The cooperative output regulation problem has been studied by two approaches:the distributed observer(DO)approach and the distributed internal model(DIM)approach,respectively.Each of these two approaches has its own m...The cooperative output regulation problem has been studied by two approaches:the distributed observer(DO)approach and the distributed internal model(DIM)approach,respectively.Each of these two approaches has its own merits and weaknesses.Recently,we presented an overview on the cooperative output regulation problem by the DO approach.This paper further surveys the cooperative output regulation problem by the DIM approach.We first summarize the constructions and the roles of two different versions of the internal models:the distributed p-copy internal model and the distributed canonical internal model.Then,we describe an integrated framework that combines the DO approach and the DIM approach.Extensions and variants of the DIM and their applications will also be highlighted.展开更多
AIM:Normalizing the results of real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)is essential for the accuracy of analysis.Commonly used approaches include input nucleic acid standardizat...AIM:Normalizing the results of real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)is essential for the accuracy of analysis.Commonly used approaches include input nucleic acid standardization(ΔCt method),normalization against a single internal reference gene(ΔΔCt method),and geometric averaging of multiple reference gene abundance using statistical software.We evaluated these approaches in the liver of db/db mice,a typical model of fatty liver disease.METHODS:Seven reference genes,β-actin(ACTB),eukaryotic initiation factor(e IF)5,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),hydroxymethylbilane synthase(HMBS),hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT)1,polymerase(RNA)II(DNA directed)polypeptide A(Polr2A)and ribosomal protein P〈0(RPLP〈0),were evaluated using software of ge Norm and Norm Finder.Hepatic lipogenesis genes,such as thyroid hormone-responsive protein(Thrsp),stearoyl-Co A desaturase(SCD)1,sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP)1c and fatty acid synthase(FAS),were used as target genes of interest.RESULTS:The expression levels of all target genes and GAPDH were significantly elevated(P〈0.05)in db/db mouse livers by theΔCt method.ACTB and HMBS were the most stable genes calculated by the software of ge Norm.Norm Finder analysis indicated that ACTB was the most stable gene,and the best combination of 2 genes was GAPDH and RPLP〈0.Normalization against a single internal reference gene of ACTB or RPLP〈0,the geometric mean of ACTB and HMBS,or GAPDH and RPLP〈0 showed similar results that the expression levels of Thrsp,SCD1 and FAS,but not SREBP1 c increased(P〈0.05)in the liver of db/db mice.CONCLUSION:TheΔCt approach ensures a meaningful and biologically significant appraisal of gene expression.Use of the software like ge Norm or Norm Finder should be integrated withΔCt method.展开更多
The quality system of any modern pharmaceutical company is the pharmaceutical quality system(PQS),which extends the GMP standards to all stages of the medicinal productslife cycle,from pharmaceutical development to it...The quality system of any modern pharmaceutical company is the pharmaceutical quality system(PQS),which extends the GMP standards to all stages of the medicinal productslife cycle,from pharmaceutical development to its withdrawal from production.The principal difference between PQS and GxP rules from other quality systems is that the medicinal product,its safety and efficacy is put at the forefront.At the same time,PQS implies a process approach to all components that should be aimed at achieving the main goal—ensuring and guaranteeing the quality of the medicinal product for the end user(patient)—and should be based on the quality risk management system.An integral part of PQS,as well as the GxP rules adopted in the European Union and PIC/S,is a process for self-inspections and/or quality audits,which regularly appraises the effectiveness and applicability of the PQS.This publication is dedicated to the definition of self-inspections(internal audits)as one of the PQS’s processes.The article defines the main standard stages and develops a model of a risk-based approach to the self-inspections’planning in relation to processes of the pharmaceutical quality system.展开更多
