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Novel optimized routing algorithm for LEO satellite IP networks 被引量:8
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作者 Zihe Gao Qing Guo Zhenyu Na 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2011年第6期917-925,共9页
A lot of routing algorithms have been proposed for low earth orbit(LEO) satellite IP networks in recent years,but most of them cannot achieve global optimization.The dynamic characters of LEO satellite networks are ... A lot of routing algorithms have been proposed for low earth orbit(LEO) satellite IP networks in recent years,but most of them cannot achieve global optimization.The dynamic characters of LEO satellite networks are reflected in two aspects:topology and traffic change.The algorithms mentioned above are "hard routing" which only realize local optimization.A distributed soft routing algorithm combined with multi-agent system(MASSR) is proposed.In MASSR,mobile agents are used to gather routing information actively,and blackboard is introduced to achieve direct information exchange between agents.MASSR provides traffic adaptive routing and tracks the change of LEO satellite network topology.The performance of ant colony optimization(ACO) and MASSR are compared in Iridium constellation,and MASSR presents better end-to-end delay as well as enhanced robustness. 展开更多
关键词 distributed routing multi-agent system(MAS) satellite ip networks.
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A FUZZY-LOGIC CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR ACTIVE QUEUE MANAGEMENT IN IP NETWORKS 被引量:10
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作者 Liu Weiyan Zhang Shunyi +1 位作者 Zhang Mu Liu Tao 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2008年第1期102-107,共6页
Active Queue Management (AQM) is an active research area in the Internet community. Random Early Detection (RED) is a typical AQM algorithm, but it is known that it is difficult to configure its parameters and its ave... Active Queue Management (AQM) is an active research area in the Internet community. Random Early Detection (RED) is a typical AQM algorithm, but it is known that it is difficult to configure its parameters and its average queue length is closely related to the load level. This paper proposes an effective fuzzy congestion control algorithm based on fuzzy logic which uses the pre- dominance of fuzzy logic to deal with uncertain events. The main advantage of this new congestion control algorithm is that it discards the packet dropping mechanism of RED, and calculates packet loss according to a preconfigured fuzzy logic by using the queue length and the buffer usage ratio. Theo- retical analysis and Network Simulator (NS) simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves more throughput and more stable queue length than traditional schemes. It really improves a router's ability in network congestion control in IP network. 展开更多
关键词 Congestion control Fuzzy logic AQM (Active Queue Management) RED (Random Early Detection) ip network
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Design and verification of a satellite-terrestrial integrated IP network model for the Global Energy Interconnection 被引量:3
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作者 Yun Liang Yao Wang +3 位作者 Li Huang Jun Ma Xiaolu Chen Jingtao Huang 《Global Energy Interconnection》 2019年第6期497-504,共8页
In order to meet the pressing demand for wide-area communication required by the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI),accelerating the construction of satellite-terrestrial Integra怕d networks that can achieve network e... In order to meet the pressing demand for wide-area communication required by the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI),accelerating the construction of satellite-terrestrial Integra怕d networks that can achieve network extension and seamless global coverage has become the focus of power communication tech no logy development.In this study,we propose a satellite-terrestrial integrated network model that can support interconnection and interoperation on the IP layer between the satellite system and the怕rrestrial segment of the existing power communication system.First,the composition and function of the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network are explained.Then,the IP-based protocol stack is described,and a typical applicati on experime nt is con ducted to illustrate the particular process of this protocol stack.Fin ally,a use case of IP interconn ection that depends on GEO satellite communication is detailed.The experime ntal study has showed that the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network can efficiently support various IP applications for the GEI. 展开更多
