In this paper, we introduce some new subclasses of meromorphically uniformly reciprocal starlike functions associated with the generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator and its corresponding integral operator defined by s...In this paper, we introduce some new subclasses of meromorphically uniformly reciprocal starlike functions associated with the generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator and its corresponding integral operator defined by subordination. We obtain the inclusion relation, sufficient conditions and raajorization property of the class. Moreover, we point out some new and interesting corollaries of our main result. These results generalize some known results.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of task-oriented training combined with a lower limb rehabilitation robot on improving motor function and ankle joint function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Sixty-three st...Objective:To evaluate the effect of task-oriented training combined with a lower limb rehabilitation robot on improving motor function and ankle joint function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Sixty-three stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2024 were randomly divided into observation group(32 cases)and control group(31 cases)using the envelope method.The control group received task-oriented training,while the observation group received additional lower limb rehabilitation robot training.The motor function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity,FMA-LE)and ankle joint function(Active Dorsiflexion Range of Motion,DF AROM)were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the levels of FMA-LE and DF AROM in both groups increased significantly,and the improvement in each index in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of task-oriented training and lower limb rehabilitation robot training can more effectively improve the overall motor function of the lower limbs and the active dorsiflexion ability of the ankle joint in stroke patients with hemiplegia.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
The generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator is used here to introduce a class of analytic functions in the open unit disc. We provide convolution properties, some subordination relations and the problem of radius. The r...The generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator is used here to introduce a class of analytic functions in the open unit disc. We provide convolution properties, some subordination relations and the problem of radius. The results presented here extend some of the earlier results.展开更多
By using the hypergeometric function defined by the Dziok-Srivastava operator, a new subclass of meromorphic function is introdued. We obtain Fekete-Szeg? inequalities for the meromorphic function f(z) for which α-(1...By using the hypergeometric function defined by the Dziok-Srivastava operator, a new subclass of meromorphic function is introdued. We obtain Fekete-Szeg? inequalities for the meromorphic function f(z) for which α-(1 + α{1 +z[_lI_mf(z)]′′/[_lI_mf(z)]′}/z[_lI_mf(z)]′/_lI_mf(z))■φ(z)(α ∈ C-{1/2, 1}).展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
This paper investigates impulsive orbital attack-defense(AD)games under multiple constraints and victory conditions,involving three spacecraft:attacker,target,and defender.In the AD scenario,the attacker aims to breac...This paper investigates impulsive orbital attack-defense(AD)games under multiple constraints and victory conditions,involving three spacecraft:attacker,target,and defender.In the AD scenario,the attacker aims to breach the defender's interception to rendezvous with the target,while the defender seeks to protect the target by blocking or actively pursuing the attacker.Four different maneuvering constraints and five potential game outcomes are incorporated to more accurately model AD game problems and increase complexity,thereby reducing the effectiveness of traditional methods such as differential games and game-tree searches.To address these challenges,this study proposes a multiagent deep reinforcement learning solution with variable reward functions.Two attack strategies,Direct attack(DA)and Bypass attack(BA),are developed for the attacker,each focusing on different mission priorities.Similarly,two defense strategies,Direct interdiction(DI)and Collinear interdiction(CI),are designed for the defender,each optimizing specific defensive actions through tailored reward functions.Each reward function incorporates both process rewards(e.g.,distance and angle)and outcome rewards,derived from physical principles and validated via geometric analysis.Extensive simulations of four strategy confrontations demonstrate average defensive success rates of 75%for DI vs.DA,40%for DI vs.BA,80%for CI vs.DA,and 70%for CI vs.BA.Results indicate that CI outperforms DI for defenders,while BA outperforms DA for attackers.Moreover,defenders achieve their objectives more effectively under identical maneuvering capabilities.Trajectory evolution analyses further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed variable reward function-driven strategies.These strategies and analyses offer valuable guidance for practical orbital defense scenarios and lay a foundation for future multi-agent game research.展开更多
In this paper we introduce the notion of the Henstock-Stieltjes (HS) integrals of interval-valued functions and fuzzy-number-valued functions and discuss some of their properties.
