Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to...The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.展开更多
This mixed-methods study investigated how AI-enhanced English as a Foreign Language(EFL)learning environments influence students’psychological well-being through the mediating roles of motivation and language learnin...This mixed-methods study investigated how AI-enhanced English as a Foreign Language(EFL)learning environments influence students’psychological well-being through the mediating roles of motivation and language learning anxiety and the moderating role of trust.Participants were Chinese university students(N=310,62%female,mean age=18.9,SD=0.8),of whom 15 completed interviews to both add to and to clarify the evidence from the surveys.Structural equation modeling results revealed that AI use had significant indirect effects on well-being through increased motivation and reduced language learning anxiety.Trust in AI significantly moderated both paths,amplifying the motivational benefits and anxiety reduction associated with AI use.Thematic analysis supported these results,identifying three experiential themes:(1)motivational empowerment through personalization,(2)anxiety regulation through safe practice and feedback,and(3)trust as the emotional bridge between AI and well-being.The study extends AI psychology applications by empirically linking technology engagement with affective outcomes and underscores the need for human-centered and trust-enhancing design in AI-supported education.From these findings,we conclude that adaptive,transparent,and autonomy-supportive AI systems promote self-determined motivation,emotional safety,and overall psychological health among EFL learners.展开更多
Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects exte...Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.展开更多
Legume foods are not only trendy but also rich in nutrients and offer unique health benefits.Nevertheless,allergies to soy and other legumes have emerged as critical issues in food safety,presenting significant challe...Legume foods are not only trendy but also rich in nutrients and offer unique health benefits.Nevertheless,allergies to soy and other legumes have emerged as critical issues in food safety,presenting significant challenges to the food processing industry and impacting consumer health.The complexity of legume allergens,coupled with inadequate allergen identification methods and the absence of robust detection and evaluation systems,complicates the management of these allergens.Here,we provide a comprehensive and critical review,mentioning various aspects related to legume allergies,including the types of legume allergens,the mechanisms behind these allergies,and the immunoglobulin E(Ig E)-binding epitopes involved,summarizing and discussing the detection techniques and the impact of different processing techniques on sensitization to legume proteins.Furthermore,this paper provides an overview of research advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for legume allergens and discusses current challenges and prospects for studying legume allergens.展开更多
Background: The Maternal and Child Survival Program of United States Agency for International Development conducted a study in 2017 to assess the outcome of an initiative to strengthen Expanded Programme on Immunizati...Background: The Maternal and Child Survival Program of United States Agency for International Development conducted a study in 2017 to assess the outcome of an initiative to strengthen Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) pre-service training. The pre-service training initiative was undertaken by the Ministry of Health (MOH) with support from partners in 2012-2016. The overall objective of the study was to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the initiative in the competency (knowledge, skills and attitude) of graduate nurses. Methods: The study included a conveniently selected sample of 14 pre-service training institutions, 23 field practicum sites, and 29 health facilities in western Kenya, and used quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Results: All pre-service training institutions were found to have adapted the WHO EPI prototype curriculum. Overall, tutors followed training method in the classroom as suggested in the curriculum, except evaluation of students’ learning lacked tests or quizzes. Students had opportunities for hands-on practical experience in the field practicum sites. Graduate nurses were found to have acquired the skills for vaccinating children. However, some pre-service training institutions lacked functional skills labs for practical learning of students. In addition, students did not receive up-to-date information on EPI program, and lacked knowledge and skills on monitoring and documentation of EPI coverage during preservice training. Conclusions: It appears that the EPI pre-service training strengthening initiatives facilitated competency-based EPI training of nurses in Kenya. However, preservice training institutions still have scope for improvement in the skills lab, hand-washing practice, providing up-to-date information, and training students on coverage monitoring and documentation.展开更多
