To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composite...To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composites using Zr_(2)Cu as the filler.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and ablation properties of the Zr_(2)Cu packed composites were analyzed.Results show that during Zr_(2)Cu impregnation,the melt efficiently fills the large pores of the composites and is converted to ZrCu due to a partial reaction of zirconium with carbon.This results in an increase in composite density from 1.91 g/cm^(3)to 2.24 g/cm^(3)and a reduction in open porosity by 27.35%.Additionally,the flexural strength of Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites is improved from 122.78±8.09 MPa to 135.53±5.40 MPa.After plasma ablation for 20 s,the modified composites demonstrate superior ablative resistance compared to PIP C/C-SiC-ZrC,with mass ablation and linear ablation rates of 2.77×10^(−3)g/s and 2.60×10^(−3)mm/s,respectively.The“selftranspiration”effect of the low-melting point copper-containing phase absorbs the heat of the plasma flame,further reducing the ablation temperature and promoting the formation of refined ZrO_(2)particles within the SiO_(2)melting layer.This provides more stable erosion protection for Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites.展开更多
MnO2-impregnated carbon-coated Fe3 O4(Fe3O4/C/MnO2)nanocomposites with a good core-shell structure were prepared by direct oxidation of carbon-coated Fe3 O4(Fe3O4/C)microspheres with KMnO4 in alkaline solution and app...MnO2-impregnated carbon-coated Fe3 O4(Fe3O4/C/MnO2)nanocomposites with a good core-shell structure were prepared by direct oxidation of carbon-coated Fe3 O4(Fe3O4/C)microspheres with KMnO4 in alkaline solution and applied to adsorb bovine serum albumin(BSA).X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)tests show that Fe3O4/C microspheres were newly functionalized via the oxidation by KMnO4.Fe3O4/C/MnO2 nanocomposites exhibit a higher adsorption capacity for BSA than Fe3O4/C microspheres and the maximum adsorption of BSA on them occurs at pH 4.7,which is the isoelectric point of BSA.Langmuir isotherm model describes the adsorption of BSA better than Freundlich model and Temkin model,and the kinetics data fit well with the pseudo-second-order model.展开更多
To improve the anti-oxidation ability of silicon-based coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites at high temperatures, a ZrB2 modified silicon-based multilayer oxidation protective coating was prepared by pack ceme...To improve the anti-oxidation ability of silicon-based coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites at high temperatures, a ZrB2 modified silicon-based multilayer oxidation protective coating was prepared by pack cementation. The phase composition, microstructure and oxidation resistance at 1773, 1873 and 1953 K in air were investigated. The prepared coating exhibits dense structure and good oxidation protective ability. Due to the formation of stable ZrSiO4-SiO2 compound, the coating can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation at 1773 K for more than 550 h. The anti-oxidation performance decreases with the increase of oxidation temperature. The mass loss of coated sample is 2.44% after oxidation at 1953 K for 50 h, which is attributed to the decomposition of ZrSiO4 and the volatilization of SiO2 protection layer.展开更多
C/SiC/MoSi2-SiC-Si oxidation protective multilayer coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites was prepared by pack cementation and slurry method. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the...C/SiC/MoSi2-SiC-Si oxidation protective multilayer coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites was prepared by pack cementation and slurry method. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the as-received coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the multilayer coating was composed of MoSi2, SiC and Si. It could effectively protect C/C composites against oxidation for 200 h with the mass loss of 3.25% at 1873 K in static air. The mass loss of the coated C/C composites results from the volatilization of SiO2 and the formation of cracks and bubble holes in the coating.展开更多
1 Introduction Supercapacitor also called electrochemical capacitor,has become one of the most promising energy storage devices due to its long service life,great power density,high energy density,green environmental ...1 Introduction Supercapacitor also called electrochemical capacitor,has become one of the most promising energy storage devices due to its long service life,great power density,high energy density,green environmental protection(Simon et al,2008;Ma et al,2013).Based on the charge storage mechanisms,Supercapacitors can be divided into展开更多
The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the...The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the characterizations of the nanometer material, synthesized a type of nanometer α-MnO2 through KMnO4 and KNO3 with hydrothermal method, and mixed the products into micron electrolytic manganese dioxide （EMD） to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatical discharge measurements of the samples were investigated. It is found that the 50﹪ nanometer MnO2 mixed electrode has the best electrochemical performance. The electrochemical performance improvement mechanism of the sample nanometer MnO2 mixed into micron EMD was discussed. With the existence of electrolyte, the nanometer MnO2 particles filled into the interspaces of the micron EMD particles, the mass and charge transfer conditions of the electrode reaction were improved, and the electrode polarization was diminished.展开更多
A SiC/ZrSiO4？SiO2 （SZS） coating was successfully fabricated on the carbon/carbon （C/C） composites by pack cementation, slurry painting and sintering to improve the anti-oxidation property and thermal shock r...A SiC/ZrSiO4？SiO2 （SZS） coating was successfully fabricated on the carbon/carbon （C/C） composites by pack cementation, slurry painting and sintering to improve the anti-oxidation property and thermal shock resistance. The anti-oxidation properties under different oxygen partial pressures （OPP） and thermal shock resistance of the SZS coating were investigated. The results show that the SZS coated sample under low OPP, corresponding to the ambient air, during isothermal oxidation was 0.54% in mass gain after 111 h oxidation at 1500 ° C and less than 0.03% in mass loss after 50 h oxidation in high OPP, corresponding to the air flow rate of 36 L/h. Additionally, the residual compressive strengths （RCS） of the SZS coated samples after oxidation for 50 h in high OPP and 80 h in low OPP remain about 70% and 72.5% of those of original C/C samples, respectively. Moreover, the mass loss of SZS coated samples subjected to the thermal cycle from 1500 ° C in high OPP to boiling water for 30 times was merely 1.61%.展开更多
