With the development of computer technology, embedded control system plays an important role in modern industry. For the embedded system, traditional development methods are time-consuming and system is not easy to ma...With the development of computer technology, embedded control system plays an important role in modern industry. For the embedded system, traditional development methods are time-consuming and system is not easy to maintain. Domain-specific modeling provides a solution for the problems. In this paper, we proposed development architecture for embedded control systems based on MIC. GME is used to construct meta-model and application model, model in-terpreter interprets model and stores model information in xml format document. The final cross-platform codes are automatically generated by different templates and xml format document. This development method can reduce time and cost in the lifecycle of system development.展开更多
We study the detailed malicious code propagating process in scale-free networks with link weights that denotes traffic between two nodes. It is found that the propagating velocity reaches a peak rapidly then decays in...We study the detailed malicious code propagating process in scale-free networks with link weights that denotes traffic between two nodes. It is found that the propagating velocity reaches a peak rapidly then decays in a power-law form, which is different from the well-known result in unweighted network case. Simulation results show that the nodes with larger strength are preferential to be infected, but the hierarchical dynamics are not clearly found. The simulation results also show that larger dispersion of weight of networks leads to slower propagating, which indicates that malicious code propagates more quickly in unweighted scale-free networks than in weighted scale-free networks under the same condition. These results show that not only the topology of networks but also the link weights affect the malicious propagating process.展开更多
Smart contracts,which automatically execute on decentralized platforms like Ethereum,require high security and low gas consumption.As a result,developers have a strong demand for semantic code search tools that utiliz...Smart contracts,which automatically execute on decentralized platforms like Ethereum,require high security and low gas consumption.As a result,developers have a strong demand for semantic code search tools that utilize natural language queries to efficiently search for existing code snippets.However,existing code search models face a semantic gap between code and queries,which requires a large amount of training data.In this paper,we propose a fine-tuning approach to bridge the semantic gap in code search and improve the search accuracy.We collect 80723 different pairs of<comment,code snippet>from Etherscan.io and use these pairs to fine-tune,validate,and test the pre-trained CodeBERT model.Using the fine-tuned model,we develop a code search engine specifically for smart contracts.We evaluate the Recall@k and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR)of the fine-tuned CodeBERT model using different proportions of the finetuned data.It is encouraging that even a small amount of fine-tuned data can produce satisfactory results.In addition,we perform a comparative analysis between the fine-tuned CodeBERT model and the two state-of-the-art models.The experimental results show that the finetuned CodeBERT model has superior performance in terms of Recall@k and MRR.These findings highlight the effectiveness of our finetuning approach and its potential to significantly improve the code search accuracy.展开更多
With the development of human society,the social hub enlarges beyond one community to the extent that the world is deemed as a community as a whole.Communication,therefore,plays an increasingly important role in our d...With the development of human society,the social hub enlarges beyond one community to the extent that the world is deemed as a community as a whole.Communication,therefore,plays an increasingly important role in our daily life.As a consequence,communication model or the definition of which is not so much a definition as a guide in communication.However,some existed communication models are not as practical as it was.This paper tries to make an overall contrast among three communication models——Coded Model,Gable's Communication Model and Ostensive Inferential Model,to see how they assist people to comprehend verbal and non-verbal communication.展开更多
Firstly, studies on propagation of one-dimensional normally incident wave in rock mass containing no joint, a single joint and two parallel joints were conducted by Three Dimensional Distinct Element Codes(3DEC). By c...Firstly, studies on propagation of one-dimensional normally incident wave in rock mass containing no joint, a single joint and two parallel joints were conducted by Three Dimensional Distinct Element Codes(3DEC). By comparison of the modeling results with the theoretical solutions, it has been found that a good agreement between them has been achieved. It is verified that the 3DEC is capable of modeling wave propagation in rock masses. Secondly, propagation of normally incident P-wave across two parallel joints was studied. The modeling results show that transmission coefficient increases with the increasing ratio of joint spacing to wavelength at first, then decreases with the increasing ratio of joint spacing to wavelength, lastly keeps constant. Finally, effect of interlayer on wave propagation is investigated. It is shown that interlayer results in marked attenuation and leading phase, and that attenuation increases with the increasing frequency and the increasing thickness of interlayer.展开更多
