Hydrotalcites known as anionic clays are found in nature. Hydrotalcites, hydrotalcite-like compounds, and calcined hydrotalcites (as mixed or complex oxides) as highly active, selective catalysts play an important rol...Hydrotalcites known as anionic clays are found in nature. Hydrotalcites, hydrotalcite-like compounds, and calcined hydrotalcites (as mixed or complex oxides) as highly active, selective catalysts play an important role in many base/catalyzed reactions. Mg/Al hydrotalcite (MAH) as precursor was used to prepare Mg/Al metal complex oxides (MAO), used as epoxidation catalysts in the current research. In this paper, some primary physical and catalytic properties of MAH and MAO were investigated. The results indicated that the qualified MAH (Mg/Al mol ratio of 3) can be achieved when the suspension was crystallized under 80°C for 16h, and after being filtered, dried at 100 °C for 5h in a oven. MAO was prepared by calcining MAH for 4h in a muffle furnace, and calcination temperature was determined to be 500 °C by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Crystal structure and parameters of MAH and MAO were characterized by X/ray diffraction (XRD), good crystal structure was observed and typical peaks of MAH were detected when 2θ was at 11.5 (003), 23.0 (006), 35.0 (009), and 61.0 (110), respectively. The morphology of calcined precursor, i.e. MAO, was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM);the finer lamellar structure and smaller average size of 3μm was observed. Molding research was performed and confirmed by SEM, the results indicated that the surface bulge and cavity with size of several micrometers were increased, which simultaneously suggested the increasing of specific surface area. The catalytic activity of molding MAO was finally examined by using octanol as starting reagent and ethylene oxide as reactant, and narrower molecular distribution was observed comparing with the traditional catalyst-KOH.展开更多
Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were prepared on Al−Mg laminated macro composites(LMCs)using both unipolar and bipolar waveforms in an appropriate electrolyte for both aluminum and magnesium alloys.The tech...Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were prepared on Al−Mg laminated macro composites(LMCs)using both unipolar and bipolar waveforms in an appropriate electrolyte for both aluminum and magnesium alloys.The techniques of FESEM/EDS,grazing incident beam X-ray diffraction(GIXRD),and electrochemical methods of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)were used to characterize the coatings.The results revealed that the coatings produced using the bipolar waveform exhibited lower porosity and higher thickness than those produced using the unipolar one.The corrosion performance of the specimens’cut edge was investigated using EIS after 1,8,and 12 h of immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.It was observed that the coating produced using the bipolar waveform demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance after 12 h of immersion,with an estimated corrosion resistance of 5.64 kΩ·cm^(2),which was approximately 3 times higher than that of the unipolar coating.Notably,no signs of galvanic corrosion were observed in the LMCs,and only minor corrosion attacks were observed on the magnesium layer in some areas.展开更多
A series of Mg‐Al mixed oxide catalysts are prepared and introduced as efficient irreducible catalysts for the oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines to imine.The structure and surface properties of Mg‐Al oxides ...A series of Mg‐Al mixed oxide catalysts are prepared and introduced as efficient irreducible catalysts for the oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines to imine.The structure and surface properties of Mg‐Al oxides are modulated by changing the Mg/Al ratios,calcination temperature and treatment with probe molecules.Detailed characterization,including X‐ray diffraction,27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,N2‐adsorption,NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption,CO2‐temperature‐programmed desorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of these catalysts.The Mg‐Al oxides with Mg/Al=3exhibit the highest activity in the reaction,which possess a large number of surface weak basic sites and a relatively small number of weak acidic sites.The role of the acidic and basic sites in the reaction process is systematically investigated,and are shown to serve as adsorption and activation sites for amines and alcohols,respectively.Under the synergistic effect of these acid‐base centers,the oxidative coupling process successfully occurs on the surface of Mg‐Al mixed oxides.Compared with the acidic sites,the weak basic sites play a more important role in the catalytic process.The acidic sites are the catalytic centers for the benzyl alcohol activation,which control the reaction rate of the oxidative coupling reaction.展开更多