Zika virus disease is a disease of public health importance and was declared a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern”, by the World Health Organization on February 1, 2016. It is mostly transmitted throu...Zika virus disease is a disease of public health importance and was declared a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern”, by the World Health Organization on February 1, 2016. It is mostly transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. Transmission can also occur through blood transfusion and sexual intercourse. It could cause microcephaly and other neurological problems in newborns and adults, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. It could also lead to abortion and stillbirth in pregnant women. Prevention methods are essentially targeted at transmission routes, which are mosquito bite, sexual intercourse, and blood transfusion. The study was of observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design, and conducted in a tertiary health institution in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty-six female caregivers participated in the study, with most of them being within the childbearing age group, and educated up to tertiary level. The objective was to assess the knowledge of Zika virus infection prevention methods, among female caregivers that bring babies for immunization in a Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria. Out of the eight questions that sought to assess the knowledge level of the respondents, they scored 50% and above only in three, which were on prevention through protection against mosquito bite (60.5%), avoiding unnecessary blood transfusion in endemic areas (53.9%), and avoidance of oily meals not being a preventive measure (51.2%). Respondents in the childbearing age group, and those with higher educational qualifications, generally exhibited higher knowledge level than the other respondents. Scores on questions that sought to assess their knowledge on prevention aspects related to sexual behavior, and vaccination were poor. Sensitization, or awareness creation activities for persons in this study area, ought to be designed to address the observed gaps.展开更多
Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters accordi...Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.展开更多
Objective:To explore effect of different anesthesia methods and different anesthetics on erythrocyte immune function in mice.Methods:The mice were anesthetized by isoflurane and ether inhalation,and also under intrape...Objective:To explore effect of different anesthesia methods and different anesthetics on erythrocyte immune function in mice.Methods:The mice were anesthetized by isoflurane and ether inhalation,and also under intraperitoneal anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital and chloral hydrate,Blood was collected from the ventro-cardinal vein.Automatic blood cell analyzer was used for routine blood examination,and the canthine oxidase method was used to measure the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA)was measured with TBA,and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)was measured with DTNB,and then the effect of different anesthesia methods and different anesthetics on erythrocyte immune function in mice was observed.Result:Hct level of chloral hydrate intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).And the MDA levels in the pentobarbital sodium group were significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).SOD and GSH-Px of the chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection group were significantly lower than the other two groups;RBC-C 3bRR and RBC-ICR of the chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection group were significantly lower than the other two groups.Conclusions:Different drugs can induce changes in immune function of mice at different levels.Isoflurane and ether have less damage to animal body,while chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection have a certain inhibitory effect on the animal body respiratory system and can cause greater damage to the body.Therefore,the reasonable selection and control of anesthetics are very important in order to avoid the experimental errors caused by anesthesia.展开更多
Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization m...Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization method(HVIM)for community networks is proposed.Based on the virus transmission dynamic model SusceptibleInfectious-Removed and SusceptibleRemoved(SIRSR),HVIM considered the influence of external factors on the spread of viruses and only needs a portion of the network structure to be able to carry out immunization.Another pro for HVIM is that it is scalable and suitable for parallel computing which is a requirement in the big data era.Finally,a simulation dataset and a real dataset were used to run experiments,and the results of simulation showed that HVIM obviously is superior to others on the aspect of immunity.展开更多
As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and s...As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and smart maintenance.While promising,both methods have issues that need to be addressed.For example,model-based methods are limited by low computational accuracy and a high computational burden,and data-driven methods always suffer from poor interpretability and redundant features.To address these issues,the concept of data-model fusion(DMF)emerges as a promising solution.DMF involves integrating model-based methods with data-driven methods by incorporating big data into model-based methods or embedding relevant domain knowledge into data-driven methods.Despite growing efforts in the field of DMF,a unanimous definition of DMF remains elusive,and a general framework of DMF has been rarely discussed.This paper aims to address this gap by providing a thorough overview and categorization of both data-driven methods and model-based methods.Subsequently,this paper also presents the definition and categorization of DMF and discusses the general framework of DMF.Moreover,the primary seven applications of DMF are reviewed within the context of smart manufacturing and digital engineering.Finally,this paper directs the future directions of DMF.展开更多