Ultrahigh-temperature ceramics were added to C/C composites to meet their application requirement in a high-temperature oxidizing environment. C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites were fabricated by high-solid-loading slurry impre...Ultrahigh-temperature ceramics were added to C/C composites to meet their application requirement in a high-temperature oxidizing environment. C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites were fabricated by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation with polymer infiltration and pyrolysis. The dispersion and rheological behavior of ZrB2 slurry and the microstructural, mechanical, and ablation properties of the C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites were investigated. Results indicated that a well-dispersed and low-viscosity ZrB2 slurry was obtained using 0.40 wt.% polyethyleneimine as a dispersant at pH 5. Ceramics were uniformly distributed in the short-cut fiber layer and needle-punched area. The flexural strength of the C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites was 309.30 MPa. The composites exhibited satisfactory ablation resistance under the oxyacetylene flame of 2500℃, and the mass and linear ablation rates were 0.40 mg/s and 0.91 μm/s, respectively. A continuous and compact Zr O2 layer, which could effectively reduce the diffusion rate of oxygen and protect the composites from being ablated, was formed.展开更多
Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To bre...Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To break the mindset of magneticderivative design,and make up the shortage of monometallic non-magnetic derivatives,we first try non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives to achieve efficient EMW absorption.The porous carbon-wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 composites derived from PCN-415(TiZr-MOFs)are qualified with a minimum reflection loss of−67.8 dB(2.16 mm,13.0 GHz),and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz(2.70 mm).Through in-depth discussions,the synergy of enhanced interfacial polarization and other attenuation mechanisms in the composites is revealed.Therefore,this work confirms the huge potentials of nonmagnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives in EMW absorption applications.展开更多
To improve the uniformity and the content of HfBin Hf B-Si-based ceramic coating and alleviate the damage of substrate,and then enhance the high-temperature(1700°C)oxidation and cyclic ablation resistances of car...To improve the uniformity and the content of HfBin Hf B-Si-based ceramic coating and alleviate the damage of substrate,and then enhance the high-temperature(1700°C)oxidation and cyclic ablation resistances of carbon/carbon composites,a close-knit double layer HfB_(2)-SiC/SiC coatings with a mosaic structure and high content of HfBwere prepared by a novel dipping-carbonization assisted pack cementation methods(DPC–HS/S).In contrast,a HfB_(2)-SiC/SiC coatings were also fabricated by pack cementation(PC–HS/S).Results revealed that the oxidation and ablation protective performances of the DPC–HS/S coatings were superior to those of PC–HS/S coatings.After 30 thermal cycles between 1500°C and room temperature,the mass gain of the coated sample was 0.78%,and the mass loss was 1.65%after oxidation at 1700°C for 156 h.Moreover,under an oxyacetylene torch ablation for 180 s(3 cycles),the linear ablation rate of the DPC–HS/S coated specimen was 1.62μm/s,which was much lower than that of PC–HS/S coated specimen(3.08μm/s).展开更多
MXenes,a new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides,have attracted tremendous attention for various applications due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity,hydrophilic...MXenes,a new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides,have attracted tremendous attention for various applications due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity,hydrophilicity,and ion intercalability.In this work,Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene,or MX,is converted to MX-TiO_(2) composites using a simple and rapid microwave hydrothermal treatment in HCl/NaCl mixture solution that induces formation of fine TiO_(2) particles on the MX parent structure and imparts photocatalytic activity to the resulting MX-TiO_(2) composites.The composites were used for enrofloxacin(ENR),a frequently found contaminating antibiotic,removal from water.The relative amount of the MX and TiO_(2) can be controlled by controlling the hydrothermal temperature resulting in composites with tunable adsorption/photocatalytic properties.NaCl addition was found to play important role as composites synthesized without NaCl could not adsorb enrofloxacin well.Adding NaCl into the hydrothermal treatment causes sodium ions to be simultaneously intercalated into the composite structure,improving ENR adsorption greatly from 1 to 6 mg ENR/g composite.It also slows down the MX to TiO2 conversion leading to a smaller and more uniform distribution of TiO_(2) particles on the structure.MX-TiO_(2)/NaCl composites,which have sodium intercalated in their structures,showed both higher ENR adsorption and photocatalytic activity than composites without NaCl despite the latter having higher TiO2 content.Adsorbed ENR on the composites can be efficiently degraded by free radicals generated from the photoexcited TiO2 particles,leading to high photocatalytic degradation efficiency.This demonstrates the synergetic effect between adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the synthesized compounds.展开更多
Titanium oxide(TiO2),with excellent cycling stability and low volume expansion,is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery(LIB),which suffers from low electrical conductivity and poor rate capability.Combini...Titanium oxide(TiO2),with excellent cycling stability and low volume expansion,is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery(LIB),which suffers from low electrical conductivity and poor rate capability.Combining nano-sized TiO2 with conductive materials is proved an efficient method to improve its electrochemical properties.Here,rutile TiO2/carbon nanosheet was obtained by calcinating MAX(Ti3AlC2)and Na2C03 together and water-bathing with HC1.The lamellar carbon atoms in MAX are converted to 2D carbon nanosheets with urchin-like rutile TiO2 anchored on.The unique architecture can offer plentiful active sites,shorten the ion diffusion distance and improve the conductivity.The composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 247 mA h g^-1,excellent rate performance(38 mA h g^-1 at 50 C)and stable cycling performance(0.014%decay per cycle during 2000 cycles)for lithium storage.展开更多
