Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
Heavy metal(loid)(HM)pollution in agricultural soils has become an environmental concern in antimony(Sb)mining areas.However,priority pollution sources identification and deep understanding of environmental risks of H...Heavy metal(loid)(HM)pollution in agricultural soils has become an environmental concern in antimony(Sb)mining areas.However,priority pollution sources identification and deep understanding of environmental risks of HMs face great challenges due to multiple and complex pollution sources coexist.Herein,an integrated approach was conducted to distinguish pollution sources and assess human health risk(HHR)and ecological risk(ER)in a typical Sb mining watershed in Southern China.This approach combines absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and positivematrix factorization(PMF)models with ER and HHR assessments.Four pollution sources were distinguished for both models,and APCS-MLR model was more accurate and plausible.Predominant HM concentration source was natural source(39.1%),followed by industrial and agricultural activities(23.0%),unknown sources(21.5%)and Sb mining and smelting activities(16.4%).Although natural source contributed the most to HM concentrations,it did not pose a significant ER.Industrial and agricultural activities predominantly contributed to ER,and attention should be paid to Cd and Sb.Sb mining and smelting activities were primary anthropogenic sources of HHR,particularly Sb and As contaminations.Considering ER and HHR assessments,Sb mining and smelting,and industrial and agricultural activities are critical sources,causing serious ecological and health threats.This study showed the advantages of multiple receptor model application in obtaining reliable source identification and providing better source-oriented risk assessments.HM pollution management,such as regulating mining and smelting and implementing soil remediation in polluted agricultural soils,is strongly recommended for protecting ecosystems and humans.展开更多
Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were screened.The surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation...Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were screened.The surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation of Fe(II)and Mn(II)by Pseudomonas taiwanensis(marked as P4)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(marked as G1)contains rich reactive oxygen functional groups,which play critical roles in the removal efficiency and immobilization of heavymetal(loid)s in co-contamination system.The isolated strains P4 and G1 can growwell in the following environments:pH 5-9,NaCl 0-4%,and temperature 20-30℃.The removal efficiencies of Fe,Pb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn are effective after inoculation of the strains P4 and G1 in the simulated water system(the initial concentrations of heavy metal(loid)were 1 mg/L),approximately reaching 96%,92%,85%,67%,70%,54%and 15%,respectively.The exchangeable and carbonate bound As,Cd,Pb and Cu are more inclined to convert to the Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions in P4 and G1 treated soil,thereby reducing the phytoavailability and bioaccessible of heavy metal(loid)s.This research provides alternatives method to treat water and soil containing high concentrations of multi-heavy metal(loid)s.展开更多
Objective Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)or metal(loid)s individually has been associated with neural tube defects(NTDs).However,the impacts of PAH and metal(loid)co-exposure and potential interacti...Objective Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)or metal(loid)s individually has been associated with neural tube defects(NTDs).However,the impacts of PAH and metal(loid)co-exposure and potential interaction effects on NTD risk remain unclear.We conducted a case-control study in China among population with a high prevalence of NTDs to investigate the combined effects of PAH and metal(loid)exposures on the risk of NTD.Methods Cases included 80 women who gave birth to offspring with NTDs,whereas controls were 50 women who delivered infants with no congenital malformations.We analyzed the levels of placental PAHs using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry,PAH-DNA adducts with 32P-post-labeling method,and metal(loid)s with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Unconditional logistic regression was employed to estimate the associations between individual exposures and NTDs.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)penalized regression models were used to select a subset of exposures,while additive interaction models were used to identify interaction effects.Results In the single-exposure models,we found that eight PAHs,PAH-DNA adducts,and 28 metal(loid)s were associated with NTDs.Pyrene,selenium,molybdenum,cadmium,uranium,and rubidium were selected through LASSO regression and were statistically associated with NTDs in the multiple-exposure models.Women with high levels of pyrene and molybdenum or pyrene and selenium exhibited significantly increased risk of having offspring with NTDs,indicating that these combinations may have synergistic effects on the risk of NTDs.Conclusion Our findings suggest that individual PAHs and metal(loid)s,as well as their interactions,may be associated with the risk of NTDs,which warrants further investigation.展开更多
随着PON(无源光网络)技术的广泛应用,OLT和ONU设备的种类与规模日益增多,给网络管理带来了更大的挑战,尤其是在设备发现和监控方面。为了解决这一问题和提高PON网络的管理效率,本研究提出了一种基于LOID(Logical ONU Identifier)认证机...随着PON(无源光网络)技术的广泛应用,OLT和ONU设备的种类与规模日益增多,给网络管理带来了更大的挑战,尤其是在设备发现和监控方面。为了解决这一问题和提高PON网络的管理效率,本研究提出了一种基于LOID(Logical ONU Identifier)认证机制的自适应协议算法实现ONU发现方法。通过采集OLT设备中的LOID信息,实现ONU设备的自动发现与动态认证,按照场景自适应选择相应的协议算法来实现OLT及ONU设备信息的采集,并采用多线程技术加速设备发现的过程。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提升网络设备管理效率,并为PON网络的自动化运维提供了有力支持。展开更多
Evaluating petroleum contamination risk and implementing remedial measures in agricultural soil rely on indicators such as soil metal(loid)s and microbiome alterations.However,the response of these indicators to petro...Evaluating petroleum contamination risk and implementing remedial measures in agricultural soil rely on indicators such as soil metal(loid)s and microbiome alterations.However,the response of these indicators to petroleum contamination remains under-investigated.The present study investigated the soil physicochemical features,metal(loid)s,microbial communities and networks,and phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)community structures in soil samples collected from long-(LC)and short-term(SC)petroleum-contaminated oil fields.The results showed that petroleum contamination increased the levels of soil total petroleum hydrocarbon,carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,calcium,copper,manganese,lead,and zinc,and decreased soil pH,microbial biomass,bacterial and fungal diversity.Petroleum led to a rise in the abundances of soil Proteobacteria,Ascomycota,Oleibacter,and Fusarium.Network analyses showed that the number of network links(Control vs.SC,LC=1181 vs.700,1021),nodes(Control vs.SC,LC=90 vs.71,83)and average degree(Control vs.SC,LC=26.244 vs.19.718,24.602)recovered as the duration of contamination increased.Petroleum contamination also reduced the concentration of soil PLFAs,especially bacterial.These results demonstrate that brief exposure to high levels of petroleum contamination alters the physicochemical characteristics of the soil as well as the composition of soil metal(loid)s andmicroorganisms,leading to a less diverse soilmicrobial network that is more susceptible to damage.Future research should focus on the culturable microbiome of soil under petroleum contamination to provide a theoretical basis for further remediation.展开更多
Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting sites.It is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental manageme...Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting sites.It is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental management and remediation strategies of non-ferrous smelting sites.In this study,203 soil samples from 57 sites were collected in a typical lead smelting site.The findings demonstrated that there were significant Pb,Zn,Cd,and As contamination in soil samples.The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s showed strong spatial heterogeneity,the contaminated soil areas of Pb,As,Cd,and Zn were 99.5%,98.9%,85.3%,and 72.4%,respectively.Pb,Cd,and As contamination of the soil reached a depth of 5 m,which migrated from the surface to deep soil layers.The leaching contents of Zn,Pb,and As decreased obviously in 3-4 m soil layer,but the leaching content of Cd was still high,which indicated the high migration of Cd.With the increase of depth,the proportion of acid soluble fraction of heavy metal(loid)s decreased,and the residual fraction increased.The acid soluble fraction of Cd accounted for a higher proportion,and As mainly existed in reducible and residual fractions in soil.According to the calculation of the migration factor,the migration of heavy metal(loid)s in soils were ordered as Cd>Zn>Pb>As.The outcomes are advantageous for risk reduction and site remediation for non-ferrous metal smelting sites.展开更多
Metal smelting have brought severe metal(loid)s contamination to the soil.Spatial distribution and pollution source analysis for soil metal(loid)s in an abandoned lead/zinc smelter were studied.The results showed that...Metal smelting have brought severe metal(loid)s contamination to the soil.Spatial distribution and pollution source analysis for soil metal(loid)s in an abandoned lead/zinc smelter were studied.The results showed that soil was contaminated heavily withmetal(loid)s.The mean of lead(Pb),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg)and antimony(Sb)content in topsoil is 9.7,8.2,5.0,2.3,and 1.2 times higher than the risk screening value for soil contamination of development land of China(GB36600-2018),respectively.Cd ismainly enriched in the 0–6mdepth of site soil while As and Pbmainly deposited in the 0–4mlayer.The spatial distribution of soil metal(loid)s is significantly correlated with the pollution source in the different functional areas of smelter.As,Hg,Sb,Pb and copper(Cu)were mainly distributed in pyrometallurgical area,while Cd,thallium(Tl)and zinc(Zn)was mainly existed in both hydrometallurgical area and raw material storage area.Soil metal(loid)s pollution sources in the abandoned smelter are mainly contributed to the anthropogenic sources,accounting for 84.5%.Specifically,Pb,Tl,As,Hg,Sb and Cumainly from atmospheric deposition(55.9%),Cd and Zn mainly from surface runoff(28.6%),While nickel(Ni)mainly comes from parent material(15.5%).The results clarified the spatial distribution and their sources in different functional areas of the smelter,providing a new thought for the risk prevention and control of metal(loid)s in polluted site soil.展开更多
Heavy metal (loid)(HM) accumulation in the soil and the HM spatiotemporal distribution have important implication for soil pollution prevention and remediation. The present study investigated the concentrations and sp...Heavy metal (loid)(HM) accumulation in the soil and the HM spatiotemporal distribution have important implication for soil pollution prevention and remediation. The present study investigated the concentrations and spatiotemporal distributions of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) in the topsoil of a coal chemical plant in Ningxia Aulonomous region (Ningxia), China. Topsoil samples (/?= 153) were obtained using the checkerboard method, and the HM concentrations were determined. The soil residual rates of the five HMs were measured with leaching experinients and were applied in a soil environmental capacity model to predict the quarHitiHive variation of the HM concentrations. The predicted results were employed to estimate the HM spatiotemporal distribution within 2() years with the Kriging technique. The number of sampling sites, where all five HM concentratio ns exceed their corresponding background values in Ningxia, would be increased from 0 to 90% within 1() years of the plant operation. In addition, Pb and Cd were distributed along the traffic routes. Mercury and As were distributed near fuel gas emission vents. Chromium was mainly accumulated in slag dumps. The study may provide the theoretical and practical foun d at ion for future HM pollution control in coal chemical plants.展开更多
Because of the rapid development of industrial processes, increased urban pollution and agricultural chemicals applied in recent years, heavy metal(loid) pollution in soil has been very serious, and there is an urgent...Because of the rapid development of industrial processes, increased urban pollution and agricultural chemicals applied in recent years, heavy metal(loid) pollution in soil has been very serious, and there is an urgent need for fast and efficient removal of heavy metal(loid) pollution. Currently, environmental microorganisms are always used to perform biological alteration or improvement of soils and sewage. Using functional microorganisms that are resistant to toxic heavy metal(loid) ions for alteration and transformation of heavy metal(loid)s in ionic form is an effective measure for microbial remediation of heavy metal(loid)contaminated soil. This paper reviewed the microbial remediation mechanism of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils, and the approaches for breeding bacteria those can be used for highly efficient removal of heavy metal(loid)s, as well as the application examples of microbial remediation and transformation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil, and finally described the future trends and further research work of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils by microbial remediation.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed ...This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.展开更多
Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)pollution has become a common and complex problem in industrial parks due to rapid industrialization and urbanization.Here,soil and groundwater were sampled from a retired industrial park to inv...Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)pollution has become a common and complex problem in industrial parks due to rapid industrialization and urbanization.Here,soil and groundwater were sampled from a retired industrial park to investigate the pollution characteristics of HMs.Results show that Ni,Pb,Cr,Zn,Cd,and Cu were the typical HMs in the soil.Source analysis with the positive matrix factorization model indicates that HMs in the topsoil stemmed from industrial activities,traffic emission,and natural source,and the groundwater HMs originated from industrial activities,groundwater-soil interaction,groundwater-rock interaction,and atmosphere deposition.The sequential extraction of soil HMs reveals that As and Hg were mainly distributed in the residue fraction,while Ni,Pb,Cr,Zn,Cd,and Cu mainly existed in the mobile fraction.Most HMs either in the total concentration or in the bioavailable fraction preferred to retain in soil as indicated by their high soil-water partitioning coefficients(K_(d)),and the K_(d) values were correlated with soil pH,groundwater redox potential,and dissolved oxygen.The relative stable soil-groundwater circumstance and the low active fraction contents limited the vertical migration of soil HMs and their release to groundwater.These findings increase our knowledge about HMs pollution characteristics of traditional industrial parks and provide a protocol for HMs pollution scrutinizing in large zones.展开更多
Nowadays,more people tend to spend their recreational time in large national parks,and trace metal(loid)s in soils have attracted long-term attention due to their possible harm to human health.To investigate the pollu...Nowadays,more people tend to spend their recreational time in large national parks,and trace metal(loid)s in soils have attracted long-term attention due to their possible harm to human health.To investigate the pollution levels,potential sources and health risks of trace metal(loid)s in road soils,a total of eight trace metal(loid)s(including As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Hg)from 47 soil samples along roads were studied in the Huangshan National Park in Southeast China.The results showed that the concentrations of As,Cd,Pb,Zn and Hg appeared different degrees of pollution compared with their corresponding background values.According to the pollution indices,Hg and Cd were recognized as significant pollutants presenting moderate to high ecological risk.Combining principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model,the results showed that traffic,industrial,agricultural and natural sources were the potential origins of trace metal(loid)s in this area,with contribution rates of 39.93%,25.92%,10.53%and 23.62%,respectively.Non-carcinogenic risks were all negligible,while the carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the limit(1×10^(-6)).Moreover,children were more susceptible to trace metal(loid)s by ingestion which appeared to be a more important exposure pathway than dermal contact and inhalation.The contribution rates of different sources to non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were similar among children and adults,while traffic and industrial sources have a significant impact on health risks.This study will give more insights to control the environmental risks of trace metal(loid)s in national parks.展开更多
Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk asse...Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.展开更多
Global ecosystems and public health have been greatly impacted by the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in water.Source-specific risk apportionment is needed to prevent and manage potential groundwater contamination ...Global ecosystems and public health have been greatly impacted by the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in water.Source-specific risk apportionment is needed to prevent and manage potential groundwater contamination with heavy metal(loid)s.The heavy metal(loid)s contamination status,water quality,ecological risk,and health risk apportionment of the Shule River Basin groundwater are poorly understood.Therefore,field sampling was performed to explore the water quality and risk of heavy metal(loid)s in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin in northwestern China.A total of 96 samples were collected from the study area to acquire data for water quality and heavy metal(loid)s risk.There was noticeable accumulation of ferrum in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin.The levels of pollution were considered to be moderately low,as evaluated by the degree of contamination,heavy metal evaluation index,heavy metal pollution index,and Nemerow pollution index.The ecological risks were also low.However,an assessment of the water quality index revealed that only 58.34%of the groundwater samples had good water quality.The absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression model was more suited for this study area than the positive matrix factorization model.There were no obvious noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic concerns for all types of receptors according to the values of the total hazard index and total carcinogenic risk.The human activities and the initial geological environment factor(65.85%)was the major source of noncarcinogenic risk(residential children:87.56%;residential adults:87.52%;recreational children:86.77%;and recreational adults:85.42%),while the industrial activity factor(16.36%)was the major source of carcinogenic risk(residential receptors:87.96%;and recreational receptors:68.73%).These findings provide fundamental and crucial information for reducing the health issues caused by heavy metal(loid)s contamination of groundwater in arid areas.展开更多
The anthill soil is used by hypertensive elderly and teenagers from Oshikoto region (Namibia) and many of them testified stabilization of their blood pressure to normal after consuming the anthill soil-derived aqueous...The anthill soil is used by hypertensive elderly and teenagers from Oshikoto region (Namibia) and many of them testified stabilization of their blood pressure to normal after consuming the anthill soil-derived aqueous extracts. This study therefore investigated and/or assessed the physicochemical parameters, the contents of some metal(loid)s (and their associated potential health risks) and the qualitative composition of bioactive compounds of this anthill soil. The homogenous soil sample collected from various anthill soils in the Oshikoto region was used to obtain the measurements of physiochemical parameters. The elemental contents were determined (using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer) after acid digestion in accordance with the EPA method 350B and their potential health risk assessments were performed. Methanol, aqueous methanol, and aqueous-based extracts were generated via maceration extraction process prior to the screening of bioactive compounds using standard diagnostic assays. The oxidation reduction potential (164.4 ± 16.6 mV) was the only physicochemical parameter whose value was within the World Health Organization limits for drinking water whereas, total dissolved solids (23 ± 5.5 mg/L), electrical conductivity (44 ± 10.1 uS/cm) and pH (5.35 ± 0.33) were out of specifications. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were present in anthill soil (with respect to the extractants used) to which its antihypertensive properties can be attributed in addition to some of the studied mineral components. With respect to the pH, TDS and EC, and the contents of most metal(loid)s in relation to their health risk assessment values, the results suggest that aqueous extracts derived from this anthill soil can be deemed unsuitable for human consumption.展开更多