The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytica...The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.展开更多
Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vi...Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)ranks second in terms of cancer-related deaths.We found that fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),which is related to cell adhesion and immunity,affects the occurrence and developme...BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)ranks second in terms of cancer-related deaths.We found that fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),which is related to cell adhesion and immunity,affects the occurrence and development of COAD.This study focused on the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD and constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of COAD patients.AIM To verify the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD.METHODS A total of 453 COAD tissue samples,along with 41 normal tissue samples,were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.The difference in FABP4 expression between COAD tissues and normal tissues was analyzed,and the results were verified by immunohistochemistry.The WGCNA algorithm links FABP4 expression with an enrichment analysis and with immune cell infiltration pathways.The biological functions of FABP4 and its coexpressed genes were explored through enrichment analyses.The ESTIMATE,CIBERSORT and ssGSEA methods were used for the immune infiltration analysis.Finally,risk scores were calculated by a Cox analysis.A nomogram was constructed by combining risk scores with routine clinicopathological factors.We assessed the accuracy of survival predictions based on the C-index.The C-index ranges from 0.5 to 1.0,and in general,a C-index value greater than 0.65 indicates a reasonable estimate.The results were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.RESULTS FABP4 was significantly differentially expressed in COAD.It is a promising auxiliary biomarker for screening and diagnosis.Enrichment analyses suggested that FABP4 may influence the invasion and progression of COAD through cell adhesion.The immunological analysis revealed that FABP4 expression in COAD was significantly positively correlated with immune cell infiltration.Moreover,a nomogram to predict the survival of COAD patients was successfully constructed by integrating the calculated risk scores of 15 candidate genes and routine clinicopathological factors.This nomogram could effectively predict 1-year,3-year,and 5-year survival(C-index=0.786)and was verified(C-index=0.73).CONCLUSION This study established FABP4 as an effective biomarker for screening,assisting in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis.展开更多
With the continuous increase of aeroengine flight ceiling(>20 km),the thin atmosphere at high altitudes and the size effect all cause the compressor component inlet Reynolds number to decrease rapidly to a critical...With the continuous increase of aeroengine flight ceiling(>20 km),the thin atmosphere at high altitudes and the size effect all cause the compressor component inlet Reynolds number to decrease rapidly to a critical value(approximately 2.0×10^(5)),and the significant transition process on the blade/endwall surface leads to the sharp degradation of compressor performance,which seriously affects the engine fuel consumption and working stability at high altitudes.In this paper,the research progress on the internal flow mechanism and flow control methods of axial compressors at low Reynolds numbers is reviewed from the aspects of quantification and prediction of performance variation,flow loss mechanism related to separation and transition,efficient transition control and flow field organization.The development trend of the low-Reynolds-number effect of axial flow compressors is noted,and the difficulties and application prospects of aerodynamic design and efficient flow control methods for compressors under low Reynolds numbers at high altitudes are discussed.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of the variable coefficient ordinary differen-tial equation on the bounded domain,the Lagrange interpolation method is used to approximate the exact solution of the equation,and the error...In order to solve the problem of the variable coefficient ordinary differen-tial equation on the bounded domain,the Lagrange interpolation method is used to approximate the exact solution of the equation,and the error between the numerical solution and the exact solution is obtained,and then compared with the error formed by the difference method,it is concluded that the Lagrange interpolation method is more effective in solving the variable coefficient ordinary differential equation.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have become crucial tools in moving target tracking due to their agility and ability to operate in complex,dynamic environments.UAVs must meet several requirements to achieve stable track...Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have become crucial tools in moving target tracking due to their agility and ability to operate in complex,dynamic environments.UAVs must meet several requirements to achieve stable tracking,including maintaining continuous target visibility amidst occlusions,ensuring flight safety,and achieving smooth trajectory planning.This paper reviews the latest advancements in UAV-based target tracking,highlighting information prediction,tracking strategies,and swarm cooperation.To address challenges including target visibility and occlusion,real-time prediction and tracking in dynamic environments,flight safety and coordination,resource management and energy efficiency,the paper identifies future research directions aimed at improving the performance,reliability,and scalability of UAV tracking system.展开更多