This study evaluated the mechanical properties and thermal properties of Al-12 vol%B4 C composite at elevated temperature strengthened with in situ Al2 O3 network.The composite was fabricated using powder metallurgy(P...This study evaluated the mechanical properties and thermal properties of Al-12 vol%B4 C composite at elevated temperature strengthened with in situ Al2 O3 network.The composite was fabricated using powder metallurgy(PM)with raw materials of fine atomized aluminum powders,and the associated microstructures were observed.At 350℃,the composite had ultimate tensile strength of UTS=137 MPa,yield strength of YS0.2=118 MPa,and elongation ofε=4%.Besides,the mechanical properties of the composite remained unchanged at 350℃after the long holding periods up to 1000 h.The excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability at 350℃were secured by in situ am-Al2O3 network that strengthened the grain boundaries.The interfacial debonding and brittle cracking of B4 C particles were the main fracture mechanisms of the composite.In addition,the influence of sintering temperature and rolling deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties was studied.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)Ti3C2Tx MXene is an attractive additive not only used in base oil due to its low friction coefficient,but also used in composites due to its high aspect ratio and rich surface functional groups.So f...Two-dimensional(2D)Ti3C2Tx MXene is an attractive additive not only used in base oil due to its low friction coefficient,but also used in composites due to its high aspect ratio and rich surface functional groups.So far there has been intense research into polymer matrix composites reinforced with Ti3C2Tx,Here we report on the use of 2D Ti3C2Tx to enhance the mechanical and frictional properties of Al matrix composites.Ti3C2Tx/Al composites were designed and prepared by pre s sureless sintering followed by hot extrusion technique.The prepared composites exhibit a homogeneous distribution of Ti3C2Tx.The Vickers hardness and the tensile strength continuously increase with increasing Ti3C2Tx content.A hardness of 0.52 GPa and a tensile strength of 148 MPa were achieved in the 3 wt%Ti3C2Tx/Al composite.The frictional properties of pure Al and the Ti3C2Tx/Al composite were comparably studied under dry sliding.A low friction coefficient of 0.2,twice lower than that of pure Al,was achieved in the 3 wt%Ti3C2Tx/Al composite.Ti3C2Tx acting as a solid lubricant reduces the abrasive wear in the composite,improving the frictional properties of Al matrix composites.展开更多
CO_(2) drilling is a promising underbalance drilling technology with great advantages,such as lower cutting force,intense cooling and excellent lubrication.However,in the underbalance drilling,the mechanism of the cou...CO_(2) drilling is a promising underbalance drilling technology with great advantages,such as lower cutting force,intense cooling and excellent lubrication.However,in the underbalance drilling,the mechanism of the coupling CO_(2) jet and polycrystalline-diamond-compact(PDC)cutter are still unclear.Whereby,we established a coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics/finite element method(SPH/FEM)model to simulate the composite rock-breaking of high-pressure CO_(2) jet&PDC cutter.Combined with the experimental research results,the mechanism of composite rock-breaking is studied from the perspectives of rock stress field,cutting force and jet field.The results show that the composite rock-breaking can effectively relieve the influence of vibration and shock on PDC cutter.Meanwhile,the high-pressure CO_(2) jet has a positive effect on carrying rock debris,which can effectively reduce the temperature rising and the thermal wear of the PDC cutter.In addition,the effects of CO_(2) jet parameters on composite rock-breaking were studied,such as jet impact velocity,nozzle diameter,jet injection angle and impact distance.The studies show that when the impact velocity of the CO_(2) jet is greater than 250 m/s,the CO_(2) jet could quickly break the rock.It is found that the optimal range of nozzle diameter is 1.5–2.5 mm,the best injection angle of CO_(2) jet is 60,the optimal impact distance is 10 times the nozzle diameter.The above studies could provide theoretical supports and technical guidance for composite rock-breaking,which is useful for the CO_(2) underbalance drilling and drill bit design.展开更多
Using low-cost FePO4·2H2O as iron source,Na2FePO4F/C composite is prepared by alcohol-assisted ball milling and solid-state reaction method.The XRD pattern of Na2FePO4F/C composite demonstrates sharp peaks,indica...Using low-cost FePO4·2H2O as iron source,Na2FePO4F/C composite is prepared by alcohol-assisted ball milling and solid-state reaction method.The XRD pattern of Na2FePO4F/C composite demonstrates sharp peaks,indicating high crystalline and phase purity.The SEM and TEM images reveal that diameter of the spherical-like Na2FePO4F/C particles ranges from 50 to 300 nm,and HRTEM image shows that the surface of Na2FePO4F/C composite is uniformly coated by carbon layer with a average thickness of about 3.6 nm.The carbon coating constrains the growth of the particles and effectively reduces the agglomeration of nanoparticles.Using lithium metal as anode,the composite delivers a discharge capacities of 102.8,96.4 and 90.3 mA·h/g at rates of 0.5C,1C and 2C,respectively.After 100 cycles at 0.5C,a discharge capacity of 98.9 mA·h/g is maintained with capacity retention of 96.2%.The Li+diffusion coefficient(D)of Na2FePO4F/C composite is calculated as 1.71×10^–9 cm^2/s.This study reveals that the simple solid state reaction could be a practical and effective synthetic route for the industrial production of Na2FePO4F/C material.展开更多
Pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（AI）C2 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method from an additive-free nickel Watt＇s bath and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser confocal microscopy and scanni...Pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（AI）C2 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method from an additive-free nickel Watt＇s bath and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of current and Ti3Si（AI）C2 concentration in the solution on the composition, grain size, preferred orientation and surface morphology of the electrodeposited coatings were investigated. （200）-oriented Ni coatings could be deposited at high current （62.5 mA）, while （220）-oriented Ni coatings could be obtained at low current （25 mA）. However, the presence of Ti3Si（Al）C2 particles disturbed the surface texture of Ni crystallites in the composite coatings. Based on the simulated morphology and the observed microstructure, the mechanisms for the change of preferred orientation and crystallite shapes in the presence of Ti3Si（Al）C2 particles were discussed. Moreover, microhardness and friction properties of pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（Al）C2 composite coatings were also compared.展开更多
A LiFePO4/（C＋Fe2P） composite cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method using Fe（NO3）3.9H20, LiAc·H2O）, NHaH2PO4 and citric acid as raw materials, and the physical properties and electrochemical perf...A LiFePO4/（C＋Fe2P） composite cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method using Fe（NO3）3.9H20, LiAc·H2O）, NHaH2PO4 and citric acid as raw materials, and the physical properties and electrochemical performance of the composite cathode material were investigated by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and electrochemical tests. The Fe2P content, morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePOa/（C＋Fe2P） composite depend on the calcination temperature. The optimized LiFePO4/（C＋FeeP） composite is prepared at 650 ~C and the optimized composite exhibits sphere-like morphology with porous structure and Fe2P content of about 3.2% （mass fraction）. The discharge capacity of the optimized LiFePO4/（C＋FeRP） at 0.1C is 156 and 161 mA.h/g at 25 and 55 ℃, respectively, and the corresponding capacity retentions are 96% after 30 cycles; while the capacity at 1C is 142 and 149 mA.h/g at 25 and 55 ℃, respectively, and the capacity still remains 135 and 142 mA-h/g after 30 cycles at 25 and 55℃, respectively.展开更多
A facile ammonium-dichromate solution immersion method was introduced to synthesize the copperwettable Cr3C2 coating on and inside the carbon-carbon （C/C） preform. The formation mechanism and the microstructures of ...A facile ammonium-dichromate solution immersion method was introduced to synthesize the copperwettable Cr3C2 coating on and inside the carbon-carbon （C/C） preform. The formation mechanism and the microstructures of the Cr3C2 coatings were studied. The contact angle between molten copper and the C/C decreased from 140°to 60°, demonstrating the significant improvement in the wettability. The Cr3C2- coated C/C-Cu composite with only 4.2% porosity and 3.69 gcm^-3 density was manufactured through copper infiltration. As a result, the thermal and electrical conductivity of the modified C/C-Cu increased significantly due to the infiltrated copper. Also the mechanical properties of the composites including both the flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced by over 100%. The modified C/C-Cu composite exhibited lower friction coefficients and wear rates for different load levels than those of the commercial C/Cu composite. These results demonstrate the potential of the modified C/C-Cu material for use in electrical contacts.展开更多
The development of advanced aircraft relies on high performance thermal-structural materials,and carbon/carbon com-posites(C/C)composited with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates.However,the traditiona...The development of advanced aircraft relies on high performance thermal-structural materials,and carbon/carbon com-posites(C/C)composited with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates.However,the traditional routes of compositing are either inefficient and expensive or lead to a non-uniform distribution of ceramics in the matrix.Compared with the traditional C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the reactive melt infiltration of ZrSi_(2),C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the vacuum infiltration of ZrB_(2) combined with reactive melt infiltration have the higher content and more uniform distribution of the introduced ceramic phases.The mass and linear ablation rates of the C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites were respectively 68.9%and 29.7%lower than those of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by reactive melt infiltration.The ablation performance was improved because the volatilization of B_(2)O_(3),removes some of the heat,and the more uniformly distributed ZrO_(2),that helps produce a ZrO2-SiO2 continu-ous protective layer,hinders oxygen infiltration and decreases ablation.展开更多
基金Open Fund of Zhijian Laboratory,Rocket Force University of Engineering(2024-ZJSYS-KF02-09)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902028,52272034)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2023JBGS-15)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Changan University,300102313202,300102312406)。
文摘To improve the compactness and properties of C/C-SiC-ZrC composites produced by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP)method,the low-temperature reactive melt infiltration(RMI)process was used to seal the composites using Zr_(2)Cu as the filler.The microstructure,mechanical properties,and ablation properties of the Zr_(2)Cu packed composites were analyzed.Results show that during Zr_(2)Cu impregnation,the melt efficiently fills the large pores of the composites and is converted to ZrCu due to a partial reaction of zirconium with carbon.This results in an increase in composite density from 1.91 g/cm^(3)to 2.24 g/cm^(3)and a reduction in open porosity by 27.35%.Additionally,the flexural strength of Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites is improved from 122.78±8.09 MPa to 135.53±5.40 MPa.After plasma ablation for 20 s,the modified composites demonstrate superior ablative resistance compared to PIP C/C-SiC-ZrC,with mass ablation and linear ablation rates of 2.77×10^(−3)g/s and 2.60×10^(−3)mm/s,respectively.The“selftranspiration”effect of the low-melting point copper-containing phase absorbs the heat of the plasma flame,further reducing the ablation temperature and promoting the formation of refined ZrO_(2)particles within the SiO_(2)melting layer.This provides more stable erosion protection for Zr_(2)Cu packed C/C-SiC-ZrC composites.