关键词 Global Energy Interconnection(GEI) Satellite-terrestrial integrated network ip network
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A WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA TRANSMISSION CONTROL AlGORITHM OVER HETEROGENEOUS IP NETWORKS
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作者 Zhao Haitao Dong Yuning +1 位作者 Zhang Hui Li Yang 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2010年第1期29-36,共8页
In this paper,an algorithm Wireless Multimedia Transmission Control(WMTC) is proposed for multimedia transmission control over wired-wireless networks.The relationship between packet length and packet loss rate in the... In this paper,an algorithm Wireless Multimedia Transmission Control(WMTC) is proposed for multimedia transmission control over wired-wireless networks.The relationship between packet length and packet loss rate in the Gilbert wireless error model is investigated.Furthermore,the algorithm can detect the nature of packet losses by sending large and small packets alternately,and control the sending rate of nodes.In addition,by means of updating factor K,this algorithm can adapt to the changes of network states quickly.Compared with previous algorithms,simulation results show that WMTC can both improve the networks throughput of multimedia transmissions and reduce the congestion loss rate in various situations. 展开更多
关键词 Wireless ip networks Quality of Service(QoS) Congestion control Random loss
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Research on the Method of Implementing Named Data Network Interconnection Based on IP Network
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作者 Yabin Xu Lufa Qin Xiaowei Xu 《Journal of Cyber Security》 2022年第1期41-55,共15页
In order to extend the application scope of NDN and realize the transmission of different NDNs across IP networks,a method for interconnecting NDN networks distributed in different areas with IP networks is proposed.F... In order to extend the application scope of NDN and realize the transmission of different NDNs across IP networks,a method for interconnecting NDN networks distributed in different areas with IP networks is proposed.Firstly,the NDN data resource is located by means of the DNS mechanism,and the gateway IP address of the NDN network where the data resource is located is found.Then,the transmission between different NDNs across the IP network is implemented based on the tunnel technology.In addition,in order to achieve efficient and fast NDN data forwarding,we have added a small number of NDN service nodes in the IP network,and proposed an adaptive probabilistic forwarding strategy and a link cost function-based forwarding strategy to make NDN data obtaining the cache service provided by the NDN service node as much as possible.The results of analysis and simulation experiments show that,the interconnectionmethod of NDN across IP network proposed is generally effective and feasible,and the link cost function forwarding strategy is better than the adaptive probability forwarding strategy. 展开更多
关键词 NDN ip network named data network interconnection adaptive probability forwarding strategy link cost function forwarding strategy
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Core-based Shared Tree Multicast Routing Algorithms for LEO Satellite IP Networks
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作者 Cheng Lianzhen Zhang Jun Liu Kai 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第4期353-361,共9页