he objective of the research is to develop a fast procedure for segmenting typical videophone images. In this paper, a new approach to color image segmentation based on HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color model is r...he objective of the research is to develop a fast procedure for segmenting typical videophone images. In this paper, a new approach to color image segmentation based on HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color model is reported. It is in contrast to the conventional approaches by using the three components of HSI color model in succession. This strategy makes the segmentation procedure much fast and effective. Experimental results with typical “headandshoulders” real images taken from videophone sequences show that the new appproach can fulfill the application requirements.展开更多
In order to further improve the efficiency of video compression, we introduce a perceptual characteristics of Human Visual System (HVS) to video coding, and propose a novel video coding rate control algorithm based on...In order to further improve the efficiency of video compression, we introduce a perceptual characteristics of Human Visual System (HVS) to video coding, and propose a novel video coding rate control algorithm based on human visual saliency model in H.264/AVC. Firstly, we modifie Itti's saliency model. Secondly, target bits of each frame are allocated through the correlation of saliency region between the current and previous frame, and the complexity of each MB is modified through the saliency value and its Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) value. Lastly, the algorithm was implemented in JVT JM12.2. Simulation results show that, comparing with traditional rate control algorithm, the proposed one can reduce the coding bit rate and improve the reconstructed video subjective quality, especially for visual saliency region. It is very suitable for wireless video transmission.展开更多
Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.Howeve...Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.However,the entire code transformation process has encountered a time-consuming problem.Therefore,the objective of this study is to speed up the code transformation process signicantly.This paper has proposed deep learning approaches for modifying SH using a variational simhash(VSH)algorithm and replacing LCS with a piecewise longest common subsequence(PLCS)algorithm to faster the verication process in the test phase.Besides the code transformation model GPT-2,this study has also introduced MicrosoMASS and Facebook BART for a comparative analysis of their performance.Meanwhile,the explainable AI technique using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)can also interpret the decision-making ofAImodels.The experimental results show that VSH can reduce the number of qualied programs by 22.11%,and PLCS can reduce the execution time of selected pocket programs by 32.39%.As a result,the proposed approaches can signicantly speed up the entire code transformation process by 1.38 times on average compared with our previous work.展开更多
The paper gives an insight into the behaviour of large underground caverns which are subjected to blast loads. Caverns are generally constructed in hard rock formation which compels us to use blasting methods for the ...The paper gives an insight into the behaviour of large underground caverns which are subjected to blast loads. Caverns are generally constructed in hard rock formation which compels us to use blasting methods for the excavation works. Comparative study was done between models with intact rock mass and discontinuities to assess the stability of cavern as a result of blast loads. Numerical modelling was performed with 3 dimensional distinct element code(3 DEC) to analyse the performance of cavern walls in terms of displacement and to compute peak particle velocities(PPV) both around the cavern periphery and at surface of models. Results showed that the velocity wave with higher frequency exhibited large displacements around the periphery of cavern. Computation of PPV showed that model with horizontal joint sets showed lower PPV in comparison to model with intact rock mass. PPV values were also analysed on the surface for model consisting vertical joints spaced at 4 m intervals. Comparative study of PPV on surface vertically above the blast location between models with horizontal joints spaced at 4 m and vertical joints at 4 m intervals were conducted. Results depicted higher magnitudes of PPV for model with vertical joints in comparison to model with horizontal joints.展开更多
Short residence time of the sorbent in the gas stream and formation of a dense layer of reaction product surrounding its surface influence the sulfur removal efficiency. A practical means of improving the process perf...Short residence time of the sorbent in the gas stream and formation of a dense layer of reaction product surrounding its surface influence the sulfur removal efficiency. A practical means of improving the process performance is to employ fluidized bed reaction in replacement of entrained bed reaction on normally used in cool side desulfurizaiton. This paper describes cold modeling study of a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Several aspects of the problem are discussed: fluidization behavior of CaO, attrition of the sorbent and solids entrainment from the fluidized bed. Mechanisms and key controlling parameters are identified, and an integral model based on rate of attrition and mass balance is developed for predicting steady state mass flows and particle size distributions of the system. A process flow scheme is finally presented for conducting desulfurization tests in the second stage of the study.展开更多
