Second language(L2)motivation has been a topic which receives intensive attention.However,the peer effect on L2 motivation is insufficiently researched,although it is considered a crucial factor which may significantl...Second language(L2)motivation has been a topic which receives intensive attention.However,the peer effect on L2 motivation is insufficiently researched,although it is considered a crucial factor which may significantly mediate learners’L2 motivation.Hence,the current study adopted Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System(L2MSS)as a theoretical framework and investigated in which specific aspects peers might affect the learners’L2 motivation and whether such effect was long-lasting.The research was designed as a small-scale qualitative study which was located in a language-focused experimental class project in China.Ten participants were recruited and individual interviews were conducted.The results demonstrated that,first,peers could remarkably influence the L2 motivation possessed by the students in the experimental class since they tended to create a clearer ideal L2 self and a more powerful ought-to L2 self.Second,although they had both positive and negative views towards the curriculum,a motivated peer climate could alleviate the pressure caused by the curriculum and reinforce positive attitudes.Third,such peer effect was not long-lasting.Based on the research results,pedagogical implications were proposed in terms of establishing a positive peer group and adjusting the emphasis of the curriculum.展开更多
The paper deals with the g2-stability analysis of multi-input-multi-output(MIMO)systems,governed by integral equations,with a matrix of periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains and a vector of monotone,non-monotone and q...The paper deals with the g2-stability analysis of multi-input-multi-output(MIMO)systems,governed by integral equations,with a matrix of periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains and a vector of monotone,non-monotone and quasi-monotone nonlin-earities.For nonlinear MIMO systems that are described by differential equations,most of the literature on stability is based on an application of quadratic forms as Lyapunov-function candidates.In contrast,a non-Lyapunov framework is employed here to derive new and more general g2-stability conditions in the frequency domain.These conditions have the following features:i)They are expressed in terms of the positive definiteness of the real part of matrices involving the transfer function of the linear time-invariant block and a matrix multiplier function that incorporates the minimax properties of the time-varying linear/nonlinear block,ii)For certain cases of the periodic time-varying gain,they contain,depending on the multiplier function chosen,no restrictions on the normalized rate of variation of the time-varying gain,but,for other periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains,they do.Overall,even when specialized to periodic-coefficient linear and nonlinear MIMO systems,the stability conditions are distinct from and less restrictive than recent results in the literature.No comparable results exist in the literature for aperiodic time-varying gains.Furthermore,some new stability results concerning the dwell-time problem and time-varying gain switching in linear and nonlinear MIMO systems with periodic/aperiodic matrix gains are also presented.Examples are given to illustrate a few of the stability theorems.展开更多
The problem of L_2-L_∞filtering is discussed for singular time-delay systems.Attention is focused on the design of full-order filter that guarantees the delay-dependent exponential admissibility and a prescribed nois...The problem of L_2-L_∞filtering is discussed for singular time-delay systems.Attention is focused on the design of full-order filter that guarantees the delay-dependent exponential admissibility and a prescribed noise attenuation level in L_2-L_∞sense for the filtering error dynamics.The desired filter can be constructed by solving certain linear matrix inequality(LMI).Numerical examples are given to show that the methods have less conservatism.展开更多
A survey carried out among 286 left-behind children in a middle school through the lens of L2 Motivational Self System presents that although left-behind children possess low level of English learning motivation,they ...A survey carried out among 286 left-behind children in a middle school through the lens of L2 Motivational Self System presents that although left-behind children possess low level of English learning motivation,they are favorably disposed towards studying English.Among the three dimensions of L2 Motivational Self System in this survey,L2 Learning Experience influences English learning motivation of left-behind children most and Ideal L2 Self with Ought-to L2 Self ranks the second in affecting their motivation.Practicalimplications are also provided.展开更多
An empirical survey among 219 school students in the framework of L2 Motivational Self System found that Ideal L2 Self,Ought-to L2 Self and L2 Learning Experience in the System make different contributions to L2 motiv...An empirical survey among 219 school students in the framework of L2 Motivational Self System found that Ideal L2 Self,Ought-to L2 Self and L2 Learning Experience in the System make different contributions to L2 motivation respectively and L2 Learning Experience is the largest contributor to L2 motivation for primary and middle school students.The pedagogical implications are also suggested.展开更多
