In this article,we comment on the work put forth by Wu et al regarding the investigation of oesophageal cancer-specific mortality for a cohort of patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.We specifically focu...In this article,we comment on the work put forth by Wu et al regarding the investigation of oesophageal cancer-specific mortality for a cohort of patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.We specifically focused on the implications of public health plans such as Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI)and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance as well as out-of-pocket ratios on patient treatment plans regarding whether they pursue surgical interventions or therapeutic treatments such as chemotherapy.While Wu et al put forth potential explanations for why patients with the UEBMI plan surprisingly had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death,more analysis is needed to alleviate cancer burden within this group.Although it is likely that patients covered by Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance and higher out-ofpocket ratios have stronger self-recovery awareness,more work must be done to improve outcomes for people with the UEBMI plan while simultaneously implementing international and domestic initiatives to better emphasize cancer prevention and early detection.Lastly,future research must explore the relationship between Serious Illness Medical Insurance as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical System on the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients in rural China,where disease burden is significantly higher than urban areas.By unifying these public health insurance schemes,officials can significantly alleviate economic burden of treatment and better prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic,as a global public health crisis,has had profound and lasting effects on the world economy and social operating models,fundamentally changing individuals',enterprises',and governments'...The COVID-19 pandemic,as a global public health crisis,has had profound and lasting effects on the world economy and social operating models,fundamentally changing individuals',enterprises',and governments'perceptions of risk and risk management paradigms.The Chinese insurance industry has experienced short-term pain due to the impact of the pandemic,but in the long term,the pandemic has served as a"catalyst"and"accelerator"for the industry's development,greatly enhancing societal awareness of risk protection and,with unprecedented strength,promoting the industry's digital revolution and supply-side structural reform.This article aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the macro environment,technological background,and demand changes faced by the Chinese insurance industry in the post-pandemic era,and to deeply explore the historical opportunities inherent in key areas such as health insurance,pension insurance,digital transformation,and green insurance.Additionally,this article will objectively examine the severe challenges the industry faces in the sustainability of profit models,structural mismatches in supply and demand,rebuilding trust systems,new risk management,and regulatory adaptation.Lastly,based on the above analysis,this article will propose strategic pathways and policy recommendations from three levels:national policy,industry regulation,and corporate strategy to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese insurance industry,better serving the needs of national governance modernization and the well-being of the people.展开更多
As a city-customized supplementary medical insurance bridging basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance,Huimin Insurance has expanded to 30 provinces and served 168 million people within four years,emerg...As a city-customized supplementary medical insurance bridging basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance,Huimin Insurance has expanded to 30 provinces and served 168 million people within four years,emerging as a phenomenal success in China's inclusive insurance landscape.This paper examines its evolution,operational mechanisms,and effectiveness,identifying core challenges including declining participation and renewal rates,adverse selection,uneven benefit compensation,and insufficient information disclosure.It proposes sustainable development pathways across five dimensions:government role,financing and payment,product stratification,service value-added,and technology empowerment.The study demonstrates that the future of Huimin Insurance will likely evolve towards a model characterized by provincial-level co-ordination,stratified benefit design,dynamic pricing,and integrated health management.Its success or failure will ultimately determine the integration depth of China's multi-tiered medical security system and significantly impact the realization of common prosperity goals.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's insurance market,the high-quality development of the insurance market is faced with many different challenges and various problems.This paper aims to deeply analyze the actual...With the rapid development of China's insurance market,the high-quality development of the insurance market is faced with many different challenges and various problems.This paper aims to deeply analyze the actual problems in China's insurance market and put forward supporting countermeasures.First,by understanding the background of highquality insurance development,we can explain the research significance of this paper in combination with the existing national policies.Secondly,by summarizing the current situation of high-quality insurance development,the paper puts forward the shortage of insurance talents in the expansion of insurance scale,the continuous improvement of insurance density and depth,and the growth of insurance compensation in the development of high-quality insurance.Finally,from the perspective of differentiated customized insurance products,training professionals,and providing financial subsidies,we will put forward the corresponding suggestions for the problem and look forward to the future development prospects.展开更多
