The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacen...The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method. The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase. However, the rate constant of electron transfer （ket） increased monotonically as the SDBS concentrations increased from 0 to 200 p, moFL. The experimental results showed that SDBS formed patches on the interface and influenced the structure of electrical double layer. 2009 Xiao Quan Lu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfe...Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfer behavior and the stable pH range for the heteropoly anions were studied. The stability of mixed tungstovanadate decreases with increasing the number of vanadium atoms. The main transfer species within the potential window have the negative charges of 4 and the transfer process is diffusion controlled. The apparent transfer potential Δ w o Ψ 0 and the free energy Δ G 0 w→o tr for the heteropoly anions can be obtained from the experimental data. For the different anions, the Δ w o Ψ 1/2 pH relationship can be expressed as: Δ w o Ψ 1/2 =constant-53pH.展开更多
The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocen...The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocene(Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed.The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values.The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH_2 were sensitive to the changes of the dri...展开更多
Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As co...Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As compared with the system of Fe(CN)_6^(3-)-DMFe,the ET rate obtained from Fe^(3+)-DMFe was lower in spite of larger driving force,which may arise from the effect of reorganization energy.Otherwise,the effect of common ion on rate constants was also probed and results suggested additional complexit...展开更多
The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry a...The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface. The physicochemical parameters such as standard partition coefficient (lgPI)andthestandardGibbsenergyoftransfer("G0tr,,wI "o)oftheprotonatedformoftheligandwere measured asa function of pH in aqueous phase. The protonated form of the ligand exhibited reversible or quasi-reversible voltammograms at the1,2-DCEintherangeofpH1-5.Theprotonationconstantsoftheligand,pKa1andpKa2,weredeterminedspectrophotometrically and were found to be 12.14 and 3.24, respectively. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer ("G0tr,,wN" o) and the partition coefficient of neutral species (lgPN) were also determined by the shake-flask method. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer of this compound across the water/1,2-DCE interface was evaluated as the quantitative measure of its lipophilicity. The difference between lgPI and lgPN was related to the degree of charge delocalization and was used to evaluate qualitatively the lipophilicity of the ligand.展开更多
Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the inte...Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the interface,further growth of hydrate due to the suction of water in the capillary system formed between the wall of the cuvette and the end boundary of the hydrate layer occurs.Most probably,substantial effects on the formation of this capillary system may be caused by variations in reactor wall properties,for example,hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance,roughness,etc.We found,that the rate of CO_(2) hydrate film growth on the surface of the humic acid aqueous solution is 4-fold to lower in comparison with the growth rate on the surface of pure water.We suppose that this is caused by the adsorption of humic acid associates on the surface of hydrate particles and,as a consequence,by the deceleration of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide to the growing hydrate particle.展开更多
The stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is adversely affected by nonradiative recombination resulting from buried interface defects.Herein,we synthesize a polyionic liquid,poly(p-vinylbenzyl trimethylam-monium he...The stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is adversely affected by nonradiative recombination resulting from buried interface defects.Herein,we synthesize a polyionic liquid,poly(p-vinylbenzyl trimethylam-monium hexafluorophosphate)(PTA),and introduce it into the buried interface of PSCs.The quaternary ammonium cation(N(-CH_(3))^(3+))in PTA can fill the vacancies of organic cations within the perovskite structure and reduce shallow energy level defects.Additionally,the hexafluorophosphate(PF6−)in PTA forms a Lewis acid-base interaction with Pb^(2+)in the perovskite layer,effectively passivating deep en-ergy level defects.Furthermore,hydrogen bonding can be established between organic cations and the PF6−anion,preventing the formation of shallow energy level defects.Through this synergistic mecha-nism,the deep and shallow energy level defects are effectively mitigated,resulting in improved device performance.As a result,the resulting treated inverted PSC exhibits an impressive power conversion ef-ficiency(PCE)of 24.72%.Notably,the PTA-treated PSCs exhibit remarkable stability,with 88.5%of the original PCE retained after undergoing heat aging at 85℃ for 1078 h,and 89.1%of the initial PCE main-tained following continuous exposure to light for 1100 h at the maximum power point.Synergistically suppressing multiple defects at the buried interface through the use of polyionic liquids is a promising way to improve the commercial viability of PSCs.展开更多