In the past 30 years, code-switching has been a focus in the field of linguistics in western countries. Researchers stud?ied it from different angles and have made a lot of findings.However, the researchers in China b...In the past 30 years, code-switching has been a focus in the field of linguistics in western countries. Researchers stud?ied it from different angles and have made a lot of findings.However, the researchers in China begin their studies on this issue un?til the last decade. Thus,the relevent empirical studies were less and most of them only use students from the classrooms in the sec?ondary schools or the undergraduates in the universities as the subjects.They paid little attention to the EFL classrooms in the vo?cational colleges. Vocational college students are poor in English foundation. English teachers can not finish their teaching mission in English classroom, so the use of code-switching becomes a very common phenomenon in EFL class of vocational college. In order to make teaching and learning promote and enhance each other, according to previous research findings, this paper do a fur?ther study about the teachers' use of code switching in the vocational college English intensive reading classes in China.展开更多
Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese C...Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.展开更多
To make the multiple descriptions codec adaptive to the packet loss rate, which can minimize the final distortion, a novel adaptive multiple descriptions sinusoidal coder （AMDSC） is proposed, which is based on a sin...To make the multiple descriptions codec adaptive to the packet loss rate, which can minimize the final distortion, a novel adaptive multiple descriptions sinusoidal coder （AMDSC） is proposed, which is based on a sinusoidal model and a noise model. Firstly, the sinusoidal parameters are extracted in the sinusoidal model, and ordered in a decrease manner. Odd indexed and even indexed parameters are divided into two descriptions. Secondly, the output vector from the noise model is split vector quantized. And the two sub-vectors are placed into two descriptions too. Finally, the number of the extracted parameters and the redundancy between the two descriptions are adjusted according to the packet loss rate of the network. Analytical and experimental resuits show that the proposed AMDSC outperforms existing MD speech coders by taking network loss characteristics into account. Therefore, it is very suitable for unreliable channels展开更多
文摘With the development of computer technology, embedded control system plays an important role in modern industry. For the embedded system, traditional development methods are time-consuming and system is not easy to maintain. Domain-specific modeling provides a solution for the problems. In this paper, we proposed development architecture for embedded control systems based on MIC. GME is used to construct meta-model and application model, model in-terpreter interprets model and stores model information in xml format document. The final cross-platform codes are automatically generated by different templates and xml format document. This development method can reduce time and cost in the lifecycle of system development.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (90204012, 60573036) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (F2006000177)
文摘We study the detailed malicious code propagating process in scale-free networks with link weights that denotes traffic between two nodes. It is found that the propagating velocity reaches a peak rapidly then decays in a power-law form, which is different from the well-known result in unweighted network case. Simulation results show that the nodes with larger strength are preferential to be infected, but the hierarchical dynamics are not clearly found. The simulation results also show that larger dispersion of weight of networks leads to slower propagating, which indicates that malicious code propagates more quickly in unweighted scale-free networks than in weighted scale-free networks under the same condition. These results show that not only the topology of networks but also the link weights affect the malicious propagating process.
基金Supported by Jiangxi Higher Education and Teaching Reform Project(JXJG-20-24-2)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Education Department(GJJ212023)Jiangxi University of Technology Education and Teaching Reform Project(JY2104)
文摘Smart contracts,which automatically execute on decentralized platforms like Ethereum,require high security and low gas consumption.As a result,developers have a strong demand for semantic code search tools that utilize natural language queries to efficiently search for existing code snippets.However,existing code search models face a semantic gap between code and queries,which requires a large amount of training data.In this paper,we propose a fine-tuning approach to bridge the semantic gap in code search and improve the search accuracy.We collect 80723 different pairs of<comment,code snippet>from Etherscan.io and use these pairs to fine-tune,validate,and test the pre-trained CodeBERT model.Using the fine-tuned model,we develop a code search engine specifically for smart contracts.We evaluate the Recall@k and Mean Reciprocal Rank(MRR)of the fine-tuned CodeBERT model using different proportions of the finetuned data.It is encouraging that even a small amount of fine-tuned data can produce satisfactory results.In addition,we perform a comparative analysis between the fine-tuned CodeBERT model and the two state-of-the-art models.The experimental results show that the finetuned CodeBERT model has superior performance in terms of Recall@k and MRR.These findings highlight the effectiveness of our finetuning approach and its potential to significantly improve the code search accuracy.