Marxist and social science methodologies provide scientific conceptual tools and analytical perspectives for research across various disciplines.Among these,the methodology of quantitative and qualitative changes reve...Marxist and social science methodologies provide scientific conceptual tools and analytical perspectives for research across various disciplines.Among these,the methodology of quantitative and qualitative changes reveals the fundamental laws governing the development of things,offering significant guidance for exploring the relationship between Huimin Insurance and basic medical insurance,and for promoting the sustainable development of the medical security system.Based on this methodology and the practical context of the medical security field,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of Huimin Insurance on the sustainable development of basic medical insurance.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research...The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research results on flexible employment personnel and analyzing and interpreting the urban-rural residents'pension insurance policy of Zhuhai,we take the flexible employment personnel of Zhuhai City as the object of the study,combined with questionnaire survey method,and analyze the difficulties of the flexible employment personnel's participation in the insurance by analyzing the collected data,and find out that Zhuhai's flexibly employed people have cognitive bias towards urban and rural residents'pension insurance,the government's business personnel have a vague understanding of the insurance,and some of the flexibly employed people think that the subsidy is low,etc.The government of Zhuhai City has provided the suggestions of expanding the scope of the publicity of the urban and rural residents'pension insurance,increasing publicity efforts,and providing regular training for the counterpart service personnel in order to increase the rate of the flexibly employed people's participation in the insurance,and improve the inherent bad impression of the insurance by the flexibly employed people.personnel's inherent bad impression of insurance,and further improve China's insurance system.展开更多
China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integra...China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.展开更多
The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been p...The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.展开更多
This article investigates the development process and current status of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing.Based on recent data-including premium income,compensation amounts,the number of insured househo...This article investigates the development process and current status of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing.Based on recent data-including premium income,compensation amounts,the number of insured households,and insurance penetration,the article analyzes the primary challenges faced in the system's operation and proposes recommendations from two dimensions:institutional optimization and practical interventions.These recommendations include establishing a differentiated participation incentive mechanism,optimizing the composition of insurance products,enhancing risk diversification and reinsurance systems,creating an agricultural disaster risk reserve fund,developing a dynamic fiscal subsidy distribution mechanism based on risk and performance,improving information-sharing platforms,strengthening the rural grassroots power grid infrastructure,and accelerating the adoption of modern technologies in underwriting and claims settlement processes.The findings suggest that the coordinated advancement of institutional optimization and technological empowerment can substantially enhance the inclusiveness,sustainability,and operational efficiency of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing,thereby providing substantial support for agricultural modernization and the Rural Revitalization Strategy.展开更多
Cancer patients in China navigate a complex and uneven insurance landscape,making plan choice critical for equitable financial protection.This study conducts a structured narrative review(2010-2025)of the Web of Scien...Cancer patients in China navigate a complex and uneven insurance landscape,making plan choice critical for equitable financial protection.This study conducts a structured narrative review(2010-2025)of the Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,and Wanfang databases,focusing on empirical research on insurance plan choice,enrollment,or switching among cancer patients and their households in China.Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted information on key determinants and identification strategies.The evidence converges on five main determinants:insurance literacy,health knowledge,prior coverage,financial capability,and policy promotion intensity(PPI).However,most studies are cross-sectional and descriptive,with inconsistent operationalization of determinants,weak or absent mediation tests for PPI,and limited coverage of rural,elderly,and low-literacy populations.Building on these gaps,we synthesize an evidence map,propose an operational PPI index,and highlight quasi-experimental opportunities(such as staggered NRDL updates and variation in local publicity efforts)to identify mechanisms and inform more inclusive,patient-centered insurance design in China.展开更多
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is a significant health concern worldwide,with high inci-dence and mortality rates.In China,the disease burden is particularly high,accounting for a substantial proportion of oesophageal ...BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is a significant health concern worldwide,with high inci-dence and mortality rates.In China,the disease burden is particularly high,accounting for a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer cases and related deaths worldwide.AIM To explore the relationship between the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients and insurance type,out-of-pocket ratio,and the joint effects of insurance type and out-of-pocket ratio.METHODS The χ^(2) test was used to analyze patients’demographic and clinical characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression,the Cox proportional hazard model,and the competitive risk model were used to calculate the cumulative hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause death and oesophageal cancer-specific death among patients with different types of insurance and out-of-pocket ratios.RESULTS Compared with patients covered by basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,patients covered by urban employee basic medical insurance for urban workers(UEBMI)had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death[HR=1.233,95%confidence interval(CI):1.093-1.391,P<0.005].Compared with patients in the low out-of-pocket ratio group,patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group had a 25.80%reduction in the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death(HR=0.742,95%CI:0.6555-0.84,P<0.005).With each 10%increase in the out-of-pocket ratio,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death decreased by 10.10%in patients covered by UEBMI.However,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death increased by 26.90%in patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group.CONCLUSION This study reveals the relationships of the specific mortality rate of patients with oesophageal cancer with the out-of-pocket ratio and medical insurance types as well as their combined effects.This study provides practical suggestions and guidance for the formulation of relevant policies in this area.展开更多