The dynamic oxidation of molten Mg–Al alloy was investigated via the oxide/metal/oxide(OMO)sandwich method.The characteristics of sandwiches were explored using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray e...The dynamic oxidation of molten Mg–Al alloy was investigated via the oxide/metal/oxide(OMO)sandwich method.The characteristics of sandwiches were explored using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction analyses.The results showed the formation of porous oxide films with varying thicknesses from 0.43 to 16.7 mm.Both the measurements and calculations confirmed the literature findings that the oxidation product consists mainly of MgO and Mg Al_(2)O_(4)compounds.The increase in thickness and amount of folds formed on the oxide films implies the significant effect of aluminum in reducing the oxidation resistance of magnesium.展开更多
A mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide with a hexagonal structure was synthesized with aluminium nitrate and magnesium nitrate as the reagents and sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as the template in the presence of ethylened...A mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide with a hexagonal structure was synthesized with aluminium nitrate and magnesium nitrate as the reagents and sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as the template in the presence of ethylenediamine. The XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and TEM studies indicate that the composite has a hexagonal framework structure and an average pore diameter of 2. 6 nm. The TG/DTA spectra indicate that the decomposition and the removal of the occluded surfactant of the sample take place in a range of 230-550 ℃. The mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide exhibites a highly catalytic activity for the oxyethylation of fatty alcohols. Narrow-range distributed ethoxylates are formed in the presence of the mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide catalyst. The distribution selectivity coefficient（Cx） is 24 when the mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide was used as a catalyst for the oxyethylation of octanol and the average adduct degree of ethoxylates is 6. 4.展开更多
Ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ91 D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in aluminate electrolytes, with Al2O3 nano-additive suspending at different concentrations. Effects of nano-additive concentration on th...Ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ91 D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in aluminate electrolytes, with Al2O3 nano-additive suspending at different concentrations. Effects of nano-additive concentration on the structure, phase composition, hardness and anti-corrosion property of the MAO coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness test and electrochemical method, respectively. The results revealed that Al2O3 nano-particles were mostly incorporated into ceramic coating chemically, transferred into MgAl2O4, rather than being trapped mechanically during MAO process. With the increase of Al2O3 concentration, the voltage-time response, content of MgAl2O4, hardness and anti-corrosion property increased. However, when the concentration varied from 10 g/L to 15 g/L, these behaviors and properties changed only a little. This result indicated that, after the concentration of Al2O3 nano-additive reaching 10 g/L, the incorporation of Al2O3 nano-particles turned into a saturation state, due to the complex process during MAO treatment. Therefore, 10 g/L might be a proper concentration for MAO coating to incorporate Al2O3 nano-particles,展开更多
分别采用尿素法和滴定共沉淀法(包括高过饱和法和低过饱和法)制备了镁铝水滑石,利用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重-差热分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法对镁铝水滑石进行表征,并考察了不同方法制备的镁铝水滑石催化环氧丙烷与甲醇...分别采用尿素法和滴定共沉淀法(包括高过饱和法和低过饱和法)制备了镁铝水滑石,利用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重-差热分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法对镁铝水滑石进行表征,并考察了不同方法制备的镁铝水滑石催化环氧丙烷与甲醇进行醚化反应合成丙二醇单甲醚的性能。表征结果显示,尿素法制备的镁铝水滑石结晶度高、晶粒规整均匀。实验结果表明,尿素法制备的镁铝水滑石的催化活性明显好于高过饱和法制备的镁铝水滑石的催化活性,前者在500℃下煅烧6～7 h 后制得的镁铝复合金属氧化物的催化活性更高,可使环氧丙烷转化率达93.8%,丙二醇单甲醚选择性达97.2%,其中丙二醇单甲伯醚的选择性达100.0%。该催化剂使用后无需处理即可重复使用,是一种稳定性好、选择性高的环境友好催化剂。展开更多
