具有较优垂直分辨率和反演精度的MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)数据与MOPITT(Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere)数据在上对流层—下平流层(UT-LS)区域有一个交集,因而将MOPITT与MLS测量的200 hPa高度上CO数据进行对比分析...具有较优垂直分辨率和反演精度的MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)数据与MOPITT(Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere)数据在上对流层—下平流层(UT-LS)区域有一个交集,因而将MOPITT与MLS测量的200 hPa高度上CO数据进行对比分析。比较结果显示,两者在中低纬度分布较为接近,在非洲中西部、南美中北部和东南亚地区均有大范围高值中心区存在;MOPITT CO在浓度值上明显高于MLS CO,并且MOPITT CO浓度在低纬度存在约35 ppb(10^-6)的全球性系统性偏差。通过CALIOP云层数据对MOPITT和MLS CO差异原因进行分析,表明CO高值区的形成与旺盛的对流有关。展开更多
目前CO的模式模拟结果与实际观测存在着很大的差别,需要结合观测资料的分析研究来验证和改善模式能力。而南亚地区源汇的复杂性和站点观测资料的严重不足,使得对该地区CO分布与变化特征的认识更为有限。本文尝试使用2000-2011年MOPITT...目前CO的模式模拟结果与实际观测存在着很大的差别,需要结合观测资料的分析研究来验证和改善模式能力。而南亚地区源汇的复杂性和站点观测资料的严重不足,使得对该地区CO分布与变化特征的认识更为有限。本文尝试使用2000-2011年MOPITT卫星资料,分析该地区CO的气候态空间分布特征,并结合再分析风场和卫星出射长波辐射资料,对大气运动影响CO分布进行探讨。主要结论是：1）南亚对流层中上层四季都存在CO高浓度带,其位置随着季节有南北变化,其中夏季高值带范围最小,但极值最大。2）在南亚季风区东侧,夏季对流层CO垂直廓线呈连续的高值分布,而在西侧对流层中上层出现孤立的高值分布,验证了东风急流的水平输送效果。3）CO浓度的季节变化在南北（27.5°N/12.5°S）纬度基本反相,并且在12年内500 h Pa高度上呈减少趋势,而在300 h Pa高度上有增加趋势。4）南亚中上对流层CO浓度值的分布和赤道附近垂直风场之间存在较好的相关性,对于该区域CO的来源问题提供了一个新的研究方向。展开更多
A new method is developed to calculate monthly CO emission data using MOZART modeled and MOPITT observed CO data in 2004. New CO emission data were obtained with budget analysis of the processes controlling CO concent...A new method is developed to calculate monthly CO emission data using MOZART modeled and MOPITT observed CO data in 2004. New CO emission data were obtained with budget analysis of the processes controlling CO concentration such as surface emission, transport, chemical transform and dry deposition. MOPITT data were used to constrain the model simulation. New CO emission data agree well with Horowitz’s emissions in the spatial distributions. Horowitz’s emissions are found to underes- timate CO emissions significantly in the industrial areas of Asia and North America, where high CO emissions are mainly due to the anthropogenic activities. New CO emissions can better reflect the more recent CO actual emissions than Horowitz’s.展开更多
This paper discusses the retrieval scheme associated with the gas correlated radiometer MOPITT which will be on board of EOS-AM1 to measure the global vertical profiles of carbon monoxide. The vertical resolution and ...This paper discusses the retrieval scheme associated with the gas correlated radiometer MOPITT which will be on board of EOS-AM1 to measure the global vertical profiles of carbon monoxide. The vertical resolution and retrieval errors caused by errors in the temperature profiles and in the surface temperature have been assessed. The main results are: a. Assuming the noise equivalent radiance (NER) of 1.8 × 105 W m-2 sr-1, the surface temperature can be deduced from the wide band signals with uncertainty less than 1 K, and the atmospheric term of the modulated signal can be deduced with errors almost equal to the NER which does not significantly increase errors in the retrieved CO profiles. b. With typical uncertainty in temperature profiles, errors in the retrieved profiles at latitudes lower than 70? are generally less than 20% with the first guess of 100 ppbv. (If a better first guess was used, the errors may decrease). c. By incorporating the total column CO amount derived from the reflected solar radiation in 2.3 Μm spectral region into the retrieval, the accuracy of the retrieved CO profile below 6 km may be greatly improved. d. In the retrieval experiment with 10 CO profiles representing the typical CO profiles, the r.m.s. relative/ absolute errors of the retrieved CO profiles are about 10% / 15-20 ppbv.展开更多
