Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,a...Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.展开更多
The thermal decomposition characteristic of ammonium perchlorate(AP)represents a critical factor in determining the performance of solid propellants,which has aroused significant interest on the structure and performa...The thermal decomposition characteristic of ammonium perchlorate(AP)represents a critical factor in determining the performance of solid propellants,which has aroused significant interest on the structure and performance improvement of kinds of catalysts.In this study,bimetallic metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),such as CuCo-BTC(BTC=1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid,H_(3)BTC),CuNi-BTC,and CoNi-BTC,were synthesized by solvothermal(ST)and spray-drying(SD)methods,and then calcined at 400℃for 2 h to form metal oxides.The catalysts as well as their catalytic effects for AP decomposition were characterized by FTIR,XRD,SEM,XPS,TG,DSC,TG-IR,EIS,CV,and LSV.It was found that the rapid coordination of metal ions with ligands during spray drying may lead to catalytic structural defects,promoting the exposure of reactive active sites and increasing the catalytic active region.The results showed that the addition of 2 wt%binary transition metal oxides(BTMOs)as catalysts significantly reduced the high-temperature decomposition(HTD)temperature of AP and enhanced its heat release.Of particular significance is the observation that SD-CoNiO_(x),prepared by spray-drying,reduced the decomposition temperature of AP from 413.26℃(pure AP)to 306℃and enhanced the heat release from 256.79 J/g(pure AP)to 1496.82 J/g,while concomitantly reducing the activation energy by 42%.By analysing the gaseous products during the decomposition of AP+SD-CoNiO_(x)and AP+ST-CoNiO_(x),it was found that SD-CoNiO_(x)could significantly increase the content of high-valent nitrogen oxides during the AP decomposition reaction,which indicates that the BTMOs prepared by spray-drying in the reaction system are more conducive to accelerating the electron transfer in the thermal decomposition process of AP,and can provide a high concentration of reactive oxygen species that oxidize AP to high-valent nitrogen oxide-containing compounds.The present study shows that the structure selectivity of the spray-drying technique influences surfactant molecular arrangement on catalyst surfaces,resulting in their ability to promote higher electron transfer during the catalytic process.Therefore,BTMOs prepared by spray drying method have higher potential for application.展开更多
The reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials during calcium looping(CaL)process are pivotal in the efficiency of CaL thermochemical energy storage(TCES)and CO_(2)capture systems.Currently,metal oxide doping...The reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials during calcium looping(CaL)process are pivotal in the efficiency of CaL thermochemical energy storage(TCES)and CO_(2)capture systems.Currently,metal oxide doping is the primary method to enhance the reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials over multiple cycles.In particular,co-doping with variable-valence metal oxides(VVMOs)can effectively increase the oxygen vacancy content in calcium-based materials,significantly improving their cyclic reaction characteristics.However,there are so numerous VVMOs co-doping schemes that the experimental screening process is complex,consuming considerable time and economic costs.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations have been widely used to reveal the impact of metal oxide doping on the cyclic reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials,with calculation results showing good agreement with experimental conclusions.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of research on utilizing DFT to screen calcium-based materials,and a systematic research methodology has not yet been established.In this study,a systematic DFT-based screening methodology for calcium-based materials was proposed.A series of key parameters for DFT calculations including CO_(2)adsorption energy,oxygen vacancy formation energy,and sintering resistance were proposed.Furthermore,a preliminary mathematical model to predict the CaL TCES and CO_(2)capture performance of calcium-based materials was introduced.The aforementioned DFT method was employed to screen for VVMOs co-doped calcium-based materials.The results revealed that Mn and Ce co-doped calcium-based materials exhibited superior DFT-predicted reaction characteristics.These DFT predictions were validated through experimental assessments of cyclic thermochemical energy storage,CO_(2)capture,and relevant characterization.The outcomes demonstrate a high degree of consistency among DFT-based predictions,experimental results,and characterization.Hence,the DFT-based screening methodology for calcium-based materials proposed herein is a viable solution,poised to offer theoretical insights for the efficient design of calcium-based materials.展开更多
The labels of VU1 and VU2 in Fig.1(b)of the paper[Chin.Phys.B 34046801(2025)]were not correctly placed.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
Two-dimensional(2D)metal oxides(2DMOs),such as MoO_(2),have made impressive strides in recent years,and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and lasers has been d...Two-dimensional(2D)metal oxides(2DMOs),such as MoO_(2),have made impressive strides in recent years,and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and lasers has been demonstrated.However,2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals nature.We report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter scale.We systematically investigate the effects of temperature,homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method,demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and precursor.Afterward,the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals,leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution;by applying this method,the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO_(2)flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale(~464μm)were yielded.Electrical studies have revealed that the 2D MoO_(2)features metallic properties,with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99Ω·square^(-1 )at room temperature,and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature.展开更多
