Lipocalin-2(LCN2)is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo.LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors...Lipocalin-2(LCN2)is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo.LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.The specific actions of LCN2 in tumors may vary depending on the particular type of cancer involved.In this review,we provide an extensive overview of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LCN2 in health and disease.Furthermore,we summarize the impact of LCN2 dysregulation in a broad range of tumors.Lastly,we examine the mechanisms of action of LCN2 during tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis.Understanding the complex relationships between LCN2 and tumor development,progression,and metastasis is vital for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology,developing biomarkers for diagnosis and clinical decision-making,and creating therapeutic strategies to improve the management of patients with cancer.展开更多
This study evaluates the findings of Gu et al,who investigated the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)as a biomarker for predicting neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke(AIS)pati...This study evaluates the findings of Gu et al,who investigated the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)as a biomarker for predicting neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients.The results revealed that elevated serum NGAL levels at admission are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge.The study analyzed 150 AIS patients(mean age 65.4 years,58%male)using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess neuropsychiatric outcomes.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher NGAL levels were independent predictors of cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42],anxiety(OR=1.28),and depression(OR=1.39).Notably,NGAL exhibited strong predictive power for cognitive impairment,with an area under the curve of 0.78.Despite these promising findings,NGAL’s clinical utility is limited by its non-specificity across various conditions.Nevertheless,NGAL levels could help identify AIS patients at risk for neuropsychiatric complications,enabling timely intervention and comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation.The study emphasizes the need for further research to validate NGAL’s predictive accuracy and specificity in diverse AIS populations and advocates for its integration with other diagnostic modalities to enhance clinical decision-making.展开更多
Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is a prevalent phenomenon observed across a spectrum of diseases,encompassing conditions such as mesenteric artery dissection,inflammatory bowel disease,cirrhosis,and sepsis.In th...Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is a prevalent phenomenon observed across a spectrum of diseases,encompassing conditions such as mesenteric artery dissection,inflammatory bowel disease,cirrhosis,and sepsis.In these pathological states,the integrity of the intestinal barrier,which normally serves to regulate the selective passage of substances between the gut lumen and the bloodstream,becomes compromised.This compromised barrier function can lead to a range of adverse consequences,including increased permeability to harmful substances,the translocation of bacteria and their products into systemic circulation,and heightened inflammatory responses within the gut and beyond.Understanding the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in these diverse disease contexts is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring barrier integrity and ameliorating disease progression.Lipocalin-2(LCN2)expression is significantly upregulated during episodes of intestinal inflammation,making it a pivotal indicator for gauging the extent of such inflammatory processes.Notably,however,LCN2 derived from distinct cellular sources,whether intestinal epithelial cells or immune cells,exhibits notably divergent functional characteristics.Furthermore,the multifaceted nature of LCN2 is underscored by its varying roles across different diseases,sometimes even demonstrating contradictory effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a significant global health issue with increasing incidence owing to aging populations and rising cardiovascular risk factors.In addition to physical impairments,AIS frequently ...BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a significant global health issue with increasing incidence owing to aging populations and rising cardiovascular risk factors.In addition to physical impairments,AIS frequently leads to neuropsychiatric co-mplications,such as cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms,which adversely affect patients’quality of life and rehabilitation.Neutrophil ge-latinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)has emerged as a potential biomarker for various conditions,including AIS.This study investigated the association bet-ween serum NGAL levels at admission and neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.METHODS Between January 2022 and December 2023,150 patients with AIS were enrolled.Serum NGAL levels were measured at admission using an enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination,while anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at discharge.The relationship between serum NGAL levels and cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression,adjusted for potential con-founders of age,sex,body mass index,smoking status,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,previous stroke,and stroke severity.RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65.4±10.2 years,and 58%were males.Prevalence rates of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge were 34.7%,28.0%,and 32.0%,respectively.Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment(median:5.6 ng/mL vs 3.2 ng/mL,P<0.001),anxiety(median:5.1 ng/mL vs 3.5 ng/mL,P=0.002),and depressive symptoms(median:5.4 ng/mL vs 3.3 ng/mL,P<0.001),compared to those without these conditions.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum NGAL levels at admission were independently associated with cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42,95%confidence interval(CI):1.18-1.71,P<0.001],anxiety(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.09-1.51,P=0.003),and depressive symptoms(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.16-1.67,P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders.CONCLUSION Elevated serum NGAL levels were independently associated with cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms in patients with AIS;and may function as potential biomarkers for patients at risk.