A new core-based shared tree algorithm,viz core-cluster combination-based shared tree(CCST)algorithm and the weighted version(i.e.w-CCST algorithm)are proposed in order to resolve the channel resources waste problem i... A new core-based shared tree algorithm,viz core-cluster combination-based shared tree(CCST)algorithm and the weighted version(i.e.w-CCST algorithm)are proposed in order to resolve the channel resources waste problem in typical source-based multicast routing algorithms in low earth orbit(LEO)satellite IP networks.The CCST algorithm includes the dynamic approximate center(DAC)core selection method and the core-cluster combination multicast route construction scheme.Without complicated onboard computation,the DAC method is uniquely developed for highly dynamic networks of periodical and regular movement.The core-cluster combination method takes core node as the initial core-cluster,and expands it stepwise to construct an entire multicast tree at the lowest tree cost by a shortest path scheme between the newly-generated core-cluster and surplus group members,which results in great bandwidth utilization.Moreover,the w-CCST algorithm is able to strike a balance between performance of tree cost and that of end-to-end propagation delay by adjusting the weighted factor to meet strict end-to-end delay requirements of some real-time multicast services at the expense of a slight increase in tree cost.Finally,performance comparison is conducted between the proposed algorithms and typical algorithms in LEO satellite IP networks.Simulation results show that the CCST algorithm significantly decreases the average tree cost against to the others,and also the average end-to-end propagation delay ofw-CCST algorithm is lower than that of the CCST algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 satellite ip networks LEO multicast routing shared tree core
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Mobility and QoS Support in Mobile IP Networks 被引量:12
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作者 DUANLian WUWei-ling 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 EI CSCD 2004年第1期60-67,共8页
This paper presents the state of the art of the Quality of Service (QoS) and mobility support mechanisms for mobile IP networks, which includes the issues and challenges in QoS support, an overview of the Mobile IP pr... This paper presents the state of the art of the Quality of Service (QoS) and mobility support mechanisms for mobile IP networks, which includes the issues and challenges in QoS support, an overview of the Mobile IP protocol, a general description of the QoS and Mobility framework, and the End-To-End QoS architecture in the next-generation all-IP mobile network. 展开更多
关键词 QOS MOBILITY mobile ip network
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QoS routing based on mobile agent for LEO satellite IP networks 被引量:3
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作者 RAO Yuan,WANG Ru-chuan College of Computer,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 230001,China 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 EI CSCD 2009年第6期57-63,共7页
Current quality of service(QoS) routing schemes for low earth orbit(LEO) satellites IP networks either neglect the varying population density or fail to guarantee end-to-end delay.As a remedy,QoS routing protocol ... Current quality of service(QoS) routing schemes for low earth orbit(LEO) satellites IP networks either neglect the varying population density or fail to guarantee end-to-end delay.As a remedy,QoS routing protocol based on mobile agent(QoSRP-MA) is proposed.QoSRP-MA is a source-based routing protocol.Once connection requests arrive,QoS mobile agents are dispatched from ingress satellite to explore routes,which migrate using satellite routing tables.Upon arriving in egress satellite,QoS mobile agents migrate back towards ingress satellite to reserve bandwidth.To construct satellite routing tables,load balancing routing algorithm based on mobile agent(LBRA-MA) is presented.In LBRP-MA,at regular intervals mobile agents launched on all satellites migrate autonomously to evaluate path cost and update routing tables.Moreover,path cost between source and destination is evaluated considering satellite geographical position as well as inter-satellite link(ISL) cost.Furthermore,ISL congestion index is considered to update routing table.Through simulations on a Courier-like constellation,it shows that QoSRP-MA can achieve guaranteed end-to-end delay bound with higher throughput,lower connection failing ratio and signaling overhead compared to high performance satellite routing(HPSR) scheme. 展开更多
关键词 QoS routing load balancing mobile agent satellite ip networks
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Photonic MPLS Network Technologies to Create Bandwidth-Abundant IP Networks
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作者 Atsushi Watanabe 《光学学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第S1期665-666,共2页