The article by Wu et al highlights the growing incidence of esophageal tumor patients,particularly in China,where the high frequency and death rate are significant problems.The article also examined the impact of heal...The article by Wu et al highlights the growing incidence of esophageal tumor patients,particularly in China,where the high frequency and death rate are significant problems.The article also examined the impact of health insurance on treatment availability and patient outcomes,demonstrating that the type of insurance can affect the financial burden on patients.This study investigates the effects of different types of health care coverage,namely Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance vs Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance,and the personal spending ratio on treatment decisions and survival outcomes.The database used is derived from esophageal tumor patient continuation from Chongqing University Hospital in China.A total of 2543 patients were included in the study,allowing for the formation of research cohorts.Patient information included demographic characteristics.The study followed various processes to maintain consistency,including data sources,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,health insurance,and statistical analysis.The average age at diagnosis ranged from 57-74 years,and predominantly included men,married people,and those of Han ethnic background,comprising 2088 and 2519 individuals,respectively.Upon controlling for age,sex,relationship status,country of origin,pathological evaluation,tumor stage,and biochemical indicators,individuals who had Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance exhibited a higher propensity to opt for radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy compared to those covered by the Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.During the follow-up phase of the study,a total of 1438 deaths were documented,with 1106 ascribed to esophageal cancer.Additionally,individuals with Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance had a significantly elevated risk of esophageal cancer,particularly mortality,compared to those without Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.展开更多
Cancers remain a major health burden with a high mortality rate in China.Basic medical insurance,is the most important element in the financial support system of healthcare resources in both urban and rural areas,and ...Cancers remain a major health burden with a high mortality rate in China.Basic medical insurance,is the most important element in the financial support system of healthcare resources in both urban and rural areas,and requires further understanding to improve health policy.For instance,a single hospital-based prospective cohort study found that esophageal cancer survival outcomes were associated with different healthcare payment patterns and situations.Comparing the extracted literature-data between urban employee basic medical insurance and urban and rural resident basic medical insurance,the proportions of tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage I-II were 27.1%and 34.6%,while those of TNM stage IV were 35.0%and 26.1%,respectively.Additionally,high out-of-pocket rate(>60%)of hospitalization was associated with a higher proportion of TNM stage I-II(40.3%vs 26.9%)and a lower proportion of TNM stage IV(22.7%vs 32.8%).In addition,healthcare payment simultaneously influenced or was influenced by the proportions of early and advanced esophageal cancers.The critical difficulty in improving survival of esophageal cancer in populations should be a low proportion of early disease.A more comprehensive and robust public healthcare insurance system is desired to support cancer prevention and control in particular,in order to increase the proportion of early cancers and consequently improve patient survival.Additionally,commercial medical insurance and social charities hope to be fully introduced and encouraged to achieve these goals as active supplement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Private insurance coverage is associated with higher rates of living donor kidney transplantation(LDKT)but whether this is attributable to confounding is not known.AIM To study the association between incre...BACKGROUND Private insurance coverage is associated with higher rates of living donor kidney transplantation(LDKT)but whether this is attributable to confounding is not known.AIM To study the association between increased access to private health insurance and LDKT.METHODS Retrospective cohort study using United States transplant registry data.We identified incident candidates aged 22-29 years who were waitlisted for a kidneyonly transplant from 2005-2014,excluding prior transplant recipients and those with missing data.We calculated the hazard of LDKT after waitlisting for those with private insurance vs other insurance pre-Affordable Care Act(ACA)vs post-ACA,using death and delisting as competing events,for candidates affected by the policy change(age 22-25 years)vs those who were not(age 26-29 years).RESULTS A total of 13817 candidates were included,of whom 46%were age 22-25 years and 54%were age 26-29 years.Among candidates aged 22-25 years at listing,those listed post-ACA were more likely to have private insurance compared to those listed pre-ACA(42%vs 35%),but there was no difference in private insurance coverage between eras among candidates aged 26-29 years at listing.In adjusted competing risk regression,privately insured patients age 22-25 years were less likely to receive a LDKT post-ACA compared to pre-ACA[hazard ratio(HR)=0.88,95%CI:0.78-1.00],as were those aged 22-25 years old with other insurance types(HR=0.80,95%CI:0.69-0.92).These associations were not seen among candidates age 26-29 years.CONCLUSION Candidates age 22-25 years were likelier to have private insurance post-ACA,without an increased rate in LDKT.Demonstrations of associations between insurance and LDKT are likely attributable to residual confounding.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a significant public health concern in South Korea even though the incidence rates are declining.While medical travel for cancer treatment is common,its patterns and inf...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a significant public health concern in South Korea even though the incidence rates are declining.While medical travel for cancer treatment is common,its patterns and influencing factors for patients with HCC are unknown.AIM To assess medical travel patterns and determinants and their policy implications among patients with newly diagnosed HCC in South Korea.METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the National Health Insurance Service database to identify patients with newly diagnosed HCC from 2013 to 2021.Medical travel was defined as receiving initial treatment outside one’s residential region.Patient characteristics and regional trends were analyzed,and factors influencing medical travel were identified using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among 64808 patients 52.4%received treatment in the capital.This proportion increased to 67.4%when including the surrounding metropolitan area.Medical travel was significantly more common among younger and wealthier patients.Patients with greater comorbidity burden or liver cirrhosis were less likely to travel.While geographic distance influenced travel patterns,high-volume academic centers in the capital attracted patients nationwide regardless of proximity.CONCLUSION This nationwide study highlighted the centralization of HCC care in the capital.This observation indicates that regional cancer hubs should be strengthened and promoted for equitable healthcare access.