Ocean energy has progressively gained considerable interest due to its sufficient potential to meet the world’s energy demand,and the blade is the core component in electricity generation from the ocean current.Howev...Ocean energy has progressively gained considerable interest due to its sufficient potential to meet the world’s energy demand,and the blade is the core component in electricity generation from the ocean current.However,the widened hydraulic excitation frequency may satisfy the blade resonance due to the time variation in the velocity and angle of attack of the ocean current,even resulting in blade fatigue and destructively interfering with grid stability.A key parameter that determines the resonance amplitude of the blade is the hydrodynamic damping ratio(HDR).However,HDR is difficult to obtain due to the complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI).Therefore,a literature review was conducted on the hydrodynamic damping characteristics of blade-like structures.The experimental and simulation methods used to identify and obtain the HDR quantitatively were described,placing emphasis on the experimental processes and simulation setups.Moreover,the accuracy and efficiency of different simulation methods were compared,and the modal work approach was recommended.The effects of key typical parameters,including flow velocity,angle of attack,gap,rotational speed,and cavitation,on the HDR were then summarized,and the suggestions on operating conditions were presented from the perspective of increasing the HDR.Subsequently,considering multiple flow parameters,several theoretical derivations and semi-empirical prediction formulas for HDR were introduced,and the accuracy and application were discussed.Based on the shortcomings of the existing research,the direction of future research was finally determined.The current work offers a clear understanding of the HDR of blade-like structures,which could improve the evaluation accuracy of flow-induced vibration in the design stage.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of“Three Methods and Three Acupoints”(TMTP)Tuina therapy on spinal microcirculation in sciatic nerve injury(SNI).Methods:Thirty-six SpragueeDawley rats were randomly assigned to ...Objective:To investigate the effects of“Three Methods and Three Acupoints”(TMTP)Tuina therapy on spinal microcirculation in sciatic nerve injury(SNI).Methods:Thirty-six SpragueeDawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups:normal,sham operation,model,and TMTP Tuina.Successful model induction was confirmed by observable hind limb lameness.After 20 sessions,hind limb grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV)were measured at baseline and following the 10th and 20th intervention.CD31 and a-SMA in the ventral horn of SNI model rats were detected using immunofluorescence.Motor neurons in the ventral horn were detected by Nissl staining.PTEN levels in the ventral horn were measured by ELISA,and PI3K,Akt,BDNF,VEGF,and HIF-1a expression was determined by RT-PCR.Spinal cord microcirculation was evaluated by western blotting analysis of the levels of Akt,p-Akt,BDNF,and VEGF.Results:Hind limb grip strength and MNCV significantly improved in the TMTP Tuina group compared to the model group(both P<.001).Morphology of ventral horn motor neurons in the TMTP Tuina group improved compared to the model group,with increased expressions of a-SMA(P=.002)and CD31(P=.006).Western blot analysis indicated increased expression of VEGF(P=.005),p-Akt(P<.001),and BDNF(P=.008)in the ventral horn following Tuina treatment.RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of PI3K,Akt,BDNF,VEGF and HIF-1a(all P<.05).In contrast,expression of PTEN decreased compared to the model group(P<.001).Conclusion:TMTP Tuina therapy may restore motor function in rats,enhance ventral horn motor neuron morphology,and promote angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle proliferation.The mechanism may involve the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.展开更多
Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers.BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal inje...Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers.BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection,transdermal sensitization,and oral gavage sensitization route.Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms;increase the serum antibody(total immunoglobulin E(IgE),specific IgE,IgG,IgA)and histamine content;promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,IL-13)and inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-17 A,IL-10);and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines(IFN-γ,IL-2).However,the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models.The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control.Subsequently,16 S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice.The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group,while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher,and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group.Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased,the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant.Taken together,these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant,intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.展开更多
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
文摘The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.