We study the effects of gas adsorption on the dynamics and stability of nanobubbles at the solid–liquid interface. The phase diagram and dynamic evolution of surface nanobubbles were analyzed under varying equilibriu...We study the effects of gas adsorption on the dynamics and stability of nanobubbles at the solid–liquid interface. The phase diagram and dynamic evolution of surface nanobubbles were analyzed under varying equilibrium adsorption constant.Four distinct dynamic behaviors appear in the phase diagram: shrinking to dissolution, expanding to bursting, shrinking to stability, and expanding to stability. Special boundary states are identified in phase diagram, where the continuous growth of nanobubbles can take place even under very weak gas–surface interaction or with very small initial bubble size. Surface adsorption plays a critical role in the stability, lifetime, radius, and contact angle of nanobubbles, thereby demonstrating that pinning is not a prerequisite for stabilization. Furthermore, stable equilibrium nanobubbles exhibit a characteristic range of footprint radius, a limited height, and a small contact angle, consistent with experimental observations.展开更多
The oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization,offering the microenviron-ment before implantation.This early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress,which can ...The oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization,offering the microenviron-ment before implantation.This early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress,which can cause reduced fertil-ity and reproductive disorders in mammals.Nevertheless,the local impact of elevated stress hormones on the ovi-duct epithelium has received limited attention to date,except for a few reports on polyovulatory species like mice and pigs.In this study,we focused on the effects of chronic maternal stress on cattle,given its association with infertil-ity issues in this monoovulatory species.Bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC)differentiated at the air–liquid interface(ALI)were stimulated with 250 nmol/L cortisol for 1 or 3 weeks.Subsequently,they were assessed for morphology,bioelectrical properties,and gene expression related to oviduct function,glucocorticoid pathway,cortisol metabo-lism,inflammation,and apoptosis.Results revealed adverse effects of cortisol on epithelium structure,featured by deciliation,vacuole formation,and multilayering.Additionally,cortisol exposure led to an increase in transepithelial potential difference,downregulated mRNA expression of the major glucocorticoid receptor(NR3C1),upregulated the expression of cortisol-responsive genes(FKBP5,TSC22D3),and significant downregulation of oviductal glycopro-tein 1(OVGP1)and steroid receptors PGR and ESR1.The systematic comparison to a similar experiment previously performed by us in porcine oviduct epithelial cells,indicated that bovine cultures were more susceptible to elevated cortisol levels than porcine.The distinct responses between both species are likely linked to their divergence in the cortisol-induced expression changes of HSD11B2,an enzyme controlling the cellular capacity to metabolise cortisol.These findings provide insights into the species-specific reactions and reproductive consequences triggered by maternal stress.展开更多
Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapi...Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.展开更多
The large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)has been hindered by the high demand of platinum(Pt)in the cathode due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction.Reducing...The large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)has been hindered by the high demand of platinum(Pt)in the cathode due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction.Reducing the amount of Pt would worsen the problems caused by the adsorption of perfluorinated sulfonic acid(PFSA)ionomers to Pt via the side chains,namely,blocking the active sites of Pt and inducing densely packed layers of fluorocarbon backbones on Pt surface to obstruct local O_(2)transport at the Pt/PFSA interfaces.This work aims at optimizing the Pt/ionomer interface to mitigate the sulfonate adsorption and in the meantime to reduce the local O_(2)transport resistance(R_(local)),by using a porous composite of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid(IL)modified MOF-808(BMImHSO_(4)@MOF-808)as additive in cathodic catalyst layer(CCL).Through detailed physical,spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations,we demonstrate a three-fold optimization mechanism of Pt/ionomer interface structure by BMImHSO_(4)@MOF-808:the unsaturated metal sites in MOF-808 effectively inhibit the sulfonate adsorption on Pt through coordination with the sulfonates of PFSA,thereby improving catalyst utilization;the pores in MOF-808 establish efficient transport channels for gaseous oxygen,significantly reducing R_(local);the IL modification layers facilitate the formation of continuous proton transport networks,increasing proton conductivity.The incorporation of BMImHSO_(4)@MOF-808 in a low-Pt CCL(0.1 mg_(Pt)cm^(-2))yields a peak power density of 1.9 W cm^(-2)for PEMFC under H_(2)-O_(2)condition,and ca.20%increase of power density under H_(2)-air condition as compared with conventional CCL,indicating the prospect of IL-MOF composites as an efficient additive to enhance the performance of PEMFCs.展开更多
In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with l...In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.展开更多
As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized fo...As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.展开更多