基金financially supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2013ZX07202-010)。
文摘MnO2-impregnated carbon-coated Fe3 O4(Fe3O4/C/MnO2)nanocomposites with a good core-shell structure were prepared by direct oxidation of carbon-coated Fe3 O4(Fe3O4/C)microspheres with KMnO4 in alkaline solution and applied to adsorb bovine serum albumin(BSA).X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)and thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)tests show that Fe3O4/C microspheres were newly functionalized via the oxidation by KMnO4.Fe3O4/C/MnO2 nanocomposites exhibit a higher adsorption capacity for BSA than Fe3O4/C microspheres and the maximum adsorption of BSA on them occurs at pH 4.7,which is the isoelectric point of BSA.Langmuir isotherm model describes the adsorption of BSA better than Freundlich model and Temkin model,and the kinetics data fit well with the pseudo-second-order model.
基金Projects(51221001,50972120)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(73-QP-2010)supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing of Northwestern Polytechnical University,ChinaProject(B08040)supported by Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,China
文摘To improve the anti-oxidation ability of silicon-based coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites at high temperatures, a ZrB2 modified silicon-based multilayer oxidation protective coating was prepared by pack cementation. The phase composition, microstructure and oxidation resistance at 1773, 1873 and 1953 K in air were investigated. The prepared coating exhibits dense structure and good oxidation protective ability. Due to the formation of stable ZrSiO4-SiO2 compound, the coating can effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation at 1773 K for more than 550 h. The anti-oxidation performance decreases with the increase of oxidation temperature. The mass loss of coated sample is 2.44% after oxidation at 1953 K for 50 h, which is attributed to the decomposition of ZrSiO4 and the volatilization of SiO2 protection layer.
基金Projects(51272213,51221001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(73-QP-2010)supported by the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NWPU)Project(B08040)supported by Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,China
文摘C/SiC/MoSi2-SiC-Si oxidation protective multilayer coating for carbon/carbon （C/C） composites was prepared by pack cementation and slurry method. The microstructure, element distribution and phase composition of the as-received coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the multilayer coating was composed of MoSi2, SiC and Si. It could effectively protect C/C composites against oxidation for 200 h with the mass loss of 3.25% at 1873 K in static air. The mass loss of the coated C/C composites results from the volatilization of SiO2 and the formation of cracks and bubble holes in the coating.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51274015)National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) (2014CB846000)Test Fund of Peking University
文摘1 Introduction Supercapacitor also called electrochemical capacitor,has become one of the most promising energy storage devices due to its long service life,great power density,high energy density,green environmental protection(Simon et al,2008;Ma et al,2013).Based on the charge storage mechanisms,Supercapacitors can be divided into
基金This paper is supported by Chenguang Program for Young Scientists of Wuhan, Hubei Province (No. 20065004116-22).
文摘The nanometer MnO2 has outstanding electrochemical performance theoretically, but it is not suitable for actual utilization, which may result in capacity decrease and resource waste. In this study we have utilized the characterizations of the nanometer material, synthesized a type of nanometer α-MnO2 through KMnO4 and KNO3 with hydrothermal method, and mixed the products into micron electrolytic manganese dioxide （EMD） to enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode.The cyclic voltammogram and galvanostatical discharge measurements of the samples were investigated. It is found that the 50﹪ nanometer MnO2 mixed electrode has the best electrochemical performance. The electrochemical performance improvement mechanism of the sample nanometer MnO2 mixed into micron EMD was discussed. With the existence of electrolyte, the nanometer MnO2 particles filled into the interspaces of the micron EMD particles, the mass and charge transfer conditions of the electrode reaction were improved, and the electrode polarization was diminished.