文摘This mixed-methods study investigated how AI-enhanced English as a Foreign Language(EFL)learning environments influence students’psychological well-being through the mediating roles of motivation and language learning anxiety and the moderating role of trust.Participants were Chinese university students(N=310,62%female,mean age=18.9,SD=0.8),of whom 15 completed interviews to both add to and to clarify the evidence from the surveys.Structural equation modeling results revealed that AI use had significant indirect effects on well-being through increased motivation and reduced language learning anxiety.Trust in AI significantly moderated both paths,amplifying the motivational benefits and anxiety reduction associated with AI use.Thematic analysis supported these results,identifying three experiential themes:(1)motivational empowerment through personalization,(2)anxiety regulation through safe practice and feedback,and(3)trust as the emotional bridge between AI and well-being.The study extends AI psychology applications by empirically linking technology engagement with affective outcomes and underscores the need for human-centered and trust-enhancing design in AI-supported education.From these findings,we conclude that adaptive,transparent,and autonomy-supportive AI systems promote self-determined motivation,emotional safety,and overall psychological health among EFL learners.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52021005,52325904,and 51991391)。
文摘Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460627 and 32272359)the Special Research Fund of Natural Science(Special Post)of Guizhou University(2022)54。
文摘Legume foods are not only trendy but also rich in nutrients and offer unique health benefits.Nevertheless,allergies to soy and other legumes have emerged as critical issues in food safety,presenting significant challenges to the food processing industry and impacting consumer health.The complexity of legume allergens,coupled with inadequate allergen identification methods and the absence of robust detection and evaluation systems,complicates the management of these allergens.Here,we provide a comprehensive and critical review,mentioning various aspects related to legume allergies,including the types of legume allergens,the mechanisms behind these allergies,and the immunoglobulin E(Ig E)-binding epitopes involved,summarizing and discussing the detection techniques and the impact of different processing techniques on sensitization to legume proteins.Furthermore,this paper provides an overview of research advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for legume allergens and discusses current challenges and prospects for studying legume allergens.
文摘Background: The Maternal and Child Survival Program of United States Agency for International Development conducted a study in 2017 to assess the outcome of an initiative to strengthen Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) pre-service training. The pre-service training initiative was undertaken by the Ministry of Health (MOH) with support from partners in 2012-2016. The overall objective of the study was to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the initiative in the competency (knowledge, skills and attitude) of graduate nurses. Methods: The study included a conveniently selected sample of 14 pre-service training institutions, 23 field practicum sites, and 29 health facilities in western Kenya, and used quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Results: All pre-service training institutions were found to have adapted the WHO EPI prototype curriculum. Overall, tutors followed training method in the classroom as suggested in the curriculum, except evaluation of students’ learning lacked tests or quizzes. Students had opportunities for hands-on practical experience in the field practicum sites. Graduate nurses were found to have acquired the skills for vaccinating children. However, some pre-service training institutions lacked functional skills labs for practical learning of students. In addition, students did not receive up-to-date information on EPI program, and lacked knowledge and skills on monitoring and documentation of EPI coverage during preservice training. Conclusions: It appears that the EPI pre-service training strengthening initiatives facilitated competency-based EPI training of nurses in Kenya. However, preservice training institutions still have scope for improvement in the skills lab, hand-washing practice, providing up-to-date information, and training students on coverage monitoring and documentation.