Liquid metals have garnered widespread attention in the fields of electronics and materials science due to their unique combination of fluidity and electrical conductivity.Conventional liquid metal droplet generators ...Liquid metals have garnered widespread attention in the fields of electronics and materials science due to their unique combination of fluidity and electrical conductivity.Conventional liquid metal droplet generators typically rely on piezoelectric actuators to impose mechanical perturbations on the jet to control droplet formation.In this work,we present a new method for generating a uniform and controllable stream of liquid metal microdroplets by applying periodic electrostatic perturbations to the jet.Using a nozzle with an inner diameter of 25??m,we achieved continuous generation of droplets approximately 51μm in diameter at a frequency of 110 kHz.By adjusting the nozzle diameter,flow rate,and the frequency of the applied voltage,the size and spacing of the droplets can be effectively tuned.Moreover,a comparison between experimental observations and theoretical predictions under various conditions demonstrates that the Rayleigh-Plateau instability theory accurately describes the disturbance growth and droplet formation under electric field excitation.Our study provides both theoretical and experimental foundations for the controlled generation of gallium-based liquid metal droplets.展开更多
Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection ...Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.展开更多
While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfa...While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.展开更多
Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparti...Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.展开更多
Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can r...Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can replenish the propellant for the emitter online,thus prolonging the lifetime of the thruster.In order to gain a deeper understanding of its operating characteristics,the changes in thruster performance before and after propellant replenishment deserve to be scrutinized.In this study,the performance changes of a porous electrowetting ionic liquid electrospray thruster are tested by voltage-current test and time-of-flight mass spectrometry over a long operating time.The experimental results show that asymmetric operation with a negative current less than positive current for a long period of time causes anions to compensate for the emission after accumulation at the emitter,resulting in a phenomenon that the negative current is much larger than positive current.The reason for the difference in emission characteristics between the positive and negative modes is that the plume in the positive mode is quite ionized while the plume in the negative mode contains liquid droplets.This study provides a reference for the selection of operating conditions for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters.展开更多
The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant ...The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.20775060 and No.20875077)the National Science Foundation of Gansu(No.0701RJZA109 and No.0803RJZA105)and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province
文摘The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method. The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase. However, the rate constant of electron transfer （ket） increased monotonically as the SDBS concentrations increased from 0 to 200 p, moFL. The experimental results showed that SDBS formed patches on the interface and influenced the structure of electrical double layer. 2009 Xiao Quan Lu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
基金Supported by the NaturalScienceFoundation of China( No.2 0 2 75 0 31) ,the Teaching and Research Award Programfor Outstanding Young Techers in High Education of MOE of China and KJCX- 0 1of Northwest Normal University
文摘Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfer behavior and the stable pH range for the heteropoly anions were studied. The stability of mixed tungstovanadate decreases with increasing the number of vanadium atoms. The main transfer species within the potential window have the negative charges of 4 and the transfer process is diffusion controlled. The apparent transfer potential Δ w o Ψ 0 and the free energy Δ G 0 w→o tr for the heteropoly anions can be obtained from the experimental data. For the different anions, the Δ w o Ψ 1/2 pH relationship can be expressed as: Δ w o Ψ 1/2 =constant-53pH.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20775060,No.20875077 and No. 20927004)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu(No.0701RJZA109 and No.0803RJZA105)Key Projects of Scientific Research Base of Department of Education,Gansu Province(No.08zx-07)
文摘The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocene(Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed.The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values.The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH_2 were sensitive to the changes of the dri...
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20875077,No.20775060 and No.20927004)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu(No.0701RJZA109 and No.0803RJZA105)Key Projects of Scientific Research Base of Department of Education,Gansu Province(No.08zx-07).
文摘Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As compared with the system of Fe(CN)_6^(3-)-DMFe,the ET rate obtained from Fe^(3+)-DMFe was lower in spite of larger driving force,which may arise from the effect of reorganization energy.Otherwise,the effect of common ion on rate constants was also probed and results suggested additional complexit...