Metal(loid)pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture,garnering extensive public attention.Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways,le...Metal(loid)pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture,garnering extensive public attention.Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways,leading to food chain contamination via plant uptake and subsequent animal exposure.This poses a serious threat to environmental quality,food security,and human health.Hence,the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil is an urgent concern demanding immediate attention.Presently,the majority of research papers concentrate on established,isolated remediation technologies,often overlooking comprehensive field management approaches.It is imperative to provide a comprehensive summary of remediation technologies and identify future development directions.This review aims to comprehensively summarize a range of soil remediation and enhancement technologies,incorporating insights from multiple disciplines including physics,chemistry,biology,and their interdisciplinary intersections.The review examines the mechanisms of action,suitable scenarios,advantages,disadvantages,and benefits associated with each remediation technology.Particularly relevant is the examination of metal(loid)sources,as well as the mechanisms behind both established and innovative,efficient remediation and enhancement technologies.Additionally,the future evolution of remediation technologies are considered with the aim of offering a scientific research foundation and inspiration to fellow researchers.This is intended to facilitate the advancement of remediation technologies and establish a robust foundation for sustainable development of soil.展开更多
Biochar has a large specific surface area,well-developed pore structure,abundant surface functional groups,and superior nutrient supply capacity,which is widely available and environmentally friendly with its advantag...Biochar has a large specific surface area,well-developed pore structure,abundant surface functional groups,and superior nutrient supply capacity,which is widely available and environmentally friendly with its advantages in waste resource utilization,heavy metal(loid)remediation,and carbon storage.This review focuses on the interactions between biochar(including raw biochar,functional biochar(modified/engineered/designer biochar),and composite biochar)and rhizosphere during the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal(loid)s(Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Co,Cu,Ni,Zn,Cr,etc.)and the effects of these interactions on the microbial communities and root exudates(enzymes and low-molecular-weight organic acids(LMWOAs)).In terms of microorganisms,biochar affects the composition,diversity,and structure of microbial communities through the supply of nutrients,provision of microbial colonization sites,immobilization of heavy metal(loid)s,and introduction of exogenous microorganisms.With regard to root exudates,biochar provides electron transfer support between the microorganisms and exudates,regulates the secretion of enzymes to resist the oxidative stress stimulated by heavy metal(loid)s,ameliorates rhizosphere acidification caused by LMWOAs,and promotes the activity of soil enzymes.The roles and mechanisms of biochar on rhizosphere soils are discussed,as well as the challenges of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soils,and the issues that need to be addressed in future research are foreseen.展开更多
Hainan Island is the most important tropical fruit production area in China.In this study,372 soil samples and corresponding fruit and irrigation water samples were collected from Hainan orchards and analysed to deter...Hainan Island is the most important tropical fruit production area in China.In this study,372 soil samples and corresponding fruit and irrigation water samples were collected from Hainan orchards and analysed to determine the concentrations of six heavy metal(loid)s:Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,and Cu.The pollution status,potential risks,possible sources,and spatial distribution patterns of soil heavy metal(loid)s were comprehensively investigated.The fruit and irrigation water samples had negligible amounts of heavy metal(loid)s,and the potential human health risk for fruit consumers was at a safe level.The heavy metal(loid)concentrations in most soil samples were lower than the national risk screening values.However,significant local accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s,especially Cd,Cr,and Cu,relative to their background values was observed.Moreover,the combined effects of the heavy metal(loid)s only led to a mild pollution level and low ecological risk throughout the study area.Noncarcinogenic risks were not observed among the local residents,and carcinogenic risks were within an acceptable range.The acidic soil in the study area increased the risk of soil Cd pollution,and organic matter affected the distribution of the tested metal(loid)s in the soil.Uncommon geogenic sources with high background values were the sources of Cr and Cu,anthropogenic activities primarily led to Cd,Pb,and As contamination,and a combination of anthropogenic and natural sources was responsible for Hg emissions.The research suggested that appropriate strategies must be implemented to track and reduce soil heavy metal contaminants in the northern and western region of the Hainan orchard area.The results can provide valuable information for policies on pollution prevention and management,the environment,and human health protection in the study region.展开更多
Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks.Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs,the related toxicity mechanis...Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks.Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs,the related toxicity mechanisms,and pollution control,their relationship remains a mystery.Researchers generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human health.Indeed,the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence,transport,and fate of HMs in the environment.Therefore,we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical properties.Furthermore,the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route,toxicity mechanism,and adverse consequences.In addition,the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were summarized.Finally,based on the research trend,we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms,and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42107394)the Major Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71991483)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.BSRF202309).
