Objective: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) increases the risk of developing breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. With the insurance coverage for BRCA genetic testing, the number of i...Objective: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) increases the risk of developing breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. With the insurance coverage for BRCA genetic testing, the number of individuals diagnosed with HBOC has increased. To use these test results effectively, cascade genetic testing (CGT) is recommended for at-risk relatives;however, it is not yet widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of the general population to share genetic test results and undergo CGT, as well as to analyze the factors influencing these decisions. Based on these findings, the study aimed to identify the types of support needed to support the sharing of genetic test results and promote the use of CGT. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 500 participants (50 men and women from each of the five generations, ranging from 20 to 69 years). Results: Among the HBOC blood relatives, 51.2% wanted to share the genetic results and 71.9% expressed a willingness to undergo CGT. “Matters to be shared with relatives” and “Helpful for my cancer prevention” were identified as key factors promoting the willingness to share the BRCA genetic test results and undergo CGT. The motivation for “Helpful for my cancer prevention” had a particularly strong influence on the decision to undergo CGT. Conclusion: In the general population, there is an emerging understanding that the genetic information impacts not only the individuals but also their entire families and can be valuable for cancer prevention. To promote the sharing of BRCA genetic test results and CGT uptake, the healthcare providers should offer support tailored to each family’s circumstances and establish cancer prevention measures recommended for HBOC.展开更多
When the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out,a large number of Tibetan Buddhist monks who loved the country also participated in this all-out war.
This paper analyzes the use of metaphor and metonymy in Japanese advertising language.These rhetorical devices enhance emotional appeal,capture consumer attention,and convey product value indirectly through imagery an...This paper analyzes the use of metaphor and metonymy in Japanese advertising language.These rhetorical devices enhance emotional appeal,capture consumer attention,and convey product value indirectly through imagery and association.Metonymy expresses benefits via related elements like body parts or sensations,while metaphors connect products to nature or emotion,evoking rich sensory experiences.The study examines examples across categories such as beauty,health,and lifestyle,showing how these expressions align with Japanese cultural values of subtlety and suggestion.It concludes that metaphorical language in advertising not only informs but also emotionally resonates with consumers,making products more memorable and desirable.展开更多
Due to the discharge of industrialwastewater,urban domestic sewage,and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater,nitrate(NO_(3)^(−))pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters.Nitrate pollution affect...Due to the discharge of industrialwastewater,urban domestic sewage,and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater,nitrate(NO_(3)^(−))pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters.Nitrate pollution affects aquatic life and may interact with other pollutants,leading to comprehensive toxicity.Cadmium(Cd^(2+))is the most widespread metal contaminant,adversely affecting aquatic life in the coastal waters of China.Despite this,few studies have focused on the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+)in marine organisms.This study conducted a 30-day exposure experiment on marine Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)to explore the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).Our results demonstrated that the exposure to Cd^(2+)alone induced slight histopathological changes in the liver.However,malformations such as hepatic vacuolar degeneration and sinusoid dilatationwere exacerbated under co-exposure.Moreover,co-exposure induced the downregulation of antioxidants and the upregulation of the product malonaldehyde(MDA)from lipid peroxidation,indicating potent oxidative stress in the liver.The increased mRNA expression of IL-8,TNF-α,and IL-1β,along with the decreased expression level of TGF-β,indicated a synergistic inflammatory response in the organisms.Furthermore,the co-exposure led to an abnormal expression of P53,caspase-3,caspase-9,Bcl-2,and Bax,and disturbed the apoptosis in the liver through TUNEL staining analysis.Overall,our results imply that co-exposure synergistically affects inflammation,redox status,and apoptosis in flounders.Therefore,the findings from this study provide valuable perspectives on the ecological risk assessment of marine teleosts co-exposure to NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).展开更多
Japanese encephalitis(JE),a vector-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),remains a major public health concern in South and Southeast Asia[1].JEV,a Flaviviridae family virus,is primarily transmi...Japanese encephalitis(JE),a vector-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),remains a major public health concern in South and Southeast Asia[1].JEV,a Flaviviridae family virus,is primarily transmitted by Culex mosquitoes,especially the Culex vishnui subgroup,which breeds extensively in rice fields[1].Birds(Ardeidae family)act as natural reservoirs,while pigs serve as amplifying hosts,and humans are incidental hosts[1].展开更多
Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a type of endogenous competitive RNA that can perform various functions and regulate a number of biological activities in organisms.Many studies have shown that circRNAs can modulate skeleta...Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a type of endogenous competitive RNA that can perform various functions and regulate a number of biological activities in organisms.Many studies have shown that circRNAs can modulate skeletal muscle development in animals.However,the effects of circRNAs on the skeletal muscle development of Japanese flounder and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.We screened circRNA_2111 from previously obtained transcriptomic data related to Japanese flounder skeletal mus-cle development.Derived from the tefb gene,it has been designated as circtefb.Circtefb was formed by the reverse splicing of two exons of tefb.Circtefb was more stable than its corresponding linear RNA.There was a significant difference in the expression of circtefb at different stages P1(90 d),P2(12 months)and P3(24 months)of Japanese flounder(p<0.05).Over-expression of circtefb in Japanese flounder myocytes resulted in a significant upregulation of proliferation marker genes ccnd1,ccnd2a and pcna(p<0.05),suggesting that it promoted proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The expressions of ccnd1,ccnd2a,and pcna were signifi-cantly decreased after the transfection of pol-miR-138 into Japanese flounder myocytes(p<0.05).In addition,circtefb can suppress pol-miR-138 function by binding to it,which was detected by dual-Luciferase reporter assay and co-transfection of circtefb and pol-miR-138,thereby promoting the proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The results indicated the function of circRNAs in Japanese flounder muscle development,,which is also helpful to understand the growth and development of other fish species.展开更多
In the contemporary context of increasingly severe global ecological crises,literary works have gradually emerged as essential media through which humanity reflects on the relationship between the natural environment ...In the contemporary context of increasingly severe global ecological crises,literary works have gradually emerged as essential media through which humanity reflects on the relationship between the natural environment and human civilization.Within this trend,Japanese science fiction has produced a growing body of works that engage with ecological issues.Taking the Japanese science fiction novel The Palace of the Flower Dragons as a case study,this paper employs the theoretical framework of ecocriticism to examine the text across three dimensions-natural,social,and spiritual ecology.It investigates how the novel uses apocalyptic narrative strategies to explore the human-nature relationship and to articulate an ecological ethic of coexistence grounded in a non-anthropocentric worldview,thereby offering meaningful literary reference points for addressing real-world environmental crises.展开更多
Under natural conditions, organisms regularly experience seasonal or unpredictable fluctuations in their diet that may shape the quantity and quality of their reproduction. While these dietary shifts are known to infl...Under natural conditions, organisms regularly experience seasonal or unpredictable fluctuations in their diet that may shape the quantity and quality of their reproduction. While these dietary shifts are known to influence overall reproductive output, their specific effects on the proportional composition of egg components remain unexplored. To partially simulate the natural conditions, we conducted two trials using adult Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) to examine how dietary restriction and unpredictable feeding influence the proportional composition of egg components. In the first trial, quails were assigned to one of four treatments: full-fed (control) or restricted feeding at 20% (DR20), 30% (DR30), and 40% (DR40) below daily intake. In the second trial, quails were assigned to one of three treatments: full feeding (control), constant 40% restriction (DR40), or unpredictable feeding schedule (UNPR). Each trial lasted for 14 days, and birds were housed individually. Severe dietary restrictions (DR30, DR40) reduced albumen and shell mass, shell thickness, and egg volume. However, yolk mass, yolk color, egg shape index, and shell density remained unaffected across all dietary levels. Severe restrictions also increased the yolk ratio while reducing the albumen ratio, suggesting that birds may evolutionarily prioritize yolk deposition to sustain reproductive functions. However, reduced albumen content due to maternal nutritional stress may also limit essential nutrients, and disrupt the embryo's osmoregulation, which ultimately affects offspring quality. Reduced shell contents at the severe restriction levels can affect the egg's ability to provide physical protection, regulate gas exchange and control water loss, thereby influencing embryonic development. In contrast, moderate restriction (DR20) and unpredictable feeding (UNPR) had no effect on any of the egg traits. These findings suggest that quails strategically allocate resources among egg components under dietary constraints, indicating potential trade-offs in reproductive investment. The resilience observed under moderate restriction and unpredictability underscores the species' adaptive capacity in fluctuating environments.展开更多