Objective: to study and analyze the clinical value of posterolateral anterior spinal canal decompression combined with injured vertebral internal fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods: for...Objective: to study and analyze the clinical value of posterolateral anterior spinal canal decompression combined with injured vertebral internal fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods: forty patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to December 2020 were randomly divided into study group and control group with 20 cases in each group. The control group was treated with short-segment minimally invasive internal fixation combined with injured vertebral bone graft, and the study group was treated with posterior approach anterior spinal canal decompression combined with injured vertebral internal fixation. The perioperative conditions, postoperative vertebral height, endplate angle and bony fusion of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results: the operation time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group, and the amount of hemorrhage was less than that of the control group. At the stage of 12 months after operation, the height of the vertebral body in the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the endplate angle was smaller than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the osseous fusion between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: posterior anterolateral spinal canal decompression combined with internal fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures has less intraoperative bleeding, which can reduce the risk of vertebral height loss and vertebral deformity on the basis of ensuring the effect of bony fusion.展开更多
Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)syste...Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)system(Suzhou KangDuo Robot Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou,China)and discuss its surgical technique.Methods A 44-year-old male patient was admitted with a 2.5 cm tumor on dorsolateral upper pole of the left kidney.The R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry score of this patient was 4x.This patient underwent rRAPN with KD-SR-01.The perinephric fat between the tumor and Gerota's fascia was preserved,which was used for internal suspension traction during tumor resection.Postoperative follow-up data were collected.Results The surgery was successfully carried out with a duration of 127 min,in which the docking time was 6 min 25 s and console time was 60 min.The warm ischemia time was 19 min 53 s,and the estimated blood loss was 0 mL.The pathological histology showed a pathological tumor stage 1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma,with a negative surgical margin.The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology(WHO/ISUP)grade of this patient was Grade 2.No recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion Internal suspension in rRAPN is feasible and effective with use of the new robotic system KD-SR-01.展开更多
With the acceleration of the process of globalization and the more important role China is playing on international stage,both our economic systems and our notions of right and system of law should and had to be impro...With the acceleration of the process of globalization and the more important role China is playing on international stage,both our economic systems and our notions of right and system of law should and had to be improved to attune to new conditions.In this process,many laws and customs including international treaties need to be translated from English to Chinese to make it convenient for scholars,researchers and legal workers and practitioners in law to study and practice.However,theoretical research on legal translation,especially from the perspective of standards of the translation of treaties,still lags behind.展开更多
Production-Oriented Approach(POA)is a new concept of foreign language teaching proposed by Professor Wen Qiufang of Bejing Foreign Studies University.Initially designed for teaching foreign languages in lower grades i...Production-Oriented Approach(POA)is a new concept of foreign language teaching proposed by Professor Wen Qiufang of Bejing Foreign Studies University.Initially designed for teaching foreign languages in lower grades in domestic universities,its application has now been gradually expanded to more subjects and has been repeatedly proven to be effective after active experiments by some university teachers.In this paper,the author attempts to apply the production-oriented method to the teaching of intemational business contracts,and take one of the units as an example to demonstrate the teaching design and teaching process.展开更多
This study intends to identify the value and pitfalls of international and comparative approach for the policy and practice of teacher education.The structure of this article proceeds as follows:the first section focu...This study intends to identify the value and pitfalls of international and comparative approach for the policy and practice of teacher education.The structure of this article proceeds as follows:the first section focuses on explaining the meaning and the values of international and comparative approach;based on previous discussions,the second section makes a more in-depth analysis of the values of international and comparative approach to teacher education from five key themes;the final section of this article proposes and interprets the drawbacks of international and comparative approach in teacher education.展开更多