文摘Heavy metal(loid)(HM)pollution in agricultural soils has become an environmental concern in antimony(Sb)mining areas.However,priority pollution sources identification and deep understanding of environmental risks of HMs face great challenges due to multiple and complex pollution sources coexist.Herein,an integrated approach was conducted to distinguish pollution sources and assess human health risk(HHR)and ecological risk(ER)in a typical Sb mining watershed in Southern China.This approach combines absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and positivematrix factorization(PMF)models with ER and HHR assessments.Four pollution sources were distinguished for both models,and APCS-MLR model was more accurate and plausible.Predominant HM concentration source was natural source(39.1%),followed by industrial and agricultural activities(23.0%),unknown sources(21.5%)and Sb mining and smelting activities(16.4%).Although natural source contributed the most to HM concentrations,it did not pose a significant ER.Industrial and agricultural activities predominantly contributed to ER,and attention should be paid to Cd and Sb.Sb mining and smelting activities were primary anthropogenic sources of HHR,particularly Sb and As contaminations.Considering ER and HHR assessments,Sb mining and smelting,and industrial and agricultural activities are critical sources,causing serious ecological and health threats.This study showed the advantages of multiple receptor model application in obtaining reliable source identification and providing better source-oriented risk assessments.HM pollution management,such as regulating mining and smelting and implementing soil remediation in polluted agricultural soils,is strongly recommended for protecting ecosystems and humans.
基金supported d by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1802905).
文摘Two strains of Fe/Mn oxidizing bacteria tolerant to high concentrations of multiple heavy metal(loid)s and efficient decontamination for them were screened.The surface of the bio-Fe/Mn oxides produced by the oxidation of Fe(II)and Mn(II)by Pseudomonas taiwanensis(marked as P4)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(marked as G1)contains rich reactive oxygen functional groups,which play critical roles in the removal efficiency and immobilization of heavymetal(loid)s in co-contamination system.The isolated strains P4 and G1 can growwell in the following environments:pH 5-9,NaCl 0-4%,and temperature 20-30℃.The removal efficiencies of Fe,Pb,As,Zn,Cd,Cu,and Mn are effective after inoculation of the strains P4 and G1 in the simulated water system(the initial concentrations of heavy metal(loid)were 1 mg/L),approximately reaching 96%,92%,85%,67%,70%,54%and 15%,respectively.The exchangeable and carbonate bound As,Cd,Pb and Cu are more inclined to convert to the Fe-Mn oxide bound fractions in P4 and G1 treated soil,thereby reducing the phytoavailability and bioaccessible of heavy metal(loid)s.This research provides alternatives method to treat water and soil containing high concentrations of multi-heavy metal(loid)s.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.2021YFC2701001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81973056).
文摘Objective Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)or metal(loid)s individually has been associated with neural tube defects(NTDs).However,the impacts of PAH and metal(loid)co-exposure and potential interaction effects on NTD risk remain unclear.We conducted a case-control study in China among population with a high prevalence of NTDs to investigate the combined effects of PAH and metal(loid)exposures on the risk of NTD.Methods Cases included 80 women who gave birth to offspring with NTDs,whereas controls were 50 women who delivered infants with no congenital malformations.We analyzed the levels of placental PAHs using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry,PAH-DNA adducts with 32P-post-labeling method,and metal(loid)s with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.Unconditional logistic regression was employed to estimate the associations between individual exposures and NTDs.Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)penalized regression models were used to select a subset of exposures,while additive interaction models were used to identify interaction effects.Results In the single-exposure models,we found that eight PAHs,PAH-DNA adducts,and 28 metal(loid)s were associated with NTDs.Pyrene,selenium,molybdenum,cadmium,uranium,and rubidium were selected through LASSO regression and were statistically associated with NTDs in the multiple-exposure models.Women with high levels of pyrene and molybdenum or pyrene and selenium exhibited significantly increased risk of having offspring with NTDs,indicating that these combinations may have synergistic effects on the risk of NTDs.Conclusion Our findings suggest that individual PAHs and metal(loid)s,as well as their interactions,may be associated with the risk of NTDs,which warrants further investigation.
文摘随着PON(无源光网络)技术的广泛应用,OLT和ONU设备的种类与规模日益增多,给网络管理带来了更大的挑战,尤其是在设备发现和监控方面。为了解决这一问题和提高PON网络的管理效率,本研究提出了一种基于LOID(Logical ONU Identifier)认证机制的自适应协议算法实现ONU发现方法。通过采集OLT设备中的LOID信息,实现ONU设备的自动发现与动态认证,按照场景自适应选择相应的协议算法来实现OLT及ONU设备信息的采集,并采用多线程技术加速设备发现的过程。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提升网络设备管理效率,并为PON网络的自动化运维提供了有力支持。
基金supported by Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(No.AB24010136)the Pre-project from Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development(No.2024051)Guangxi Geochemistry and Environmental Restoration and Management Research Talent Highland.
文摘Evaluating petroleum contamination risk and implementing remedial measures in agricultural soil rely on indicators such as soil metal(loid)s and microbiome alterations.However,the response of these indicators to petroleum contamination remains under-investigated.The present study investigated the soil physicochemical features,metal(loid)s,microbial communities and networks,and phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs)community structures in soil samples collected from long-(LC)and short-term(SC)petroleum-contaminated oil fields.The results showed that petroleum contamination increased the levels of soil total petroleum hydrocarbon,carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,phosphorus,calcium,copper,manganese,lead,and zinc,and decreased soil pH,microbial biomass,bacterial and fungal diversity.Petroleum led to a rise in the abundances of soil Proteobacteria,Ascomycota,Oleibacter,and Fusarium.Network analyses showed that the number of network links(Control vs.SC,LC=1181 vs.700,1021),nodes(Control vs.SC,LC=90 vs.71,83)and average degree(Control vs.SC,LC=26.244 vs.19.718,24.602)recovered as the duration of contamination increased.Petroleum contamination also reduced the concentration of soil PLFAs,especially bacterial.These results demonstrate that brief exposure to high levels of petroleum contamination alters the physicochemical characteristics of the soil as well as the composition of soil metal(loid)s andmicroorganisms,leading to a less diverse soilmicrobial network that is more susceptible to damage.Future research should focus on the culturable microbiome of soil under petroleum contamination to provide a theoretical basis for further remediation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2019YFC1803604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42177392).