Predator dummies are usually used to explore the impact of predator features on the anti-predator behavior of birds.Previous studies have shown that the morphology and behavior of aerial predators can signal different...Predator dummies are usually used to explore the impact of predator features on the anti-predator behavior of birds.Previous studies have shown that the morphology and behavior of aerial predators can signal different threat levels to birds.However,whether subtle changes in ground predator dummies cause changes in the nest defense behavior of parent birds is unclear.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether Japanese Tits(Parus minor)exhibit different nest defense behaviors in response to experimentally manipulated variations in the appearance,posture,and size of virtual snake proxies(common nest predators).During the incubation period,we observed the nest defense behaviors of the parent tits against taxidermized Siberian Ratsnakes(Elaphe schrenckii)with varied characteristics and rubber-made model snakes.The tits exhibited more intense responses to taxidermized large(body length about 120 cm)coiled ratsnakes than to large coiled model snakes.They exhibited weaker responses to taxidermized small(body length about 20 cm)coiled ratsnakes than to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes.In addition,they exhibited more intense responses to taxidermized large coiled ratsnakes than to taxidermized small coiled ratsnakes,and more intense responses to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes than to large model snakes.However,there was no difference in the response of tits to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes and taxidermized large coiled ratsnakes,or to taxidermized small coiled ratsnakes and model snakes.Thus,the presence of scales,a sinusoidal posture,and a large body size of snake dummies can induce more intense behavioral responses in Japanese Tits.We suggested that Japanese Tits can discriminate subtle differences in ground predator dummies of nests and exhibit different nest defense behaviors.展开更多
The Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)causes Japanese encephalitis(JE),a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications.With the widespread adoption of vaccin...The Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)causes Japanese encephalitis(JE),a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications.With the widespread adoption of vaccination in children,the incidence among older individuals has increased substantially.Despite this epidemiological shift,research on JEV infection in the elderly remains limited.We established JEV infection models using both aged and young mice to explore age-related differences in pathology and underlying mechanisms.Brain tissue samples were analyzed for pathological changes and viral tropism in major cell types.To further characterize immune response variations,we conducted transcriptomic sequencing on the brain tissues following JEV infection.Aged mice exhibited lower mortality,delayed disease progression,and milder brain pathology compared to young mice after JEV infection.Viral titers and infection rates of major brain cell types were similar in both groups.Transcriptomic analysis revealed diminished immune activation and weaker inflammatory responses in aged mice.Additionally,microglial activation and CD8^(+) T cell function were significantly reduced.Interestingly,JEV infection induced the selective recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice.These B cells may modulate the effects of CD8^(+) T cells in the disease process.Compared to young mice,aged mice showed enhanced resistance to JEV progression and reduced brain pathology.This resistance was associated with a weakened immune response in the aged brain,rather than differences in viral infection.The specific recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice may play a crucial role in limiting disease progression.展开更多
This paper proposes a new predictor by calculating the difference between the Japanese candlestick’s upper and lower shadows(ULD)constructed from CBOE volatility index(VIX)data.ULD is a powerful predictor for future ...This paper proposes a new predictor by calculating the difference between the Japanese candlestick’s upper and lower shadows(ULD)constructed from CBOE volatility index(VIX)data.ULD is a powerful predictor for future stock returns,and higher ULD leads to the subsequent decline of stock returns.Our results show that our new predictor generates R^2 values of up to 2.531%and 3.988%in-sample and out-of-sample,respectively;these values are much larger than the previous fundamental predictors.Moreover,the predictive information contained in ULD can help mean–variance investors achieve certainty equivalent return gains of as high as 327.1 basis points.Finally,the extension analysis and robustness tests indicate that recession is the primary cause of return predictability;our results are robust under different settings.展开更多