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the Healthy China strategy,the insurance behavior of young consumers presents new characteristics such as enhanced autonomy,a shift toward proactive risk management,stronger personalized demand...Against the backdrop of the Healthy China strategy,the insurance behavior of young consumers presents new characteristics such as enhanced autonomy,a shift toward proactive risk management,stronger personalized demands,and higher expectations for online experiences.In response to changes in young consumers'risk awareness and consumption philosophy,this paper analyzes influencing factors from four dimensions:economic income,risk perception,social environment,and internet penetration.It proposes that insurance companies should focus on digital innovation,precise product development,social platform marketing,and popularization of insurance education,to promote the transformation of young people’s insurance demand from passive risk transfer to proactive long-term planning,and to help the insurance industry and young groups achieve win-win development.展开更多
This study investigates the innovation pathways and product pricing strategies of commercial health insurance in the era of new technologies.Drawing upon recent developments in InsurTech—including artificial intellig...This study investigates the innovation pathways and product pricing strategies of commercial health insurance in the era of new technologies.Drawing upon recent developments in InsurTech—including artificial intelligence(AI),the Internet of Things(IoT),blockchain,and big data analytics—we analyze how these technologies reshape underwriting,risk management,and actuarial pricing models.The research employs a theoretical framework rooted in information economics and applies generalized linear models(GLMs)alongside machine learning approaches to demonstrate how technologydriven data sources,such as wearable devices and real-time health monitoring,enhance pricing precision and risk stratification.Empirical illustrations highlight global cases including wellness-linked insurance programs,telemedicine-integrated policies,blockchain-enabled claims,and China’s inclusive Huiminbao schemes.Findings suggest that new technologies improve efficiency,reduce information asymmetry,and foster product innovation,while simultaneously raising challenges of data privacy,algorithmic fairness,and market sustainability.The paper concludes that successful integration of advanced technologies into health insurance requires balancing actuarial accuracy with equity considerations,robust regulatory frameworks,and consumer trust.These insights contribute to the broader discourse on how digital transformation can strengthen health insurance systems and promote public health outcomes worldwide.展开更多
The implementation of the new revenue standard has a far-reaching impact on the accounting treatment of insurance enterprises,and the application of contract settlement accounts,as the key to connect business and fina...The implementation of the new revenue standard has a far-reaching impact on the accounting treatment of insurance enterprises,and the application of contract settlement accounts,as the key to connect business and financial accounting,needs to be standardized.This paper analyzes the core requirements of the new revenue standard,combines the special characteristics of insurance contracts with both service and financial attributes,and explains the logic of setting up and accounting methods of secondary accounts,such as insurance service income and investment component apportionment.In view of the practical pain points such as variable consideration apportionment and reclassification of inter-period contracts,the paper proposes strategies for system upgrading and internal control strengthening.The study shows that standardizing the application of accounts can help enterprises implement the requirements of the standard and improve the quality of financial information.展开更多
Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling c...Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling coordination degree model,this study empirically demonstrates that the development of agricultural insurance significantly promotes the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth once a certain threshold is exceeded.This effect is more pronounced in the major grain-producing regions and the central provinces.Expanding the scale of agricultural production and increasing investment in agricultural technology are the key mechanisms through which agricultural insurance supports the dual goals of green agriculture and income growth in China.In conclusion,this study proposes several policy recommendations,which include increasing investment in agricultural insurance infrastructure,strengthening the policy guidance for agricultural insurance,and designing differentiated agricultural insurance policies.展开更多
Driven by both market demand and policies,the drone insurance industry is facing new development opportunities.This study focuses on exploring an innovative hybrid data integration method,which uses public datasets of...Driven by both market demand and policies,the drone insurance industry is facing new development opportunities.This study focuses on exploring an innovative hybrid data integration method,which uses public datasets of drones and small manned aircraft for hybrid data integration and severity scaling,and conducts simulation tests to ensure the reproducibility of the method.A two-part hybrid model approach is adopted to separate the frequency model from the severity model,and a hierarchical modeling method is used for each part to deal with the occurrence of extreme losses.Monte Carlo simulation is performed on the fused data to calculate the net premium.Innovatively,a no-claim discount system is introduced,and the impact of operators'behaviors on claim frequency is quantified,with comprehensive consideration given to the inclusion and quantification of risk factors.The application of Tweedie GLM in total loss modeling is constructed and analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods are compared,aiming to provide more comprehensive decision-making basis for insurance companies.This report is intended to construct and evaluate a robust actuarial rate-making model for the rapidly developing drone insurance market,and to develop more accurate,fair and market-competitive drone insurance products.展开更多
