Purpose:After the concepts of first-class universities,first-class research disciplines,and firstclass undergraduate education,China’s Ministry of Education(MOE)proposed a new concept of first-class undergraduate maj...Purpose:After the concepts of first-class universities,first-class research disciplines,and firstclass undergraduate education,China’s Ministry of Education(MOE)proposed a new concept of first-class undergraduate major programs and also proposed policy initiatives for relevant selection and funding.This article provides an in-depth analysis of the motives,historical background,policy texts,core concepts,and unintended consequences of the policy and proposes six criticisms.Design/Approach/Methods:This education policy analysis article uses two research methods.The first is a content analysis that focuses on policy text.The second is comparative and historical research that focuses on the history of the undergraduate education organization model in China and the background of the four first-class concepts.Findings:This article argues that the first-class major programs in undergraduate education include provincial-level points of these programs,which stealthily narrowed the scope for comparison from potentially the whole world to that of provinces.The policy also essentially strengthened the traditional concept of zhuanye as a physical unit and caused unintended consequences in its attempts to cultivate innovative talents and to adjust the zhuanye structure.Originality/Value:This article addresses a new education policy in China and its unintended consequences.展开更多
In this papert the theory of major efficiency for multiobjective programmingis established.The major-efficient solutions and weakly major-efficient solutions of multiobjective programming given here are Pareto efficie...In this papert the theory of major efficiency for multiobjective programmingis established.The major-efficient solutions and weakly major-efficient solutions of multiobjective programming given here are Pareto efficient solutions of the same multiobjectiveprogramming problem, but the converse is not true. In a ceratin sense , these solutionsare in fact better than any other Pareto efficient solutions. Some basic theorems whichcharacterize major-efficient solutions and weakly major-efficient solutions of multiobjective programming are stated and proved. Furthermore,the existence and some geometricproperties of these solutions are studied.展开更多
Business English Major is the key specialty in Jiangsu Maritime Institute.Grasping and understanding the situation of graduates is of very important meaning to the major construction and the personnel cultivating prog...Business English Major is the key specialty in Jiangsu Maritime Institute.Grasping and understanding the situation of graduates is of very important meaning to the major construction and the personnel cultivating program.This article is mainly about the investigation and survey of graduate of 2011,and rational suggestions will be put forward on improving the quality of graduate and the major construction and the personnel cultivating program.展开更多
A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors （e.g., eco...A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors （e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance）. In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model （IPAPSOM） is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households’income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying （or risk of violating） system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty.展开更多
文摘Purpose:After the concepts of first-class universities,first-class research disciplines,and firstclass undergraduate education,China’s Ministry of Education(MOE)proposed a new concept of first-class undergraduate major programs and also proposed policy initiatives for relevant selection and funding.This article provides an in-depth analysis of the motives,historical background,policy texts,core concepts,and unintended consequences of the policy and proposes six criticisms.Design/Approach/Methods:This education policy analysis article uses two research methods.The first is a content analysis that focuses on policy text.The second is comparative and historical research that focuses on the history of the undergraduate education organization model in China and the background of the four first-class concepts.Findings:This article argues that the first-class major programs in undergraduate education include provincial-level points of these programs,which stealthily narrowed the scope for comparison from potentially the whole world to that of provinces.The policy also essentially strengthened the traditional concept of zhuanye as a physical unit and caused unintended consequences in its attempts to cultivate innovative talents and to adjust the zhuanye structure.Originality/Value:This article addresses a new education policy in China and its unintended consequences.
文摘In this papert the theory of major efficiency for multiobjective programmingis established.The major-efficient solutions and weakly major-efficient solutions of multiobjective programming given here are Pareto efficient solutions of the same multiobjectiveprogramming problem, but the converse is not true. In a ceratin sense , these solutionsare in fact better than any other Pareto efficient solutions. Some basic theorems whichcharacterize major-efficient solutions and weakly major-efficient solutions of multiobjective programming are stated and proved. Furthermore,the existence and some geometricproperties of these solutions are studied.
文摘Business English Major is the key specialty in Jiangsu Maritime Institute.Grasping and understanding the situation of graduates is of very important meaning to the major construction and the personnel cultivating program.This article is mainly about the investigation and survey of graduate of 2011,and rational suggestions will be put forward on improving the quality of graduate and the major construction and the personnel cultivating program.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41130748, 41101162)the Key Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-304)
文摘A large number of mathematical models were developed for supporting agricultural production structure optimization decisions; however, few of them can address various uncertainties existing in many factors （e.g., eco-social benefit maximization, food security, employment stability and ecosystem balance）. In this study, an interval-probabilistic agricultural production structure optimization model （IPAPSOM） is formulated for tackling uncertainty presented as discrete intervals and/or probability distribution. The developed model improves upon the existing probabilistic programming and inexact optimization approaches. The IPAPSOM considers not only food security policy constraints, but also involves rural households’income increase and eco-environmental conversation, which can effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in an agricultural production structure optimization system. Moreover, it can also help examine the reliability of satisfying （or risk of violating） system constraints under uncertainty. The model is applied to a real case of long-term agricultural production structure optimization in Dancheng County, which is located in Henan Province of Central China as one of the major grain producing areas. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation are obtained. The results are useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system benefit conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify the desired agricultural production structure optimization strategy under uncertainty.