文摘Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting sites.It is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental management and remediation strategies of non-ferrous smelting sites.In this study,203 soil samples from 57 sites were collected in a typical lead smelting site.The findings demonstrated that there were significant Pb,Zn,Cd,and As contamination in soil samples.The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s showed strong spatial heterogeneity,the contaminated soil areas of Pb,As,Cd,and Zn were 99.5%,98.9%,85.3%,and 72.4%,respectively.Pb,Cd,and As contamination of the soil reached a depth of 5 m,which migrated from the surface to deep soil layers.The leaching contents of Zn,Pb,and As decreased obviously in 3-4 m soil layer,but the leaching content of Cd was still high,which indicated the high migration of Cd.With the increase of depth,the proportion of acid soluble fraction of heavy metal(loid)s decreased,and the residual fraction increased.The acid soluble fraction of Cd accounted for a higher proportion,and As mainly existed in reducible and residual fractions in soil.According to the calculation of the migration factor,the migration of heavy metal(loid)s in soils were ordered as Cd>Zn>Pb>As.The outcomes are advantageous for risk reduction and site remediation for non-ferrous metal smelting sites.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2018YFC1800400).
文摘Metal smelting have brought severe metal(loid)s contamination to the soil.Spatial distribution and pollution source analysis for soil metal(loid)s in an abandoned lead/zinc smelter were studied.The results showed that soil was contaminated heavily withmetal(loid)s.The mean of lead(Pb),arsenic(As),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg)and antimony(Sb)content in topsoil is 9.7,8.2,5.0,2.3,and 1.2 times higher than the risk screening value for soil contamination of development land of China(GB36600-2018),respectively.Cd ismainly enriched in the 0–6mdepth of site soil while As and Pbmainly deposited in the 0–4mlayer.The spatial distribution of soil metal(loid)s is significantly correlated with the pollution source in the different functional areas of smelter.As,Hg,Sb,Pb and copper(Cu)were mainly distributed in pyrometallurgical area,while Cd,thallium(Tl)and zinc(Zn)was mainly existed in both hydrometallurgical area and raw material storage area.Soil metal(loid)s pollution sources in the abandoned smelter are mainly contributed to the anthropogenic sources,accounting for 84.5%.Specifically,Pb,Tl,As,Hg,Sb and Cumainly from atmospheric deposition(55.9%),Cd and Zn mainly from surface runoff(28.6%),While nickel(Ni)mainly comes from parent material(15.5%).The results clarified the spatial distribution and their sources in different functional areas of the smelter,providing a new thought for the risk prevention and control of metal(loid)s in polluted site soil.
文摘Heavy metal (loid)(HM) accumulation in the soil and the HM spatiotemporal distribution have important implication for soil pollution prevention and remediation. The present study investigated the concentrations and spatiotemporal distributions of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) in the topsoil of a coal chemical plant in Ningxia Aulonomous region (Ningxia), China. Topsoil samples (/?= 153) were obtained using the checkerboard method, and the HM concentrations were determined. The soil residual rates of the five HMs were measured with leaching experinients and were applied in a soil environmental capacity model to predict the quarHitiHive variation of the HM concentrations. The predicted results were employed to estimate the HM spatiotemporal distribution within 2() years with the Kriging technique. The number of sampling sites, where all five HM concentratio ns exceed their corresponding background values in Ningxia, would be increased from 0 to 90% within 1() years of the plant operation. In addition, Pb and Cd were distributed along the traffic routes. Mercury and As were distributed near fuel gas emission vents. Chromium was mainly accumulated in slag dumps. The study may provide the theoretical and practical foun d at ion for future HM pollution control in coal chemical plants.
文摘Because of the rapid development of industrial processes, increased urban pollution and agricultural chemicals applied in recent years, heavy metal(loid) pollution in soil has been very serious, and there is an urgent need for fast and efficient removal of heavy metal(loid) pollution. Currently, environmental microorganisms are always used to perform biological alteration or improvement of soils and sewage. Using functional microorganisms that are resistant to toxic heavy metal(loid) ions for alteration and transformation of heavy metal(loid)s in ionic form is an effective measure for microbial remediation of heavy metal(loid)contaminated soil. This paper reviewed the microbial remediation mechanism of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils, and the approaches for breeding bacteria those can be used for highly efficient removal of heavy metal(loid)s, as well as the application examples of microbial remediation and transformation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil, and finally described the future trends and further research work of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils by microbial remediation.