Kagome materials are known for hosting exotic quantum states,including quantum spin liquids,charge density waves,and unconventional superconductivity.The search for kagome monolayers is driven by their ability to exhi...Kagome materials are known for hosting exotic quantum states,including quantum spin liquids,charge density waves,and unconventional superconductivity.The search for kagome monolayers is driven by their ability to exhibit neat and well-defined kagome bands near the Fermi level,which are more easily realized in the absence of interlayer interactions.However,this absence also destabilizes the monolayer forms of many bulk kagome materials,posing significant challenges to their discovery.In this work,we propose a strategy to address this challenge by utilizing oxygen vacancies in transition metal oxides within a“1+3”design framework.Through high-throughput computational screening of 349 candidate materials,we identified 12 thermodynamically stable kagome monolayers with diverse electronic and magnetic properties.These materials were classified into three categories based on their lattice geometry,symmetry,band gaps,and magnetic configurations.Detailed analysis of three representative monolayers revealed kagome band features near their Fermi levels,with orbital contributions varying between oxygen 2p and transition metal d states.This study demonstrates the feasibility of the“1+3”strategy,offering a promising approach to uncovering low-dimensional kagome materials and advancing the exploration of their quantum phenomena.展开更多
The reduction of global carbon emissions and the achievement of carbon neutrality have become the focus of addressing climate change and global warming.Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)RR),as a technology that c...The reduction of global carbon emissions and the achievement of carbon neutrality have become the focus of addressing climate change and global warming.Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)RR),as a technology that can efficiently convert CO_(2) into value-added products,is receiving widespread attention.This article reviews the current research status of Cu/metal oxide heterostructures in the field of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).The review first introduces the importance of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) and the application potential of Cu/metal oxide heterostructures in this field.Subsequently,a comprehensive discussion is presented on the exploration of various Cu/metal oxide heterostructures and their corresponding structure-performance relationship,with particular emphasis on the catalysts'activity,selectivity,stability and the nature of active sites.Lastly,the review provides an overview of the current research challenges and future development trends in this field.展开更多
The increasing demand for solar energy,driven by the climate crisis and carbon neutrality goals,un-derscores the critical importance of aesthetics in solar panel integration across diverse environments,such as buildin...The increasing demand for solar energy,driven by the climate crisis and carbon neutrality goals,un-derscores the critical importance of aesthetics in solar panel integration across diverse environments,such as building-integrated photovoltaics.This study addresses this need by developing angle-insensitive coloration for translucent perovskite-colored solar cells(TPCSCs)to enhance both functionality and con-sumer appeal.By engineering oxide/metal/oxide(OMO)multilayer structures,we achieved consistent col-oration regardless of the viewing angle,overcoming a major challenge in colored solar cell technology.Specifically,ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al-based OMO layers were meticulously optimized to balance visual appeal with photovoltaic efficiency.Our results demonstrate exceptional angular stability,with negligible color shifts observed even at viewing angles exceeding 60°,significantly surpassing the limitations of previ-ous designs,which exhibited sensitivity at 40°.The OMO electrodes exploited distributed Bragg reflector(DBR)properties to amplify interference effects and utilized delocalized plasmonic modes and metal-dielectric-metal(MDM)cavity resonances to achieve vibrant colors.Advanced 3-pair OMO transparent conductive electrodes(TCEs)exhibited stable,angle-insensitive blue coloration,and the resulting translu-cent perovskite solar cell achieved a record-high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 8.25%and an av-erage transmittance of 15.23%,maintaining consistent coloration up to a 60°viewing angle.Additionally,the optoelectronic control layer(OCL)thickness was fine-tuned to precisely target specific wavelengths,enabling a versatile spectrum of colors,including blue,green,yellowish-green,orange,and peach.This pioneering approach not only ensures color fidelity but also enhances the reflectance properties of TPC-SCs.By integrating aesthetic and functional advancements,our research makes a significant contribution to the development of sustainable energy solutions for future smart cities.展开更多
Improving the surface atoms utilization efficiency of catalysts is extremely important for large-scale H_(2)production by electrochemical water splitting,but it remains a great challenge.Herein,we reported two kinds o...Improving the surface atoms utilization efficiency of catalysts is extremely important for large-scale H_(2)production by electrochemical water splitting,but it remains a great challenge.Herein,we reported two kinds of Mo O_(3)-polyoxometalate hybrid nanobelt superstructures(MoO_(3)-POM HNSs,POM=PW_(12)O_(40)and Si W_(12)O_(40))using a simple hydrothermal method.Such superstructure with highly uniform nanoparticles as building blocks can expose more surface atoms and emanate increased specific surface area.The incorporated POMs generated abundant oxygen vacancies,improved the electronic mobility,and modulated the surface electronic structure of MoO_(3),allowing to optimize the H^(*)adsorption/desorption and dehydrogenation kinetics of catalyst.Notably,the as-prepared MoO_(3)-PW_(12)O_(40)HNSs electrodes not only displayed the low overpotentials of 108 mV at 10 mA/cm^(2)current density in 0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte but also displayed excellent long-term stability.The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance of MoO_(3)-POM superstructures is significantly better than that of corresponding bulk materials MoO_(3)@PW_(12)O_(40)and Mo O_(3)@Si W_(12)O_(40),and the overpotentials are about 8.3 and 4.9 times lower than that of single Mo O_(3).This work opens an avenue for designing highly surface-exposed catalysts for electrocatalytic H_(2)production and other electrochemical applications.展开更多
Although the powder Fenton-like catalysts have exhibited high catalytic performances towards pollutant degradation,they cannot be directly used for Fenton-like industrialization considering the problems of loss and re...Although the powder Fenton-like catalysts have exhibited high catalytic performances towards pollutant degradation,they cannot be directly used for Fenton-like industrialization considering the problems of loss and recovery.Therefore,the membrane fixation of catalyst is an important step to realize the actual application of Fenton-like catalysts.In this work,an efficient catalyst was developed with Co-N_(x)configuration facilely reconstructed on the surface of Co_(3)O_(4)(Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)),which exhibited superior catalytic activity.We further fixed the highly efficient Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)onto three kinds of organic membranes and one kind of inorganic ceramic membrane installing with the residual PMS treatment device to investigate its catalytic stability and sustainability.Results indicated that the inorganic ceramic membrane(CM)can achieve high water flux of 710 L m-2h-1,and the similar water flux can be achieved by Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM even without the pressure extraction.We also employed the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system to the wastewater secondary effluent,and the pollutant in complicated secondary effluent could be highly removed by the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system.This paper provides a new point of view for the application of metal-based catalysts with M-N_(x)coordination in catalytic reaction device.展开更多
Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global energy shortages and environmental issues,the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies has become crucial.Zero-dimensional(0D)metal oxid...Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global energy shortages and environmental issues,the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies has become crucial.Zero-dimensional(0D)metal oxide composites exhibit significant application value in the field of energy chemistry due to their unique properties,such as quantum size effect and high specific surface area.From a broad perspective,this paper reviews the main synthesis methods of these composites,including sol-gel method,hydrothermal/solvothermal method,precipitation method,and template method,while analyzing the characteristics of each method.It further discusses their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production,fuel cells,lithium-ion batteries,and supercapacitors.Additionally,the current challenges,such as material dispersibility and interface bonding,are pointed out,and future development directions are prospected,aiming to provide references for related research.展开更多
Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,...Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,and XRD raw data were kept and can be offered.The correct Fig.2 has been provided in this Correction.展开更多
Rare earth metal elements include lanthanide elements as well as scandium and yttrium,totaling seventeen metal elements.Due to the wide application prospects of rare earth metal elements in various fields such as lumi...Rare earth metal elements include lanthanide elements as well as scandium and yttrium,totaling seventeen metal elements.Due to the wide application prospects of rare earth metal elements in various fields such as luminescent materials,magnetic materials,catalytic materials,electronic devices,they have an important strategic position.In the field of electrocatalysis,rare earth metal elements have great potential for development due to their unique 4f electron layer structure,spin orbit coupling,high reactivity,controllable coordination number,and rich optical properties.However,there is currently a lack of systematic reviews on the modification strategies of rare earth metal elements and the latest developments in electrocatalysis.Therefore,in order to stimulate the enthusiasm of researchers,this review focuses on the application progress of rare earth metal element modified metal oxides in multiple fields such as wastewater treatment,hydrogen peroxide synthesis,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)and machine learning assisted research.In depth analysis of its electrocatalytic mechanism in various application scenarios and key factors affecting electrocatalytic performance.This review is of great significance for further developing high-performance and multifunctional electrocatalysts,and is expected to provide strong support for the development of energy,environment,and chemical industries.展开更多
Metal oxide catalysts are widely employed in propane dehydrogenation(PDH)for propylene synthesis,requiring sequential reduction-reaction-regeneration cycles.However,the eff ect of water present in the inlet gas or rea...Metal oxide catalysts are widely employed in propane dehydrogenation(PDH)for propylene synthesis,requiring sequential reduction-reaction-regeneration cycles.However,the eff ect of water present in the inlet gas or reactor on the catalytic per-formance of various metal oxides remains insuffi ciently understood.This study examines the infl uence of water on supported metal oxide catalysts,specifi cally CoO x/Al_(2)O_(3),VO x/Al_(2)O_(3),and an industrial analog CrO x/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst.By combining titration experiments,in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,kinetic analysis,and isotopic techniques,we demon-strate that even trace amounts of water can markedly suppress PDH performance via dissociative adsorption on the oxide surface.Methanol pretreatment eff ectively scavenges adsorbed water,recovering Lewis acid-base sites and consequently restoring PDH activity.This work underscores the profound inhibitory role of trace water in PDH over metal oxide catalysts and illustrates the potential of methanol pretreatment as an effective strategy to mitigate this limitation.展开更多
The use of metal oxides has been extensively documented in the literature and applied in a variety of contexts,including but not limited to energy storage,chemical sensors,and biomedical applications.One of the most s...The use of metal oxides has been extensively documented in the literature and applied in a variety of contexts,including but not limited to energy storage,chemical sensors,and biomedical applications.One of the most significant applications of metal oxides is heterogeneous catalysis,which represents a pivotal technology in industrial production on a global scale.Catalysts serve as the primary enabling agents for chemical reactions,and among the plethora of catalysts,metal oxides including magnesium oxide(MgO),ceria(CeO_(2))and titania(TiO_(2)),have been identified to be particularly effective in catalyzing a variety of reactions[1].Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory(DFT)and a multitude of other quantum chemistry methods have proven invaluable in elucidating the mechanisms of metal-oxide-catalyzed reactions,thereby facilitating the design of high-performance catalysts[2].展开更多
The vibrational resolved spectra of MO_(2)^(-)/MO_(2)(M=Ti,Zr,and Hf)are reported by using photoelectron imaging and theoretical calculations.The results indicate that all the ground states of anionic and neutral MO_(...The vibrational resolved spectra of MO_(2)^(-)/MO_(2)(M=Ti,Zr,and Hf)are reported by using photoelectron imaging and theoretical calculations.The results indicate that all the ground states of anionic and neutral MO_(2)(M=Ti,Zr,and Hf)compounds are formed in bent insertion structures.The observed ground-state adiabatic detachment energy(ADE)is measured to be 1.597±0.003,1.651±0.003,and 2.119±0.003 eV for TiO_(2)^(-),ZrO_(2)^(-),and HfO_(2)^(-),respectively.The vibrational frequencies of the anionic and neutral MO_(2)are also determined from the experimental spectra.The results of theoretical calculations show that the electronic configurations of MO_(2)^(-)are^(2)A_(1)with C_(2v)point group.Bond order analysis indicates that the two M-O bonds are all multiple characters.展开更多