基金Project supported by the Nonferrous Metal Oriented Advanced Structural Materials and Manufacturing Cooperative Innovation Center,ChinaProject(51205417)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A SiC/ZrSiO4？SiO2 （SZS） coating was successfully fabricated on the carbon/carbon （C/C） composites by pack cementation, slurry painting and sintering to improve the anti-oxidation property and thermal shock resistance. The anti-oxidation properties under different oxygen partial pressures （OPP） and thermal shock resistance of the SZS coating were investigated. The results show that the SZS coated sample under low OPP, corresponding to the ambient air, during isothermal oxidation was 0.54% in mass gain after 111 h oxidation at 1500 ° C and less than 0.03% in mass loss after 50 h oxidation in high OPP, corresponding to the air flow rate of 36 L/h. Additionally, the residual compressive strengths （RCS） of the SZS coated samples after oxidation for 50 h in high OPP and 80 h in low OPP remain about 70% and 72.5% of those of original C/C samples, respectively. Moreover, the mass loss of SZS coated samples subjected to the thermal cycle from 1500 ° C in high OPP to boiling water for 30 times was merely 1.61%.
基金Project(GFZX0101040101-2012C20X) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2017JJ2320) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Ultrahigh-temperature ceramics were added to C/C composites to meet their application requirement in a high-temperature oxidizing environment. C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites were fabricated by high-solid-loading slurry impregnation with polymer infiltration and pyrolysis. The dispersion and rheological behavior of ZrB2 slurry and the microstructural, mechanical, and ablation properties of the C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites were investigated. Results indicated that a well-dispersed and low-viscosity ZrB2 slurry was obtained using 0.40 wt.% polyethyleneimine as a dispersant at pH 5. Ceramics were uniformly distributed in the short-cut fiber layer and needle-punched area. The flexural strength of the C/C-ZrB2-SiC composites was 309.30 MPa. The composites exhibited satisfactory ablation resistance under the oxyacetylene flame of 2500℃, and the mass and linear ablation rates were 0.40 mg/s and 0.91 μm/s, respectively. A continuous and compact Zr O2 layer, which could effectively reduce the diffusion rate of oxygen and protect the composites from being ablated, was formed.
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51572157,21902085,and 51702188)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019QF012)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2018JC036 and No.2018JC046)Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(No.2018WLJH25).
文摘Modern communication technologies put forward higher requirements for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials.Metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives have been widely concerned with its diverse advantages.To break the mindset of magneticderivative design,and make up the shortage of monometallic non-magnetic derivatives,we first try non-magnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives to achieve efficient EMW absorption.The porous carbon-wrapped TiO2/ZrTiO4 composites derived from PCN-415(TiZr-MOFs)are qualified with a minimum reflection loss of−67.8 dB(2.16 mm,13.0 GHz),and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 5.9 GHz(2.70 mm).Through in-depth discussions,the synergy of enhanced interfacial polarization and other attenuation mechanisms in the composites is revealed.Therefore,this work confirms the huge potentials of nonmagnetic bimetallic MOFs derivatives in EMW absorption applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872239,52061135102,52002321)the Creative Research Foundation of Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials Laboratory(No.5050200015)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.G2020KY05125)the Xi’an Association for Science and Technology"Young Talent Support Project"(No.095920211338)。
文摘To improve the uniformity and the content of HfBin Hf B-Si-based ceramic coating and alleviate the damage of substrate,and then enhance the high-temperature(1700°C)oxidation and cyclic ablation resistances of carbon/carbon composites,a close-knit double layer HfB_(2)-SiC/SiC coatings with a mosaic structure and high content of HfBwere prepared by a novel dipping-carbonization assisted pack cementation methods(DPC–HS/S).In contrast,a HfB_(2)-SiC/SiC coatings were also fabricated by pack cementation(PC–HS/S).Results revealed that the oxidation and ablation protective performances of the DPC–HS/S coatings were superior to those of PC–HS/S coatings.After 30 thermal cycles between 1500°C and room temperature,the mass gain of the coated sample was 0.78%,and the mass loss was 1.65%after oxidation at 1700°C for 156 h.Moreover,under an oxyacetylene torch ablation for 180 s(3 cycles),the linear ablation rate of the DPC–HS/S coated specimen was 1.62μm/s,which was much lower than that of PC–HS/S coated specimen(3.08μm/s).