This paper describes the prototypes of the Photonic MPLS router that can create bandwidth-abundant IP networks in a cost-effective manner. The characteristics of and recent advances in these prototypes are also descri... This paper describes the prototypes of the Photonic MPLS router that can create bandwidth-abundant IP networks in a cost-effective manner. The characteristics of and recent advances in these prototypes are also described. 展开更多
关键词 MPLS on ET in OLSP Photonic MPLS network Technologies to Create Bandwidth-Abundant ip networks ip
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人工智能技术赋能的数字孪生IP网络研究及应用探讨 被引量:2
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作者 庞冉 石鸿伟 +3 位作者 苏琛 薛金明 吕文祥 程智炜 《邮电设计技术》 2025年第3期25-30,共6页
为解决IP承载网络运维复杂、优化策略效率低和网络管理智能化低等问题,从国家政策、行业标准、产业实践和学术研究等方面系统分析人工智能技术与数字孪生网络的发展现状,提出面向IP承载网的基于人工智能的数字孪生网络体系架构,深入研... 为解决IP承载网络运维复杂、优化策略效率低和网络管理智能化低等问题,从国家政策、行业标准、产业实践和学术研究等方面系统分析人工智能技术与数字孪生网络的发展现状,提出面向IP承载网的基于人工智能的数字孪生网络体系架构,深入研究人工智能技术与数字孪生网络结合的关键能力,同时对人工智能技术如何提升数字孪生网络的建模精度、赋能承载网络的运维管理以及提升网络优化效率的典型应用进行探讨。 展开更多
关键词 数字孪生网络 人工智能 ip承载网 智能决策
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基于动态限制策略的SDN中IP欺骗攻击缓解技术
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作者 王坤 付钰 +2 位作者 段雪源 刘涛涛 周静华 《海军工程大学学报》 北大核心 2025年第2期9-16,25,共9页
针对传统的IP欺骗攻击缓解方法存在运算开销大、缺乏灵活性等问题,提出了一种基于动态限制策略的软件定义网络(software defined network,SDN)中IP欺骗攻击缓解方法。首先,利用Packet-In消息中三元组信息回溯攻击路径,定位IP欺骗攻击源... 针对传统的IP欺骗攻击缓解方法存在运算开销大、缺乏灵活性等问题,提出了一种基于动态限制策略的软件定义网络(software defined network,SDN)中IP欺骗攻击缓解方法。首先,利用Packet-In消息中三元组信息回溯攻击路径,定位IP欺骗攻击源头主机;然后,由控制器制定动态限制策略对连接攻击源头主机的交换机端口的新流转发功能进行限制,待限制期满再恢复其转发新流的功能,限制期的大小随着被检测为攻击源的次数而增长。研究结果表明:这种动态的限制策略可阻隔攻击流进入SDN网络,从而有效避免SDN交换机、控制器以及链路过载;由于在限制期间无需再对这些限制的交换机端口进行实时监测,该方法在应对长时攻击时较传统方法具有更高的缓解效率和更少的资源消耗。 展开更多
关键词 软件定义网络 ip欺骗 攻击溯源 动态缓解
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考虑网络效应的文化IP众筹出版策略研究
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作者 王小芳 刘洁 《北京印刷学院学报》 2025年第5期37-44,共8页
在数字经济时代,众筹出版成为传统出版业与互联网、金融业深度融合的热门商业模式。出版众筹项目的设计需要考虑两个关键因素:出版物内在的文化IP价值与粉丝经济。基于众筹出版物的文化IP属性,以文化IP本身的价值代表众筹出版物的基础质... 在数字经济时代,众筹出版成为传统出版业与互联网、金融业深度融合的热门商业模式。出版众筹项目的设计需要考虑两个关键因素:出版物内在的文化IP价值与粉丝经济。基于众筹出版物的文化IP属性,以文化IP本身的价值代表众筹出版物的基础质量,考虑粉丝经济即网络效应对需求的影响,在网络经济学的理论框架下,构建众筹出版商与两类消费者之间的三阶段博弈模型,分析众筹出版物的品质、价格、筹资金额等变量的最优决策问题。根据文化IP价值高低与粉丝经济中网络效应的强弱,划分出经典、流行、小众、新兴四种类型文化IP的众筹项目,并结合摩点网中部分出版众筹案例,分别探讨四类众筹项目的特点和策略重点,并为出版众筹商提供相应的策略建议。 展开更多
关键词 众筹出版 文化ip 粉丝经济 网络效应
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Aviation-oriented Mobility Management Method in IP/LEO Satellite Networks
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作者 郭欣 张军 +1 位作者 张涛 丁演文 《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2008年第3期252-260,共9页
Taking into chief consideration the features of aviation nodes in satellite networks, such as high moving speed, long communication distance, and high connection frequency, this article proposes an aviation-oriented m... Taking into chief consideration the features of aviation nodes in satellite networks, such as high moving speed, long communication distance, and high connection frequency, this article proposes an aviation-oriented mobility management method for IP/low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. By introducing the concept of ground station real-time coverage area, the proposed method uses ground-station-based IP addressing method and cell paging scheme to decrease the frequency of IP binding update requests as well as the paging cost. In comparison with the paging mobile IP (P-MIP) method and the handover-independent IP mobility management method, as is verified by the mathematical analysis and simulation, the proposed method could decrease the management cost. It also possesses better ability to support the aviation nodes because it is subjected to fewer influences from increased node speeds and newly coming connection rates. 展开更多
关键词 mobility management ip address binding update ground station management aviation node ip/LEO satellite networks
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Integrating QoS Management in TLMM:Three Level Mobility Model for Next Generation Wireless IP-Based Networks 被引量:2
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作者 M.Chakraborty I.S.Misra A.Mukherjee 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2008年第3期125-139,共15页