文摘With the development of human society,the social hub enlarges beyond one community to the extent that the world is deemed as a community as a whole.Communication,therefore,plays an increasingly important role in our daily life.As a consequence,communication model or the definition of which is not so much a definition as a guide in communication.However,some existed communication models are not as practical as it was.This paper tries to make an overall contrast among three communication models——Coded Model,Gable's Communication Model and Ostensive Inferential Model,to see how they assist people to comprehend verbal and non-verbal communication.
基金Major projects(50490272, 50490274) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (2002CB412703) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Firstly, studies on propagation of one-dimensional normally incident wave in rock mass containing no joint, a single joint and two parallel joints were conducted by Three Dimensional Distinct Element Codes(3DEC). By comparison of the modeling results with the theoretical solutions, it has been found that a good agreement between them has been achieved. It is verified that the 3DEC is capable of modeling wave propagation in rock masses. Secondly, propagation of normally incident P-wave across two parallel joints was studied. The modeling results show that transmission coefficient increases with the increasing ratio of joint spacing to wavelength at first, then decreases with the increasing ratio of joint spacing to wavelength, lastly keeps constant. Finally, effect of interlayer on wave propagation is investigated. It is shown that interlayer results in marked attenuation and leading phase, and that attenuation increases with the increasing frequency and the increasing thickness of interlayer.
文摘he objective of the research is to develop a fast procedure for segmenting typical videophone images. In this paper, a new approach to color image segmentation based on HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) color model is reported. It is in contrast to the conventional approaches by using the three components of HSI color model in succession. This strategy makes the segmentation procedure much fast and effective. Experimental results with typical “headandshoulders” real images taken from videophone sequences show that the new appproach can fulfill the application requirements.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.610700800973 Sub-Program Projects under Grant No.2009CB320906+3 种基金National Science and Technology of Major Special Projects under Grant No.2010ZX03004-003S&T Planning Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education under Grant No. Q20112805H&SPlanning Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education under Grant No.2011jyte142Science Foundation of HubeiProvincial under Grant No.2010CDB05103
文摘In order to further improve the efficiency of video compression, we introduce a perceptual characteristics of Human Visual System (HVS) to video coding, and propose a novel video coding rate control algorithm based on human visual saliency model in H.264/AVC. Firstly, we modifie Itti's saliency model. Secondly, target bits of each frame are allocated through the correlation of saliency region between the current and previous frame, and the complexity of each MB is modified through the saliency value and its Mean Absolute Difference (MAD) value. Lastly, the algorithm was implemented in JVT JM12.2. Simulation results show that, comparing with traditional rate control algorithm, the proposed one can reduce the coding bit rate and improve the reconstructed video subjective quality, especially for visual saliency region. It is very suitable for wireless video transmission.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,under Grant Nos.MOST 111-2221-E-390-012 and MOST 111-2622-E-390-001.
文摘Our previous work has introduced the newly generated program using the code transformation model GPT-2,verifying the generated programming codes through simhash(SH)and longest common subsequence(LCS)algo-rithms.However,the entire code transformation process has encountered a time-consuming problem.Therefore,the objective of this study is to speed up the code transformation process signicantly.This paper has proposed deep learning approaches for modifying SH using a variational simhash(VSH)algorithm and replacing LCS with a piecewise longest common subsequence(PLCS)algorithm to faster the verication process in the test phase.Besides the code transformation model GPT-2,this study has also introduced MicrosoMASS and Facebook BART for a comparative analysis of their performance.Meanwhile,the explainable AI technique using local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME)can also interpret the decision-making ofAImodels.The experimental results show that VSH can reduce the number of qualied programs by 22.11%,and PLCS can reduce the execution time of selected pocket programs by 32.39%.As a result,the proposed approaches can signicantly speed up the entire code transformation process by 1.38 times on average compared with our previous work.
