Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pell...Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.展开更多
Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for...Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.展开更多
Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,an...Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.展开更多
The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury.The post-transcriptional modification of N^(6)-methyladenosine is ubiqui...The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury.The post-transcriptional modification of N^(6)-methyladenosine is ubiquitous in the immune response of the central nervous system.The fat mass and obesity-related protein catalyzes the demethylation of N^(6)-methyladenosine modifications on mRNA and is widely expressed in various tissues,participating in the regulation of multiple diseases’biological processes.However,the role of fat mass and obesity in microglial activation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury is unclear.In this study,we found that the expression of fat mass and obesity was significantly down-regulated in both lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells and a traumatic brain injury mouse model.After fat mass and obesity interference,BV2 cells exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype as shown by the increased proportion of CD11b^(+)/CD86^(+)cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Fat mass and obesity-mediated N^(6)-methyladenosine demethylation accelerated the degradation of ADAM17 mRNA,while silencing of fat mass and obesity enhanced the stability of ADAM17 mRNA.Therefore,down-regulation of fat mass and obesity expression leads to the abnormally high expression of ADAM17 in microglia.These results indicate that the activation of microglia and neuroinflammatory response regulated by fat mass and obesity-related N^(6)-methyladenosine modification plays an important role in the pro-inflammatory process of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Pectin is a natural polysaccharide with a complex structure consisting of linear and branched regions rich in galacturonic acid.The growing interest in orange peel pectin can be attributed to its abundant supply.Accor...Pectin is a natural polysaccharide with a complex structure consisting of linear and branched regions rich in galacturonic acid.The growing interest in orange peel pectin can be attributed to its abundant supply.According to statistics,about 10 million tons of orange peel waste are produced worldwide each year.Traditionally,the extraction and utilization of pectin have focused on its gelling,thickening,and stabilizing properties in food.However,as more and more research teams have found that pectin has good biocompatibility,biodegradability and easy chemical modification,its potential in drug delivery systems,tissue engineering,and wound healing is gradually being explored.This review focuses on orange peel pectin polysaccharides and discusses its traditional and modern extraction techniques,especially the advanced method of subcritical water extraction.This study also outlines the structural modifications of pectin such as methylation and acetylation,and introduces its antioxidant and anticancer biological activities and their emerging roles in the development of advanced biomaterials such as bone tissue engineering and fibre pad dressings.展开更多
Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein ...Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.展开更多
With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization,the environment is deteriorating rapidly,and non-renewable energy resources are depleted.The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage techno...With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization,the environment is deteriorating rapidly,and non-renewable energy resources are depleted.The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage technologies is particularly urgent.Electrochemical energy storage technologies have been widely used in multiple fields,especially supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries,as vital elements of storing renewable energy.In recent years,two-dimensional material MXene has shown great potential in energy and multiple application fields thanks to its excellent electrical properties,large specific surface area,and tunability.Based on the layered materials of MXene,researchers have successfully achieved the dual functions of energy storage and conversion by adjusting the surface terminals at the Fermi level.It is worth noting that compared with other two-dimensional materials,MXene has more active sites on the basal plane,showing excellent catalytic performance.In contrast,other two-dimensional materials have catalytic activity only at the edge sites.This article comprehensively overviews the synthesis process,structural characteristics,modification methods for MXene-based polymer materials,and their applications in electrochemical energy storage.It also briefly discusses the potential of MXene-polymer materials in electromagnetic shielding technology and sensors and looks forward to future research directions.展开更多
Under the background of the current energy crisis and environmental pollution,the development of green and sustainable materials has become particularly urgent.As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth,cel...Under the background of the current energy crisis and environmental pollution,the development of green and sustainable materials has become particularly urgent.As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth,cellulose has attracted wide attention due to its green recycling,sustainable development,degradability,and low cost.Therefore,cellulose and its derivatives were used as the starting point for comprehensive analysis.First,the basic structural properties of cellulose were discussed,and then the extraction and utilization methods of cellulose were reviewed,including Sodium Hydroxide based solvent system,N,N-Dimethylacetamide/Lithium Chloride System,N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide(NMMO)system,ionic liquids(ILs)system,and deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.Then,the functional modification techniques of cellulose are introduced,including nano-modification,small molecule modification,and macromolecular modification.Finally,the potential applications of cellulose in the fields of reinforcement materials,self-healing materials,radioactive cooling,nanogenerators,and biomedicine were discussed.At the end of this paper,the challenges and future development direction of cellulose materials are prospectively analyzed,aiming at providing guidance and inspiration for the research and application in related fields.展开更多