Amorphous two-dimensional transition metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide(2D TMO/TMHO)nanomaterials(NMs)have the properties of both 2D and amorphous materials,displaying outstanding physicochemical qualities.Therefore,they demo...Amorphous two-dimensional transition metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide(2D TMO/TMHO)nanomaterials(NMs)have the properties of both 2D and amorphous materials,displaying outstanding physicochemical qualities.Therefore,they demonstrate considerable promise for use in electrocatalytic water splitting applications.Here,the primary amorphization strategies for achieving the 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are comprehensively reviewed,including low-temperature reaction,rapid reaction,exchange/doping effect,ligand modulation,and interfacial energy confinement.By integrating these strategies with various physicochemical synthesis methods,it is feasible to control the amorphization of TMO/TMHO NMs while maintaining the distinctive benefits of their 2D structures.Furthermore,it delves into the structural advantages of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs in electrocatalytic water splitting,particularly emphasizing recent advancements in enhancing their electrocatalytic performance through interface engineering.The challenges and potential future directions for the precise synthesis and practical application of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are also provided.This review aims to establish a theoretical foundation and offer experimental instructions for developing effective and enduring electrocatalysts for water splitting.展开更多
An important step for achieving the knowledge-based design freedom on nano-and interfacial materials is attained by elucidating the related surface and interface thermodynamics from the first principles so as to allow...An important step for achieving the knowledge-based design freedom on nano-and interfacial materials is attained by elucidating the related surface and interface thermodynamics from the first principles so as to allow engineering the microstructures for desired properties through smartly designing fabrication processing parameters.This is demonstrated for SnO2 nano-particle surfaces and also a technologically important Ag-SnO2 interface fabricated by in-situ internal oxidation.Based on defect thermodynamics,we first modeled and calculated the equilibrium surface and interface structures,and as well corresponding properties,as a function of the ambient temperature and oxygen partial pressure.A series of first principles energetics calculations were then performed to construct the equilibrium surface and interface phase diagrams,to describe the environment dependence of the microstructures and properties of the surfaces and interfaces during fabrication and service conditions.The use and potential application of these phase diagrams as a process design tool were suggested and discussed.展开更多
Nitric oxide （NO） deep oxidation to dinitrogen pentoxide （N2O5） by ozone together with wet scrub-bing has become a promising technology for nitrogen-oxide （NOx） removal in industrial boilers. Catalysts wer...Nitric oxide （NO） deep oxidation to dinitrogen pentoxide （N2O5） by ozone together with wet scrub-bing has become a promising technology for nitrogen-oxide （NOx） removal in industrial boilers. Catalysts were introduced to enhance the N2O5 formation rate with less ozone injection and leakage. A series of monometallic catalysts （manganese, cobalt, cerium, iron, copper, and chromium） as pre-pared by the sol-gel method were tested. The manganese oxides achieved an almost 80% conver-sion efficiency at an ozone （O3）/NO molar ratio of 2.0 in 0.12 s. The crystalline structure and porous parameters were determined. The thermodynamic reaction threshold of NO conversion to N2O5 is oxidation with an O3/NO molar ratio of 1.5. Spherical alumina was selected as the support to achieve the threshold, which was believed to improve the catalytic activity by increasing the surface area and the gas-solid contact time. Based on the manganese oxides, cerium, iron, chromium, cop-per, and cobalt were introduced as promoters. Cerium and iron improved the deep-oxidation effi-ciency compared with manganese/spherical alumina, with less than 50 mg/m3 of outlet NO ＋ nitro-gen oxide, and less than 25 mg/m3 of residual ozone at an O3/NO molar ratio of 1.5. The other three metal oxides inhibited catalytic activity. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen tempera-ture-programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the cata-lytic activity is affected by the synergistic action of NOx oxidation and ozone decomposition.展开更多
Highly dispersed metals,metal oxides and their composites on substrates have received considerable interest in catalysis and lithium-ion batteries,because of their superior properties compared with their single-compon...Highly dispersed metals,metal oxides and their composites on substrates have received considerable interest in catalysis and lithium-ion batteries,because of their superior properties compared with their single-component counterparts.In this review,we introduce the properties of supercritical carbon dioxide（scCO2） expanded ethanol,such as low viscosity,near-zero surface tension and high diffusivity.We discuss the deposition procedure and formation mechanism of carbon-based composites in scCO2-expanded ethanol.This method has been used to fabricate several carbon-based composites,such as metal and metal oxide composites deposited on zero-dimensional colloidal carbon,one-dimensional carbon nanotubes,two-dimensional graphene,and three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon.These materials and their performance as anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries will also be reviewed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52374292)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation, China (No. BWLCF202309)the Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City, China (No. KQ2208271)。