In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wirel... In this paper we have designed an implemented an integrated framework of QoS for Three Level Mobility Model(TLMM),which has been recently proved to be the optimal mobility management solution for next generation wireless IP-based networks.The QoS solution uses a combination of IntServ and DiffServ models incorporated in TLMM architecture.The paper also proposes an effi cient dynamic handover policy that takes care of false handover.Simulation and analytical results have shown that this infrastructure guarantees eff icient QoS handling and scalability among end users.To provide a comparative understanding of the QoS mechanism and signaling load of TLMM we have used TeleMIP(without QoS support) and MIP as alternative mobility management protocols. 展开更多
关键词 QOS NGN WIRELESS ip network
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IP Network Management Model Based on NGOSS 被引量:3
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作者 ZHANG Jin-yu LI Hong-hui LIU Feng 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 EI CSCD 2004年第z1期107-111,共5页
This paper addresses a management model for IP network based on Next Generation Operation Support System (NGOSS). It makes the network management on the base of all the operation actions of ISP, It provides QoS to use... This paper addresses a management model for IP network based on Next Generation Operation Support System (NGOSS). It makes the network management on the base of all the operation actions of ISP, It provides QoS to user service through the whole path by providing end-to-end Service Level Agreements (SLA) management through whole path. Based on web and coordination technology, this paper gives an implement architecture of this model. 展开更多
关键词 ip QOS network management NGOSS
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客户端独立的IP地理定位研究综述 被引量:1
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作者 林金磊 李城龙 +3 位作者 宋光磊 樊琳娜 王之梁 杨家海 《软件学报》 北大核心 2025年第1期321-340,共20页
准确、快速地获取IP地理定位信息对于各种网络应用而言至关重要.IP地理定位指将互联网实体的IP地址转换为其地理位置的技术.然而,互联网规模的迅速扩大和互联网应用的快速发展,给IP地理定位研究带来了巨大的挑战.首先,复杂的网络结构和... 准确、快速地获取IP地理定位信息对于各种网络应用而言至关重要.IP地理定位指将互联网实体的IP地址转换为其地理位置的技术.然而,互联网规模的迅速扩大和互联网应用的快速发展,给IP地理定位研究带来了巨大的挑战.首先,复杂的网络结构和网络环境导致IP定位技术的精确度远远无法满足实际的应用需求.其次,IP地理定位在各个领域的作用日益凸显,如何精准、高效、可靠地计算互联网主机的地理位置正在成为各行关注的焦点.因此,通过设备的IP地址对其进行地理定位以支撑复杂的上层应用尤为重要.自2001年以来,学术界和工业界围绕上述问题开展了大量的研究.系统地梳理客户端独立的IP地理定位方面的相关工作,系统地整理基于网络测量的IP地理定位研究分类方法.根据定位数据是否由主动测量产生,将相关研究分为主动的IP定位技术、被动的IP定位技术和主被动结合的IP定位技术.进一步,对每一类方法进行更细粒度的分类并分析其主要的优缺点.在此基础上,总结IP地理定位领域的最新进展和研究挑战,并展望其未来发展方向. 展开更多
关键词 网络测量 ip地理定位 地理定位地标
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A Study of the Next Generation Intelligent Networks Interworking with IP Networks 被引量:2
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作者 CHEN Jun directed by CHEN Jun liang 《The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications》 EI CSCD 2001年第4期80-80,共1页
In the past three years, the author has participated in several projects involved in Intelligent Network (IN). In 1997, we started our research on the project 'The Integration of IN and B ISDN' supported by N... In the past three years, the author has participated in several projects involved in Intelligent Network (IN). In 1997, we started our research on the project 'The Integration of IN and B ISDN' supported by National Science Foundation. Since 1999, the author has engaged in the project 'the Next Generation IN Based Service Platform Interworking with IP Networks' supported by the National 863 Project. While working on the project, the author made a deep research on the architecture and the key technology of the next generation IN defined by ITU T IN CS3 and CS4. In the following parts. 1. I conclude the research work and the innovation in my dissertation. The early research on the interworking of IN and Internet, despite the shortage of materials, the interworking architecture by means of IAF is analyzed. Some key techniques like triggering intelligent service and reporting dynamic IP address are solved. Some new SIBs and INAPs are added, and the dial up software of users is enhanced, too. The incoming call notification service is designed. What we have done paves the way for the future research. 2. The gateway based architecture for the interworking of IN and Internet is described. Considering the research results from ITU, PINT work group and TIPHON work group, we emphasize that the interworking scenario through MG,SCG and C/BG is promising. Based on the CIN software developed by ourselves, we provide the scenario to enhance the function entities and signaling protocol. We address the function of entities and the interaction of signaling with an example like ICW service. 