This paper examines the Chinese terminology in 2024 Government Work Report and conducts a comparative analysis of its translation into English and Japanese.The study explores the challenges and strategies involved in ...This paper examines the Chinese terminology in 2024 Government Work Report and conducts a comparative analysis of its translation into English and Japanese.The study explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating these terms,taking into account differences in vocabulary,grammatical structure,and cultural context between the two languages.The findings reveal that the same term may be translated differently into English and Japanese due to the distinct linguistic and cultural characteristics of each language.The research emphasizes that understanding and respecting the unique features of each language and culture are essential for accurately conveying the meaning of Chinese terms.This is crucial for enhancing the international influence of Chinese discourse and promoting cross-cultural communication.展开更多
The scalar of Japanese yew （Taxus cuspidata） population and the relationship between individual distribution and site factors were analyzed according to investigating data in 74 sample belts with a total sampled are...The scalar of Japanese yew （Taxus cuspidata） population and the relationship between individual distribution and site factors were analyzed according to investigating data in 74 sample belts with a total sampled area of 436.872 hm2 in Muling Nature Reserve. The result showed that the distribution rules of Japanese yew population were correlated to elevation, slope position, slope aspect and slope gradient. The optimal distribution range in elevation for the natural Japanese yew population is at the attitudes of 700-800 m. The amounts of Japanese yew individuals on shady slope were more than those on sunny slope. On top slope and mid-slope, the individual amounts of Japanese yew are more than those on toe slope. Most of Japanese yew individuals occurred on slope gradient of less than 15. The scalar of the population was decreased with the slope gradient increasing.展开更多
[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alc...[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.展开更多
The paper analyzed the design concept and design method of Yoji Sasaki and appreciated his representative works,aiming to provide reference and enlightenment for inheritance and development of Chinese classical gardens.
文摘Objective: Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) increases the risk of developing breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. With the insurance coverage for BRCA genetic testing, the number of individuals diagnosed with HBOC has increased. To use these test results effectively, cascade genetic testing (CGT) is recommended for at-risk relatives;however, it is not yet widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of the general population to share genetic test results and undergo CGT, as well as to analyze the factors influencing these decisions. Based on these findings, the study aimed to identify the types of support needed to support the sharing of genetic test results and promote the use of CGT. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 500 participants (50 men and women from each of the five generations, ranging from 20 to 69 years). Results: Among the HBOC blood relatives, 51.2% wanted to share the genetic results and 71.9% expressed a willingness to undergo CGT. “Matters to be shared with relatives” and “Helpful for my cancer prevention” were identified as key factors promoting the willingness to share the BRCA genetic test results and undergo CGT. The motivation for “Helpful for my cancer prevention” had a particularly strong influence on the decision to undergo CGT. Conclusion: In the general population, there is an emerging understanding that the genetic information impacts not only the individuals but also their entire families and can be valuable for cancer prevention. To promote the sharing of BRCA genetic test results and CGT uptake, the healthcare providers should offer support tailored to each family’s circumstances and establish cancer prevention measures recommended for HBOC.
文摘When the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression broke out,a large number of Tibetan Buddhist monks who loved the country also participated in this all-out war.
文摘This paper analyzes the use of metaphor and metonymy in Japanese advertising language.These rhetorical devices enhance emotional appeal,capture consumer attention,and convey product value indirectly through imagery and association.Metonymy expresses benefits via related elements like body parts or sensations,while metaphors connect products to nature or emotion,evoking rich sensory experiences.The study examines examples across categories such as beauty,health,and lifestyle,showing how these expressions align with Japanese cultural values of subtlety and suggestion.It concludes that metaphorical language in advertising not only informs but also emotionally resonates with consumers,making products more memorable and desirable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202963)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220681)+3 种基金the Doctoral Program of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCBS20221625)the Scientific Research Foundation Program of Jiangsu Ocean University(No.KQ22009)the Undergraduate Innovation&Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.SY202411641631001)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX2023-112).