以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢...以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢相比,Ti-Mg脱氧钢中形成了含有TiO_x的复合氧化物,夹杂数量更多且平均尺寸更小(小于1μm),有利于MnS的异质形核析出及弥散分布;低腐蚀活性的含TiOx复合氧化物及高度分散、异质局部析出MnS夹杂具有较低的点蚀敏感性及自腐蚀催化作用,降低了点蚀的诱发及扩展,有效提高了钢的抗点蚀性能。展开更多
文摘Hydrotalcites known as anionic clays are found in nature. Hydrotalcites, hydrotalcite-like compounds, and calcined hydrotalcites (as mixed or complex oxides) as highly active, selective catalysts play an important role in many base/catalyzed reactions. Mg/Al hydrotalcite (MAH) as precursor was used to prepare Mg/Al metal complex oxides (MAO), used as epoxidation catalysts in the current research. In this paper, some primary physical and catalytic properties of MAH and MAO were investigated. The results indicated that the qualified MAH (Mg/Al mol ratio of 3) can be achieved when the suspension was crystallized under 80°C for 16h, and after being filtered, dried at 100 °C for 5h in a oven. MAO was prepared by calcining MAH for 4h in a muffle furnace, and calcination temperature was determined to be 500 °C by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Crystal structure and parameters of MAH and MAO were characterized by X/ray diffraction (XRD), good crystal structure was observed and typical peaks of MAH were detected when 2θ was at 11.5 (003), 23.0 (006), 35.0 (009), and 61.0 (110), respectively. The morphology of calcined precursor, i.e. MAO, was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM);the finer lamellar structure and smaller average size of 3μm was observed. Molding research was performed and confirmed by SEM, the results indicated that the surface bulge and cavity with size of several micrometers were increased, which simultaneously suggested the increasing of specific surface area. The catalytic activity of molding MAO was finally examined by using octanol as starting reagent and ethylene oxide as reactant, and narrower molecular distribution was observed comparing with the traditional catalyst-KOH.
文摘Plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were prepared on Al−Mg laminated macro composites(LMCs)using both unipolar and bipolar waveforms in an appropriate electrolyte for both aluminum and magnesium alloys.The techniques of FESEM/EDS,grazing incident beam X-ray diffraction(GIXRD),and electrochemical methods of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)were used to characterize the coatings.The results revealed that the coatings produced using the bipolar waveform exhibited lower porosity and higher thickness than those produced using the unipolar one.The corrosion performance of the specimens’cut edge was investigated using EIS after 1,8,and 12 h of immersion in a 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution.It was observed that the coating produced using the bipolar waveform demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance after 12 h of immersion,with an estimated corrosion resistance of 5.64 kΩ·cm^(2),which was approximately 3 times higher than that of the unipolar coating.Notably,no signs of galvanic corrosion were observed in the LMCs,and only minor corrosion attacks were observed on the magnesium layer in some areas.
文摘A series of Mg‐Al mixed oxide catalysts are prepared and introduced as efficient irreducible catalysts for the oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines to imine.The structure and surface properties of Mg‐Al oxides are modulated by changing the Mg/Al ratios,calcination temperature and treatment with probe molecules.Detailed characterization,including X‐ray diffraction,27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,N2‐adsorption,NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption,CO2‐temperature‐programmed desorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of these catalysts.The Mg‐Al oxides with Mg/Al=3exhibit the highest activity in the reaction,which possess a large number of surface weak basic sites and a relatively small number of weak acidic sites.The role of the acidic and basic sites in the reaction process is systematically investigated,and are shown to serve as adsorption and activation sites for amines and alcohols,respectively.Under the synergistic effect of these acid‐base centers,the oxidative coupling process successfully occurs on the surface of Mg‐Al mixed oxides.Compared with the acidic sites,the weak basic sites play a more important role in the catalytic process.The acidic sites are the catalytic centers for the benzyl alcohol activation,which control the reaction rate of the oxidative coupling reaction.