文摘Some active metal oxides(Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and Cr_(2)O_(3))were selected as dopants to the Al_(2)O_(3)-based ceramic shells for investment casting of K417G superalloy.The effects of dopant types and contents(0,2,5,and 8 wt.%)on the wettability and interfacial reaction between the alloy and shell were investigated by a sessile-drop experiment.The results show that increasing the Al_(2)O_(3) doping contents(0−8 wt.%)reduces the porosity(21.74%−10.08%)and roughness(3.22−1.34μm)of the shell surface.The increase in Cr_(2)O_(3) dopant content(2−8 wt.%)further exacerbates the interfacial reaction,leading to an increase in the thickness of the reaction layer(2.6−3.1μm)and a decrease in the wetting angle(93.9°−91.0°).The addition of Al_(2)O_(3) and TiO_(2) dopants leads to the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5) composite oxides in the reaction products,which effectively inhibits the interfacial reaction.The increase in TiO_(2) dopant contents(0−8 wt.%)further promotes the formation of Al_(2)TiO_(5),which decreases the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer(3.9−1.2μm)and increases the wetting angle(95.0°−103.8°).The introduced dopants enhance the packing density of the shell surface,while simultaneously suppress the diffusion of active metal elements from the alloy matrix to the interface.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant No.52203332)。
文摘The thermal decomposition characteristic of ammonium perchlorate(AP)represents a critical factor in determining the performance of solid propellants,which has aroused significant interest on the structure and performance improvement of kinds of catalysts.In this study,bimetallic metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),such as CuCo-BTC(BTC=1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid,H_(3)BTC),CuNi-BTC,and CoNi-BTC,were synthesized by solvothermal(ST)and spray-drying(SD)methods,and then calcined at 400℃for 2 h to form metal oxides.The catalysts as well as their catalytic effects for AP decomposition were characterized by FTIR,XRD,SEM,XPS,TG,DSC,TG-IR,EIS,CV,and LSV.It was found that the rapid coordination of metal ions with ligands during spray drying may lead to catalytic structural defects,promoting the exposure of reactive active sites and increasing the catalytic active region.The results showed that the addition of 2 wt%binary transition metal oxides(BTMOs)as catalysts significantly reduced the high-temperature decomposition(HTD)temperature of AP and enhanced its heat release.Of particular significance is the observation that SD-CoNiO_(x),prepared by spray-drying,reduced the decomposition temperature of AP from 413.26℃(pure AP)to 306℃and enhanced the heat release from 256.79 J/g(pure AP)to 1496.82 J/g,while concomitantly reducing the activation energy by 42%.By analysing the gaseous products during the decomposition of AP+SD-CoNiO_(x)and AP+ST-CoNiO_(x),it was found that SD-CoNiO_(x)could significantly increase the content of high-valent nitrogen oxides during the AP decomposition reaction,which indicates that the BTMOs prepared by spray-drying in the reaction system are more conducive to accelerating the electron transfer in the thermal decomposition process of AP,and can provide a high concentration of reactive oxygen species that oxidize AP to high-valent nitrogen oxide-containing compounds.The present study shows that the structure selectivity of the spray-drying technique influences surfactant molecular arrangement on catalyst surfaces,resulting in their ability to promote higher electron transfer during the catalytic process.Therefore,BTMOs prepared by spray drying method have higher potential for application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276204 and U22A20435)。
文摘The reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials during calcium looping(CaL)process are pivotal in the efficiency of CaL thermochemical energy storage(TCES)and CO_(2)capture systems.Currently,metal oxide doping is the primary method to enhance the reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials over multiple cycles.In particular,co-doping with variable-valence metal oxides(VVMOs)can effectively increase the oxygen vacancy content in calcium-based materials,significantly improving their cyclic reaction characteristics.However,there are so numerous VVMOs co-doping schemes that the experimental screening process is complex,consuming considerable time and economic costs.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations have been widely used to reveal the impact of metal oxide doping on the cyclic reaction characteristics of calcium-based materials,with calculation results showing good agreement with experimental conclusions.Nevertheless,there is still a lack of research on utilizing DFT to screen calcium-based materials,and a systematic research methodology has not yet been established.In this study,a systematic DFT-based screening methodology for calcium-based materials was proposed.A series of key parameters for DFT calculations including CO_(2)adsorption energy,oxygen vacancy formation energy,and sintering resistance were proposed.Furthermore,a preliminary mathematical model to predict the CaL TCES and CO_(2)capture performance of calcium-based materials was introduced.The aforementioned DFT method was employed to screen for VVMOs co-doped calcium-based materials.The results revealed that Mn and Ce co-doped calcium-based materials exhibited superior DFT-predicted reaction characteristics.These DFT predictions were validated through experimental assessments of cyclic thermochemical energy storage,CO_(2)capture,and relevant characterization.The outcomes demonstrate a high degree of consistency among DFT-based predictions,experimental results,and characterization.Hence,the DFT-based screening methodology for calcium-based materials proposed herein is a viable solution,poised to offer theoretical insights for the efficient design of calcium-based materials.
文摘The labels of VU1 and VU2 in Fig.1(b)of the paper[Chin.Phys.B 34046801(2025)]were not correctly placed.The correct figure is provided.This modification does not affect the result presented in the paper.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3608703 and 2023YFB3608700)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(Nos.2021ZZ122 and 2020ZZ110)Fujian provincial projects(Nos.2021HZ0114 and 2021J01583).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)metal oxides(2DMOs),such as MoO_(2),have made impressive strides in recent years,and their applicability in a number of fields such as electronic devices,optoelectronic devices and lasers has been demonstrated.However,2DMOs present challenges in their synthesis using conventional methods due to their non-van der Waals nature.We report that KCl acts as a flux to prepare large-area 2DMOs with sub-millimeter scale.We systematically investigate the effects of temperature,homogeneous time and cooling rate on the products in the flux method,demonstrating that in this reaction a saturated homogenous solution is obtained upon the melting of the salt and precursor.Afterward,the cooling rate was adjusted to regulate the thickness of the target crystals,leading to the precipitation of 2D non-layered material from the supersaturated solution;by applying this method,the highly crystalline non-layered 2D MoO_(2)flakes with so far the largest lateral size of up to sub-millimeter scale(~464μm)were yielded.Electrical studies have revealed that the 2D MoO_(2)features metallic properties,with an excellent sheet resistance as low as 99Ω·square^(-1 )at room temperature,and exhibits a property of charge density wave in the measurement of resistivity as a function of temperature.