文摘The paper gives an insight into the behaviour of large underground caverns which are subjected to blast loads. Caverns are generally constructed in hard rock formation which compels us to use blasting methods for the excavation works. Comparative study was done between models with intact rock mass and discontinuities to assess the stability of cavern as a result of blast loads. Numerical modelling was performed with 3 dimensional distinct element code(3 DEC) to analyse the performance of cavern walls in terms of displacement and to compute peak particle velocities(PPV) both around the cavern periphery and at surface of models. Results showed that the velocity wave with higher frequency exhibited large displacements around the periphery of cavern. Computation of PPV showed that model with horizontal joint sets showed lower PPV in comparison to model with intact rock mass. PPV values were also analysed on the surface for model consisting vertical joints spaced at 4 m intervals. Comparative study of PPV on surface vertically above the blast location between models with horizontal joints spaced at 4 m and vertical joints at 4 m intervals were conducted. Results depicted higher magnitudes of PPV for model with vertical joints in comparison to model with horizontal joints.
文摘Short residence time of the sorbent in the gas stream and formation of a dense layer of reaction product surrounding its surface influence the sulfur removal efficiency. A practical means of improving the process performance is to employ fluidized bed reaction in replacement of entrained bed reaction on normally used in cool side desulfurizaiton. This paper describes cold modeling study of a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Several aspects of the problem are discussed: fluidization behavior of CaO, attrition of the sorbent and solids entrainment from the fluidized bed. Mechanisms and key controlling parameters are identified, and an integral model based on rate of attrition and mass balance is developed for predicting steady state mass flows and particle size distributions of the system. A process flow scheme is finally presented for conducting desulfurization tests in the second stage of the study.
文摘In the past 30 years, code-switching has been a focus in the field of linguistics in western countries. Researchers stud?ied it from different angles and have made a lot of findings.However, the researchers in China begin their studies on this issue un?til the last decade. Thus,the relevent empirical studies were less and most of them only use students from the classrooms in the sec?ondary schools or the undergraduates in the universities as the subjects.They paid little attention to the EFL classrooms in the vo?cational colleges. Vocational college students are poor in English foundation. English teachers can not finish their teaching mission in English classroom, so the use of code-switching becomes a very common phenomenon in EFL class of vocational college. In order to make teaching and learning promote and enhance each other, according to previous research findings, this paper do a fur?ther study about the teachers' use of code switching in the vocational college English intensive reading classes in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.51108105,90815029,50938006 Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China Under Grant No.20094410120002+3 种基金 Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No.90815027Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period Under Grant No.2009BAJ28B03Fund for High School in Guangzhou (10A057)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science(2011KB15)
文摘Following several damaging earthquakes in China, research has been devoted to find the causes of the collapse of reinforced concrete （RC） building sand studying the vulnerability of existing buildings. The Chinese Code for Seismic Design of Buildings （CCSDB） has evolved over time, however, there is still reported earthquake induced damage of newly designed RC buildings. Thus, to investigate modern Chinese seismic design code, three low-, mid- and high-rise RC frames were designed according to the 2010 CCSDB and the corresponding vulnerability curves were derived by computing a probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM）.The PSDM was computed by carrying out nonlinear time history analysis using thirty ground motions obtained from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. Finally, the PSDM was used to generate fragility curves for immediate occupancy, significant damage, and collapse prevention damage levels. Results of the vulnerability assessment indicate that the seismic demands on the three different frames designed according to the 2010 CCSDB meet the seismic requirements and are almost in the same safety level.
文摘To make the multiple descriptions codec adaptive to the packet loss rate, which can minimize the final distortion, a novel adaptive multiple descriptions sinusoidal coder （AMDSC） is proposed, which is based on a sinusoidal model and a noise model. Firstly, the sinusoidal parameters are extracted in the sinusoidal model, and ordered in a decrease manner. Odd indexed and even indexed parameters are divided into two descriptions. Secondly, the output vector from the noise model is split vector quantized. And the two sub-vectors are placed into two descriptions too. Finally, the number of the extracted parameters and the redundancy between the two descriptions are adjusted according to the packet loss rate of the network. Analytical and experimental resuits show that the proposed AMDSC outperforms existing MD speech coders by taking network loss characteristics into account. Therefore, it is very suitable for unreliable channels