基金the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) of Selcuk University, Turkey (2003/151).
文摘The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface. The physicochemical parameters such as standard partition coefficient (lgPI)andthestandardGibbsenergyoftransfer("G0tr,,wI "o)oftheprotonatedformoftheligandwere measured asa function of pH in aqueous phase. The protonated form of the ligand exhibited reversible or quasi-reversible voltammograms at the1,2-DCEintherangeofpH1-5.Theprotonationconstantsoftheligand,pKa1andpKa2,weredeterminedspectrophotometrically and were found to be 12.14 and 3.24, respectively. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer ("G0tr,,wN" o) and the partition coefficient of neutral species (lgPN) were also determined by the shake-flask method. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer of this compound across the water/1,2-DCE interface was evaluated as the quantitative measure of its lipophilicity. The difference between lgPI and lgPN was related to the degree of charge delocalization and was used to evaluate qualitatively the lipophilicity of the ligand.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(23-29-00830).
文摘Morphology and growth rate of carbon dioxide hydrate on the interface between liquid carbon dioxide and humic acid solutions were studied in this work.It was found that after the growth of the hydrate film at the interface,further growth of hydrate due to the suction of water in the capillary system formed between the wall of the cuvette and the end boundary of the hydrate layer occurs.Most probably,substantial effects on the formation of this capillary system may be caused by variations in reactor wall properties,for example,hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance,roughness,etc.We found,that the rate of CO_(2) hydrate film growth on the surface of the humic acid aqueous solution is 4-fold to lower in comparison with the growth rate on the surface of pure water.We suppose that this is caused by the adsorption of humic acid associates on the surface of hydrate particles and,as a consequence,by the deceleration of the diffusion of dissolved carbon dioxide to the growing hydrate particle.
基金supported by the Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.GJHZ20220913143204008)the Shccig-Qinling Program(No.SMYJY202300294C)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22261142666,52372225,52172237,22305191)the Shaanxi Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2022JC-21)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU)China(No.2021-QZ-02).
文摘The stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is adversely affected by nonradiative recombination resulting from buried interface defects.Herein,we synthesize a polyionic liquid,poly(p-vinylbenzyl trimethylam-monium hexafluorophosphate)(PTA),and introduce it into the buried interface of PSCs.The quaternary ammonium cation(N(-CH_(3))^(3+))in PTA can fill the vacancies of organic cations within the perovskite structure and reduce shallow energy level defects.Additionally,the hexafluorophosphate(PF6−)in PTA forms a Lewis acid-base interaction with Pb^(2+)in the perovskite layer,effectively passivating deep en-ergy level defects.Furthermore,hydrogen bonding can be established between organic cations and the PF6−anion,preventing the formation of shallow energy level defects.Through this synergistic mecha-nism,the deep and shallow energy level defects are effectively mitigated,resulting in improved device performance.As a result,the resulting treated inverted PSC exhibits an impressive power conversion ef-ficiency(PCE)of 24.72%.Notably,the PTA-treated PSCs exhibit remarkable stability,with 88.5%of the original PCE retained after undergoing heat aging at 85℃ for 1078 h,and 89.1%of the initial PCE main-tained following continuous exposure to light for 1100 h at the maximum power point.Synergistically suppressing multiple defects at the buried interface through the use of polyionic liquids is a promising way to improve the commercial viability of PSCs.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. 2022GXNSFAA035487)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12272100, 11474285, and 12074382)+2 种基金the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. XJCY2022012)the Guangxi Normal University Ideological and Political Demonstration Course Construction Project (Grant Nos. 2022kcsz15 and 2023kcsz29)the Innovation Project of Graduate Education of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (Grant No. YCBZ2024087)。
文摘We study the effects of gas adsorption on the dynamics and stability of nanobubbles at the solid–liquid interface. The phase diagram and dynamic evolution of surface nanobubbles were analyzed under varying equilibrium adsorption constant.Four distinct dynamic behaviors appear in the phase diagram: shrinking to dissolution, expanding to bursting, shrinking to stability, and expanding to stability. Special boundary states are identified in phase diagram, where the continuous growth of nanobubbles can take place even under very weak gas–surface interaction or with very small initial bubble size. Surface adsorption plays a critical role in the stability, lifetime, radius, and contact angle of nanobubbles, thereby demonstrating that pinning is not a prerequisite for stabilization. Furthermore, stable equilibrium nanobubbles exhibit a characteristic range of footprint radius, a limited height, and a small contact angle, consistent with experimental observations.