[Objective]This study was designed to describe the fracture patterns and early results of operations of posterior Pilon fractures through a posterolateral approach.[Method]This study consisted of 14 cases,10 males and...[Objective]This study was designed to describe the fracture patterns and early results of operations of posterior Pilon fractures through a posterolateral approach.[Method]This study consisted of 14 cases,10 males and 4 females with the mean age of 47 years(range,28-63 years).The causes were traffic accident in 2,falling in 6 and sprain injuries in 6 cases.The duration from injury to operation was 7-14 days.Including 12 cases combined with distal fibula fracture and3 cases with medial malleolus fracture.There were 3 posterior dislocation fracture.All cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF).[Result]A consistent fracture pattern was identified with a primary,inferiorly posterior Pilon fracture that likely occur through a combined rotational and axial load mechanism.The average duration of follow-up was 26(range,24-37)months.The postoperation average of American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society score(AOFAS)was 92points which was much higher than before operation.Anatomical reduction were obtained in all cases.Two complications(1wound superficial infection and 1 sural cutaneous nerve injury)were all managed nonoperatively.[Conclusion]Posterior Pilon fractures form a consistent pattern.They can be successfully managed through a posterolateral approach with direct reduction and buttress fixation of articular fragments.展开更多
本研究基于Web of Science 数据库,运用文本挖掘法,考察了2001—2024年SSCI来源期刊发表的725篇商务英语研究论文中的热点话题、发展脉络、代表性理论和研究方法,梳理了国外商务英语的研究进展。研究发现,国外商务英语研究主要聚焦五大...本研究基于Web of Science 数据库,运用文本挖掘法,考察了2001—2024年SSCI来源期刊发表的725篇商务英语研究论文中的热点话题、发展脉络、代表性理论和研究方法,梳理了国外商务英语的研究进展。研究发现,国外商务英语研究主要聚焦五大主题,即商务英语教学、企业对外话语、企业内部沟通、世界通用语和商务话语语言特征与计量分析;发展脉络呈现五波发展浪潮,包括商务语境中的话语策略(2001—2005)、跨文化商务交流与基于需求的教学(2006—2010)、世界通用语与企业话语治理(2011—2015)、跨国公司话语与专业化教学(2016—2020)、数字语境与数据驱动下的商务话语与教学(2021—2024)。代表性理论包括跨文化商务交际、互文性与体裁分析和修辞学理论。在研究方法上,以实证研究方法为主,非实证研究方法多为观点总结和理论建构。希望本研究有助于厘清国际商务英语研究脉络,并对国内相关研究及教学具有一定启示作用。展开更多
Externalized approach and Internalized approach are two approaches to the study of languages. Understanding the features of two approaches is indispensable to discuss and analyze the acquisition of second language. An...Externalized approach and Internalized approach are two approaches to the study of languages. Understanding the features of two approaches is indispensable to discuss and analyze the acquisition of second language. And universal grammar which is closely related to the two approaches plays an important role in the acquisition of second language. Three accesses to universal grammar in L2 learning are explicitly described to state the second language is acquired.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62173092,62173149)the Hong Kong Region Research Grants Council(No.14201621).
文摘The cooperative output regulation problem has been studied by two approaches:the distributed observer(DO)approach and the distributed internal model(DIM)approach,respectively.Each of these two approaches has its own merits and weaknesses.Recently,we presented an overview on the cooperative output regulation problem by the DO approach.This paper further surveys the cooperative output regulation problem by the DIM approach.We first summarize the constructions and the roles of two different versions of the internal models:the distributed p-copy internal model and the distributed canonical internal model.Then,we describe an integrated framework that combines the DO approach and the DIM approach.Extensions and variants of the DIM and their applications will also be highlighted.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370477No.81370918)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Outstanding Youth Fund of Hebei College(No.Y2011117)Undergraduate Innovation Project(No.201410081061No.X2014026)
文摘AIM:Normalizing the results of real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR)is essential for the accuracy of analysis.Commonly used approaches include input nucleic acid standardization(ΔCt method),normalization against a single internal reference gene(ΔΔCt method),and geometric averaging of multiple reference gene abundance using statistical software.We evaluated these approaches in the liver of db/db mice,a typical model of fatty liver disease.METHODS:Seven reference genes,β-actin(ACTB),eukaryotic initiation factor(e IF)5,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),hydroxymethylbilane synthase(HMBS),hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT)1,polymerase(RNA)II(DNA directed)polypeptide A(Polr2A)and ribosomal protein P〈0(RPLP〈0),were evaluated using software of ge Norm and Norm Finder.Hepatic lipogenesis genes,such as thyroid hormone-responsive protein(Thrsp),stearoyl-Co