In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,...In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,allowing them to target deep brain lesions.Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from different cell types may exert therapeutic effects by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cytokines,mRNAs,and disease-related proteins,thereby halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibiting beneficial effects.However,exosomes are composed of lipid bilayer membranes and lack the ability to recognize specific target cells.This limitation can lead to side effects and toxicity when they interact with non-specific cells.Growing evidence suggests that surface-modified exosomes have enhanced targeting capabilities and can be used as targeted drug-delivery vehicles that show promising results in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of existing research aimed at devising approaches to modify exosomes and elucidating their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.Our findings indicate that exosomes can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier to facilitate drug delivery and can also serve as early diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.We introduce the strategies being used to enhance exosome targeting,including genetic engineering,chemical modifications(both covalent,such as click chemistry and metabolic engineering,and non-covalent,such as polyvalent electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions,ligand-receptor binding,aptamer-based modifications,and the incorporation of CP05-anchored peptides),and nanomaterial modifications.Research into these strategies has confirmed that exosomes have significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.However,several challenges remain in the clinical application of exosomes.Improvements are needed in preparation,characterization,and optimization methods,as well as in reducing the adverse reactions associated with their use.Additionally,the range of applications and the safety of exosomes require further research and evaluation.展开更多
Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production has been considered as a promising strategy for H_(2)O_(2)synthesis due to its environmentally friendly.Among various photocatalysts,carbon nitride-based material...Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production has been considered as a promising strategy for H_(2)O_(2)synthesis due to its environmentally friendly.Among various photocatalysts,carbon nitride-based materials are excellent candidates for H_(2)O_(2)production because of their excellent visible-light response,low cost and high stability.In this review,we summarize in detail the research progress on the photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2)by carbon nitride.First,we summarize the basic principles of photocatalysis and photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production.Second,the classification and modification methods of carbonnitride-based materials are discussed,including morphology modulation,noble metal loading,defect control,heterojunction regulation,molecular structure engineering and elemental doping.Finally,the different in-situ applications of H_(2)O_(2)via photosynthesis were discussed,including disinfection and antibiotic resistant genes degradation,organic pollutants degradation,medical applications and fine chemical synthesis.This review brings great promise for in-situ H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis,which is expected to serve as a key component in future applications.展开更多
Chickpea(Cicer arietinum Linn.)is a widely cultivated edible legume worldwide.Starch is the major carbohydrate in chickpea seeds and amounts up to 50%of the dry matter.Compared with other legume starches and cereal st...Chickpea(Cicer arietinum Linn.)is a widely cultivated edible legume worldwide.Starch is the major carbohydrate in chickpea seeds and amounts up to 50%of the dry matter.Compared with other legume starches and cereal starches,there is a lack of systematic review on chickpea starch.Herein,this review summarized the extraction,composition,structure,properties,modification and food uses of chickpea starch.Literatures showed that chickpea starch exhibited unique molecular structures and functional properties differed from other starches from legumes,cereal and tubers.Moreover,chickpea starch has been found to have remarkable resistance to digestion.The chickpea resistant starch showed prebiotic effect and potential health benefits.To date,chickpea starch has been modified by physical,chemical,biological and dual modification methods to change its functional properties such as swelling power,solubility,thermal,pasting,gel textural properties,and digestibility,which are essential to widen its applications.In food sectors,chickpea starch could be used as fillings,thickeners,gelling agents or a source of resistant starch in various formulated foods.In the end,suggestions on how to deeply understand and exploit chickpea starch are proposed.展开更多
Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the e...Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the essential prerequisites for their successful clinical translation.Subsequently,a detailed review of magnesium-based materials is presented from five critical areas of alloying,fabrication techniques,purification,surface modification,and structural design,systematically addressing their progress in biodegradation rate retardation,mechanical reinforcement,and biocompatibility enhancement.Furthermore,recent breakthroughs in vivo animal experiments and clinical translation of magnesium alloys are summarized.Finally,this review concludes with a critical assessment of the achievements and challenges encountered in the clinical application of these materials,and proposes practical strategies to address current limitations and guide future research perspectives.展开更多