A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount（CO TC） in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of ZSS（Zvenigorod）, ZOTTO（Central Siberia）, Peterhof, Bei...A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount（CO TC） in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of ZSS（Zvenigorod）, ZOTTO（Central Siberia）, Peterhof, Beijing, and Moscow,during 1998–2014, on the basis of ground-and satellite-based spectroscopic measurements. Interannual variations of CO TC in different regions of Eurasia were obtained from ground-based spectroscopic observations, combined with satellite data from the sensors MOPITT（2001–14）, AIRS（2003–14）, and IASI Met Op-A（2010–13）. A decreasing trend in CO TC（1998–2014） was found at the urban site of Beijing, where CO TC decreased by 1.14% ± 0.87% yr^（-1）. Meanwhile, at the Moscow site, CO TC decreased remarkably by 3.73% ± 0.39% yr^（-1）. In the background regions（ZSS, ZOTTO, Peterhof）, the reduction was 0.9%–1.7% yr^（-1） during the same period. Based on the AIRSv6 satellite data for the period 2003–14, a slight decrease（0.4%–0.6% yr^（-1）） of CO TC was detected over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, while a reduction of 0.9%–1.2% yr^（-1） was found in Southeast Asia. The degree of correlation between the CO TC derived from satellite products（MOPITTv6 Joint, AIRSv6 and IASI Met Op-A） and ground-based measurements was calculated, revealing significant correlation in unpolluted regions.While in polluted areas, IASI Met Op-A and AIRSv6 data underestimated CO TC by a factor of 1.5–2.8. On average, the correlation coefficient between ground-and satellite-based data increased significantly for cases with PBL heights greater than 500 m.展开更多
South Mato Grosso has been developing very rapidly in recent decades, and it is clearly leaving behind the status of being solely an agricultural region to become an important state in the areas of commerce and indust...South Mato Grosso has been developing very rapidly in recent decades, and it is clearly leaving behind the status of being solely an agricultural region to become an important state in the areas of commerce and industry. Nevertheless, it is still possible to observe the harmful effects of atmospheric pollution due to biomass burning activities, even if those actions are being systematically reduced in the state throughout the past several years. This kind of pollution persists not only due to local activities but also due to the pollution of other states and even other border countries. Satellite remote sensing has proven to be an important tool of environmental control vis-à-vis the ease of data acquisition, accuracy and wide temporal range. A study has been conducted of spatial and temporal concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the state of South Mato Grosso from 2001 through 2012 using the MOPITT sensor onboard the TERRA satellite. The carbon monoxide comes principally from the incomplete combustion of vehicles engines and biomass burnings. A direct correlation of the CO concentration in the state of South Mato Grosso is observed precisely during the months of drought (August to October), for which the number of fire outbreaks is the highest of the year.展开更多
文摘具有较优垂直分辨率和反演精度的MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)数据与MOPITT(Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere)数据在上对流层—下平流层(UT-LS)区域有一个交集,因而将MOPITT与MLS测量的200 hPa高度上CO数据进行对比分析。比较结果显示,两者在中低纬度分布较为接近,在非洲中西部、南美中北部和东南亚地区均有大范围高值中心区存在;MOPITT CO在浓度值上明显高于MLS CO,并且MOPITT CO浓度在低纬度存在约35 ppb(10^-6)的全球性系统性偏差。通过CALIOP云层数据对MOPITT和MLS CO差异原因进行分析,表明CO高值区的形成与旺盛的对流有关。
文摘目前CO的模式模拟结果与实际观测存在着很大的差别,需要结合观测资料的分析研究来验证和改善模式能力。而南亚地区源汇的复杂性和站点观测资料的严重不足,使得对该地区CO分布与变化特征的认识更为有限。本文尝试使用2000-2011年MOPITT卫星资料,分析该地区CO的气候态空间分布特征,并结合再分析风场和卫星出射长波辐射资料,对大气运动影响CO分布进行探讨。主要结论是：1）南亚对流层中上层四季都存在CO高浓度带,其位置随着季节有南北变化,其中夏季高值带范围最小,但极值最大。2）在南亚季风区东侧,夏季对流层CO垂直廓线呈连续的高值分布,而在西侧对流层中上层出现孤立的高值分布,验证了东风急流的水平输送效果。3）CO浓度的季节变化在南北（27.5°N/12.5°S）纬度基本反相,并且在12年内500 h Pa高度上呈减少趋势,而在300 h Pa高度上有增加趋势。4）南亚中上对流层CO浓度值的分布和赤道附近垂直风场之间存在较好的相关性,对于该区域CO的来源问题提供了一个新的研究方向。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40575060 and 40318001)
文摘A new method is developed to calculate monthly CO emission data using MOZART modeled and MOPITT observed CO data in 2004. New CO emission data were obtained with budget analysis of the processes controlling CO concentration such as surface emission, transport, chemical transform and dry deposition. MOPITT data were used to constrain the model simulation. New CO emission data agree well with Horowitz’s emissions in the spatial distributions. Horowitz’s emissions are found to underes- timate CO emissions significantly in the industrial areas of Asia and North America, where high CO emissions are mainly due to the anthropogenic activities. New CO emissions can better reflect the more recent CO actual emissions than Horowitz’s.
