tech Ship Research Projects sponsored by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(2018GXB01)Yantai City school land integration development project(2019XDRHXMPT29)research and development and test platform of underwater production system。
文摘As a core part of subsea production systems,subsea control modules(SCMs)are costly,difficult,and expensive to install and inconvenient to use in underwater maintenance.Therefore,performance and function tests must be carried out before launching SCMs.This study developed a testing device and an SCM test by investigating SCMs and their underwater.The testing device includes four parts:a hydraulic station,an SCM test stand,a signal generating device,and an electronic test unit.First,the basic indices of the testing device were determined from the performance and working parameters of the SCM.Second,the design scheme of the testing device for the SCM was tentatively proposed,and each testing device was designed.Finally,a practical measurement of the SCM,in combination with the hydraulic station,SCM test stand,signal generator,electronic unit,and highpressure water tank,was carried out according to the test requirements.The measurement mainly involved equipment inspection before testing and an experimental test for the SCM.The validity and feasibility of the testing device and method were simultaneously verified through an association test.
基金The project supported by European Fusion Development Agreement (EFDA) Technology Work Program
文摘The HCPB concept has been a European DEMO reference concept for nearly one decade. Detailed thermal-hydraulic study on the control behavior of the whole system is one of the important parts of this development. The thermal-hydraulic effect of the TBM-combined cooling circuit during a cyclic operation in ITER has been studied using the system code RELAP5. The RELAP5 is based on an one-dimensional, transient two-fluid model for the flow of a two-phase steam-water mixture that can contain noncondensable components like Helium. The RELAP5models are modified to take the cyclic operation of the circulator, heat, exchanger, bypass, valves etc in to account. A sequence of operational phases is investigated, starting from the cold state through the heating phase that brings the system to a stand-by condition, followed by typical power cycles applied in ITER. The results show that the implemented control mechanisms keep the inlet temperature to the TBM and the total mass flow rate at the required values through all phases.
文摘Renewable power modules such as the thermoelectric generator and the PV panel are featured by low output voltage and low power.Aiming at maximum output power,a high energy efficiency module integrated converter(MIC),as shown in Fig.1,and its control strategy for series connected distributed(SCD)renewable power systems,as shown in Fig.2,are proposed.The topology of the MIC is an improved one of the conventional H-bridge Buck-Boost converter.
文摘In order to stabilize the video module to build digital image stabilization image sequence, a method of using inertial measurement system is proposed. Through applying real-time attitude in- formation of the camera that obtained by high-precision attitude sensor to estimate the image motion vector and then to compensate for image, the purpose of stabilizing the image sequence can be a- chieved. Experiments demonstrate that this method has a high image stabilization precision, and the up to 16 frame/s video output rate completely meets the real-time requirements.