Viscose activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were characterized using specific surface area, scanning electron modified with chemical vapor deposition （CVD）. The samples were microscopy （SEM）, pore size distribution a...Viscose activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were characterized using specific surface area, scanning electron modified with chemical vapor deposition （CVD）. The samples were microscopy （SEM）, pore size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of modified ACFs for methyl orange（MO） from its aqueous solutions. The results show that the adsorption isotherms of MO onto modified ACFs well follows the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption kinetics of MO can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process involves the intra-particle diffusion, but is not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamic parameters including AG, AH and AS were calculated, suggesting that the adsorption of MO onto modified ACFs is a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption process. FTIR result indicates that the major adsorption mechanism of modified ACFs for MO is hydrogen bond.展开更多
Glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） is an endogenous insulinotropic hormone with excellent blood glucose-lowering activity, however, it is rapidly inactivated in the plasma mainly by dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV）. To...Glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） is an endogenous insulinotropic hormone with excellent blood glucose-lowering activity, however, it is rapidly inactivated in the plasma mainly by dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV）. To overcome this problem, various N-terminal modifications of GLP-1 have been performed to prolong the in vivo biological activity, by improving the DPP-IV resistance while retaining receptor affinity and receptor activation. These studies have included modifications of His7, Ala8 or Glu9 at the N-terminus of GLP-1 and some other modifications. Among them, Ala8 substitutions with glycine（Gly8） and α-aminoisobutyric acid（Aib8） have been clinically applied in the development of diabetic therapy, such as Exenatide, Semaglutide, Albiglutide and Taspoglutide. In this review, we introduce N-terminal modifications of GLP-1 that have been reported, and discuss their potential and challenges for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.展开更多
Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompa...Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.展开更多
Chitosan(CS)is the only natural alkaline polysaccharide originated from deacetylation of chitin that is the main component of shell from marine organisms.It has great potential medical application due to its broad-spe...Chitosan(CS)is the only natural alkaline polysaccharide originated from deacetylation of chitin that is the main component of shell from marine organisms.It has great potential medical application due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and good water solubility originated from its protonated amino groups under acidic condition and abundant hydroxyl groups.However,unprotonated NH_(2)group of CS leads to its poor solubility under physiological condition and limits its diverse applications.Therefore,it is highly necessary to summarize the modification strategies of CS derivatives systematically to help researchers select the most appropriate strategies for their specific applications.Herein,we have summarized the modification strategies of CS derivatives for improving their antimicrobial activity,water solubility,biocompatibility,and mechanical property by chemical reaction and physical integration.And then we have reviewed the CS derivatives in hydrogels,nanoparticles,or coatings for medical application in wound dressing,drug delivery,medical implant.Last but not the least,we have put forward the future perspectives of deep studies about structure-activity relationship and clinical applications of CS derivatives.展开更多
In this study, diphenyl sulfide(Ph2S) was employed to prepare a series of Ph2S-modified Pd/C catalysts(Pd–Ph2S/C). Catalyst characterization carried out by Brunner–Emmet–Teller(BET), energy dispersive spectrometer(...In this study, diphenyl sulfide(Ph2S) was employed to prepare a series of Ph2S-modified Pd/C catalysts(Pd–Ph2S/C). Catalyst characterization carried out by Brunner–Emmet–Teller(BET), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and CO chemisorption uptake measurements suggested a chemical interaction between Ph2 S and Pd. The ligand was preferably absorbed on the active site of Pd metal but after increasing the amount of Ph2 S, the adsorption of Ph2 S on Pd metal tended to be saturated and the excess of Ph2 S partially adsorbed on the activated carbon. A part of Pd atoms without adsorbing any Ph2 S still existed, even for the saturated Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst. The Pd–Ph2S/C catalysts exhibited a good selectivity of p-chloroaniline(p-CAN) in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene(p-CNB). However,the chemisorption between Ph2 S and Pd was not so strong that part of Ph2 S was leached from Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst during the hydrogenation, which caused the decline of the selectivity of p-CAN over the used Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst.Resulfidation of the used Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst was effective to resume its stability, and the regenerated Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst could be reused for at least ten runs with a stable catalytic performance.展开更多
As naturally sourced proteins,peanut proteins have garnered significant attention from the food industry,owing to their numerous advantages,such as easy extraction,non-pungency,and high bioavailability.Furthermore,pea...As naturally sourced proteins,peanut proteins have garnered significant attention from the food industry,owing to their numerous advantages,such as easy extraction,non-pungency,and high bioavailability.Furthermore,peanut proteins are highly digestible in the gastrointestinal tract and boast a high net protein utilization rate,making them an appealing protein source in food products and a promising alternative to animal protein.In this paper,the recent works on the extraction method,modification method,and application of peanut proteins were reviewed.Both advantages and disadvantages of current extraction and modification were discussed.Recently updated information about peanut protein research was summarized.Based on these,the prospection of peanut proteins research was presented,which may be instructive for future research in this field.Future research is still needed for accessible modification methods to develop the functional properties of peanut proteins.展开更多
Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) have been widely applied in biomaterials and show great biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In this review, the chemical reactions applied in CNC surface modification and their appli...Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) have been widely applied in biomaterials and show great biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In this review, the chemical reactions applied in CNC surface modification and their application in CNC based biomaterials are introduced. Furthermore, the conjugation of different functional molecules and nanostructures to the surface of CNCs are discussed, with focus on the binding modes, reaction conditions, and reaction mechanisms. With this introduction, we hope to provide a clear view of the strategies for surface modification of CNCs and their application in biomaterials, thus providing an overall picture of promising CNC-based biomaterials and their production.展开更多
α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organi...α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organic compounds with diverse structures.Herein,the advances in the research areas ofα-trifluoromethyl ketone synthesis and their defluorination reactions are reviewed.Discussion on the mechanisms of the typical reactions has also been provided,in hope of affording some guides to the chemistry ofα-trifluoromethyl ketones in the synthetic methods toward themselves and their derivatives.展开更多
基金financial support by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907801)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2023JJ40760)the Scientific and Technological Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory,China(No.YPML-2023050276)。
文摘Bentonite is a necessary binder in producing pellets.Its excessive use reduces the iron grade of pellets and increases production costs.Minimizing bentonite dosage is essential for producing high-quality iron ore pellets.Addressing the gap in the application of organically-intercalated modified bentonite in the pelletizing field,this study introduces an innovative modification process for bentonite that employs the synergistic effect of mechanical force and dimethyl sulfoxide to enhance the intercalation of organic compounds within bentonite,thus significantly enhancing its binding performance.The colloid value and swell capacity of modified bentonite(98.5 m L/3g and 55.0 m L/g)were much higher than the original bentonite(90.5 m L/3g and 17.5 m L/g).With the decrease of bentonite dosage from1.5wt%to 1.0wt%,the drop number of green pellets from a height of 0.5 m and the compressive strengths of roasted pellets using the modified bentonite(6.0 times and 2916 N per pellet)were significantly higher than those of the original bentonite(4.0 times and 2739 N per pellet).This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the intercalation modification mechanism of bentonite,offering crucial technical insights for the development of high-performance modified bentonite as iron ore pellet binders.
基金support from the Contract Research(“Development of Breathable Fabrics with Nano-Electrospun Membrane”,CityU ref.:9231419“Research and application of antibacterial and healing-promoting smart nanofiber dressing for children’s burn wounds”,CityU ref:PJ9240111)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(“Study of Multi-Responsive Shape Memory Polyurethane Nanocomposites Inspired by Natural Fibers”,Grant No.51673162)Startup Grant of CityU(“Laboratory of Wearable Materials for Healthcare”,Grant No.9380116).
文摘Radiative cooling systems(RCSs)possess the distinctive capability to dissipate heat energy via solar and thermal radiation,making them suitable for thermal regulation and energy conservation applications,essential for mitigating the energy crisis.A comprehensive review connecting the advancements in engineered radiative cooling systems(ERCSs),encompassing material and structural design as well as thermal and energy-related applications,is currently absent.Herein,this review begins with a concise summary of the essential concepts of ERCSs,followed by an introduction to engineered materials and structures,containing nature-inspired designs,chromatic materials,meta-structural configurations,and multilayered constructions.It subsequently encapsulates the primary applications,including thermal-regulating textiles and energy-saving devices.Next,it highlights the challenges of ERCSs,including maximized thermoregulatory effects,environmental adaptability,scalability and sustainability,and interdisciplinary integration.It seeks to offer direction for forthcoming fundamental research and industrial advancement of radiative cooling systems in real-world applications.
文摘Liver transplantation(LT)remains the optimal life-saving intervention for patients with end-stage liver disease.Despite the recent advances in LT several barriers,including organ allocation,donor-recipient matching,and patient education,persist.With the growing progress of artificial intelligence,particularly large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT,new applications have emerged in the field of LT.Current studies demonstrating usage of ChatGPT in LT include various areas of application,from clinical settings to research and education.ChatGPT usage can benefit both healthcare professionals,by decreasing the time spent on non-clinical work,but also LT recipients by providing accurate information.Future potential applications include the expanding usage of ChatGPT and other LLMs in the field of LT pathology and radiology as well as the automated creation of discharge summaries or other related paperwork.Additionally,the next models of ChatGPT might have the potential to provide more accurate patient education material with increased readability.Although ChatGPT usage presents promising applications,there are certain ethical and practical limitations.Key concerns include patient data privacy,information accuracy,misinformation possibility and lack of legal framework.Healthcare providers and policymakers should collaborate for the establishment of a controlled framework for the safe use of ChatGPT.The aim of this minireview is to summarize current literature on ChatGPT in LT,highlighting both opportunities and limitations,while also providing future possible applications.