文摘This paper discusses the retrieval scheme associated with the gas correlated radiometer MOPITT which will be on board of EOS-AM1 to measure the global vertical profiles of carbon monoxide. The vertical resolution and retrieval errors caused by errors in the temperature profiles and in the surface temperature have been assessed. The main results are: a. Assuming the noise equivalent radiance (NER) of 1.8 × 105 W m-2 sr-1, the surface temperature can be deduced from the wide band signals with uncertainty less than 1 K, and the atmospheric term of the modulated signal can be deduced with errors almost equal to the NER which does not significantly increase errors in the retrieved CO profiles. b. With typical uncertainty in temperature profiles, errors in the retrieved profiles at latitudes lower than 70? are generally less than 20% with the first guess of 100 ppbv. (If a better first guess was used, the errors may decrease). c. By incorporating the total column CO amount derived from the reflected solar radiation in 2.3 Μm spectral region into the retrieval, the accuracy of the retrieved CO profile below 6 km may be greatly improved. d. In the retrieval experiment with 10 CO profiles representing the typical CO profiles, the r.m.s. relative/ absolute errors of the retrieved CO profiles are about 10% / 15-20 ppbv.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0504000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41575034 and 41175030)+1 种基金the Russian Science Foundation [Grant Nos. 14-47-00049 (ZOTTO and Beijing data), 16-17-10275 (Moscow and ZSS data) and 14-17-00096 (Peterhof data analysis)]the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 16-05-00732)
文摘A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount（CO TC） in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of ZSS（Zvenigorod）, ZOTTO（Central Siberia）, Peterhof, Beijing, and Moscow,during 1998–2014, on the basis of ground-and satellite-based spectroscopic measurements. Interannual variations of CO TC in different regions of Eurasia were obtained from ground-based spectroscopic observations, combined with satellite data from the sensors MOPITT（2001–14）, AIRS（2003–14）, and IASI Met Op-A（2010–13）. A decreasing trend in CO TC（1998–2014） was found at the urban site of Beijing, where CO TC decreased by 1.14% ± 0.87% yr^（-1）. Meanwhile, at the Moscow site, CO TC decreased remarkably by 3.73% ± 0.39% yr^（-1）. In the background regions（ZSS, ZOTTO, Peterhof）, the reduction was 0.9%–1.7% yr^（-1） during the same period. Based on the AIRSv6 satellite data for the period 2003–14, a slight decrease（0.4%–0.6% yr^（-1）） of CO TC was detected over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, while a reduction of 0.9%–1.2% yr^（-1） was found in Southeast Asia. The degree of correlation between the CO TC derived from satellite products（MOPITTv6 Joint, AIRSv6 and IASI Met Op-A） and ground-based measurements was calculated, revealing significant correlation in unpolluted regions.While in polluted areas, IASI Met Op-A and AIRSv6 data underestimated CO TC by a factor of 1.5–2.8. On average, the correlation coefficient between ground-and satellite-based data increased significantly for cases with PBL heights greater than 500 m.
文摘South Mato Grosso has been developing very rapidly in recent decades, and it is clearly leaving behind the status of being solely an agricultural region to become an important state in the areas of commerce and industry. Nevertheless, it is still possible to observe the harmful effects of atmospheric pollution due to biomass burning activities, even if those actions are being systematically reduced in the state throughout the past several years. This kind of pollution persists not only due to local activities but also due to the pollution of other states and even other border countries. Satellite remote sensing has proven to be an important tool of environmental control vis-à-vis the ease of data acquisition, accuracy and wide temporal range. A study has been conducted of spatial and temporal concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in the state of South Mato Grosso from 2001 through 2012 using the MOPITT sensor onboard the TERRA satellite. The carbon monoxide comes principally from the incomplete combustion of vehicles engines and biomass burnings. A direct correlation of the CO concentration in the state of South Mato Grosso is observed precisely during the months of drought (August to October), for which the number of fire outbreaks is the highest of the year.