A desaturase(SCD)1,sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP)1c and fatty acid synthase(FAS),were used as target genes of interest.RESULTS:The expression levels of all target genes and GAPDH were significantly elevated(P〈0.05)in db/db mouse livers by theΔCt method.ACTB and HMBS were the most stable genes calculated by the software of ge Norm.Norm Finder analysis indicated that ACTB was the most stable gene,and the best combination of 2 genes was GAPDH and RPLP〈0.Normalization against a single internal reference gene of ACTB or RPLP〈0,the geometric mean of ACTB and HMBS,or GAPDH and RPLP〈0 showed similar results that the expression levels of Thrsp,SCD1 and FAS,but not SREBP1 c increased(P〈0.05)in the liver of db/db mice.CONCLUSION:TheΔCt approach ensures a meaningful and biologically significant appraisal of gene expression.Use of the software like ge Norm or Norm Finder should be integrated withΔCt method.
文摘The quality system of any modern pharmaceutical company is the pharmaceutical quality system(PQS),which extends the GMP standards to all stages of the medicinal productslife cycle,from pharmaceutical development to its withdrawal from production.The principal difference between PQS and GxP rules from other quality systems is that the medicinal product,its safety and efficacy is put at the forefront.At the same time,PQS implies a process approach to all components that should be aimed at achieving the main goal—ensuring and guaranteeing the quality of the medicinal product for the end user(patient)—and should be based on the quality risk management system.An integral part of PQS,as well as the GxP rules adopted in the European Union and PIC/S,is a process for self-inspections and/or quality audits,which regularly appraises the effectiveness and applicability of the PQS.This publication is dedicated to the definition of self-inspections(internal audits)as one of the PQS’s processes.The article defines the main standard stages and develops a model of a risk-based approach to the self-inspections’planning in relation to processes of the pharmaceutical quality system.
文摘Objective: to study and analyze the clinical value of posterolateral anterior spinal canal decompression combined with injured vertebral internal fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture. Methods: forty patients with thoracolumbar burst fractures admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to December 2020 were randomly divided into study group and control group with 20 cases in each group. The control group was treated with short-segment minimally invasive internal fixation combined with injured vertebral bone graft, and the study group was treated with posterior approach anterior spinal canal decompression combined with injured vertebral internal fixation. The perioperative conditions, postoperative vertebral height, endplate angle and bony fusion of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results: the operation time of the study group was shorter than that of the control group, and the amount of hemorrhage was less than that of the control group. At the stage of 12 months after operation, the height of the vertebral body in the study group was higher than that of the control group, and the endplate angle was smaller than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the osseous fusion between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: posterior anterolateral spinal canal decompression combined with internal fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures has less intraoperative bleeding, which can reduce the risk of vertebral height loss and vertebral deformity on the basis of ensuring the effect of bony fusion.
文摘Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)system(Suzhou KangDuo Robot Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou,China)and discuss its surgical technique.Methods A 44-year-old male patient was admitted with a 2.5 cm tumor on dorsolateral upper pole of the left kidney.The R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry score of this patient was 4x.This patient underwent rRAPN with KD-SR-01.The perinephric fat between the tumor and Gerota's fascia was preserved,which was used for internal suspension traction during tumor resection.Postoperative follow-up data were collected.Results The surgery was successfully carried out with a duration of 127 min,in which the docking time was 6 min 25 s and console time was 60 min.The warm ischemia time was 19 min 53 s,and the estimated blood loss was 0 mL.The pathological histology showed a pathological tumor stage 1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma,with a negative surgical margin.The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology(WHO/ISUP)grade of this patient was Grade 2.No recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion Internal suspension in rRAPN is feasible and effective with use of the new robotic system KD-SR-01.