基金German research Foundation(DFG,grant numbers:CH2321/1–1 and SCHO1231/7–1)JH has received a scholarship from the Chinese Scholarship Council(CSC No.:201908350115).
文摘The oviduct epithelium is the initial maternal contact site for embryos after fertilization,offering the microenviron-ment before implantation.This early gestation period is particularly sensitive to stress,which can cause reduced fertil-ity and reproductive disorders in mammals.Nevertheless,the local impact of elevated stress hormones on the ovi-duct epithelium has received limited attention to date,except for a few reports on polyovulatory species like mice and pigs.In this study,we focused on the effects of chronic maternal stress on cattle,given its association with infertil-ity issues in this monoovulatory species.Bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC)differentiated at the air–liquid interface(ALI)were stimulated with 250 nmol/L cortisol for 1 or 3 weeks.Subsequently,they were assessed for morphology,bioelectrical properties,and gene expression related to oviduct function,glucocorticoid pathway,cortisol metabo-lism,inflammation,and apoptosis.Results revealed adverse effects of cortisol on epithelium structure,featured by deciliation,vacuole formation,and multilayering.Additionally,cortisol exposure led to an increase in transepithelial potential difference,downregulated mRNA expression of the major glucocorticoid receptor(NR3C1),upregulated the expression of cortisol-responsive genes(FKBP5,TSC22D3),and significant downregulation of oviductal glycopro-tein 1(OVGP1)and steroid receptors PGR and ESR1.The systematic comparison to a similar experiment previously performed by us in porcine oviduct epithelial cells,indicated that bovine cultures were more susceptible to elevated cortisol levels than porcine.The distinct responses between both species are likely linked to their divergence in the cortisol-induced expression changes of HSD11B2,an enzyme controlling the cellular capacity to metabolise cortisol.These findings provide insights into the species-specific reactions and reproductive consequences triggered by maternal stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52025132,U24A20205,52303373,21621091,22021001,and 22121001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M763174)+2 种基金the 111 Project(Nos.B17027,B16029)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prize。
文摘Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.
文摘The large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)has been hindered by the high demand of platinum(Pt)in the cathode due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction.Reducing the amount of Pt would worsen the problems caused by the adsorption of perfluorinated sulfonic acid(PFSA)ionomers to Pt via the side chains,namely,blocking the active sites of Pt and inducing densely packed layers of fluorocarbon backbones on Pt surface to obstruct local O_(2)transport at the Pt/PFSA interfaces.This work aims at optimizing the Pt/ionomer interface to mitigate the sulfonate adsorption and in the meantime to reduce the local O_(2)transport resistance(R_(local)),by using a porous composite of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid(IL)modified MOF-808(BMImHSO_(4)@MOF-808)as additive in cathodic catalyst layer(CCL).Through detailed physical,spectroscopic and electrochemical characterizations,we demonstrate a three-fold optimization mechanism of Pt/ionomer interface structure by BMImHSO_(4)@MOF-808:the unsaturated metal sites in MOF-808 effectively inhibit the sulfonate adsorption on Pt through coordination with the sulfonates of PFSA,thereby improving catalyst utilization;the pores in MOF-808 establish efficient transport channels for gaseous oxygen,significantly reducing R_(local);the IL modification layers facilitate the formation of continuous proton transport networks,increasing proton conductivity.The incorporation of BMImHSO_(4)@MOF-808 in a low-Pt CCL(0.1 mg_(Pt)cm^(-2))yields a peak power density of 1.9 W cm^(-2)for PEMFC under H_(2)-O_(2)condition,and ca.20%increase of power density under H_(2)-air condition as compared with conventional CCL,indicating the prospect of IL-MOF composites as an efficient additive to enhance the performance of PEMFCs.