基金supported by grants from the Major Projects of Health Science Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Scientist of Fujian Province,China,No.2022ZQNZD01010010the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371390Fujian Province Scientific Foundation,No.2023J01725(all to XC).
文摘The neuroinflammatory response mediated by microglial activation plays an important role in the secondary nerve injury of traumatic brain injury.The post-transcriptional modification of N^(6)-methyladenosine is ubiquitous in the immune response of the central nervous system.The fat mass and obesity-related protein catalyzes the demethylation of N^(6)-methyladenosine modifications on mRNA and is widely expressed in various tissues,participating in the regulation of multiple diseases’biological processes.However,the role of fat mass and obesity in microglial activation and the subsequent neuroinflammatory response after traumatic brain injury is unclear.In this study,we found that the expression of fat mass and obesity was significantly down-regulated in both lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells and a traumatic brain injury mouse model.After fat mass and obesity interference,BV2 cells exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype as shown by the increased proportion of CD11b^(+)/CD86^(+)cells and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines.Fat mass and obesity-mediated N^(6)-methyladenosine demethylation accelerated the degradation of ADAM17 mRNA,while silencing of fat mass and obesity enhanced the stability of ADAM17 mRNA.Therefore,down-regulation of fat mass and obesity expression leads to the abnormally high expression of ADAM17 in microglia.These results indicate that the activation of microglia and neuroinflammatory response regulated by fat mass and obesity-related N^(6)-methyladenosine modification plays an important role in the pro-inflammatory process of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury.
文摘Pectin is a natural polysaccharide with a complex structure consisting of linear and branched regions rich in galacturonic acid.The growing interest in orange peel pectin can be attributed to its abundant supply.According to statistics,about 10 million tons of orange peel waste are produced worldwide each year.Traditionally,the extraction and utilization of pectin have focused on its gelling,thickening,and stabilizing properties in food.However,as more and more research teams have found that pectin has good biocompatibility,biodegradability and easy chemical modification,its potential in drug delivery systems,tissue engineering,and wound healing is gradually being explored.This review focuses on orange peel pectin polysaccharides and discusses its traditional and modern extraction techniques,especially the advanced method of subcritical water extraction.This study also outlines the structural modifications of pectin such as methylation and acetylation,and introduces its antioxidant and anticancer biological activities and their emerging roles in the development of advanced biomaterials such as bone tissue engineering and fibre pad dressings.
基金supported by Applied Basic Research Joint Fund Project of Yunnan Province,No.202301AY070001-200Middle-aged Academic and Technical Training Project for High-Level Talents,No.202105AC160065+1 种基金Yunnan Clinical Medical Center for Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases,No.YWLCYXZX2023300077Key Clinical Specialty of Neurology in Yunnan Province,No.300064(all to CL)。
文摘Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention.Many essential life processes and the onset of diseases are not only related to protein abundance but are also primarily regulated by various post-translational protein modifications.Lactate,once considered merely a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism,has emerged as a crucial energy substrate and signaling molecule involved in both physiological and pathological processes within the nervous system.Furthermore,recent studies have emphasized the significant role of lactate in numerous neurological diseases,including Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,acute cerebral ischemic stroke,multiple sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and myasthenia gravis.The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases,aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential therapeutic targets.As such,this work provides an overview of the metabolic regulatory roles of lactate in various disorders,emphasizing its involvement in the regulation of brain function.Additionally,the specific mechanisms of brain lactate metabolism are discussed,suggesting the unique roles of lactate in modulating brain function.As a critical aspect of lactate function,lactylation modifications,including both histone and non-histone lactylation,are explored,with an emphasis on recent advancements in identifying the key regulatory enzymes of such modifications,such as lactylation writers and erasers.The effects and specific mechanisms of abnormal lactate metabolism in diverse neurological diseases are summarized,revealing that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of brain functions and that abnormal lactate metabolism is implicated in the progression of various neurological disorders.Future research should focus on further elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying lactate and lactylation modifications and exploring their potential as therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in the Shaanxi Province of China(No.2023-JC-ZD-25)Shaanxi Province(Qin ChuangYuan)“Scientist+Engineer”Team Building(No.2022KXJ-040)+1 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Key Scientific Research Project(No.22JY024)Science and Technology Guidance Project Plan of China National Textile and Apparel Council(No.2022038,2023018).