文摘Zika virus disease is a disease of public health importance and was declared a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern”, by the World Health Organization on February 1, 2016. It is mostly transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitos. Transmission can also occur through blood transfusion and sexual intercourse. It could cause microcephaly and other neurological problems in newborns and adults, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. It could also lead to abortion and stillbirth in pregnant women. Prevention methods are essentially targeted at transmission routes, which are mosquito bite, sexual intercourse, and blood transfusion. The study was of observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design, and conducted in a tertiary health institution in the Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty-six female caregivers participated in the study, with most of them being within the childbearing age group, and educated up to tertiary level. The objective was to assess the knowledge of Zika virus infection prevention methods, among female caregivers that bring babies for immunization in a Teaching Hospital, Southeast Nigeria. Out of the eight questions that sought to assess the knowledge level of the respondents, they scored 50% and above only in three, which were on prevention through protection against mosquito bite (60.5%), avoiding unnecessary blood transfusion in endemic areas (53.9%), and avoidance of oily meals not being a preventive measure (51.2%). Respondents in the childbearing age group, and those with higher educational qualifications, generally exhibited higher knowledge level than the other respondents. Scores on questions that sought to assess their knowledge on prevention aspects related to sexual behavior, and vaccination were poor. Sensitization, or awareness creation activities for persons in this study area, ought to be designed to address the observed gaps.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)the Gansu Province National Science Foundation(22YF7GA182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky2022-kb01)。
文摘Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(No.81171035)
文摘Objective:To explore effect of different anesthesia methods and different anesthetics on erythrocyte immune function in mice.Methods:The mice were anesthetized by isoflurane and ether inhalation,and also under intraperitoneal anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital and chloral hydrate,Blood was collected from the ventro-cardinal vein.Automatic blood cell analyzer was used for routine blood examination,and the canthine oxidase method was used to measure the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity.Lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde(MDA)was measured with TBA,and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)was measured with DTNB,and then the effect of different anesthesia methods and different anesthetics on erythrocyte immune function in mice was observed.Result:Hct level of chloral hydrate intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).And the MDA levels in the pentobarbital sodium group were significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).SOD and GSH-Px of the chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection group were significantly lower than the other two groups;RBC-C 3bRR and RBC-ICR of the chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection group were significantly lower than the other two groups.Conclusions:Different drugs can induce changes in immune function of mice at different levels.Isoflurane and ether have less damage to animal body,while chloral hydrate and sodium pentobarbital intraperitoneal injection have a certain inhibitory effect on the animal body respiratory system and can cause greater damage to the body.Therefore,the reasonable selection and control of anesthetics are very important in order to avoid the experimental errors caused by anesthesia.
基金supported by China 973 Program(2014CB340600)NSF(60903175,61272405,61272033,and 61272451)University Innovation Foundation(2013TS102 and 2013TS106)
文摘Due to the enormous harm of virus propagation,research regarding virus immunizations still absolutely necessary.In comparison to current researches,a new virus immunization method the hierarchical virus immunization method(HVIM)for community networks is proposed.Based on the virus transmission dynamic model SusceptibleInfectious-Removed and SusceptibleRemoved(SIRSR),HVIM considered the influence of external factors on the spread of viruses and only needs a portion of the network structure to be able to carry out immunization.Another pro for HVIM is that it is scalable and suitable for parallel computing which is a requirement in the big data era.Finally,a simulation dataset and a real dataset were used to run experiments,and the results of simulation showed that HVIM obviously is superior to others on the aspect of immunity.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants(52275471 and 52120105008)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program,and the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘As pivotal supporting technologies for smart manufacturing and digital engineering,model-based and data-driven methods have been widely applied in many industrial fields,such as product design,process monitoring,and smart maintenance.While promising,both methods have issues that need to be addressed.For example,model-based methods are limited by low computational accuracy and a high computational burden,and data-driven methods always suffer from poor interpretability and redundant features.To address these issues,the concept of data-model fusion(DMF)emerges as a promising solution.DMF involves integrating model-based methods with data-driven methods by incorporating big data into model-based methods or embedding relevant domain knowledge into data-driven methods.Despite growing efforts in the field of DMF,a unanimous definition of DMF remains elusive,and a general framework of DMF has been rarely discussed.This paper aims to address this gap by providing a thorough overview and categorization of both data-driven methods and model-based methods.Subsequently,this paper also presents the definition and categorization of DMF and discusses the general framework of DMF.Moreover,the primary seven applications of DMF are reviewed within the context of smart manufacturing and digital engineering.Finally,this paper directs the future directions of DMF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172023).
文摘The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41962016)the Natural Science Foundation of NingXia(Nos.2023AAC02023,2023A1218,and 2021AAC02006).
文摘Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.
基金Supported by the University Scientific Research Project of Anhui Province,No.2024AH051916the Quality Engineering Project of Anhui Province,No.2022sx159 and No.2022sdxx031the Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province,No.2022e07020036.
