Philip’s two-term infiltration equation has been widely used to infer soil saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks),the accuracy of which is usually influenced by the size of infiltration rings and soil conditions.Previo...Philip’s two-term infiltration equation has been widely used to infer soil saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks),the accuracy of which is usually influenced by the size of infiltration rings and soil conditions.Previous studies have primarily focused on exploring the ring-size dependence of Ks estimations under specific soil conditions(e.g.,soil isotropy and/or uniform initial water content).This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis by systematically considering eight heterogeneous and anisotropic soils with nonuniform initial water contents.Specifically,we examined the validity of Philip’s infiltration equation as well as the recently proposed two forms(i.e.,infiltration and time forms)of Parlange’s infiltration equation both theoretically and in practical applications of double-ring infiltration.Then the time form of Parlange’s equation was applied to infer Ks using double-ring infiltrometer measurements with different combinations of six inner ring diameters(10,20,40,80,120,and 200 cm)and three buffer index(defined as the ratio of the difference between inner and outer ring diameters to the outer ring diameter)values(0.20,0.33,and 0.50).For each infiltrometer set,20 stochastic Ks fields were randomly generated by adopting five standard deviation values(0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,and 0.9).Furthermore,we investigated the effects of five horizontal correlation lengths(30,60,150,300,and 600 cm)on Ks estimations.The results demonstrated that Parlange’s equation,compared to Philip’s equation,was more universal in describing the cumulative infiltration relationship for the test soils.The combination of inner ring diameter and buffer index of 40 cm and 0.2,respectively,which satisfied most of the practical requirements for determining Ks in the Soil Water Infiltration Global(SWIG)database was optimal.When the horizontal correlation length exceeded a threshold(i.e.,150 cm in our study),the inner ring diameter was required to increase to 80 cm.Our findings contribute to accurate Ks estimations of different soils using double-ring infiltrometers.展开更多
The problem of hydrodynamics of the three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing was studied by means of boundary element method.The law including the distribution of pressure on boundary surface(axial,bearing and floa...The problem of hydrodynamics of the three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing was studied by means of boundary element method.The law including the distribution of pressure on boundary surface(axial,bearing and floating-ring)and its friction loss in different eccentricities was obtained.The results show that the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated bearing increases from 390.875to 1 091.65,and the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing increases from 94.2523to 114.5069with eccentricity varying from 0to 0.075in nondimensional.So changing the pressure and flow field of bearing by adding floating-ring is more stability and less wasted work of friction than three-leaf dislocated bearing.展开更多
A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynami...A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42107066 and 42007004)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20201105)。
文摘Philip’s two-term infiltration equation has been widely used to infer soil saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks),the accuracy of which is usually influenced by the size of infiltration rings and soil conditions.Previous studies have primarily focused on exploring the ring-size dependence of Ks estimations under specific soil conditions(e.g.,soil isotropy and/or uniform initial water content).This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis by systematically considering eight heterogeneous and anisotropic soils with nonuniform initial water contents.Specifically,we examined the validity of Philip’s infiltration equation as well as the recently proposed two forms(i.e.,infiltration and time forms)of Parlange’s infiltration equation both theoretically and in practical applications of double-ring infiltration.Then the time form of Parlange’s equation was applied to infer Ks using double-ring infiltrometer measurements with different combinations of six inner ring diameters(10,20,40,80,120,and 200 cm)and three buffer index(defined as the ratio of the difference between inner and outer ring diameters to the outer ring diameter)values(0.20,0.33,and 0.50).For each infiltrometer set,20 stochastic Ks fields were randomly generated by adopting five standard deviation values(0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,and 0.9).Furthermore,we investigated the effects of five horizontal correlation lengths(30,60,150,300,and 600 cm)on Ks estimations.The results demonstrated that Parlange’s equation,compared to Philip’s equation,was more universal in describing the cumulative infiltration relationship for the test soils.The combination of inner ring diameter and buffer index of 40 cm and 0.2,respectively,which satisfied most of the practical requirements for determining Ks in the Soil Water Infiltration Global(SWIG)database was optimal.When the horizontal correlation length exceeded a threshold(i.e.,150 cm in our study),the inner ring diameter was required to increase to 80 cm.Our findings contribute to accurate Ks estimations of different soils using double-ring infiltrometers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11362015)
文摘The problem of hydrodynamics of the three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing was studied by means of boundary element method.The law including the distribution of pressure on boundary surface(axial,bearing and floating-ring)and its friction loss in different eccentricities was obtained.The results show that the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated bearing increases from 390.875to 1 091.65,and the inner friction of three-leaf dislocated floating-ring bearing increases from 94.2523to 114.5069with eccentricity varying from 0to 0.075in nondimensional.So changing the pressure and flow field of bearing by adding floating-ring is more stability and less wasted work of friction than three-leaf dislocated bearing.
文摘A brief review and analysis of two historical models of the electron, the charged spinning sphere and Goudsmit and Uhlenbeck’s concept, is presented. It is shown that the enormous potential of classical electrodynamics has been underutilized in particle physics. Such observation leads to discovery of a principal component in the electron inner structure—the charged c-ring. The intrinsic (fundamental) electron model based on the charged c-ring successfully explains the ontology of the charge fractionation in quantum chromodynamics and the formation of Cooper pairs in superconductivity. The c-ring properties are explained on the basis of the General Compton Conditions as defined. Properties of the charged c-ring include the explanation of the boundary conditions, electro-magnetostatic field configuration, self-mass, spin, magnetic moment, and the gyromagnetic ratio. The self-mass of the intrinsic electron is 100% electro-magnetostatic and it is shown how to compute its value. The classical-quantum divide no longer exists. Relation between the intrinsic electron and the electron is fundamentally defined. The electron is the composite fermion consisting of the intrinsic electron and the neutrino. The ontology of the anomaly in the electron magnetic moment is demonstrated—it is due to the addition of the neutrino magnetic moment to the overall electron magnetic moment. The intrinsic electron replaces the W? boson in particle physics, resulting in a fundamental implication for the Standard Model.