文摘With the acceleration of advanced industrialization and urbanization,the environment is deteriorating rapidly,and non-renewable energy resources are depleted.The gradual advent of potential clean energy storage technologies is particularly urgent.Electrochemical energy storage technologies have been widely used in multiple fields,especially supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries,as vital elements of storing renewable energy.In recent years,two-dimensional material MXene has shown great potential in energy and multiple application fields thanks to its excellent electrical properties,large specific surface area,and tunability.Based on the layered materials of MXene,researchers have successfully achieved the dual functions of energy storage and conversion by adjusting the surface terminals at the Fermi level.It is worth noting that compared with other two-dimensional materials,MXene has more active sites on the basal plane,showing excellent catalytic performance.In contrast,other two-dimensional materials have catalytic activity only at the edge sites.This article comprehensively overviews the synthesis process,structural characteristics,modification methods for MXene-based polymer materials,and their applications in electrochemical energy storage.It also briefly discusses the potential of MXene-polymer materials in electromagnetic shielding technology and sensors and looks forward to future research directions.
基金supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20134420120009)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong(2014A010105047)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(201707010367).
文摘Under the background of the current energy crisis and environmental pollution,the development of green and sustainable materials has become particularly urgent.As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth,cellulose has attracted wide attention due to its green recycling,sustainable development,degradability,and low cost.Therefore,cellulose and its derivatives were used as the starting point for comprehensive analysis.First,the basic structural properties of cellulose were discussed,and then the extraction and utilization methods of cellulose were reviewed,including Sodium Hydroxide based solvent system,N,N-Dimethylacetamide/Lithium Chloride System,N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide(NMMO)system,ionic liquids(ILs)system,and deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.Then,the functional modification techniques of cellulose are introduced,including nano-modification,small molecule modification,and macromolecular modification.Finally,the potential applications of cellulose in the fields of reinforcement materials,self-healing materials,radioactive cooling,nanogenerators,and biomedicine were discussed.At the end of this paper,the challenges and future development direction of cellulose materials are prospectively analyzed,aiming at providing guidance and inspiration for the research and application in related fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.22103055(to JG)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.F2024110001(to HC)Open Project of Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and System,Nos.2024LODTS215(to NL),2024LODTS216(to XS).
文摘In recent years,exosomes have garnered extensive attention as therapeutic agents and early diagnostic markers in neurodegenerative disease research.Exosomes are small and can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier,allowing them to target deep brain lesions.Recent studies have demonstrated that exosomes derived from different cell types may exert therapeutic effects by regulating the expression of various inflammatory cytokines,mRNAs,and disease-related proteins,thereby halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and exhibiting beneficial effects.However,exosomes are composed of lipid bilayer membranes and lack the ability to recognize specific target cells.This limitation can lead to side effects and toxicity when they interact with non-specific cells.Growing evidence suggests that surface-modified exosomes have enhanced targeting capabilities and can be used as targeted drug-delivery vehicles that show promising results in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.In this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of existing research aimed at devising approaches to modify exosomes and elucidating their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.Our findings indicate that exosomes can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier to facilitate drug delivery and can also serve as early diagnostic markers for neurodegenerative diseases.We introduce the strategies being used to enhance exosome targeting,including genetic engineering,chemical modifications(both covalent,such as click chemistry and metabolic engineering,and non-covalent,such as polyvalent electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions,ligand-receptor binding,aptamer-based modifications,and the incorporation of CP05-anchored peptides),and nanomaterial modifications.Research into these strategies has confirmed that exosomes have significant therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.However,several challenges remain in the clinical application of exosomes.Improvements are needed in preparation,characterization,and optimization methods,as well as in reducing the adverse reactions associated with their use.Additionally,the range of applications and the safety of exosomes require further research and evaluation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3705901)。
文摘Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production has been considered as a promising strategy for H_(2)O_(2)synthesis due to its environmentally friendly.Among various photocatalysts,carbon nitride-based materials are excellent candidates for H_(2)O_(2)production because of their excellent visible-light response,low cost and high stability.In this review,we summarize in detail the research progress on the photocatalytic production of H_(2)O_(2)by carbon nitride.First,we summarize the basic principles of photocatalysis and photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)production.Second,the classification and modification methods of carbonnitride-based materials are discussed,including morphology modulation,noble metal loading,defect control,heterojunction regulation,molecular structure engineering and elemental doping.Finally,the different in-situ applications of H_(2)O_(2)via photosynthesis were discussed,including disinfection and antibiotic resistant genes degradation,organic pollutants degradation,medical applications and fine chemical synthesis.This review brings great promise for in-situ H_(2)O_(2)photosynthesis,which is expected to serve as a key component in future applications.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272239)Demonstration Project of Sichuan Province for the Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements(2024ZHCG0079)+1 种基金Chongqing Technological Innovation Alliance for Agricultural Products Processing Industry(CTIA-APPI 2024-2-1)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100101).