文摘BACKGROUND Colon adenocarcinoma(COAD)ranks second in terms of cancer-related deaths.We found that fatty acid-binding protein 4(FABP4),which is related to cell adhesion and immunity,affects the occurrence and development of COAD.This study focused on the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD and constructed a nomogram for predicting the survival of COAD patients.AIM To verify the possibility of using FABP4 as a biomarker for COAD.METHODS A total of 453 COAD tissue samples,along with 41 normal tissue samples,were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database.The difference in FABP4 expression between COAD tissues and normal tissues was analyzed,and the results were verified by immunohistochemistry.The WGCNA algorithm links FABP4 expression with an enrichment analysis and with immune cell infiltration pathways.The biological functions of FABP4 and its coexpressed genes were explored through enrichment analyses.The ESTIMATE,CIBERSORT and ssGSEA methods were used for the immune infiltration analysis.Finally,risk scores were calculated by a Cox analysis.A nomogram was constructed by combining risk scores with routine clinicopathological factors.We assessed the accuracy of survival predictions based on the C-index.The C-index ranges from 0.5 to 1.0,and in general,a C-index value greater than 0.65 indicates a reasonable estimate.The results were validated using the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database.RESULTS FABP4 was significantly differentially expressed in COAD.It is a promising auxiliary biomarker for screening and diagnosis.Enrichment analyses suggested that FABP4 may influence the invasion and progression of COAD through cell adhesion.The immunological analysis revealed that FABP4 expression in COAD was significantly positively correlated with immune cell infiltration.Moreover,a nomogram to predict the survival of COAD patients was successfully constructed by integrating the calculated risk scores of 15 candidate genes and routine clinicopathological factors.This nomogram could effectively predict 1-year,3-year,and 5-year survival(C-index=0.786)and was verified(C-index=0.73).CONCLUSION This study established FABP4 as an effective biomarker for screening,assisting in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52306053)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project,China(No.P2022-B-Ⅱ-005-001)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017-Ⅱ-0010-0024)。
文摘With the continuous increase of aeroengine flight ceiling(>20 km),the thin atmosphere at high altitudes and the size effect all cause the compressor component inlet Reynolds number to decrease rapidly to a critical value(approximately 2.0×10^(5)),and the significant transition process on the blade/endwall surface leads to the sharp degradation of compressor performance,which seriously affects the engine fuel consumption and working stability at high altitudes.In this paper,the research progress on the internal flow mechanism and flow control methods of axial compressors at low Reynolds numbers is reviewed from the aspects of quantification and prediction of performance variation,flow loss mechanism related to separation and transition,efficient transition control and flow field organization.The development trend of the low-Reynolds-number effect of axial flow compressors is noted,and the difficulties and application prospects of aerodynamic design and efficient flow control methods for compressors under low Reynolds numbers at high altitudes are discussed.
文摘In order to solve the problem of the variable coefficient ordinary differen-tial equation on the bounded domain,the Lagrange interpolation method is used to approximate the exact solution of the equation,and the error between the numerical solution and the exact solution is obtained,and then compared with the error formed by the difference method,it is concluded that the Lagrange interpolation method is more effective in solving the variable coefficient ordinary differential equation.
基金financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2021JJ10045)the Open Research Subject of State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(Grant No.ZBKF-24-01)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20240989)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M754304)。
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have become crucial tools in moving target tracking due to their agility and ability to operate in complex,dynamic environments.UAVs must meet several requirements to achieve stable tracking,including maintaining continuous target visibility amidst occlusions,ensuring flight safety,and achieving smooth trajectory planning.This paper reviews the latest advancements in UAV-based target tracking,highlighting information prediction,tracking strategies,and swarm cooperation.To address challenges including target visibility and occlusion,real-time prediction and tracking in dynamic environments,flight safety and coordination,resource management and energy efficiency,the paper identifies future research directions aimed at improving the performance,reliability,and scalability of UAV tracking system.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222904 and 52309117)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0168 and 2023M731895).