文摘In this article,we comment on the work put forth by Wu et al regarding the investigation of oesophageal cancer-specific mortality for a cohort of patients from Chongqing University Cancer Hospital.We specifically focused on the implications of public health plans such as Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance(UEBMI)and Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance as well as out-of-pocket ratios on patient treatment plans regarding whether they pursue surgical interventions or therapeutic treatments such as chemotherapy.While Wu et al put forth potential explanations for why patients with the UEBMI plan surprisingly had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death,more analysis is needed to alleviate cancer burden within this group.Although it is likely that patients covered by Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance and higher out-ofpocket ratios have stronger self-recovery awareness,more work must be done to improve outcomes for people with the UEBMI plan while simultaneously implementing international and domestic initiatives to better emphasize cancer prevention and early detection.Lastly,future research must explore the relationship between Serious Illness Medical Insurance as well as the New Rural Cooperative Medical System on the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients in rural China,where disease burden is significantly higher than urban areas.By unifying these public health insurance schemes,officials can significantly alleviate economic burden of treatment and better prognosis for patients with oesophageal cancer.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic,as a global public health crisis,has had profound and lasting effects on the world economy and social operating models,fundamentally changing individuals',enterprises',and governments'perceptions of risk and risk management paradigms.The Chinese insurance industry has experienced short-term pain due to the impact of the pandemic,but in the long term,the pandemic has served as a"catalyst"and"accelerator"for the industry's development,greatly enhancing societal awareness of risk protection and,with unprecedented strength,promoting the industry's digital revolution and supply-side structural reform.This article aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the macro environment,technological background,and demand changes faced by the Chinese insurance industry in the post-pandemic era,and to deeply explore the historical opportunities inherent in key areas such as health insurance,pension insurance,digital transformation,and green insurance.Additionally,this article will objectively examine the severe challenges the industry faces in the sustainability of profit models,structural mismatches in supply and demand,rebuilding trust systems,new risk management,and regulatory adaptation.Lastly,based on the above analysis,this article will propose strategic pathways and policy recommendations from three levels:national policy,industry regulation,and corporate strategy to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese insurance industry,better serving the needs of national governance modernization and the well-being of the people.
文摘As a city-customized supplementary medical insurance bridging basic medical insurance and commercial health insurance,Huimin Insurance has expanded to 30 provinces and served 168 million people within four years,emerging as a phenomenal success in China's inclusive insurance landscape.This paper examines its evolution,operational mechanisms,and effectiveness,identifying core challenges including declining participation and renewal rates,adverse selection,uneven benefit compensation,and insufficient information disclosure.It proposes sustainable development pathways across five dimensions:government role,financing and payment,product stratification,service value-added,and technology empowerment.The study demonstrates that the future of Huimin Insurance will likely evolve towards a model characterized by provincial-level co-ordination,stratified benefit design,dynamic pricing,and integrated health management.Its success or failure will ultimately determine the integration depth of China's multi-tiered medical security system and significantly impact the realization of common prosperity goals.
文摘With the rapid development of China's insurance market,the high-quality development of the insurance market is faced with many different challenges and various problems.This paper aims to deeply analyze the actual problems in China's insurance market and put forward supporting countermeasures.First,by understanding the background of highquality insurance development,we can explain the research significance of this paper in combination with the existing national policies.Secondly,by summarizing the current situation of high-quality insurance development,the paper puts forward the shortage of insurance talents in the expansion of insurance scale,the continuous improvement of insurance density and depth,and the growth of insurance compensation in the development of high-quality insurance.Finally,from the perspective of differentiated customized insurance products,training professionals,and providing financial subsidies,we will put forward the corresponding suggestions for the problem and look forward to the future development prospects.
文摘Marxist and social science methodologies provide scientific conceptual tools and analytical perspectives for research across various disciplines.Among these,the methodology of quantitative and qualitative changes reveals the fundamental laws governing the development of things,offering significant guidance for exploring the relationship between Huimin Insurance and basic medical insurance,and for promoting the sustainable development of the medical security system.Based on this methodology and the practical context of the medical security field,this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of Huimin Insurance on the sustainable development of basic medical insurance.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to study the influencing factors of flexible employment personnel's participation in urban-rural residents'pension insurance.After reading a large number of literature and research results on flexible employment personnel and analyzing and interpreting the urban-rural residents'pension insurance policy of Zhuhai,we take the flexible employment personnel of Zhuhai City as the object of the study,combined with questionnaire survey method,and analyze the difficulties of the flexible employment personnel's participation in the insurance by analyzing the collected data,and find out that Zhuhai's flexibly employed people have cognitive bias towards urban and rural residents'pension insurance,the government's business personnel have a vague understanding of the insurance,and some of the flexibly employed people think that the subsidy is low,etc.The government of Zhuhai City has provided the suggestions of expanding the scope of the publicity of the urban and rural residents'pension insurance,increasing publicity efforts,and providing regular training for the counterpart service personnel in order to increase the rate of the flexibly employed people's participation in the insurance,and improve the inherent bad impression of the insurance by the flexibly employed people.personnel's inherent bad impression of insurance,and further improve China's insurance system.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071042)。
文摘China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.