文摘Chickpea(Cicer arietinum Linn.)is a widely cultivated edible legume worldwide.Starch is the major carbohydrate in chickpea seeds and amounts up to 50%of the dry matter.Compared with other legume starches and cereal starches,there is a lack of systematic review on chickpea starch.Herein,this review summarized the extraction,composition,structure,properties,modification and food uses of chickpea starch.Literatures showed that chickpea starch exhibited unique molecular structures and functional properties differed from other starches from legumes,cereal and tubers.Moreover,chickpea starch has been found to have remarkable resistance to digestion.The chickpea resistant starch showed prebiotic effect and potential health benefits.To date,chickpea starch has been modified by physical,chemical,biological and dual modification methods to change its functional properties such as swelling power,solubility,thermal,pasting,gel textural properties,and digestibility,which are essential to widen its applications.In food sectors,chickpea starch could be used as fillings,thickeners,gelling agents or a source of resistant starch in various formulated foods.In the end,suggestions on how to deeply understand and exploit chickpea starch are proposed.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A0505040016 and 2023A0505050148)National Key Research and Development Project of China(2023YFB3809900/2023YFB3809902)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515010026)。
文摘Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the essential prerequisites for their successful clinical translation.Subsequently,a detailed review of magnesium-based materials is presented from five critical areas of alloying,fabrication techniques,purification,surface modification,and structural design,systematically addressing their progress in biodegradation rate retardation,mechanical reinforcement,and biocompatibility enhancement.Furthermore,recent breakthroughs in vivo animal experiments and clinical translation of magnesium alloys are summarized.Finally,this review concludes with a critical assessment of the achievements and challenges encountered in the clinical application of these materials,and proposes practical strategies to address current limitations and guide future research perspectives.
基金Project (50802115) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2010FJ4075) supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province, China+1 种基金Project (CDJJ-10010205) supported by the Science Foundation of Changsha University, ChinaProject supported by the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province, China
文摘Viscose activated carbon fibers （ACFs） were characterized using specific surface area, scanning electron modified with chemical vapor deposition （CVD）. The samples were microscopy （SEM）, pore size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of modified ACFs for methyl orange（MO） from its aqueous solutions. The results show that the adsorption isotherms of MO onto modified ACFs well follows the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption kinetics of MO can be well described by the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process involves the intra-particle diffusion, but is not the only rate-controlling step. Thermodynamic parameters including AG, AH and AS were calculated, suggesting that the adsorption of MO onto modified ACFs is a spontaneous, exothermic and physisorption process. FTIR result indicates that the major adsorption mechanism of modified ACFs for MO is hydrogen bond.
文摘Glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） is an endogenous insulinotropic hormone with excellent blood glucose-lowering activity, however, it is rapidly inactivated in the plasma mainly by dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP-IV）. To overcome this problem, various N-terminal modifications of GLP-1 have been performed to prolong the in vivo biological activity, by improving the DPP-IV resistance while retaining receptor affinity and receptor activation. These studies have included modifications of His7, Ala8 or Glu9 at the N-terminus of GLP-1 and some other modifications. Among them, Ala8 substitutions with glycine（Gly8） and α-aminoisobutyric acid（Aib8） have been clinically applied in the development of diabetic therapy, such as Exenatide, Semaglutide, Albiglutide and Taspoglutide. In this review, we introduce N-terminal modifications of GLP-1 that have been reported, and discuss their potential and challenges for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
基金Project(AA18242008)supported by the Guangxi Science&Technology Major Project,ChinaProject(HZXYKFKT201904)supported by the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization,China。
文摘Calcium carbonate,which is widely employed as a filler added into the polymer matrix,has large numbers of applications owing to the excellent properties such as low cost,non-toxicity,high natural reserves and biocompatibility.Nevertheless,in order to obtain the good filling effect,calcium carbonate needs to be surface modified by organic molecules so as to enhance the dispersion and compatibility within the composites.This review paper systematically introduces the theory,methods,and applications progress of calcium carbonate with surface modification.Additionally,the key factors that affect the properties of the composites as well as the current difficulties and challenges are highlighted.The current research progress and potential application prospects of calcium carbonate in the fields of plastics,rubber,paper,medicine and environmental protection are discussed as well.Generally,this review can provide valuable reference for the modification and comprehensive utilization of calcium carbonate.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51573097 and 51773117)。
文摘Chitosan(CS)is the only natural alkaline polysaccharide originated from deacetylation of chitin that is the main component of shell from marine organisms.It has great potential medical application due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and good water solubility originated from its protonated amino groups under acidic condition and abundant hydroxyl groups.However,unprotonated NH_(2)group of CS leads to its poor solubility under physiological condition and limits its diverse applications.Therefore,it is highly necessary to summarize the modification strategies of CS derivatives systematically to help researchers select the most appropriate strategies for their specific applications.Herein,we have summarized the modification strategies of CS derivatives for improving their antimicrobial activity,water solubility,biocompatibility,and mechanical property by chemical reaction and physical integration.And then we have reviewed the CS derivatives in hydrogels,nanoparticles,or coatings for medical application in wound dressing,drug delivery,medical implant.Last but not the least,we have put forward the future perspectives of deep studies about structure-activity relationship and clinical applications of CS derivatives.
