[Objective] The study aimed at evaluating the ability to save energy and reduce CO2 emission in China＇s cement industry. [Method] Based on long-term energy alternative planning system software （LEAP）, ＂LEAP of Ch...[Objective] The study aimed at evaluating the ability to save energy and reduce CO2 emission in China＇s cement industry. [Method] Based on long-term energy alternative planning system software （LEAP）, ＂LEAP of China＇s cement industry＂ model was established to simulate energy conservation and emission reduction in China＇s cement industry from 2010 to 2040 in different technologic situations. E ResultJ To save ener- gy and reduce CO2 emissions, new dry process kiln has priority over other technologies or measures, followed by equipment enlargement, mechani- cal shaft kiln, power generation system based on waste heat, as well as high-efficiency and energy-saving grinding technology, and new prepara- tion technology. If all the advanced technologies and measures are adopted, energy consumption and C02 emissions can be reduced by about 40.76% and 42.97% respectively. [ Condusion] LEAP of model is suitable for analyzing energy saving and emission reducing in China＇s cement industry and other industrial fields.展开更多
Introduction:Rangeland ecosystems provide multiple ecosystem services,including feed resources for wild and domestic herbivores in semi-arid areas.However,under the ever increasing environmental changes,the impact of ...Introduction:Rangeland ecosystems provide multiple ecosystem services,including feed resources for wild and domestic herbivores in semi-arid areas.However,under the ever increasing environmental changes,the impact of rainfall variability on the productivity and vegetation dynamics of rangelands are the great challenges that pastoral community are facing today.As a result,the potentials of most rangelands in semi-arid ecosystems affect the livestockproduction.Therefore,we studied the interconnections between the long-term rainfall variation and the rangeland Water Requirement and Satisfaction Index(WRSI)in Mieso,Jigjiga,and Shinile districts under pastoral conditions of Ethiopia.Methods:The base period rainfall data(1984–2015)was obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia,whereas the future rainfall trend was predicted using MarkSim software(Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 GHG concentration trajectory).Mann-Kendall’s statistical tests,coefficient of variation,LEAP software(version 2.61),and Minitab Software(version 15)were used to assess the relationship between rangeland WRSI and long-term rainfall variability.Results:The result indicated that mean annual rainfall anomaly had strong positive correlation with rangeland WRSI in Mieso(P<0.05),Jigjiga(P<0.001),and Shinile(P<0.001)pastoral areas.Similarly,short and long rainy seasons had positive association(P<0.001)with rangeland WRSI,especially in Jigjiga and Shinile pastoral districts.The base period rainfall as well as the predicted annual rainfall showed variability in amount and distribution in all studied districts in pastoral areas of Ethiopia.Conclusions:The mean annual rainfall anomaly is correlated with the rangeland WRSI.Moreover,the future rainfall trend analysis indicated that variability of rainfall would be expected in between the years 2020–2049,2040–2069,and 2070–2099.Thus,the future rainfall variability would limit future rangeland WRSI under pastoral conditions of Ethiopia.Based on our study,we suggested establishment and implementation of early warning systems to reduce the likely impact of rainfall variability on future rangeland potential in dry lands under the pastoral production systems in eastern Ethiopia.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Developing National Major Scientific Instruments and Equipments (2011YQ060111)Scientific Research Project of Environmental Protection in Commonweal Industry(201009032)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed at evaluating the ability to save energy and reduce CO2 emission in China＇s cement industry. [Method] Based on long-term energy alternative planning system software （LEAP）, ＂LEAP of China＇s cement industry＂ model was established to simulate energy conservation and emission reduction in China＇s cement industry from 2010 to 2040 in different technologic situations. E ResultJ To save ener- gy and reduce CO2 emissions, new dry process kiln has priority over other technologies or measures, followed by equipment enlargement, mechani- cal shaft kiln, power generation system based on waste heat, as well as high-efficiency and energy-saving grinding technology, and new prepara- tion technology. If all the advanced technologies and measures are adopted, energy consumption and C02 emissions can be reduced by about 40.76% and 42.97% respectively. [ Condusion] LEAP of model is suitable for analyzing energy saving and emission reducing in China＇s cement industry and other industrial fields.
文摘Introduction:Rangeland ecosystems provide multiple ecosystem services,including feed resources for wild and domestic herbivores in semi-arid areas.However,under the ever increasing environmental changes,the impact of rainfall variability on the productivity and vegetation dynamics of rangelands are the great challenges that pastoral community are facing today.As a result,the potentials of most rangelands in semi-arid ecosystems affect the livestockproduction.Therefore,we studied the interconnections between the long-term rainfall variation and the rangeland Water Requirement and Satisfaction Index(WRSI)in Mieso,Jigjiga,and Shinile districts under pastoral conditions of Ethiopia.Methods:The base period rainfall data(1984–2015)was obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia,whereas the future rainfall trend was predicted using MarkSim software(Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 GHG concentration trajectory).Mann-Kendall’s statistical tests,coefficient of variation,LEAP software(version 2.61),and Minitab Software(version 15)were used to assess the relationship between rangeland WRSI and long-term rainfall variability.Results:The result indicated that mean annual rainfall anomaly had strong positive correlation with rangeland WRSI in Mieso(P<0.05),Jigjiga(P<0.001),and Shinile(P<0.001)pastoral areas.Similarly,short and long rainy seasons had positive association(P<0.001)with rangeland WRSI,especially in Jigjiga and Shinile pastoral districts.The base period rainfall as well as the predicted annual rainfall showed variability in amount and distribution in all studied districts in pastoral areas of Ethiopia.Conclusions:The mean annual rainfall anomaly is correlated with the rangeland WRSI.Moreover,the future rainfall trend analysis indicated that variability of rainfall would be expected in between the years 2020–2049,2040–2069,and 2070–2099.Thus,the future rainfall variability would limit future rangeland WRSI under pastoral conditions of Ethiopia.Based on our study,we suggested establishment and implementation of early warning systems to reduce the likely impact of rainfall variability on future rangeland potential in dry lands under the pastoral production systems in eastern Ethiopia.