In this paper, we use the methods of differential subordination and the properties of convolution to investigate the class Wp（H（ai, bj）; φ） of multivalent analytic functions, which is defined by the Dziok-Srivast...In this paper, we use the methods of differential subordination and the properties of convolution to investigate the class Wp（H（ai, bj）; φ） of multivalent analytic functions, which is defined by the Dziok-Srivastava operator H（a1,..., aq; b1,..., bs）. Some inclusion properties for this class are obtained.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)technique enables critical engineering predictions and is widely adopted.However,since this iterative computation relies on the fixed-point iteration,it may converge to unexpec...The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)technique enables critical engineering predictions and is widely adopted.However,since this iterative computation relies on the fixed-point iteration,it may converge to unexpected non-physical phase points in practice.We conduct an analysis on the phase-space characteristics and the fixed-point theory underlying the k-ε turbulence model,and employ the classical Kolmogorov flow as a framework,leveraging its direct numerical simulation(DNS)data to construct a one-dimensional(1D)system under periodic/fixed boundary conditions.The RANS results demonstrate that under periodic boundary conditions,the k-ε model exhibits only a unique trivial fixed point,with asymptotes capturing the phase portraits.The stability of this trivial fixed point is determined by a mathematically derived stability phase diagram,indicating the fact that the k-ε model will never converge to correct values under periodic conditions.In contrast,under fixed boundary conditions,the model can yield a stable non-trivial fixed point.The evolutionary mechanisms and their relationship with boundary condition settings systematically explain the inherent limitations of the k-ε model,i.e.,its deficiency in computing the flow field under periodic boundary conditions and sensitivity to boundary-value specifications under fixed boundary conditions.These conclusions are finally validated with the open-source code OpenFOAM.展开更多
We report results on electronic, transport, and bulk properties of rock-salt magnesium selenide (MgSe), from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We utilized a local density approximation (LDA) potential and ...We report results on electronic, transport, and bulk properties of rock-salt magnesium selenide (MgSe), from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We utilized a local density approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals formalism (LCAO). We followed the Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams (BZW) method, as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF), to perform a generalized minimization of the energy, down to the actual ground state of the material. We describe the successive, self-consistent calculations, with augmented basis sets, that are needed for this generalized minimization. Due to the generalized minimization, our results have the full, physical content of DFT, as per the second DFT theorem [AIP Advances, 4, 127104 (2014)]. Our calculated, indirect bandgap of 2.49 eV, for a room temperature lattice constant of 5.460 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Å</span>, agrees with experimental findings. We present the ground-state band structure, the related total and partial densities of states, DOS and PDOS, respectively, and electron and hole effective masses for the material. Our calculated bulk modulus of 63.1 GPa is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 62.8 ± 1.6 GPa. Our predicted equilibrium lattice constant, at zero temperature, is 5.424 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Å</span>, with a corresponding indirect bandgap of 2.51 eV. We discuss the reasons for the agreements between our findings and available, corresponding, experimental ones, particularly for the band gap, unlike the previous DFT results obtained with ab-initio LDA or GGA potentials.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11561001)Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Province(2014MS0101)Supported by the Higher School Foundation of Inner Mongolia Province(2015NJZY240)
文摘In this paper, we introduce some new subclasses of meromorphically uniformly reciprocal starlike functions associated with the generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator and its corresponding integral operator defined by subordination. We obtain the inclusion relation, sufficient conditions and raajorization property of the class. Moreover, we point out some new and interesting corollaries of our main result. These results generalize some known results.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of task-oriented training combined with a lower limb rehabilitation robot on improving motor function and ankle joint function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.Methods:Sixty-three stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2024 were randomly divided into observation group(32 cases)and control group(31 cases)using the envelope method.The control group received task-oriented training,while the observation group received additional lower limb rehabilitation robot training.The motor function(Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity,FMA-LE)and ankle joint function(Active Dorsiflexion Range of Motion,DF AROM)were compared between the two groups.Results:After treatment,the levels of FMA-LE and DF AROM in both groups increased significantly,and the improvement in each index in the observation group was better than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combination of task-oriented training and lower limb rehabilitation robot training can more effectively improve the overall motor function of the lower limbs and the active dorsiflexion ability of the ankle joint in stroke patients with hemiplegia.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(2014MS0101)Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(11561001)Supported by the Higher School Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia of China(NJZY16251)
文摘The generalized Dziok-Srivastava operator is used here to introduce a class of analytic functions in the open unit disc. We provide convolution properties, some subordination relations and the problem of radius. The results presented here extend some of the earlier results.