基金supported by Project of Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau (cstc2022jxjl0005)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the pollution characteristics, source apportionment, and health risks associated with trace metal(loid)s(TMs) in the major agricultural producing areas in Chongqing, China. We analyzed the source apportionment and assessed the health risk of TMs in agricultural soils by using positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and health risk assessment(HRA) model based on Monte Carlo simulation. Meanwhile, we combined PMF and HRA models to explore the health risks of TMs in agricultural soils by different pollution sources to determine the priority control factors. Results showed that the average contents of cadmium(Cd), arsenic (As), lead(Pb), chromium(Cr), copper(Cu), nickel(Ni), and zinc(Zn) in the soil were found to be 0.26, 5.93, 27.14, 61.32, 23.81, 32.45, and 78.65 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial analysis and source apportionment analysis revealed that urban and industrial sources, agricultural sources, and natural sources accounted for 33.0%, 27.7%, and 39.3% of TM accumulation in the soil, respectively. In the HRA model based on Monte Carlo simulation, noncarcinogenic risks were deemed negligible(hazard index <1), the carcinogenic risks were at acceptable level(10^(-6)<total carcinogenic risk ≤ 10^(-4)), with higher risks observed for children compared to adults. The relationship between TMs, their sources, and health risks indicated that urban and industrial sources were primarily associated with As, contributing to 75.1% of carcinogenic risks and 55.7% of non-carcinogenic risks, making them the primary control factors. Meanwhile, agricultural sources were primarily linked to Cd and Pb, contributing to 13.1% of carcinogenic risks and 21.8% of non-carcinogenic risks, designating them as secondary control factors.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C03011)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702100)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LD21B070001)。
文摘Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)pollution has become a common and complex problem in industrial parks due to rapid industrialization and urbanization.Here,soil and groundwater were sampled from a retired industrial park to investigate the pollution characteristics of HMs.Results show that Ni,Pb,Cr,Zn,Cd,and Cu were the typical HMs in the soil.Source analysis with the positive matrix factorization model indicates that HMs in the topsoil stemmed from industrial activities,traffic emission,and natural source,and the groundwater HMs originated from industrial activities,groundwater-soil interaction,groundwater-rock interaction,and atmosphere deposition.The sequential extraction of soil HMs reveals that As and Hg were mainly distributed in the residue fraction,while Ni,Pb,Cr,Zn,Cd,and Cu mainly existed in the mobile fraction.Most HMs either in the total concentration or in the bioavailable fraction preferred to retain in soil as indicated by their high soil-water partitioning coefficients(K_(d)),and the K_(d) values were correlated with soil pH,groundwater redox potential,and dissolved oxygen.The relative stable soil-groundwater circumstance and the low active fraction contents limited the vertical migration of soil HMs and their release to groundwater.These findings increase our knowledge about HMs pollution characteristics of traditional industrial parks and provide a protocol for HMs pollution scrutinizing in large zones.
基金supported by the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(No.14ZDB140)。
文摘Nowadays,more people tend to spend their recreational time in large national parks,and trace metal(loid)s in soils have attracted long-term attention due to their possible harm to human health.To investigate the pollution levels,potential sources and health risks of trace metal(loid)s in road soils,a total of eight trace metal(loid)s(including As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Hg)from 47 soil samples along roads were studied in the Huangshan National Park in Southeast China.The results showed that the concentrations of As,Cd,Pb,Zn and Hg appeared different degrees of pollution compared with their corresponding background values.According to the pollution indices,Hg and Cd were recognized as significant pollutants presenting moderate to high ecological risk.Combining principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization model,the results showed that traffic,industrial,agricultural and natural sources were the potential origins of trace metal(loid)s in this area,with contribution rates of 39.93%,25.92%,10.53%and 23.62%,respectively.Non-carcinogenic risks were all negligible,while the carcinogenic risk of As was higher than the limit(1×10^(-6)).Moreover,children were more susceptible to trace metal(loid)s by ingestion which appeared to be a more important exposure pathway than dermal contact and inhalation.The contribution rates of different sources to non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks were similar among children and adults,while traffic and industrial sources have a significant impact on health risks.This study will give more insights to control the environmental risks of trace metal(loid)s in national parks.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42072284,No.42027801,No.41877186)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2902004)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2020ZD0020-4)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022YQSH01,2020YJSSH01,2021YJSSH01)。
文摘Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.
基金This work was supported by the Kunlun Talent Action Plan of Qinghai Province(E140 WX42)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52179026)Strategy for Water Resource Security in Yellow River Sources。
文摘Global ecosystems and public health have been greatly impacted by the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in water.Source-specific risk apportionment is needed to prevent and manage potential groundwater contamination with heavy metal(loid)s.The heavy metal(loid)s contamination status,water quality,ecological risk,and health risk apportionment of the Shule River Basin groundwater are poorly understood.Therefore,field sampling was performed to explore the water quality and risk of heavy metal(loid)s in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin in northwestern China.A total of 96 samples were collected from the study area to acquire data for water quality and heavy metal(loid)s risk.There was noticeable accumulation of ferrum in the groundwater of the Shule River Basin.The levels of pollution were considered to be moderately low,as evaluated by the degree of contamination,heavy metal evaluation index,heavy metal pollution index,and Nemerow pollution index.The ecological risks were also low.However,an assessment of the water quality index revealed that only 58.34%of the groundwater samples had good water quality.The absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression model was more suited for this study area than the positive matrix factorization model.There were no obvious noncarcinogenic or carcinogenic concerns for all types of receptors according to the values of the total hazard index and total carcinogenic risk.The human activities and the initial geological environment factor(65.85%)was the major source of noncarcinogenic risk(residential children:87.56%;residential adults:87.52%;recreational children:86.77%;and recreational adults:85.42%),while the industrial activity factor(16.36%)was the major source of carcinogenic risk(residential receptors:87.96%;and recreational receptors:68.73%).These findings provide fundamental and crucial information for reducing the health issues caused by heavy metal(loid)s contamination of groundwater in arid areas.
文摘The anthill soil is used by hypertensive elderly and teenagers from Oshikoto region (Namibia) and many of them testified stabilization of their blood pressure to normal after consuming the anthill soil-derived aqueous extracts. This study therefore investigated and/or assessed the physicochemical parameters, the contents of some metal(loid)s (and their associated potential health risks) and the qualitative composition of bioactive compounds of this anthill soil. The homogenous soil sample collected from various anthill soils in the Oshikoto region was used to obtain the measurements of physiochemical parameters. The elemental contents were determined (using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer) after acid digestion in accordance with the EPA method 350B and their potential health risk assessments were performed. Methanol, aqueous methanol, and aqueous-based extracts were generated via maceration extraction process prior to the screening of bioactive compounds using standard diagnostic assays. The oxidation reduction potential (164.4 ± 16.6 mV) was the only physicochemical parameter whose value was within the World Health Organization limits for drinking water whereas, total dissolved solids (23 ± 5.5 mg/L), electrical conductivity (44 ± 10.1 uS/cm) and pH (5.35 ± 0.33) were out of specifications. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were present in anthill soil (with respect to the extractants used) to which its antihypertensive properties can be attributed in addition to some of the studied mineral components. With respect to the pH, TDS and EC, and the contents of most metal(loid)s in relation to their health risk assessment values, the results suggest that aqueous extracts derived from this anthill soil can be deemed unsuitable for human consumption.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1900601-07 and 2019YFC0408703)Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps South Xinjiang Key Industry Innovation and Development Support Plan Project(2021DB017)Science and Technology Plan Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202202AE090034-07).