基金financial support from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104504,52461160327 and 92477205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China[Grant Nos.22XNKJ30(W.J.)and 24XNKJ17(C.W.)]。
文摘Kagome materials are known for hosting exotic quantum states,including quantum spin liquids,charge density waves,and unconventional superconductivity.The search for kagome monolayers is driven by their ability to exhibit neat and well-defined kagome bands near the Fermi level,which are more easily realized in the absence of interlayer interactions.However,this absence also destabilizes the monolayer forms of many bulk kagome materials,posing significant challenges to their discovery.In this work,we propose a strategy to address this challenge by utilizing oxygen vacancies in transition metal oxides within a“1+3”design framework.Through high-throughput computational screening of 349 candidate materials,we identified 12 thermodynamically stable kagome monolayers with diverse electronic and magnetic properties.These materials were classified into three categories based on their lattice geometry,symmetry,band gaps,and magnetic configurations.Detailed analysis of three representative monolayers revealed kagome band features near their Fermi levels,with orbital contributions varying between oxygen 2p and transition metal d states.This study demonstrates the feasibility of the“1+3”strategy,offering a promising approach to uncovering low-dimensional kagome materials and advancing the exploration of their quantum phenomena.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX23_0120)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275088 and 52101260)+3 种基金the Project of Shuangchuang Scholar of Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCBS20210212)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30921011203)the Start-Up Grant(No.AE89991/340)from Nanjing University of Science and Technology,the Foundation of Jiangsu Educational Committee(No.22KJB310008)the Senior Talent Program of Jiangsu University(No.20JDG073).
文摘The reduction of global carbon emissions and the achievement of carbon neutrality have become the focus of addressing climate change and global warming.Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)RR),as a technology that can efficiently convert CO_(2) into value-added products,is receiving widespread attention.This article reviews the current research status of Cu/metal oxide heterostructures in the field of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2).The review first introduces the importance of electrochemical reduction of CO_(2) and the application potential of Cu/metal oxide heterostructures in this field.Subsequently,a comprehensive discussion is presented on the exploration of various Cu/metal oxide heterostructures and their corresponding structure-performance relationship,with particular emphasis on the catalysts'activity,selectivity,stability and the nature of active sites.Lastly,the review provides an overview of the current research challenges and future development trends in this field.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-RS-2023-00217270,RS-2023-00212744,and RS-2024-00436187)the Fundamental Research Program(PNKA390)of the Korean Institute of Materials Science(KIMS)+1 种基金the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea govern-ment(MSIT)(No.GTL24041-000)the Energy Technology De-velopment Program of the Korean Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)(Grant No.RS-2023-00301944).
文摘The increasing demand for solar energy,driven by the climate crisis and carbon neutrality goals,un-derscores the critical importance of aesthetics in solar panel integration across diverse environments,such as building-integrated photovoltaics.This study addresses this need by developing angle-insensitive coloration for translucent perovskite-colored solar cells(TPCSCs)to enhance both functionality and con-sumer appeal.By engineering oxide/metal/oxide(OMO)multilayer structures,we achieved consistent col-oration regardless of the viewing angle,overcoming a major challenge in colored solar cell technology.Specifically,ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al-based OMO layers were meticulously optimized to balance visual appeal with photovoltaic efficiency.Our results demonstrate exceptional angular stability,with negligible color shifts observed even at viewing angles exceeding 60°,significantly surpassing the limitations of previ-ous designs,which exhibited sensitivity at 40°.The OMO electrodes exploited distributed Bragg reflector(DBR)properties to amplify interference effects and utilized delocalized plasmonic modes and metal-dielectric-metal(MDM)cavity resonances to achieve vibrant colors.Advanced 3-pair OMO transparent conductive electrodes(TCEs)exhibited stable,angle-insensitive blue coloration,and the resulting translu-cent perovskite solar cell achieved a record-high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 8.25%and an av-erage transmittance of 15.23%,maintaining consistent coloration up to a 60°viewing angle.Additionally,the optoelectronic control layer(OCL)thickness was fine-tuned to precisely target specific wavelengths,enabling a versatile spectrum of colors,including blue,green,yellowish-green,orange,and peach.This pioneering approach not only ensures color fidelity but also enhances the reflectance properties of TPC-SCs.By integrating aesthetic and functional advancements,our research makes a significant contribution to the development of sustainable energy solutions for future smart cities.
基金financially supported by the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(Nos.YDZJ202201ZYTS313,YDZJ202201ZYTS395,20240402072GH,and 20240101004JJ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201097 and 52171210)。
文摘Improving the surface atoms utilization efficiency of catalysts is extremely important for large-scale H_(2)production by electrochemical water splitting,but it remains a great challenge.Herein,we reported two kinds of Mo O_(3)-polyoxometalate hybrid nanobelt superstructures(MoO_(3)-POM HNSs,POM=PW_(12)O_(40)and Si W_(12)O_(40))using a simple hydrothermal method.Such superstructure with highly uniform nanoparticles as building blocks can expose more surface atoms and emanate increased specific surface area.The incorporated POMs generated abundant oxygen vacancies,improved the electronic mobility,and modulated the surface electronic structure of MoO_(3),allowing to optimize the H^(*)adsorption/desorption and dehydrogenation kinetics of catalyst.Notably,the as-prepared MoO_(3)-PW_(12)O_(40)HNSs electrodes not only displayed the low overpotentials of 108 mV at 10 mA/cm^(2)current density in 0.5 mol/L H_(2)SO_(4)electrolyte but also displayed excellent long-term stability.The hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance of MoO_(3)-POM superstructures is significantly better than that of corresponding bulk materials MoO_(3)@PW_(12)O_(40)and Mo O_(3)@Si W_(12)O_(40),and the overpotentials are about 8.3 and 4.9 times lower than that of single Mo O_(3).This work opens an avenue for designing highly surface-exposed catalysts for electrocatalytic H_(2)production and other electrochemical applications.