文摘Ocean energy has progressively gained considerable interest due to its sufficient potential to meet the world’s energy demand,and the blade is the core component in electricity generation from the ocean current.However,the widened hydraulic excitation frequency may satisfy the blade resonance due to the time variation in the velocity and angle of attack of the ocean current,even resulting in blade fatigue and destructively interfering with grid stability.A key parameter that determines the resonance amplitude of the blade is the hydrodynamic damping ratio(HDR).However,HDR is difficult to obtain due to the complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI).Therefore,a literature review was conducted on the hydrodynamic damping characteristics of blade-like structures.The experimental and simulation methods used to identify and obtain the HDR quantitatively were described,placing emphasis on the experimental processes and simulation setups.Moreover,the accuracy and efficiency of different simulation methods were compared,and the modal work approach was recommended.The effects of key typical parameters,including flow velocity,angle of attack,gap,rotational speed,and cavitation,on the HDR were then summarized,and the suggestions on operating conditions were presented from the perspective of increasing the HDR.Subsequently,considering multiple flow parameters,several theoretical derivations and semi-empirical prediction formulas for HDR were introduced,and the accuracy and application were discussed.Based on the shortcomings of the existing research,the direction of future research was finally determined.The current work offers a clear understanding of the HDR of blade-like structures,which could improve the evaluation accuracy of flow-induced vibration in the design stage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274675&82074573)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7232278).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of“Three Methods and Three Acupoints”(TMTP)Tuina therapy on spinal microcirculation in sciatic nerve injury(SNI).Methods:Thirty-six SpragueeDawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups:normal,sham operation,model,and TMTP Tuina.Successful model induction was confirmed by observable hind limb lameness.After 20 sessions,hind limb grip strength and motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV)were measured at baseline and following the 10th and 20th intervention.CD31 and a-SMA in the ventral horn of SNI model rats were detected using immunofluorescence.Motor neurons in the ventral horn were detected by Nissl staining.PTEN levels in the ventral horn were measured by ELISA,and PI3K,Akt,BDNF,VEGF,and HIF-1a expression was determined by RT-PCR.Spinal cord microcirculation was evaluated by western blotting analysis of the levels of Akt,p-Akt,BDNF,and VEGF.Results:Hind limb grip strength and MNCV significantly improved in the TMTP Tuina group compared to the model group(both P<.001).Morphology of ventral horn motor neurons in the TMTP Tuina group improved compared to the model group,with increased expressions of a-SMA(P=.002)and CD31(P=.006).Western blot analysis indicated increased expression of VEGF(P=.005),p-Akt(P<.001),and BDNF(P=.008)in the ventral horn following Tuina treatment.RT-PCR analysis revealed increased expression of PI3K,Akt,BDNF,VEGF and HIF-1a(all P<.05).In contrast,expression of PTEN decreased compared to the model group(P<.001).Conclusion:TMTP Tuina therapy may restore motor function in rats,enhance ventral horn motor neuron morphology,and promote angiogenesis and vascular smooth muscle proliferation.The mechanism may involve the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1605000)the National Natural Science Foundation(1872904)。
文摘Increasing incidences showed that food allergies have attracted more and more attention from researchers.BALB/c mice were sensitized with wheat gluten combined with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant via intraperitoneal injection,transdermal sensitization,and oral gavage sensitization route.Results showed that all the three sensitization methods could induce allergic symptoms;increase the serum antibody(total immunoglobulin E(IgE),specific IgE,IgG,IgA)and histamine content;promote the secretion of Th2 cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,IL-13)and inflammatory factors(IL-6,IL-17 A,IL-10);and inhibit the production of Th1 cytokines(IFN-γ,IL-2).However,the allergic symptoms of mice sensitized by intraperitoneal injection were the most obvious among the three models.The level of serum antibodies in intraperitoneal injection group was significantly higher than control.Subsequently,16 S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the intestinal flora of mice.The results showed that the abundance of Firmicutes in the wheat protein sensitized group was lower than that in the normal group,while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was higher,and Lactobacillus was the difference marker in normal group.Bacterial species diversity analysis showed that the species richness and diversity of intestinal flora in mice were decreased,the difference between mice induced by intraperitoneal injection and normal control group mice was the most significant.Taken together,these results show that among three sensitization methods used to build a mouse model with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant,intraperitoneal injection is the comparably best way to build a mouse sensitization mode.