3. With the introduction of mobile agent technology, the author proposes the distributed IN which can be integrated with IP networks. According to the drawbacks of the centralized IN, we address the architecture and conceptual model of distributed IN to support advanced service in IP Telephony. We try to illustrate the role and relationship between function entities. We also present a smooth evolution scenario from today's networks. 4. A novel service control software based on mobile agent technology is proposed. With the adiquately understanding of CIN 02 SCP, we present the OO based framework of MA SCP. And we explore how our new SCP works. We prove that our solution can work efficiently by a service called VPN in IP Telephony. 5. The concept, architecture and related research of active networks are introduced. We take the ticket order service as an example, give the simulation results and prove that active networks can improve the performance of distributed applications. We also compare active networks with mobile agent based IN. We highlight that the two techniques can complement each other and borrow lessons from the other one. 6. The architecture of Broadband IN is discussed. From the angles of architecture, access mode and software structure, a novel B IP that can support multimedia services such as VoD and B VPN is given. Moreover, B IP is introduced into VoD service. To improve the performance of VoD, we present a novel replacement algorithm with the multi layer decision with multi factors. 展开更多
关键词 intelligent network ip telephony mobile agent
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Using TCP/IP Programming to Realize the Communication among Different Network Platforms 被引量:1
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作者 ZHANGChang-li SHENWei-zheng FANGJun-long 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2004年第1期77-79,共3页
This paper mainly introduces about how to use socket to design network program which can transfer data in different network platform in terms of TCP/IP Network Programming Standard.
关键词 TCP/ip SOCKET network Programming
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云化IP城域网vBRAS可靠性研究 被引量:1
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作者 林在峰 张文强 +2 位作者 杨冰 龚霞 朱永庆 《中兴通讯技术》 北大核心 2025年第3期68-74,共7页
中国电信云化IP城域网自2020年大规模商用以来,宽带业务网元从传统的多业务边缘设备(MSE)架构逐步演进为集中池化部署的云化虚拟宽带远程接入服务器(vBRAS)架构。然而,vBRAS集中池化部署的可靠性研究缺乏理论验证。聚焦于量化城域网部... 中国电信云化IP城域网自2020年大规模商用以来,宽带业务网元从传统的多业务边缘设备(MSE)架构逐步演进为集中池化部署的云化虚拟宽带远程接入服务器(vBRAS)架构。然而,vBRAS集中池化部署的可靠性研究缺乏理论验证。聚焦于量化城域网部署模式的核心机制,深入剖析业务故障类型,建立了vBRAS及MSE部署模式的可靠性概率模型,同时辅以严格的数理公式推导。创新性地提出以故障概率与受灾用户数的概率分布作为可靠性量化指标,并结合数理模型与当前现网部署实例进行分析。研究结果表明,云化vBRAS部署模式在可靠性与成本效能方面均显著优于传统MSE部署模式,为后续城域网建设提供了理论支持。 展开更多
关键词 可靠性 云化ip 城域网 池化 vBRAS 概率论
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Network Resource Provisioning for IP over Multi-Granular Optical Networks
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作者 孙建伟 POO Gee-Swee 《Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology》 EI CAS 2007年第2期157-162,共6页
In the internet protocol(IP) over multi-granular optical switch network (IP/MG-OXC), the network node is a typical multilayer switch comprising several layers, the IP packet switching (PXC) layer, wavelength swi... In the internet protocol(IP) over multi-granular optical switch network (IP/MG-OXC), the network node is a typical multilayer switch comprising several layers, the IP packet switching (PXC) layer, wavelength switching (WXC) layer and fiber switching (FXC) layer. This network is capable of both IP layer grooming and wavelength grooming in a hierarchical manner. Resource provisioning in the multi-granular network paradigm is called hierarchical grooming problem. An integer linear programming (ILP) model is proposed to formulate the problem. An iterative heuristic approach is developed for solving the problem in large networks. Case study shows that IP/MG-OXC network is much more extendible and can significantly save the overall network cost as compared with IP over wavelength division multiplexing network. 展开更多
关键词 hierarchical traffic grooming multilayer switch network ip over multi-granular optical network ip/MG-OXC) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical switch cross-connect (OXC)
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