文摘Due to the discharge of industrialwastewater,urban domestic sewage,and intensive marine aquaculture tailwater,nitrate(NO_(3)^(−))pollution has emerged as a significant issue in offshore waters.Nitrate pollution affects aquatic life and may interact with other pollutants,leading to comprehensive toxicity.Cadmium(Cd^(2+))is the most widespread metal contaminant,adversely affecting aquatic life in the coastal waters of China.Despite this,few studies have focused on the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+)in marine organisms.This study conducted a 30-day exposure experiment on marine Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)to explore the synergistic toxicity of NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).Our results demonstrated that the exposure to Cd^(2+)alone induced slight histopathological changes in the liver.However,malformations such as hepatic vacuolar degeneration and sinusoid dilatationwere exacerbated under co-exposure.Moreover,co-exposure induced the downregulation of antioxidants and the upregulation of the product malonaldehyde(MDA)from lipid peroxidation,indicating potent oxidative stress in the liver.The increased mRNA expression of IL-8,TNF-α,and IL-1β,along with the decreased expression level of TGF-β,indicated a synergistic inflammatory response in the organisms.Furthermore,the co-exposure led to an abnormal expression of P53,caspase-3,caspase-9,Bcl-2,and Bax,and disturbed the apoptosis in the liver through TUNEL staining analysis.Overall,our results imply that co-exposure synergistically affects inflammation,redox status,and apoptosis in flounders.Therefore,the findings from this study provide valuable perspectives on the ecological risk assessment of marine teleosts co-exposure to NO_(3)^(−)and Cd^(2+).
文摘Japanese encephalitis(JE),a vector-borne disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV),remains a major public health concern in South and Southeast Asia[1].JEV,a Flaviviridae family virus,is primarily transmitted by Culex mosquitoes,especially the Culex vishnui subgroup,which breeds extensively in rice fields[1].Birds(Ardeidae family)act as natural reservoirs,while pigs serve as amplifying hosts,and humans are incidental hosts[1].
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2400401)the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31672642).
文摘Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are a type of endogenous competitive RNA that can perform various functions and regulate a number of biological activities in organisms.Many studies have shown that circRNAs can modulate skeletal muscle development in animals.However,the effects of circRNAs on the skeletal muscle development of Japanese flounder and its regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.We screened circRNA_2111 from previously obtained transcriptomic data related to Japanese flounder skeletal mus-cle development.Derived from the tefb gene,it has been designated as circtefb.Circtefb was formed by the reverse splicing of two exons of tefb.Circtefb was more stable than its corresponding linear RNA.There was a significant difference in the expression of circtefb at different stages P1(90 d),P2(12 months)and P3(24 months)of Japanese flounder(p<0.05).Over-expression of circtefb in Japanese flounder myocytes resulted in a significant upregulation of proliferation marker genes ccnd1,ccnd2a and pcna(p<0.05),suggesting that it promoted proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The expressions of ccnd1,ccnd2a,and pcna were signifi-cantly decreased after the transfection of pol-miR-138 into Japanese flounder myocytes(p<0.05).In addition,circtefb can suppress pol-miR-138 function by binding to it,which was detected by dual-Luciferase reporter assay and co-transfection of circtefb and pol-miR-138,thereby promoting the proliferation of Japanese flounder myocytes.The results indicated the function of circRNAs in Japanese flounder muscle development,,which is also helpful to understand the growth and development of other fish species.
基金supported by the foundation of SFLEP National University Foreign Language Teaching Research Project(No.2019SH0039B)the Ministry of Education Industry-Academy Cooperation Collaborative Education Project(No.2408212240).
文摘In the contemporary context of increasingly severe global ecological crises,literary works have gradually emerged as essential media through which humanity reflects on the relationship between the natural environment and human civilization.Within this trend,Japanese science fiction has produced a growing body of works that engage with ecological issues.Taking the Japanese science fiction novel The Palace of the Flower Dragons as a case study,this paper employs the theoretical framework of ecocriticism to examine the text across three dimensions-natural,social,and spiritual ecology.It investigates how the novel uses apocalyptic narrative strategies to explore the human-nature relationship and to articulate an ecological ethic of coexistence grounded in a non-anthropocentric worldview,thereby offering meaningful literary reference points for addressing real-world environmental crises.