基金The NSF(KJ2015A372)of Anhui Provincial Department of Education
文摘By using the hypergeometric function defined by the Dziok-Srivastava operator, a new subclass of meromorphic function is introdued. We obtain Fekete-Szeg? inequalities for the meromorphic function f(z) for which α-(1 + α{1 +z[_lI_mf(z)]′′/[_lI_mf(z)]′}/z[_lI_mf(z)]′/_lI_mf(z))■φ(z)(α ∈ C-{1/2, 1}).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China:Gravitational Wave Detection Project(Grant Nos.2021YFC22026,2021YFC2202601,2021YFC2202603)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172288 and 12472046)。
文摘This paper investigates impulsive orbital attack-defense(AD)games under multiple constraints and victory conditions,involving three spacecraft:attacker,target,and defender.In the AD scenario,the attacker aims to breach the defender's interception to rendezvous with the target,while the defender seeks to protect the target by blocking or actively pursuing the attacker.Four different maneuvering constraints and five potential game outcomes are incorporated to more accurately model AD game problems and increase complexity,thereby reducing the effectiveness of traditional methods such as differential games and game-tree searches.To address these challenges,this study proposes a multiagent deep reinforcement learning solution with variable reward functions.Two attack strategies,Direct attack(DA)and Bypass attack(BA),are developed for the attacker,each focusing on different mission priorities.Similarly,two defense strategies,Direct interdiction(DI)and Collinear interdiction(CI),are designed for the defender,each optimizing specific defensive actions through tailored reward functions.Each reward function incorporates both process rewards(e.g.,distance and angle)and outcome rewards,derived from physical principles and validated via geometric analysis.Extensive simulations of four strategy confrontations demonstrate average defensive success rates of 75%for DI vs.DA,40%for DI vs.BA,80%for CI vs.DA,and 70%for CI vs.BA.Results indicate that CI outperforms DI for defenders,while BA outperforms DA for attackers.Moreover,defenders achieve their objectives more effectively under identical maneuvering capabilities.Trajectory evolution analyses further illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed variable reward function-driven strategies.These strategies and analyses offer valuable guidance for practical orbital defense scenarios and lay a foundation for future multi-agent game research.
文摘In this paper we introduce the notion of the Henstock-Stieltjes (HS) integrals of interval-valued functions and fuzzy-number-valued functions and discuss some of their properties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271045)the Funds of Doctoral Programme of China(Grant No.20100003110004)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Province(Grant Nos.2010MS01172014MS0101)
文摘In this paper, we use the methods of differential subordination and the properties of convolution to investigate the class Wp（H（ai, bj）; φ） of multivalent analytic functions, which is defined by the Dziok-Srivastava operator H（a1,..., aq; b1,..., bs）. Some inclusion properties for this class are obtained.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372214 and U2341231)。
文摘The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)technique enables critical engineering predictions and is widely adopted.However,since this iterative computation relies on the fixed-point iteration,it may converge to unexpected non-physical phase points in practice.We conduct an analysis on the phase-space characteristics and the fixed-point theory underlying the k-ε turbulence model,and employ the classical Kolmogorov flow as a framework,leveraging its direct numerical simulation(DNS)data to construct a one-dimensional(1D)system under periodic/fixed boundary conditions.The RANS results demonstrate that under periodic boundary conditions,the k-ε model exhibits only a unique trivial fixed point,with asymptotes capturing the phase portraits.The stability of this trivial fixed point is determined by a mathematically derived stability phase diagram,indicating the fact that the k-ε model will never converge to correct values under periodic conditions.In contrast,under fixed boundary conditions,the model can yield a stable non-trivial fixed point.The evolutionary mechanisms and their relationship with boundary condition settings systematically explain the inherent limitations of the k-ε model,i.e.,its deficiency in computing the flow field under periodic boundary conditions and sensitivity to boundary-value specifications under fixed boundary conditions.These conclusions are finally validated with the open-source code OpenFOAM.
文摘We report results on electronic, transport, and bulk properties of rock-salt magnesium selenide (MgSe), from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We utilized a local density approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals formalism (LCAO). We followed the Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams (BZW) method, as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF), to perform a generalized minimization of the energy, down to the actual ground state of the material. We describe the successive, self-consistent calculations, with augmented basis sets, that are needed for this generalized minimization. Due to the generalized minimization, our results have the full, physical content of DFT, as per the second DFT theorem [AIP Advances, 4, 127104 (2014)]. Our calculated, indirect bandgap of 2.49 eV, for a room temperature lattice constant of 5.460 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Å</span>, agrees with experimental findings. We present the ground-state band structure, the related total and partial densities of states, DOS and PDOS, respectively, and electron and hole effective masses for the material. Our calculated bulk modulus of 63.1 GPa is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 62.8 ± 1.6 GPa. Our predicted equilibrium lattice constant, at zero temperature, is 5.424 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Å</span>, with a corresponding indirect bandgap of 2.51 eV. We discuss the reasons for the agreements between our findings and available, corresponding, experimental ones, particularly for the band gap, unlike the previous DFT results obtained with ab-initio LDA or GGA potentials.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