基金supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China(Nos.52170086,22308194,U22A20423)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021ME013)+1 种基金Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211012)Shandong Provincial Excellent Youth(No.ZR2022YQ47)。
文摘Although the powder Fenton-like catalysts have exhibited high catalytic performances towards pollutant degradation,they cannot be directly used for Fenton-like industrialization considering the problems of loss and recovery.Therefore,the membrane fixation of catalyst is an important step to realize the actual application of Fenton-like catalysts.In this work,an efficient catalyst was developed with Co-N_(x)configuration facilely reconstructed on the surface of Co_(3)O_(4)(Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)),which exhibited superior catalytic activity.We further fixed the highly efficient Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)onto three kinds of organic membranes and one kind of inorganic ceramic membrane installing with the residual PMS treatment device to investigate its catalytic stability and sustainability.Results indicated that the inorganic ceramic membrane(CM)can achieve high water flux of 710 L m-2h-1,and the similar water flux can be achieved by Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM even without the pressure extraction.We also employed the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system to the wastewater secondary effluent,and the pollutant in complicated secondary effluent could be highly removed by the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system.This paper provides a new point of view for the application of metal-based catalysts with M-N_(x)coordination in catalytic reaction device.
文摘Against the backdrop of increasingly prominent global energy shortages and environmental issues,the development of efficient energy conversion and storage technologies has become crucial.Zero-dimensional(0D)metal oxide composites exhibit significant application value in the field of energy chemistry due to their unique properties,such as quantum size effect and high specific surface area.From a broad perspective,this paper reviews the main synthesis methods of these composites,including sol-gel method,hydrothermal/solvothermal method,precipitation method,and template method,while analyzing the characteristics of each method.It further discusses their applications in photocatalytic hydrogen production,fuel cells,lithium-ion batteries,and supercapacitors.Additionally,the current challenges,such as material dispersibility and interface bonding,are pointed out,and future development directions are prospected,aiming to provide references for related research.
文摘Following publication of the original article[1],the authors found that they pasted the same data when drawing XRD for sample NCO-1 and NCO-2 in Fig.2a,however,the XRD of all four samples in the manuscript was tested,and XRD raw data were kept and can be offered.The correct Fig.2 has been provided in this Correction.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3708005)The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(No.63241208)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21872102 and 22172080)。
文摘Rare earth metal elements include lanthanide elements as well as scandium and yttrium,totaling seventeen metal elements.Due to the wide application prospects of rare earth metal elements in various fields such as luminescent materials,magnetic materials,catalytic materials,electronic devices,they have an important strategic position.In the field of electrocatalysis,rare earth metal elements have great potential for development due to their unique 4f electron layer structure,spin orbit coupling,high reactivity,controllable coordination number,and rich optical properties.However,there is currently a lack of systematic reviews on the modification strategies of rare earth metal elements and the latest developments in electrocatalysis.Therefore,in order to stimulate the enthusiasm of researchers,this review focuses on the application progress of rare earth metal element modified metal oxides in multiple fields such as wastewater treatment,hydrogen peroxide synthesis,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)and machine learning assisted research.In depth analysis of its electrocatalytic mechanism in various application scenarios and key factors affecting electrocatalytic performance.This review is of great significance for further developing high-performance and multifunctional electrocatalysts,and is expected to provide strong support for the development of energy,environment,and chemical industries.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507800)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.22121004,22122808,22478279,and 22108201)+1 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Trans-formations,the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Uni-versities(No.BP0618007)the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Metal oxide catalysts are widely employed in propane dehydrogenation(PDH)for propylene synthesis,requiring sequential reduction-reaction-regeneration cycles.However,the eff ect of water present in the inlet gas or reactor on the catalytic per-formance of various metal oxides remains insuffi ciently understood.This study examines the infl uence of water on supported metal oxide catalysts,specifi cally CoO x/Al_(2)O_(3),VO x/Al_(2)O_(3),and an industrial analog CrO x/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst.By combining titration experiments,in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,kinetic analysis,and isotopic techniques,we demon-strate that even trace amounts of water can markedly suppress PDH performance via dissociative adsorption on the oxide surface.Methanol pretreatment eff ectively scavenges adsorbed water,recovering Lewis acid-base sites and consequently restoring PDH activity.This work underscores the profound inhibitory role of trace water in PDH over metal oxide catalysts and illustrates the potential of methanol pretreatment as an effective strategy to mitigate this limitation.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3500700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22473042,22003016,and 92145302).
文摘The use of metal oxides has been extensively documented in the literature and applied in a variety of contexts,including but not limited to energy storage,chemical sensors,and biomedical applications.One of the most significant applications of metal oxides is heterogeneous catalysis,which represents a pivotal technology in industrial production on a global scale.Catalysts serve as the primary enabling agents for chemical reactions,and among the plethora of catalysts,metal oxides including magnesium oxide(MgO),ceria(CeO_(2))and titania(TiO_(2)),have been identified to be particularly effective in catalyzing a variety of reactions[1].Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory(DFT)and a multitude of other quantum chemistry methods have proven invaluable in elucidating the mechanisms of metal-oxide-catalyzed reactions,thereby facilitating the design of high-performance catalysts[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273065)Shandong Energy institute(SEI U202312)"Strategic Priority Research Program"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA02020000).