基金funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary (OTKA K139021 to AZL and LC)A Stipendium Hungaricum Scholarship and dissertation scholarship from Tempus Public Foundation
文摘Under natural conditions, organisms regularly experience seasonal or unpredictable fluctuations in their diet that may shape the quantity and quality of their reproduction. While these dietary shifts are known to influence overall reproductive output, their specific effects on the proportional composition of egg components remain unexplored. To partially simulate the natural conditions, we conducted two trials using adult Japanese Quails (Coturnix japonica) to examine how dietary restriction and unpredictable feeding influence the proportional composition of egg components. In the first trial, quails were assigned to one of four treatments: full-fed (control) or restricted feeding at 20% (DR20), 30% (DR30), and 40% (DR40) below daily intake. In the second trial, quails were assigned to one of three treatments: full feeding (control), constant 40% restriction (DR40), or unpredictable feeding schedule (UNPR). Each trial lasted for 14 days, and birds were housed individually. Severe dietary restrictions (DR30, DR40) reduced albumen and shell mass, shell thickness, and egg volume. However, yolk mass, yolk color, egg shape index, and shell density remained unaffected across all dietary levels. Severe restrictions also increased the yolk ratio while reducing the albumen ratio, suggesting that birds may evolutionarily prioritize yolk deposition to sustain reproductive functions. However, reduced albumen content due to maternal nutritional stress may also limit essential nutrients, and disrupt the embryo's osmoregulation, which ultimately affects offspring quality. Reduced shell contents at the severe restriction levels can affect the egg's ability to provide physical protection, regulate gas exchange and control water loss, thereby influencing embryonic development. In contrast, moderate restriction (DR20) and unpredictable feeding (UNPR) had no effect on any of the egg traits. These findings suggest that quails strategically allocate resources among egg components under dietary constraints, indicating potential trade-offs in reproductive investment. The resilience observed under moderate restriction and unpredictability underscores the species' adaptive capacity in fluctuating environments.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271560 to H.W.,32001094 to J.Y.)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(No.20230101160JC to L.J.)+1 种基金the Open Project of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands,Hainan Normal University,China(No.HNSF-OP-202301 to J.Y.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2412022ZD019 to J.Y.)。
文摘Predator dummies are usually used to explore the impact of predator features on the anti-predator behavior of birds.Previous studies have shown that the morphology and behavior of aerial predators can signal different threat levels to birds.However,whether subtle changes in ground predator dummies cause changes in the nest defense behavior of parent birds is unclear.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether Japanese Tits(Parus minor)exhibit different nest defense behaviors in response to experimentally manipulated variations in the appearance,posture,and size of virtual snake proxies(common nest predators).During the incubation period,we observed the nest defense behaviors of the parent tits against taxidermized Siberian Ratsnakes(Elaphe schrenckii)with varied characteristics and rubber-made model snakes.The tits exhibited more intense responses to taxidermized large(body length about 120 cm)coiled ratsnakes than to large coiled model snakes.They exhibited weaker responses to taxidermized small(body length about 20 cm)coiled ratsnakes than to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes.In addition,they exhibited more intense responses to taxidermized large coiled ratsnakes than to taxidermized small coiled ratsnakes,and more intense responses to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes than to large model snakes.However,there was no difference in the response of tits to taxidermized small sinusoidal ratsnakes and taxidermized large coiled ratsnakes,or to taxidermized small coiled ratsnakes and model snakes.Thus,the presence of scales,a sinusoidal posture,and a large body size of snake dummies can induce more intense behavioral responses in Japanese Tits.We suggested that Japanese Tits can discriminate subtle differences in ground predator dummies of nests and exhibit different nest defense behaviors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172266to P.G.W.)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7232002 to N.G.).