文摘The dynamic oxidation of molten Mg–Al alloy was investigated via the oxide/metal/oxide(OMO)sandwich method.The characteristics of sandwiches were explored using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy,and X-ray diffraction analyses.The results showed the formation of porous oxide films with varying thicknesses from 0.43 to 16.7 mm.Both the measurements and calculations confirmed the literature findings that the oxidation product consists mainly of MgO and Mg Al_(2)O_(4)compounds.The increase in thickness and amount of folds formed on the oxide films implies the significant effect of aluminum in reducing the oxidation resistance of magnesium.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.9810B).
文摘A mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide with a hexagonal structure was synthesized with aluminium nitrate and magnesium nitrate as the reagents and sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS） as the template in the presence of ethylenediamine. The XRD, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and TEM studies indicate that the composite has a hexagonal framework structure and an average pore diameter of 2. 6 nm. The TG/DTA spectra indicate that the decomposition and the removal of the occluded surfactant of the sample take place in a range of 230-550 ℃. The mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide exhibites a highly catalytic activity for the oxyethylation of fatty alcohols. Narrow-range distributed ethoxylates are formed in the presence of the mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide catalyst. The distribution selectivity coefficient（Cx） is 24 when the mesoporous Al-Mg composite oxide was used as a catalyst for the oxyethylation of octanol and the average adduct degree of ethoxylates is 6. 4.
文摘Ceramic coatings were prepared on AZ91 D Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） in aluminate electrolytes, with Al2O3 nano-additive suspending at different concentrations. Effects of nano-additive concentration on the structure, phase composition, hardness and anti-corrosion property of the MAO coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness test and electrochemical method, respectively. The results revealed that Al2O3 nano-particles were mostly incorporated into ceramic coating chemically, transferred into MgAl2O4, rather than being trapped mechanically during MAO process. With the increase of Al2O3 concentration, the voltage-time response, content of MgAl2O4, hardness and anti-corrosion property increased. However, when the concentration varied from 10 g/L to 15 g/L, these behaviors and properties changed only a little. This result indicated that, after the concentration of Al2O3 nano-additive reaching 10 g/L, the incorporation of Al2O3 nano-particles turned into a saturation state, due to the complex process during MAO treatment. Therefore, 10 g/L might be a proper concentration for MAO coating to incorporate Al2O3 nano-particles,
文摘分别采用尿素法和滴定共沉淀法(包括高过饱和法和低过饱和法)制备了镁铝水滑石,利用 X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重-差热分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法对镁铝水滑石进行表征,并考察了不同方法制备的镁铝水滑石催化环氧丙烷与甲醇进行醚化反应合成丙二醇单甲醚的性能。表征结果显示,尿素法制备的镁铝水滑石结晶度高、晶粒规整均匀。实验结果表明,尿素法制备的镁铝水滑石的催化活性明显好于高过饱和法制备的镁铝水滑石的催化活性,前者在500℃下煅烧6～7 h 后制得的镁铝复合金属氧化物的催化活性更高,可使环氧丙烷转化率达93.8%,丙二醇单甲醚选择性达97.2%,其中丙二醇单甲伯醚的选择性达100.0%。该催化剂使用后无需处理即可重复使用,是一种稳定性好、选择性高的环境友好催化剂。
文摘以不同脱氧方式熔炼的海洋工程用钢为研究对象,利用SEM、EDS及Image-Pro Plus 6.0软件对钢中夹杂物形貌、组成及尺寸分布等进行表征,通过3.5%NaCl溶液中阳极极化及腐蚀实验对钢中夹杂物诱发点蚀的行为进行探究。结果表明,与Al-Mg脱氧钢相比,Ti-Mg脱氧钢中形成了含有TiO_x的复合氧化物,夹杂数量更多且平均尺寸更小(小于1μm),有利于MnS的异质形核析出及弥散分布;低腐蚀活性的含TiOx复合氧化物及高度分散、异质局部析出MnS夹杂具有较低的点蚀敏感性及自腐蚀催化作用,降低了点蚀的诱发及扩展,有效提高了钢的抗点蚀性能。