自噬是细胞用来维持体内平衡的一种自我消耗机制,部分研究提示,高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)通过作用于宿主细胞自噬促进宫颈癌的发生。HR-HPV具有将病毒基因组整合到宿主DNA中进而感染宿主细胞的能力,HR...自噬是细胞用来维持体内平衡的一种自我消耗机制,部分研究提示,高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus,HR-HPV)通过作用于宿主细胞自噬促进宫颈癌的发生。HR-HPV具有将病毒基因组整合到宿主DNA中进而感染宿主细胞的能力,HR-HPV L1、L2蛋白协助病毒进入细胞,并通过与靶细胞膜上的细胞表面受体相互作用激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路以抑制自噬过程,使得病毒颗粒不间断地向细胞内运输。HR-HPV L1、L2蛋白可在细胞质中表达并转移到细胞核,通过影响细胞自噬协助病毒逃避免疫监视。虽然目前已有针对HR-HPV L1、L2蛋白的HPV预防性疫苗,但明确HR-HPV L1、L2蛋白对宫颈癌自噬具体的调节方式,或能为宫颈癌的防治拓展新思路。展开更多
文摘Second language(L2)motivation has been a topic which receives intensive attention.However,the peer effect on L2 motivation is insufficiently researched,although it is considered a crucial factor which may significantly mediate learners’L2 motivation.Hence,the current study adopted Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System(L2MSS)as a theoretical framework and investigated in which specific aspects peers might affect the learners’L2 motivation and whether such effect was long-lasting.The research was designed as a small-scale qualitative study which was located in a language-focused experimental class project in China.Ten participants were recruited and individual interviews were conducted.The results demonstrated that,first,peers could remarkably influence the L2 motivation possessed by the students in the experimental class since they tended to create a clearer ideal L2 self and a more powerful ought-to L2 self.Second,although they had both positive and negative views towards the curriculum,a motivated peer climate could alleviate the pressure caused by the curriculum and reinforce positive attitudes.Third,such peer effect was not long-lasting.Based on the research results,pedagogical implications were proposed in terms of establishing a positive peer group and adjusting the emphasis of the curriculum.
文摘The paper deals with the g2-stability analysis of multi-input-multi-output(MIMO)systems,governed by integral equations,with a matrix of periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains and a vector of monotone,non-monotone and quasi-monotone nonlin-earities.For nonlinear MIMO systems that are described by differential equations,most of the literature on stability is based on an application of quadratic forms as Lyapunov-function candidates.In contrast,a non-Lyapunov framework is employed here to derive new and more general g2-stability conditions in the frequency domain.These conditions have the following features:i)They are expressed in terms of the positive definiteness of the real part of matrices involving the transfer function of the linear time-invariant block and a matrix multiplier function that incorporates the minimax properties of the time-varying linear/nonlinear block,ii)For certain cases of the periodic time-varying gain,they contain,depending on the multiplier function chosen,no restrictions on the normalized rate of variation of the time-varying gain,but,for other periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains,they do.Overall,even when specialized to periodic-coefficient linear and nonlinear MIMO systems,the stability conditions are distinct from and less restrictive than recent results in the literature.No comparable results exist in the literature for aperiodic time-varying gains.Furthermore,some new stability results concerning the dwell-time problem and time-varying gain switching in linear and nonlinear MIMO systems with periodic/aperiodic matrix gains are also presented.Examples are given to illustrate a few of the stability theorems.
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2006AA04Z182)National Creative Research Groups Science Foundation of China(60721062)National Natural Science Foundation of China(60736021)
文摘The problem of L_2-L_∞filtering is discussed for singular time-delay systems.Attention is focused on the design of full-order filter that guarantees the delay-dependent exponential admissibility and a prescribed noise attenuation level in L_2-L_∞sense for the filtering error dynamics.The desired filter can be constructed by solving certain linear matrix inequality(LMI).Numerical examples are given to show that the methods have less conservatism.
文摘A survey carried out among 286 left-behind children in a middle school through the lens of L2 Motivational Self System presents that although left-behind children possess low level of English learning motivation,they are favorably disposed towards studying English.Among the three dimensions of L2 Motivational Self System in this survey,L2 Learning Experience influences English learning motivation of left-behind children most and Ideal L2 Self with Ought-to L2 Self ranks the second in affecting their motivation.Practicalimplications are also provided.
文摘An empirical survey among 219 school students in the framework of L2 Motivational Self System found that Ideal L2 Self,Ought-to L2 Self and L2 Learning Experience in the System make different contributions to L2 motivation respectively and L2 Learning Experience is the largest contributor to L2 motivation for primary and middle school students.The pedagogical implications are also suggested.