文摘The article is concentrated on the Slovak commercial insurance, commercial insurance market, non-life insurance, and international risks on the Slovak Republic. Since 1 May 2004, the Slovak insurance market has been part of the uniform European Union insurance market, which includes over 5,000 insurance companies. After Slovakia’s admission to the European Union, several legislative changes have been adopted in the area of commercial insurance industry, which also influenced non-life insurance and the insurance of international risks as part of non-life risks. The most recent act in the area of commercial insurance mentioned in the paper is the Act of the National Council SR No. 39/2015 Coll. on Insurance, in which there are legislative changes in life and also non-life insurance. Basic terms are defined and commented on in the first two chapters （Lowry, Rawlings, ＆ Merkin, 2015）. The nature of international risks as part of non-life risks is described in the second chapter. International risks are classified in the third chapter; international risks are subdivided in the paper into commercial or trade risks, political and economic risks, and special types of risks.
基金Supported by Chongqing Social Science Planning Project(Doctoral Project)"Research Support on the Impact of Policy-based Agricultural Insurance on the Production Behavior of Chinese Farmers"(2020BS39).
文摘This article investigates the development process and current status of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing.Based on recent data-including premium income,compensation amounts,the number of insured households,and insurance penetration,the article analyzes the primary challenges faced in the system's operation and proposes recommendations from two dimensions:institutional optimization and practical interventions.These recommendations include establishing a differentiated participation incentive mechanism,optimizing the composition of insurance products,enhancing risk diversification and reinsurance systems,creating an agricultural disaster risk reserve fund,developing a dynamic fiscal subsidy distribution mechanism based on risk and performance,improving information-sharing platforms,strengthening the rural grassroots power grid infrastructure,and accelerating the adoption of modern technologies in underwriting and claims settlement processes.The findings suggest that the coordinated advancement of institutional optimization and technological empowerment can substantially enhance the inclusiveness,sustainability,and operational efficiency of policy-based agricultural insurance in Chongqing,thereby providing substantial support for agricultural modernization and the Rural Revitalization Strategy.
文摘Cancer patients in China navigate a complex and uneven insurance landscape,making plan choice critical for equitable financial protection.This study conducts a structured narrative review(2010-2025)of the Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,and Wanfang databases,focusing on empirical research on insurance plan choice,enrollment,or switching among cancer patients and their households in China.Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted information on key determinants and identification strategies.The evidence converges on five main determinants:insurance literacy,health knowledge,prior coverage,financial capability,and policy promotion intensity(PPI).However,most studies are cross-sectional and descriptive,with inconsistent operationalization of determinants,weak or absent mediation tests for PPI,and limited coverage of rural,elderly,and low-literacy populations.Building on these gaps,we synthesize an evidence map,propose an operational PPI index,and highlight quasi-experimental opportunities(such as staggered NRDL updates and variation in local publicity efforts)to identify mechanisms and inform more inclusive,patient-centered insurance design in China.
基金Supported by the Chongqing Science and Health Joint Medical Research Project,No.2024MSXM065.
文摘BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is a significant health concern worldwide,with high inci-dence and mortality rates.In China,the disease burden is particularly high,accounting for a substantial proportion of oesophageal cancer cases and related deaths worldwide.AIM To explore the relationship between the mortality rate of oesophageal cancer patients and insurance type,out-of-pocket ratio,and the joint effects of insurance type and out-of-pocket ratio.METHODS The χ^(2) test was used to analyze patients’demographic and clinical characteristics.Multivariate logistic regression,the Cox proportional hazard model,and the competitive risk model were used to calculate the cumulative hazard ratios(HRs)of all-cause death and oesophageal cancer-specific death among patients with different types of insurance and out-of-pocket ratios.RESULTS Compared with patients covered by basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents,patients covered by urban employee basic medical insurance for urban workers(UEBMI)had a 23.30%increased risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death[HR=1.233,95%confidence interval(CI):1.093-1.391,P<0.005].Compared with patients in the low out-of-pocket ratio group,patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group had a 25.80%reduction in the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death(HR=0.742,95%CI:0.6555-0.84,P<0.005).With each 10%increase in the out-of-pocket ratio,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death decreased by 10.10%in patients covered by UEBMI.However,the risk of oesophageal cancer-specific death increased by 26.90%in patients in the high out-of-pocket ratio group.CONCLUSION This study reveals the relationships of the specific mortality rate of patients with oesophageal cancer with the out-of-pocket ratio and medical insurance types as well as their combined effects.This study provides practical suggestions and guidance for the formulation of relevant policies in this area.