文摘With the acceleration of the process of globalization and the more important role China is playing on international stage,both our economic systems and our notions of right and system of law should and had to be improved to attune to new conditions.In this process,many laws and customs including international treaties need to be translated from English to Chinese to make it convenient for scholars,researchers and legal workers and practitioners in law to study and practice.However,theoretical research on legal translation,especially from the perspective of standards of the translation of treaties,still lags behind.
文摘Production-Oriented Approach(POA)is a new concept of foreign language teaching proposed by Professor Wen Qiufang of Bejing Foreign Studies University.Initially designed for teaching foreign languages in lower grades in domestic universities,its application has now been gradually expanded to more subjects and has been repeatedly proven to be effective after active experiments by some university teachers.In this paper,the author attempts to apply the production-oriented method to the teaching of intemational business contracts,and take one of the units as an example to demonstrate the teaching design and teaching process.
文摘This study intends to identify the value and pitfalls of international and comparative approach for the policy and practice of teacher education.The structure of this article proceeds as follows:the first section focuses on explaining the meaning and the values of international and comparative approach;based on previous discussions,the second section makes a more in-depth analysis of the values of international and comparative approach to teacher education from five key themes;the final section of this article proposes and interprets the drawbacks of international and comparative approach in teacher education.
文摘[Objective]This study was designed to describe the fracture patterns and early results of operations of posterior Pilon fractures through a posterolateral approach.[Method]This study consisted of 14 cases,10 males and 4 females with the mean age of 47 years(range,28-63 years).The causes were traffic accident in 2,falling in 6 and sprain injuries in 6 cases.The duration from injury to operation was 7-14 days.Including 12 cases combined with distal fibula fracture and3 cases with medial malleolus fracture.There were 3 posterior dislocation fracture.All cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation(ORIF).[Result]A consistent fracture pattern was identified with a primary,inferiorly posterior Pilon fracture that likely occur through a combined rotational and axial load mechanism.The average duration of follow-up was 26(range,24-37)months.The postoperation average of American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society score(AOFAS)was 92points which was much higher than before operation.Anatomical reduction were obtained in all cases.Two complications(1wound superficial infection and 1 sural cutaneous nerve injury)were all managed nonoperatively.[Conclusion]Posterior Pilon fractures form a consistent pattern.They can be successfully managed through a posterolateral approach with direct reduction and buttress fixation of articular fragments.
文摘本研究基于Web of Science 数据库,运用文本挖掘法,考察了2001—2024年SSCI来源期刊发表的725篇商务英语研究论文中的热点话题、发展脉络、代表性理论和研究方法,梳理了国外商务英语的研究进展。研究发现,国外商务英语研究主要聚焦五大主题,即商务英语教学、企业对外话语、企业内部沟通、世界通用语和商务话语语言特征与计量分析;发展脉络呈现五波发展浪潮,包括商务语境中的话语策略(2001—2005)、跨文化商务交流与基于需求的教学(2006—2010)、世界通用语与企业话语治理(2011—2015)、跨国公司话语与专业化教学(2016—2020)、数字语境与数据驱动下的商务话语与教学(2021—2024)。代表性理论包括跨文化商务交际、互文性与体裁分析和修辞学理论。在研究方法上,以实证研究方法为主,非实证研究方法多为观点总结和理论建构。希望本研究有助于厘清国际商务英语研究脉络,并对国内相关研究及教学具有一定启示作用。
文摘Externalized approach and Internalized approach are two approaches to the study of languages. Understanding the features of two approaches is indispensable to discuss and analyze the acquisition of second language. And universal grammar which is closely related to the two approaches plays an important role in the acquisition of second language. Three accesses to universal grammar in L2 learning are explicitly described to state the second language is acquired.