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB710800)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY12B03009)
文摘In this study, diphenyl sulfide(Ph2S) was employed to prepare a series of Ph2S-modified Pd/C catalysts(Pd–Ph2S/C). Catalyst characterization carried out by Brunner–Emmet–Teller(BET), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and CO chemisorption uptake measurements suggested a chemical interaction between Ph2 S and Pd. The ligand was preferably absorbed on the active site of Pd metal but after increasing the amount of Ph2 S, the adsorption of Ph2 S on Pd metal tended to be saturated and the excess of Ph2 S partially adsorbed on the activated carbon. A part of Pd atoms without adsorbing any Ph2 S still existed, even for the saturated Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst. The Pd–Ph2S/C catalysts exhibited a good selectivity of p-chloroaniline(p-CAN) in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene(p-CNB). However,the chemisorption between Ph2 S and Pd was not so strong that part of Ph2 S was leached from Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst during the hydrogenation, which caused the decline of the selectivity of p-CAN over the used Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst.Resulfidation of the used Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst was effective to resume its stability, and the regenerated Pd–Ph2S/C catalyst could be reused for at least ten runs with a stable catalytic performance.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province[grant number ZR2020QC218]Key R&D plan of Shandong Province[grant number 2019YYSP005]+2 种基金Major Science and Technology Projects of Shandong Province[grant number2019JZZY010722]Qingdao Municipal Science and Technology Benefit People Project[grant number 20-3-4-34-nsh]Breeding Plan of Shandong Provincial Qingchuang Research Team[grant number 2021-Innovation Team of Functional Plant Protein-Based Food]。
文摘As naturally sourced proteins,peanut proteins have garnered significant attention from the food industry,owing to their numerous advantages,such as easy extraction,non-pungency,and high bioavailability.Furthermore,peanut proteins are highly digestible in the gastrointestinal tract and boast a high net protein utilization rate,making them an appealing protein source in food products and a promising alternative to animal protein.In this paper,the recent works on the extraction method,modification method,and application of peanut proteins were reviewed.Both advantages and disadvantages of current extraction and modification were discussed.Recently updated information about peanut protein research was summarized.Based on these,the prospection of peanut proteins research was presented,which may be instructive for future research in this field.Future research is still needed for accessible modification methods to develop the functional properties of peanut proteins.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51373131)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2016A017,XDJK2016C033,and WUT-2014-II-009)+1 种基金Project of Basic Science and Advanced Technology Research,Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(cstc2016,jcyjA0796)the Talent Project of Southwest University(SWU115034)
文摘Cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) have been widely applied in biomaterials and show great biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In this review, the chemical reactions applied in CNC surface modification and their application in CNC based biomaterials are introduced. Furthermore, the conjugation of different functional molecules and nanostructures to the surface of CNCs are discussed, with focus on the binding modes, reaction conditions, and reaction mechanisms. With this introduction, we hope to provide a clear view of the strategies for surface modification of CNCs and their application in biomaterials, thus providing an overall picture of promising CNC-based biomaterials and their production.
文摘α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organic compounds with diverse structures.Herein,the advances in the research areas ofα-trifluoromethyl ketone synthesis and their defluorination reactions are reviewed.Discussion on the mechanisms of the typical reactions has also been provided,in hope of affording some guides to the chemistry ofα-trifluoromethyl ketones in the synthetic methods toward themselves and their derivatives.