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)in cirrhosis is common.The diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis patients depends on clinical presentation and laboratory tests like serum creatinine.However,urine biomarkers could also be u...BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)in cirrhosis is common.The diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis patients depends on clinical presentation and laboratory tests like serum creatinine.However,urine biomarkers could also be used to assess the type of AKI and the severity of the disease.We performed a systematic review with metaanalysis to evaluate the association with urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)marker in identifying acute tubular necrosis(ATN)in patients with cirrhosis.AIM To assess the reliability of urine NGAL in the detection of ATN in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and PubMed using keywords including“urine biomarkers”,“NGAL”,“kidney dysfunction”,and“cirrhosis”to identify relevant studies.Data was screened and extracted.Included studies assessed hospitalized cirrhosis patients with AKI using the urine NGAL biomarker.We synthesized the data using diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),comparative and descriptive analyses,and Cochran Mantel-Haenszel(CMH)statistics to evaluate heterogeneity.RESULTS Three thousand seven hundred and one patients with cirrhosis were analyzed from a total of 21 cohort studies.The DOR of 14 of those studies[pooled DOR:22.150,(95%CI:17.58-27.89),P<0.0001]demonstrated a significant association between urine NGAL levels and its identification of ATN.Following stratification by cirrhosis status,heterogeneity was analyzed and showed a significant non-zero correlation between NGAL and AKI(CMH statistic=702.19,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis,the use of urine NGAL is a reliable biomarker for detecting ATN and identifying the etiology of AKI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Globally,diabetic nephropathy(DN)is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease.Currently,renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)...BACKGROUND Globally,diabetic nephropathy(DN)is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease.Currently,renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and proteinuria.Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described;these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease,which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.AIM To estimate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),and periostin(POSTN)levels as novel urinary biomarkers in DN.METHODS In this hospital based cross-sectional study,a total of 160 patients of both genders aged 18 years or more;40 healthy participants and 120 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)were included.Patients with DM were divided into normoalbuminuria(n=40),microalbuminuria(n=40),and macroalbuminuria(n=40)groups as per urine albumin creatinine ratio(uACR).Blood urea,serum creatinine,uACR were measured.Urine NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The eGFR was calculated and compared with urinary markers.RESULTS NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels increased significantly in normo,micro,and macroalbuminuria with the highest in the macroalbuminuria group.Albumin creatinine ratio(ACR)showed a positive correlation with NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels.The eGFR showed a weak negative correlation with ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN.NGAL was significantly lower in stage 1 compared to stage 2,3,and 4 kidney disease.KIM-1 was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 4 kidney disease.POSTN was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 3 and 4 kidney disease.The receiver operator curve analysis of ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN showed good sensitivity of 80%,75.8%,63.3%,and 80%respectively with a cut-off of 12.5 mg/g,4.5μg/L,1.5 ng/mL,and 37.5 ng/mL.CONCLUSION Urinary NGAL and POSTN are independent markers of DN.展开更多
Lipocalin 2(LCN2)plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism,particularly in the context of microbial infection resistance(e.g.,viruses,bacteria,parasites,etc.).LCN2 combats microbial infection by directly assisting the b...Lipocalin 2(LCN2)plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism,particularly in the context of microbial infection resistance(e.g.,viruses,bacteria,parasites,etc.).LCN2 combats microbial infection by directly assisting the body in competing with microorganisms for iron,inducing immune cells to secrete various cytokines to enhance systemic immune responses,or recruiting neutrophils to infectious sites.The liver serves as the primary organ for LCN2 secretion during microbial infections.This review encapsulates recent advances in dynamic changes,clinical values,and the effects of LCN2 in infectious liver diseases caused by various microbial microorganisms.展开更多
基金supported by the Program for Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen(2021N062-JCYJ20210324115408023)Guangdong High-Level Hospital Construction Fund,Shenzhen High-Level Hospital Construction Fund。
文摘Lipocalin-2(LCN2)is a member of the lipocalin superfamily with multiple functions and can participate in the transport of a variety of small lipophilic ligands in vivo.LCN2 is significantly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in regulating tumor cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.The specific actions of LCN2 in tumors may vary depending on the particular type of cancer involved.In this review,we provide an extensive overview of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of LCN2 in health and disease.Furthermore,we summarize the impact of LCN2 dysregulation in a broad range of tumors.Lastly,we examine the mechanisms of action of LCN2 during tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis.Understanding the complex relationships between LCN2 and tumor development,progression,and metastasis is vital for advancing our knowledge of cancer biology,developing biomarkers for diagnosis and clinical decision-making,and creating therapeutic strategies to improve the management of patients with cancer.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.RS-2023-00237287Regional Innovation Strategy Through the National Research Foundation of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.2021RIS-003.