基金National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) (No.P1751698) for financial supportThailand Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and Tokyo Institute of Technology (TAIST-Tokyo Tech) for collaborative program and scholarship supports+1 种基金supported by Thammasat University Research Fund Contract No.TUFT 055/2563Support from Center of Excellence in Functional Advanced Materials Engineering (CoE FAME),SIIT
文摘MXenes,a new family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides or nitrides,have attracted tremendous attention for various applications due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity,hydrophilicity,and ion intercalability.In this work,Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene,or MX,is converted to MX-TiO_(2) composites using a simple and rapid microwave hydrothermal treatment in HCl/NaCl mixture solution that induces formation of fine TiO_(2) particles on the MX parent structure and imparts photocatalytic activity to the resulting MX-TiO_(2) composites.The composites were used for enrofloxacin(ENR),a frequently found contaminating antibiotic,removal from water.The relative amount of the MX and TiO_(2) can be controlled by controlling the hydrothermal temperature resulting in composites with tunable adsorption/photocatalytic properties.NaCl addition was found to play important role as composites synthesized without NaCl could not adsorb enrofloxacin well.Adding NaCl into the hydrothermal treatment causes sodium ions to be simultaneously intercalated into the composite structure,improving ENR adsorption greatly from 1 to 6 mg ENR/g composite.It also slows down the MX to TiO2 conversion leading to a smaller and more uniform distribution of TiO_(2) particles on the structure.MX-TiO_(2)/NaCl composites,which have sodium intercalated in their structures,showed both higher ENR adsorption and photocatalytic activity than composites without NaCl despite the latter having higher TiO2 content.Adsorbed ENR on the composites can be efficiently degraded by free radicals generated from the photoexcited TiO2 particles,leading to high photocatalytic degradation efficiency.This demonstrates the synergetic effect between adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of the synthesized compounds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 51572011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFB0102004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. ZY1802)
文摘Titanium oxide(TiO2),with excellent cycling stability and low volume expansion,is a promising anode material for lithium-ion battery(LIB),which suffers from low electrical conductivity and poor rate capability.Combining nano-sized TiO2 with conductive materials is proved an efficient method to improve its electrochemical properties.Here,rutile TiO2/carbon nanosheet was obtained by calcinating MAX(Ti3AlC2)and Na2C03 together and water-bathing with HC1.The lamellar carbon atoms in MAX are converted to 2D carbon nanosheets with urchin-like rutile TiO2 anchored on.The unique architecture can offer plentiful active sites,shorten the ion diffusion distance and improve the conductivity.The composite exhibits a high reversible capacity of 247 mA h g^-1,excellent rate performance(38 mA h g^-1 at 50 C)and stable cycling performance(0.014%decay per cycle during 2000 cycles)for lithium storage.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Service Safety。
文摘This study evaluated the mechanical properties and thermal properties of Al-12 vol%B4 C composite at elevated temperature strengthened with in situ Al2 O3 network.The composite was fabricated using powder metallurgy(PM)with raw materials of fine atomized aluminum powders,and the associated microstructures were observed.At 350℃,the composite had ultimate tensile strength of UTS=137 MPa,yield strength of YS0.2=118 MPa,and elongation ofε=4%.Besides,the mechanical properties of the composite remained unchanged at 350℃after the long holding periods up to 1000 h.The excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability at 350℃were secured by in situ am-Al2O3 network that strengthened the grain boundaries.The interfacial debonding and brittle cracking of B4 C particles were the main fracture mechanisms of the composite.In addition,the influence of sintering temperature and rolling deformation on the microstructures and mechanical properties was studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772020)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2182058)+1 种基金Beijing Government Funds for the Constructive Project of Central UniversitiesEquipment Development Department of the National Military Commission Foundation of China(No.JZX7Y20190262063601)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)Ti3C2Tx MXene is an attractive additive not only used in base oil due to its low friction coefficient,but also used in composites due to its high aspect ratio and rich surface functional groups.So far there has been intense research into polymer matrix composites reinforced with Ti3C2Tx,Here we report on the use of 2D Ti3C2Tx to enhance the mechanical and frictional properties of Al matrix composites.Ti3C2Tx/Al composites were designed and prepared by pre s sureless sintering followed by hot extrusion technique.The prepared composites exhibit a homogeneous distribution of Ti3C2Tx.The Vickers hardness and the tensile strength continuously increase with increasing Ti3C2Tx content.A hardness of 0.52 GPa and a tensile strength of 148 MPa were achieved in the 3 wt%Ti3C2Tx/Al composite.The frictional properties of pure Al and the Ti3C2Tx/Al composite were comparably studied under dry sliding.A low friction coefficient of 0.2,twice lower than that of pure Al,was achieved in the 3 wt%Ti3C2Tx/Al composite.Ti3C2Tx acting as a solid lubricant reduces the abrasive wear in the composite,improving the frictional properties of Al matrix composites.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52004236)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDRC0114)+4 种基金the Starting Project of Southwest Petroleum University(No.2019QHZ009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M673285)the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment(Jilin University)Ministry of Education(No.202005009KF)the Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC)funding(No.202008515107).
文摘CO_(2) drilling is a promising underbalance drilling technology with great advantages,such as lower cutting force,intense cooling and excellent lubrication.However,in the underbalance drilling,the mechanism of the coupling CO_(2) jet and polycrystalline-diamond-compact(PDC)cutter are still unclear.Whereby,we established a coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics/finite element method(SPH/FEM)model to simulate the composite rock-breaking of high-pressure CO_(2) jet&PDC cutter.Combined with the experimental research results,the mechanism of composite rock-breaking is studied from the perspectives of rock stress field,cutting force and jet field.The results show that the composite rock-breaking can effectively relieve the influence of vibration and shock on PDC cutter.Meanwhile,the high-pressure CO_(2) jet has a positive effect on carrying rock debris,which can effectively reduce the temperature rising and the thermal wear of the PDC cutter.In addition,the effects of CO_(2) jet parameters on composite rock-breaking were studied,such as jet impact velocity,nozzle diameter,jet injection angle and impact distance.The studies show that when the impact velocity of the CO_(2) jet is greater than 250 m/s,the CO_(2) jet could quickly break the rock.It is found that the optimal range of nozzle diameter is 1.5–2.5 mm,the best injection angle of CO_(2) jet is 60,the optimal impact distance is 10 times the nozzle diameter.The above studies could provide theoretical supports and technical guidance for composite rock-breaking,which is useful for the CO_(2) underbalance drilling and drill bit design.