文摘In this work,we proposed a strategy for the hydrolysis of native corn starch after the treatment of corn starch in an ionic liquid aqueous solution,and it is an awfully“green”and simple means to obtain starch with low molecular weight and amorphous state.X-ray diffraction results revealed that the natural starch crystalline region was largely disrupted by ionic liquid owing to the broken intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.After hydrolysis,the morphology of starch changed from particles of native corn starch into little pieces,and their molecular weight could be effectively regulated during the hydrolysis process,and also the hydrolyzed starch samples exhibited decreased thermal stability with the extension of hydrolysis time.This work would counsel as a powerful tool for the development of native starch in realistic applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005226 and 52203124)Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.CCNC-202402)+1 种基金the Basic and Advanced Research Project from Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022013988065201)Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials,project(No.XC2024G3013)。
文摘As the global textile industry has accelerated its transition to a circular economy,iterative innovation in regenerated cellulose fibers has become a key industry focus.With viscose fiber having been industrialized for over a century and lyocell fiber gaining market recognition because of its environmentally friendly process,which is the next regenerated cellulose fiber.Herein,ionic liquids with low vapor pressure,nonflammability,relatively simple recovery,and high dissolution efficiency were used to fabricate regenerated cellulose fibers.The viscose and lyocell properties of the fibers were systematically compared,including microscopic morphology,dyeing behavior,fibrillation resistance,mechanical properties,yarn-forming capacity,and fabric performance.The ionic liquid(IL)fiber exhibited a smooth surface and circular cross-section,with the highest tensile strength,moderate dyeing and fibrillation properties,and similar spinning and weaving performance.This work can provide a reference for the commercial application of regenerated cellulose fibers fabricated from ionic liquid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2341281,12272026,12502287)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant No.L248008)。
文摘Liquid metals have garnered widespread attention in the fields of electronics and materials science due to their unique combination of fluidity and electrical conductivity.Conventional liquid metal droplet generators typically rely on piezoelectric actuators to impose mechanical perturbations on the jet to control droplet formation.In this work,we present a new method for generating a uniform and controllable stream of liquid metal microdroplets by applying periodic electrostatic perturbations to the jet.Using a nozzle with an inner diameter of 25??m,we achieved continuous generation of droplets approximately 51μm in diameter at a frequency of 110 kHz.By adjusting the nozzle diameter,flow rate,and the frequency of the applied voltage,the size and spacing of the droplets can be effectively tuned.Moreover,a comparison between experimental observations and theoretical predictions under various conditions demonstrates that the Rayleigh-Plateau instability theory accurately describes the disturbance growth and droplet formation under electric field excitation.Our study provides both theoretical and experimental foundations for the controlled generation of gallium-based liquid metal droplets.
文摘Pediatric cancers are particularly significant due to their uncommon occurrence in children,driven by a variety of underlying factors.Because of their distinct molecular and genetic makeup,which makes early detection challenging,they are linked to problems.Diagnostic methods like imaging and tissue biopsy are only effective when the tumor has reached a size that can be identified.The liquid biopsy technique,the least intrusive and most convenient diagnostic method,is the subject of this review.It focuses on the significance of single cell analysis in examining uncommon cancer types.The many biomarkers found in bodily fluids and the cancer types they are linked to in children have been assessed,as has the potential route towards early detection and cancer recurrence forecasting.Combining the single cell liquid biopsy with the newest technologies,such as computational and multi-omics approaches,which have improved the efficiency of processing massive and unique genetic data,appears promising.This article discusses on a number of case reports for uncommon pediatric malignancies,such as Neuroblastoma,Medulloblastoma,Wilms Tumor,Rhabdomyosarcoma,Ewing Sarcoma,and Retinoblastoma,as well as their liquid biopsy profiles.Furthermore,the findings raise ethical questions regarding the therapeutic application of the technology as well as possible difficulties related to clinical translation.The likelihood that this single cell liquid biopsy will be clinically validated and eventually used as a routine diagnostic tool for uncommon pediatric cancers will rise with the realistic approach to sensitivity monitoring,specificity upgrading,and optimization.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804902,2022YFB3804900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203226,52161145406,42376045)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232024Y-01,2232025D-02).