文摘This study evaluates the findings of Gu et al,who investigated the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)as a biomarker for predicting neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients.The results revealed that elevated serum NGAL levels at admission are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge.The study analyzed 150 AIS patients(mean age 65.4 years,58%male)using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess neuropsychiatric outcomes.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher NGAL levels were independent predictors of cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42],anxiety(OR=1.28),and depression(OR=1.39).Notably,NGAL exhibited strong predictive power for cognitive impairment,with an area under the curve of 0.78.Despite these promising findings,NGAL’s clinical utility is limited by its non-specificity across various conditions.Nevertheless,NGAL levels could help identify AIS patients at risk for neuropsychiatric complications,enabling timely intervention and comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation.The study emphasizes the need for further research to validate NGAL’s predictive accuracy and specificity in diverse AIS populations and advocates for its integration with other diagnostic modalities to enhance clinical decision-making.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270587.
文摘Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is a prevalent phenomenon observed across a spectrum of diseases,encompassing conditions such as mesenteric artery dissection,inflammatory bowel disease,cirrhosis,and sepsis.In these pathological states,the integrity of the intestinal barrier,which normally serves to regulate the selective passage of substances between the gut lumen and the bloodstream,becomes compromised.This compromised barrier function can lead to a range of adverse consequences,including increased permeability to harmful substances,the translocation of bacteria and their products into systemic circulation,and heightened inflammatory responses within the gut and beyond.Understanding the mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in these diverse disease contexts is crucial for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring barrier integrity and ameliorating disease progression.Lipocalin-2(LCN2)expression is significantly upregulated during episodes of intestinal inflammation,making it a pivotal indicator for gauging the extent of such inflammatory processes.Notably,however,LCN2 derived from distinct cellular sources,whether intestinal epithelial cells or immune cells,exhibits notably divergent functional characteristics.Furthermore,the multifaceted nature of LCN2 is underscored by its varying roles across different diseases,sometimes even demonstrating contradictory effects.