文摘The Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)causes Japanese encephalitis(JE),a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications.With the widespread adoption of vaccination in children,the incidence among older individuals has increased substantially.Despite this epidemiological shift,research on JEV infection in the elderly remains limited.We established JEV infection models using both aged and young mice to explore age-related differences in pathology and underlying mechanisms.Brain tissue samples were analyzed for pathological changes and viral tropism in major cell types.To further characterize immune response variations,we conducted transcriptomic sequencing on the brain tissues following JEV infection.Aged mice exhibited lower mortality,delayed disease progression,and milder brain pathology compared to young mice after JEV infection.Viral titers and infection rates of major brain cell types were similar in both groups.Transcriptomic analysis revealed diminished immune activation and weaker inflammatory responses in aged mice.Additionally,microglial activation and CD8^(+) T cell function were significantly reduced.Interestingly,JEV infection induced the selective recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice.These B cells may modulate the effects of CD8^(+) T cells in the disease process.Compared to young mice,aged mice showed enhanced resistance to JEV progression and reduced brain pathology.This resistance was associated with a weakened immune response in the aged brain,rather than differences in viral infection.The specific recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice may play a crucial role in limiting disease progression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China granted:72131011Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Project granted:22YJA790011.
文摘This paper proposes a new predictor by calculating the difference between the Japanese candlestick’s upper and lower shadows(ULD)constructed from CBOE volatility index(VIX)data.ULD is a powerful predictor for future stock returns,and higher ULD leads to the subsequent decline of stock returns.Our results show that our new predictor generates R^2 values of up to 2.531%and 3.988%in-sample and out-of-sample,respectively;these values are much larger than the previous fundamental predictors.Moreover,the predictive information contained in ULD can help mean–variance investors achieve certainty equivalent return gains of as high as 327.1 basis points.Finally,the extension analysis and robustness tests indicate that recession is the primary cause of return predictability;our results are robust under different settings.
文摘This paper examines the Chinese terminology in 2024 Government Work Report and conducts a comparative analysis of its translation into English and Japanese.The study explores the challenges and strategies involved in translating these terms,taking into account differences in vocabulary,grammatical structure,and cultural context between the two languages.The findings reveal that the same term may be translated differently into English and Japanese due to the distinct linguistic and cultural characteristics of each language.The research emphasizes that understanding and respecting the unique features of each language and culture are essential for accurately conveying the meaning of Chinese terms.This is crucial for enhancing the international influence of Chinese discourse and promoting cross-cultural communication.
基金This work was supported by Northeast Forestry University fund Program from Science and Technology Department of Heilongjiang Province (LC05C14)
文摘The scalar of Japanese yew （Taxus cuspidata） population and the relationship between individual distribution and site factors were analyzed according to investigating data in 74 sample belts with a total sampled area of 436.872 hm2 in Muling Nature Reserve. The result showed that the distribution rules of Japanese yew population were correlated to elevation, slope position, slope aspect and slope gradient. The optimal distribution range in elevation for the natural Japanese yew population is at the attitudes of 700-800 m. The amounts of Japanese yew individuals on shady slope were more than those on sunny slope. On top slope and mid-slope, the individual amounts of Japanese yew are more than those on toe slope. Most of Japanese yew individuals occurred on slope gradient of less than 15. The scalar of the population was decreased with the slope gradient increasing.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31100987)Project of Shandong University of Technology(4040-306018)Young Teacher Development Plan of Shandong University of Technology~~
文摘[Objective] We aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of compound of traditional Chinese drugs （Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root） on acute alcohol intoxication in mice. [Method] Acute alcohol intoxication was induced by administering alcohol to mice. Three different doses （low, middle and high） of compound of traditional Chinese drugs were administered to mice before and after administering alcohol respectively to investigate the preventive and therapeutical effect of drugs on acute alcohol intox-ication through doing statistical analysis about drunk mice and their sleeping time. The concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and triglyc-erides （TG） in liver was also determined to investigate the protective effect of drugs on liver. [Result] The efficacy of compound of traditional Chinese drugs on acute al-cohol intoxication was dose-dependent. High-dose administration decreased the number of drunk mice significantly compared with control group; middle- and high-dose administration reduced the sleeping time of drunk mice and the concentration of MDA and TG in liver tissue; three doses al increased the concentration of GSH. [Conclusion] The compound of Japanese raisintree fruit, lobed kudzuvine flower bud and lightyel ow sophora root had preventive and therapeutical effect on hangover, and it also had certain preventive and therapeutical effect on liver damage caused by alcohol.
文摘The paper analyzed the design concept and design method of Yoji Sasaki and appreciated his representative works,aiming to provide reference and enlightenment for inheritance and development of Chinese classical gardens.