文摘While desalination is a key solution for global freshwater scarcity,its implementation faces environmental challenges due to concentrated brine byproducts mainly disposed of via coastal discharge systems.Solar interfacial evaporation offers sustainable management potential,yet inevitable salt nucleation at evaporation interfaces degrades photothermal conversion and operational stability via light scattering and pathway blockage.Inspired by the mangrove leaf,we propose a photothermal 3D polydopamine and polypyrrole polymerized spacer fabric(PPSF)-based upward hanging model evaporation configuration with a reverse water feeding mechanism.This design enables zero-liquiddischarge(ZLD)desalination through phase-separation crystallization.The interconnected porous architecture and the rough surface of the PPSF enable superior water transport,achieving excellent solar-absorbing efficiency of 97.8%.By adjusting the tilt angle(θ),the evaporator separates the evaporation and salt crystallization zones via controlled capillary-driven brine transport,minimizing heat dissipation from brine discharge.At an optimal tilt angle of 52°,the evaporator reaches an evaporation rate of 2.81 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) with minimal heat loss(0.366 W)under 1-sun illumination while treating a 7 wt%waste brine solution.Furthermore,it sustains an evaporation rate of 2.71 kg m^(−2) h^(−1) over 72 h while ensuring efficient salt recovery.These results highlight a scalable,energy-efficient approach for sustainable ZLD desalination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205165)Hebei Province Innovation Ability Improvement Plan Project(No.225676111H).
文摘Structural engineering of Pt-based nanoalloys is crucial for the rational design and manufacturing of high-performance and low-cost electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Here,we reported PtNi nanoparticles with a refined size of 2.71 nm and regular strains loaded on carbon black,synthesized using the high-temperature liquid shock(HTLS)method.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional synthesis methods,including high scalability,rapid reaction rates,and precise control over the size and shape of nanocrystals.Importantly,the synthesized PtNi electrocatalysts demonstrate outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER,achieving low overpotentials of 19 and 203 mV at current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm^(2),respectively.The superior performance can be attributed to the combination of a refined particle size,lattice strains,and synergistic effects between Pt and Ni.This rapid liquid-state synthesis demonstrated here holds great potential for scalable and industrial manufacturing of micro-/nano-catalysts.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2020YFC2201103 and 2022YFB4601300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22B20120)+1 种基金the Program of Beijing Engineering Research Center of Efficient and Green Aerospace Propulsion Technology,China(No.Lab ASP-2024-09)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,China。
文摘Porous ionic liquid electrospray thrusters are the ideal propulsion technology for CubeSats because of their structural simplicity,high thrust accuracy and plume self-neutralization.The electrowetting technology can replenish the propellant for the emitter online,thus prolonging the lifetime of the thruster.In order to gain a deeper understanding of its operating characteristics,the changes in thruster performance before and after propellant replenishment deserve to be scrutinized.In this study,the performance changes of a porous electrowetting ionic liquid electrospray thruster are tested by voltage-current test and time-of-flight mass spectrometry over a long operating time.The experimental results show that asymmetric operation with a negative current less than positive current for a long period of time causes anions to compensate for the emission after accumulation at the emitter,resulting in a phenomenon that the negative current is much larger than positive current.The reason for the difference in emission characteristics between the positive and negative modes is that the plume in the positive mode is quite ionized while the plume in the negative mode contains liquid droplets.This study provides a reference for the selection of operating conditions for ionic liquid electrospray thrusters.
基金supported by the Natural Science BasicResearch Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2021JC-14)。
文摘The water hammer problem is an important issue in the dynamics of liquid propulsion system.This paper aims to use the Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)with entropy limiter to study the water hammer problems in propellant feedlines.The dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer and filling water hammer are investigated by this method,and the sensitivity of filling water hammer is analyzed with a single factor sensitivity analysis with 8 factors and 9 levels and a multi-factor sensitivity analysis with L_(27)(3^(13))orthogonal experiment based on range method.It is found that the solving result of LBM with entropy limiter is basically in good agreement with finite volume method,and using the entropy limiter can eliminate numerical oscillations when solving valve-closing water hammer problems and solve the numerical"blow up"when solving filling water hammer problems.It can be seen that the dynamic characteristics of valve-closing water hammer are relatively simple,while there are many factors that affect the filling water hammer and the degree of these effects varies.The effects on the maximum water hammer pressure are relatively uniform,but those on the water hammer response time vary greatly through the skewness analysis.