基金Supported by Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20JR10RA671and The Fund of the First Hospital of Lanzhou University,No.ldyyyn2021-103.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a significant global health issue with increasing incidence owing to aging populations and rising cardiovascular risk factors.In addition to physical impairments,AIS frequently leads to neuropsychiatric co-mplications,such as cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms,which adversely affect patients’quality of life and rehabilitation.Neutrophil ge-latinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)has emerged as a potential biomarker for various conditions,including AIS.This study investigated the association bet-ween serum NGAL levels at admission and neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.METHODS Between January 2022 and December 2023,150 patients with AIS were enrolled.Serum NGAL levels were measured at admission using an enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination,while anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at discharge.The relationship between serum NGAL levels and cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression,adjusted for potential con-founders of age,sex,body mass index,smoking status,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,previous stroke,and stroke severity.RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65.4±10.2 years,and 58%were males.Prevalence rates of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge were 34.7%,28.0%,and 32.0%,respectively.Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment(median:5.6 ng/mL vs 3.2 ng/mL,P<0.001),anxiety(median:5.1 ng/mL vs 3.5 ng/mL,P=0.002),and depressive symptoms(median:5.4 ng/mL vs 3.3 ng/mL,P<0.001),compared to those without these conditions.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum NGAL levels at admission were independently associated with cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42,95%confidence interval(CI):1.18-1.71,P<0.001],anxiety(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.09-1.51,P=0.003),and depressive symptoms(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.16-1.67,P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders.CONCLUSION Elevated serum NGAL levels were independently associated with cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms in patients with AIS;and may function as potential biomarkers for patients at risk.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)in cirrhosis is common.The diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis patients depends on clinical presentation and laboratory tests like serum creatinine.However,urine biomarkers could also be used to assess the type of AKI and the severity of the disease.We performed a systematic review with metaanalysis to evaluate the association with urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)marker in identifying acute tubular necrosis(ATN)in patients with cirrhosis.AIM To assess the reliability of urine NGAL in the detection of ATN in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and PubMed using keywords including“urine biomarkers”,“NGAL”,“kidney dysfunction”,and“cirrhosis”to identify relevant studies.Data was screened and extracted.Included studies assessed hospitalized cirrhosis patients with AKI using the urine NGAL biomarker.We synthesized the data using diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),comparative and descriptive analyses,and Cochran Mantel-Haenszel(CMH)statistics to evaluate heterogeneity.RESULTS Three thousand seven hundred and one patients with cirrhosis were analyzed from a total of 21 cohort studies.The DOR of 14 of those studies[pooled DOR:22.150,(95%CI:17.58-27.89),P<0.0001]demonstrated a significant association between urine NGAL levels and its identification of ATN.Following stratification by cirrhosis status,heterogeneity was analyzed and showed a significant non-zero correlation between NGAL and AKI(CMH statistic=702.19,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis,the use of urine NGAL is a reliable biomarker for detecting ATN and identifying the etiology of AKI.
基金Supported by All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bibinagar,No:AIIMS/BBN/Research/IM-F/2022/20.
文摘BACKGROUND Globally,diabetic nephropathy(DN)is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease.Currently,renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and proteinuria.Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described;these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease,which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.AIM To estimate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),and periostin(POSTN)levels as novel urinary biomarkers in DN.METHODS In this hospital based cross-sectional study,a total of 160 patients of both genders aged 18 years or more;40 healthy participants and 120 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)were included.Patients with DM were divided into normoalbuminuria(n=40),microalbuminuria(n=40),and macroalbuminuria(n=40)groups as per urine albumin creatinine ratio(uACR).Blood urea,serum creatinine,uACR were measured.Urine NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The eGFR was calculated and compared with urinary markers.RESULTS NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels increased significantly in normo,micro,and macroalbuminuria with the highest in the macroalbuminuria group.Albumin creatinine ratio(ACR)showed a positive correlation with NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels.The eGFR showed a weak negative correlation with ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN.NGAL was significantly lower in stage 1 compared to stage 2,3,and 4 kidney disease.KIM-1 was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 4 kidney disease.POSTN was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 3 and 4 kidney disease.The receiver operator curve analysis of ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN showed good sensitivity of 80%,75.8%,63.3%,and 80%respectively with a cut-off of 12.5 mg/g,4.5μg/L,1.5 ng/mL,and 37.5 ng/mL.CONCLUSION Urinary NGAL and POSTN are independent markers of DN.
文摘Lipocalin 2(LCN2)plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism,particularly in the context of microbial infection resistance(e.g.,viruses,bacteria,parasites,etc.).LCN2 combats microbial infection by directly assisting the body in competing with microorganisms for iron,inducing immune cells to secrete various cytokines to enhance systemic immune responses,or recruiting neutrophils to infectious sites.The liver serves as the primary organ for LCN2 secretion during microbial infections.This review encapsulates recent advances in dynamic changes,clinical values,and the effects of LCN2 in infectious liver diseases caused by various microbial microorganisms.