文摘The article by Wu et al highlights the growing incidence of esophageal tumor patients,particularly in China,where the high frequency and death rate are significant problems.The article also examined the impact of health insurance on treatment availability and patient outcomes,demonstrating that the type of insurance can affect the financial burden on patients.This study investigates the effects of different types of health care coverage,namely Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance vs Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance,and the personal spending ratio on treatment decisions and survival outcomes.The database used is derived from esophageal tumor patient continuation from Chongqing University Hospital in China.A total of 2543 patients were included in the study,allowing for the formation of research cohorts.Patient information included demographic characteristics.The study followed various processes to maintain consistency,including data sources,inclusion and exclusion criteria,follow-up duration,health insurance,and statistical analysis.The average age at diagnosis ranged from 57-74 years,and predominantly included men,married people,and those of Han ethnic background,comprising 2088 and 2519 individuals,respectively.Upon controlling for age,sex,relationship status,country of origin,pathological evaluation,tumor stage,and biochemical indicators,individuals who had Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance exhibited a higher propensity to opt for radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and targeted therapy compared to those covered by the Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.During the follow-up phase of the study,a total of 1438 deaths were documented,with 1106 ascribed to esophageal cancer.Additionally,individuals with Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance had a significantly elevated risk of esophageal cancer,particularly mortality,compared to those without Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China,No.23ZDYF0839Ya'an Science and Technology Plan of Economic and Social Development(Health Field),Ya’an,China,No.2024-1the Ya’an Philosophic and Social Science Research Plan,Ya’an,China,No.YAA20240035.
文摘Cancers remain a major health burden with a high mortality rate in China.Basic medical insurance,is the most important element in the financial support system of healthcare resources in both urban and rural areas,and requires further understanding to improve health policy.For instance,a single hospital-based prospective cohort study found that esophageal cancer survival outcomes were associated with different healthcare payment patterns and situations.Comparing the extracted literature-data between urban employee basic medical insurance and urban and rural resident basic medical insurance,the proportions of tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)stage I-II were 27.1%and 34.6%,while those of TNM stage IV were 35.0%and 26.1%,respectively.Additionally,high out-of-pocket rate(>60%)of hospitalization was associated with a higher proportion of TNM stage I-II(40.3%vs 26.9%)and a lower proportion of TNM stage IV(22.7%vs 32.8%).In addition,healthcare payment simultaneously influenced or was influenced by the proportions of early and advanced esophageal cancers.The critical difficulty in improving survival of esophageal cancer in populations should be a low proportion of early disease.A more comprehensive and robust public healthcare insurance system is desired to support cancer prevention and control in particular,in order to increase the proportion of early cancers and consequently improve patient survival.Additionally,commercial medical insurance and social charities hope to be fully introduced and encouraged to achieve these goals as active supplement.
基金Supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,United States,No.K23DK133729。
文摘BACKGROUND Private insurance coverage is associated with higher rates of living donor kidney transplantation(LDKT)but whether this is attributable to confounding is not known.AIM To study the association between increased access to private health insurance and LDKT.METHODS Retrospective cohort study using United States transplant registry data.We identified incident candidates aged 22-29 years who were waitlisted for a kidneyonly transplant from 2005-2014,excluding prior transplant recipients and those with missing data.We calculated the hazard of LDKT after waitlisting for those with private insurance vs other insurance pre-Affordable Care Act(ACA)vs post-ACA,using death and delisting as competing events,for candidates affected by the policy change(age 22-25 years)vs those who were not(age 26-29 years).RESULTS A total of 13817 candidates were included,of whom 46%were age 22-25 years and 54%were age 26-29 years.Among candidates aged 22-25 years at listing,those listed post-ACA were more likely to have private insurance compared to those listed pre-ACA(42%vs 35%),but there was no difference in private insurance coverage between eras among candidates aged 26-29 years at listing.In adjusted competing risk regression,privately insured patients age 22-25 years were less likely to receive a LDKT post-ACA compared to pre-ACA[hazard ratio(HR)=0.88,95%CI:0.78-1.00],as were those aged 22-25 years old with other insurance types(HR=0.80,95%CI:0.69-0.92).These associations were not seen among candidates age 26-29 years.CONCLUSION Candidates age 22-25 years were likelier to have private insurance post-ACA,without an increased rate in LDKT.Demonstrations of associations between insurance and LDKT are likely attributable to residual confounding.
基金Supported by Dong-A University Research Fund,No.20230598.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a significant public health concern in South Korea even though the incidence rates are declining.While medical travel for cancer treatment is common,its patterns and influencing factors for patients with HCC are unknown.AIM To assess medical travel patterns and determinants and their policy implications among patients with newly diagnosed HCC in South Korea.METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the National Health Insurance Service database to identify patients with newly diagnosed HCC from 2013 to 2021.Medical travel was defined as receiving initial treatment outside one’s residential region.Patient characteristics and regional trends were analyzed,and factors influencing medical travel were identified using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among 64808 patients 52.4%received treatment in the capital.This proportion increased to 67.4%when including the surrounding metropolitan area.Medical travel was significantly more common among younger and wealthier patients.Patients with greater comorbidity burden or liver cirrhosis were less likely to travel.While geographic distance influenced travel patterns,high-volume academic centers in the capital attracted patients nationwide regardless of proximity.CONCLUSION This nationwide study highlighted the centralization of HCC care in the capital.This observation indicates that regional cancer hubs should be strengthened and promoted for equitable healthcare access.