基金Projects(51472211,51502256)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2016GK4005,2016GK4030)supported by the Strategic New Industry of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(13C925)supported by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province,China
文摘Using low-cost FePO4·2H2O as iron source,Na2FePO4F/C composite is prepared by alcohol-assisted ball milling and solid-state reaction method.The XRD pattern of Na2FePO4F/C composite demonstrates sharp peaks,indicating high crystalline and phase purity.The SEM and TEM images reveal that diameter of the spherical-like Na2FePO4F/C particles ranges from 50 to 300 nm,and HRTEM image shows that the surface of Na2FePO4F/C composite is uniformly coated by carbon layer with a average thickness of about 3.6 nm.The carbon coating constrains the growth of the particles and effectively reduces the agglomeration of nanoparticles.Using lithium metal as anode,the composite delivers a discharge capacities of 102.8,96.4 and 90.3 mA·h/g at rates of 0.5C,1C and 2C,respectively.After 100 cycles at 0.5C,a discharge capacity of 98.9 mA·h/g is maintained with capacity retention of 96.2%.The Li+diffusion coefficient(D)of Na2FePO4F/C composite is calculated as 1.71×10^–9 cm^2/s.This study reveals that the simple solid state reaction could be a practical and effective synthetic route for the industrial production of Na2FePO4F/C material.
基金supported by the National Outstanding Young Scientist Foundation for Y. C. Zhou, Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 50232040, 50302011, 90403027, 50772114 and 50832008
文摘Pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（AI）C2 composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition method from an additive-free nickel Watt＇s bath and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, laser confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of current and Ti3Si（AI）C2 concentration in the solution on the composition, grain size, preferred orientation and surface morphology of the electrodeposited coatings were investigated. （200）-oriented Ni coatings could be deposited at high current （62.5 mA）, while （220）-oriented Ni coatings could be obtained at low current （25 mA）. However, the presence of Ti3Si（Al）C2 particles disturbed the surface texture of Ni crystallites in the composite coatings. Based on the simulated morphology and the observed microstructure, the mechanisms for the change of preferred orientation and crystallite shapes in the presence of Ti3Si（Al）C2 particles were discussed. Moreover, microhardness and friction properties of pure nickel and Ni/Ti3Si（Al）C2 composite coatings were also compared.
基金Project(50571091) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(09C947) supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China
文摘A LiFePO4/（C＋Fe2P） composite cathode material was prepared by a sol-gel method using Fe（NO3）3.9H20, LiAc·H2O）, NHaH2PO4 and citric acid as raw materials, and the physical properties and electrochemical performance of the composite cathode material were investigated by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and electrochemical tests. The Fe2P content, morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePOa/（C＋Fe2P） composite depend on the calcination temperature. The optimized LiFePO4/（C＋FeeP） composite is prepared at 650 ~C and the optimized composite exhibits sphere-like morphology with porous structure and Fe2P content of about 3.2% （mass fraction）. The discharge capacity of the optimized LiFePO4/（C＋FeRP） at 0.1C is 156 and 161 mA.h/g at 25 and 55 ℃, respectively, and the corresponding capacity retentions are 96% after 30 cycles; while the capacity at 1C is 142 and 149 mA.h/g at 25 and 55 ℃, respectively, and the capacity still remains 135 and 142 mA-h/g after 30 cycles at 25 and 55℃, respectively.
基金the financial support from of the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2012CB619600 and 2011CB012803)
文摘A facile ammonium-dichromate solution immersion method was introduced to synthesize the copperwettable Cr3C2 coating on and inside the carbon-carbon （C/C） preform. The formation mechanism and the microstructures of the Cr3C2 coatings were studied. The contact angle between molten copper and the C/C decreased from 140°to 60°, demonstrating the significant improvement in the wettability. The Cr3C2- coated C/C-Cu composite with only 4.2% porosity and 3.69 gcm^-3 density was manufactured through copper infiltration. As a result, the thermal and electrical conductivity of the modified C/C-Cu increased significantly due to the infiltrated copper. Also the mechanical properties of the composites including both the flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced by over 100%. The modified C/C-Cu composite exhibited lower friction coefficients and wear rates for different load levels than those of the commercial C/Cu composite. These results demonstrate the potential of the modified C/C-Cu material for use in electrical contacts.
文摘The development of advanced aircraft relies on high performance thermal-structural materials,and carbon/carbon com-posites(C/C)composited with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates.However,the traditional routes of compositing are either inefficient and expensive or lead to a non-uniform distribution of ceramics in the matrix.Compared with the traditional C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the reactive melt infiltration of ZrSi_(2),C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by the vacuum infiltration of ZrB_(2) combined with reactive melt infiltration have the higher content and more uniform distribution of the introduced ceramic phases.The mass and linear ablation rates of the C/C-ZrB_(2)-ZrC-SiC composites were respectively 68.9%and 29.7%lower than those of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared by reactive melt infiltration.The ablation performance was improved because the volatilization of B_(2)O_(3),removes some of the heat,and the more uniformly distributed ZrO_(2),that helps produce a ZrO2-SiO2 continu-ous protective layer,hinders oxygen infiltration and decreases ablation.