文摘Metal(loid)pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture,garnering extensive public attention.Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways,leading to food chain contamination via plant uptake and subsequent animal exposure.This poses a serious threat to environmental quality,food security,and human health.Hence,the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil is an urgent concern demanding immediate attention.Presently,the majority of research papers concentrate on established,isolated remediation technologies,often overlooking comprehensive field management approaches.It is imperative to provide a comprehensive summary of remediation technologies and identify future development directions.This review aims to comprehensively summarize a range of soil remediation and enhancement technologies,incorporating insights from multiple disciplines including physics,chemistry,biology,and their interdisciplinary intersections.The review examines the mechanisms of action,suitable scenarios,advantages,disadvantages,and benefits associated with each remediation technology.Particularly relevant is the examination of metal(loid)sources,as well as the mechanisms behind both established and innovative,efficient remediation and enhancement technologies.Additionally,the future evolution of remediation technologies are considered with the aim of offering a scientific research foundation and inspiration to fellow researchers.This is intended to facilitate the advancement of remediation technologies and establish a robust foundation for sustainable development of soil.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23010000)State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council(File No.202104910265)+5 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesCooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ01475801)from Rural Development Administration,the Republic of KoreaNational Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.2021R1A2C2011734)Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2021R1A6A1A10045235)International Science&Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science(CAAS-CFSGLCA-IEDA-202302)Young Scientist Exchange Program between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.
文摘Biochar has a large specific surface area,well-developed pore structure,abundant surface functional groups,and superior nutrient supply capacity,which is widely available and environmentally friendly with its advantages in waste resource utilization,heavy metal(loid)remediation,and carbon storage.This review focuses on the interactions between biochar(including raw biochar,functional biochar(modified/engineered/designer biochar),and composite biochar)and rhizosphere during the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal(loid)s(Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Co,Cu,Ni,Zn,Cr,etc.)and the effects of these interactions on the microbial communities and root exudates(enzymes and low-molecular-weight organic acids(LMWOAs)).In terms of microorganisms,biochar affects the composition,diversity,and structure of microbial communities through the supply of nutrients,provision of microbial colonization sites,immobilization of heavy metal(loid)s,and introduction of exogenous microorganisms.With regard to root exudates,biochar provides electron transfer support between the microorganisms and exudates,regulates the secretion of enzymes to resist the oxidative stress stimulated by heavy metal(loid)s,ameliorates rhizosphere acidification caused by LMWOAs,and promotes the activity of soil enzymes.The roles and mechanisms of biochar on rhizosphere soils are discussed,as well as the challenges of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal(loid)-contaminated soils,and the issues that need to be addressed in future research are foreseen.
基金supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.322QN358,421QN284,320QN300).
文摘Hainan Island is the most important tropical fruit production area in China.In this study,372 soil samples and corresponding fruit and irrigation water samples were collected from Hainan orchards and analysed to determine the concentrations of six heavy metal(loid)s:Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,and Cu.The pollution status,potential risks,possible sources,and spatial distribution patterns of soil heavy metal(loid)s were comprehensively investigated.The fruit and irrigation water samples had negligible amounts of heavy metal(loid)s,and the potential human health risk for fruit consumers was at a safe level.The heavy metal(loid)concentrations in most soil samples were lower than the national risk screening values.However,significant local accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s,especially Cd,Cr,and Cu,relative to their background values was observed.Moreover,the combined effects of the heavy metal(loid)s only led to a mild pollution level and low ecological risk throughout the study area.Noncarcinogenic risks were not observed among the local residents,and carcinogenic risks were within an acceptable range.The acidic soil in the study area increased the risk of soil Cd pollution,and organic matter affected the distribution of the tested metal(loid)s in the soil.Uncommon geogenic sources with high background values were the sources of Cr and Cu,anthropogenic activities primarily led to Cd,Pb,and As contamination,and a combination of anthropogenic and natural sources was responsible for Hg emissions.The research suggested that appropriate strategies must be implemented to track and reduce soil heavy metal contaminants in the northern and western region of the Hainan orchard area.The results can provide valuable information for policies on pollution prevention and management,the environment,and human health protection in the study region.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0210400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21836002 and 52104315)+1 种基金the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52121004)the Major program Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JC0001).
文摘Heavy metal(loid)s(HMs)have caused serious environmental pollution and health risks.Although the past few years have witnessed the achievements of studies on environmental behavior of HMs,the related toxicity mechanisms,and pollution control,their relationship remains a mystery.Researchers generally focused on one topic independently without comprehensive considerations due to the knowledge gap between environmental science and human health.Indeed,the full life cycle control of HMs is crucial and should be reconsidered with the combination of the occurrence,transport,and fate of HMs in the environment.Therefore,we started by reviewing the environmental behaviors of HMs which are affected by a variety of natural factors as well as their physicochemical properties.Furthermore,the related toxicity mechanisms were discussed according to exposure route,toxicity mechanism,and adverse consequences.In addition,the current state-of-the-art of available technologies for pollution control of HMs wastewater and solid wastes were summarized.Finally,based on the research trend,we proposed that advanced in-operando characterizations will help us better understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms,and big data analysis approaches will aid in establishing the prediction model for risk management.