文摘Against the backdrop of the Healthy China strategy,the insurance behavior of young consumers presents new characteristics such as enhanced autonomy,a shift toward proactive risk management,stronger personalized demands,and higher expectations for online experiences.In response to changes in young consumers'risk awareness and consumption philosophy,this paper analyzes influencing factors from four dimensions:economic income,risk perception,social environment,and internet penetration.It proposes that insurance companies should focus on digital innovation,precise product development,social platform marketing,and popularization of insurance education,to promote the transformation of young people’s insurance demand from passive risk transfer to proactive long-term planning,and to help the insurance industry and young groups achieve win-win development.
文摘This study investigates the innovation pathways and product pricing strategies of commercial health insurance in the era of new technologies.Drawing upon recent developments in InsurTech—including artificial intelligence(AI),the Internet of Things(IoT),blockchain,and big data analytics—we analyze how these technologies reshape underwriting,risk management,and actuarial pricing models.The research employs a theoretical framework rooted in information economics and applies generalized linear models(GLMs)alongside machine learning approaches to demonstrate how technologydriven data sources,such as wearable devices and real-time health monitoring,enhance pricing precision and risk stratification.Empirical illustrations highlight global cases including wellness-linked insurance programs,telemedicine-integrated policies,blockchain-enabled claims,and China’s inclusive Huiminbao schemes.Findings suggest that new technologies improve efficiency,reduce information asymmetry,and foster product innovation,while simultaneously raising challenges of data privacy,algorithmic fairness,and market sustainability.The paper concludes that successful integration of advanced technologies into health insurance requires balancing actuarial accuracy with equity considerations,robust regulatory frameworks,and consumer trust.These insights contribute to the broader discourse on how digital transformation can strengthen health insurance systems and promote public health outcomes worldwide.
文摘The implementation of the new revenue standard has a far-reaching impact on the accounting treatment of insurance enterprises,and the application of contract settlement accounts,as the key to connect business and financial accounting,needs to be standardized.This paper analyzes the core requirements of the new revenue standard,combines the special characteristics of insurance contracts with both service and financial attributes,and explains the logic of setting up and accounting methods of secondary accounts,such as insurance service income and investment component apportionment.In view of the practical pain points such as variable consideration apportionment and reclassification of inter-period contracts,the paper proposes strategies for system upgrading and internal control strengthening.The study shows that standardizing the application of accounts can help enterprises implement the requirements of the standard and improve the quality of financial information.
基金This paper presents preliminary research findings from two projects:a major project funded by the National Social Science Fund of China,titled“Changes in the Nature of Rural Poverty in China in the New Era and Research on Post-2020 Anti-Poverty Policies”(Project No:19ZDA116)Doctoral Research Project under the Special Program for Talents in Shortage Areas Serving National Needs,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,titled“The Impact of Policy-Based Agricultural Insurance on Farmers’Income and Welfare Levels”(Project No:BSZX2021-12).
文摘Agricultural insurance plays a key role in promoting the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth,which is crucial for China’s high-quality agricultural development.Using the coupling coordination degree model,this study empirically demonstrates that the development of agricultural insurance significantly promotes the coordinated development of green agriculture and farmers’income growth once a certain threshold is exceeded.This effect is more pronounced in the major grain-producing regions and the central provinces.Expanding the scale of agricultural production and increasing investment in agricultural technology are the key mechanisms through which agricultural insurance supports the dual goals of green agriculture and income growth in China.In conclusion,this study proposes several policy recommendations,which include increasing investment in agricultural insurance infrastructure,strengthening the policy guidance for agricultural insurance,and designing differentiated agricultural insurance policies.
基金funded by the National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202410456025)supported by the China Center of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Hong Kong Institute of Humanities and Natural Sciences and Technology.
文摘Driven by both market demand and policies,the drone insurance industry is facing new development opportunities.This study focuses on exploring an innovative hybrid data integration method,which uses public datasets of drones and small manned aircraft for hybrid data integration and severity scaling,and conducts simulation tests to ensure the reproducibility of the method.A two-part hybrid model approach is adopted to separate the frequency model from the severity model,and a hierarchical modeling method is used for each part to deal with the occurrence of extreme losses.Monte Carlo simulation is performed on the fused data to calculate the net premium.Innovatively,a no-claim discount system is introduced,and the impact of operators'behaviors on claim frequency is quantified,with comprehensive consideration given to the inclusion and quantification of risk factors.The application of Tweedie GLM in total loss modeling is constructed and analyzed,and the advantages and disadvantages of different modeling methods are compared,aiming to provide more comprehensive decision-making basis for insurance companies.This report is intended to construct and evaluate a robust actuarial rate-making model for the rapidly developing drone insurance market,and to develop more accurate,fair and market-competitive drone insurance products.