文摘The vibrational resolved spectra of MO_(2)^(-)/MO_(2)(M=Ti,Zr,and Hf)are reported by using photoelectron imaging and theoretical calculations.The results indicate that all the ground states of anionic and neutral MO_(2)(M=Ti,Zr,and Hf)compounds are formed in bent insertion structures.The observed ground-state adiabatic detachment energy(ADE)is measured to be 1.597±0.003,1.651±0.003,and 2.119±0.003 eV for TiO_(2)^(-),ZrO_(2)^(-),and HfO_(2)^(-),respectively.The vibrational frequencies of the anionic and neutral MO_(2)are also determined from the experimental spectra.The results of theoretical calculations show that the electronic configurations of MO_(2)^(-)are^(2)A_(1)with C_(2v)point group.Bond order analysis indicates that the two M-O bonds are all multiple characters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0703700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12034002)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.FRF-IDRY-23-033)。
文摘Amorphous two-dimensional transition metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide(2D TMO/TMHO)nanomaterials(NMs)have the properties of both 2D and amorphous materials,displaying outstanding physicochemical qualities.Therefore,they demonstrate considerable promise for use in electrocatalytic water splitting applications.Here,the primary amorphization strategies for achieving the 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are comprehensively reviewed,including low-temperature reaction,rapid reaction,exchange/doping effect,ligand modulation,and interfacial energy confinement.By integrating these strategies with various physicochemical synthesis methods,it is feasible to control the amorphization of TMO/TMHO NMs while maintaining the distinctive benefits of their 2D structures.Furthermore,it delves into the structural advantages of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs in electrocatalytic water splitting,particularly emphasizing recent advancements in enhancing their electrocatalytic performance through interface engineering.The challenges and potential future directions for the precise synthesis and practical application of amorphous 2D TMO/TMHO NMs are also provided.This review aims to establish a theoretical foundation and offer experimental instructions for developing effective and enduring electrocatalysts for water splitting.
基金Project(51171211) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-10-0837) supported by the Chinese Ministry of Education's Supportive Program for New Century Excellent Talents in UniversitiesProject(2006BAE03B03) supported by the Chinese National Science and Technology Supportive Program
文摘An important step for achieving the knowledge-based design freedom on nano-and interfacial materials is attained by elucidating the related surface and interface thermodynamics from the first principles so as to allow engineering the microstructures for desired properties through smartly designing fabrication processing parameters.This is demonstrated for SnO2 nano-particle surfaces and also a technologically important Ag-SnO2 interface fabricated by in-situ internal oxidation.Based on defect thermodynamics,we first modeled and calculated the equilibrium surface and interface structures,and as well corresponding properties,as a function of the ambient temperature and oxygen partial pressure.A series of first principles energetics calculations were then performed to construct the equilibrium surface and interface phase diagrams,to describe the environment dependence of the microstructures and properties of the surfaces and interfaces during fabrication and service conditions.The use and potential application of these phase diagrams as a process design tool were suggested and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51422605)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang,China(LR16E060001)~~
文摘Nitric oxide （NO） deep oxidation to dinitrogen pentoxide （N2O5） by ozone together with wet scrub-bing has become a promising technology for nitrogen-oxide （NOx） removal in industrial boilers. Catalysts were introduced to enhance the N2O5 formation rate with less ozone injection and leakage. A series of monometallic catalysts （manganese, cobalt, cerium, iron, copper, and chromium） as pre-pared by the sol-gel method were tested. The manganese oxides achieved an almost 80% conver-sion efficiency at an ozone （O3）/NO molar ratio of 2.0 in 0.12 s. The crystalline structure and porous parameters were determined. The thermodynamic reaction threshold of NO conversion to N2O5 is oxidation with an O3/NO molar ratio of 1.5. Spherical alumina was selected as the support to achieve the threshold, which was believed to improve the catalytic activity by increasing the surface area and the gas-solid contact time. Based on the manganese oxides, cerium, iron, chromium, cop-per, and cobalt were introduced as promoters. Cerium and iron improved the deep-oxidation effi-ciency compared with manganese/spherical alumina, with less than 50 mg/m3 of outlet NO ＋ nitro-gen oxide, and less than 25 mg/m3 of residual ozone at an O3/NO molar ratio of 1.5. The other three metal oxides inhibited catalytic activity. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen tempera-ture-programmed reduction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the cata-lytic activity is affected by the synergistic action of NOx oxidation and ozone decomposition.
基金supported by the international cooperation project(21311140166) of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Japan Science Promotion Society(NNSFC-JSPS),NNSFC(21273222)Shandong Province Science and Technology Program(2014GGX102020)+1 种基金Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(J14LC08)the Doctoral Scientific Research Start-Up Foundation of Qufu Normal University,and the Science and Technology Program of Qufu Normal University(xkj201508)~~
文摘Highly dispersed metals,metal oxides and their composites on substrates have received considerable interest in catalysis and lithium-ion batteries,because of their superior properties compared with their single-component counterparts.In this review,we introduce the properties of supercritical carbon dioxide（scCO2） expanded ethanol,such as low viscosity,near-zero surface tension and high diffusivity.We discuss the deposition procedure and formation mechanism of carbon-based composites in scCO2-expanded ethanol.This method has been used to fabricate several carbon-based composites,such as metal and metal oxide composites deposited on zero-dimensional colloidal carbon,one-dimensional carbon nanotubes,two-dimensional graphene,and three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon.These materials and their performance as anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries will also be reviewed.
