Particle-in-cell (PIC) method has got much benefits from GPU-accelerated heterogeneous systems.However,the performance of PIC is constrained by the interpolation operations in the weighting process on GPU (graphic pro...Particle-in-cell (PIC) method has got much benefits from GPU-accelerated heterogeneous systems.However,the performance of PIC is constrained by the interpolation operations in the weighting process on GPU (graphic processing unit).Aiming at this problem,a fast weighting method for PIC simulation on GPU-accelerated systems was proposed to avoid the atomic memory operations during the weighting process.The method was implemented by taking advantage of GPU's thread synchronization mechanism and dividing the problem space properly.Moreover,software managed shared memory on the GPU was employed to buffer the intermediate data.The experimental results show that the method achieves speedups up to 3.5 times compared to previous works,and runs 20.08 times faster on one NVIDIA Tesla M2090 GPU compared to a single core of Intel Xeon X5670 CPU.展开更多
Two modes of heterogeneous photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 are described. The occurrence of isomerization on the substrate bounded to the polymeric support gives us the possibility in successi...Two modes of heterogeneous photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 are described. The occurrence of isomerization on the substrate bounded to the polymeric support gives us the possibility in succession synthesis of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3. The polymer-bound anthracene can sensitize isomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 efficiently and ease the separation process.展开更多
The capacities of the nodes in the peer-to-peer system are strongly heterogeneous, hence one can benefit from distributing the load, based on the capacity of the nodes. At first a model is discussed to evaluate the lo...The capacities of the nodes in the peer-to-peer system are strongly heterogeneous, hence one can benefit from distributing the load, based on the capacity of the nodes. At first a model is discussed to evaluate the load balancing of the heterogeneous system, and then a novel load balancing scheme is proposed based on the concept of logical servers and the randomized binary tree, and theoretical guarantees are given. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme using extensive simulations is proven.展开更多
For large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs)with characteristics of dense-sparse mixed distribution,this paper investigates the practical finite-time deployment problem by establishing a novel crossspecies ...For large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs)with characteristics of dense-sparse mixed distribution,this paper investigates the practical finite-time deployment problem by establishing a novel crossspecies bionic analytical framework based on the partial differential equation-ordinary differential equation(PDE-ODE)approach.Specifically,by designing a specialized network communication protocol and employing the spatial continuum method for densely distributed agents,this paper models the tracking errors of densely distributed agents as a PDE equivalent to a human disease transmission model,and that of sparsely distributed agents as several ODEs equivalent to the predator population models.The coupling relationship between the PDE and ODE models is established through boundary conditions of the PDE,thereby forming a PDE-ODE-based tracking error model for the considered MASs.Furthermore,by integrating adaptive neural control scheme with the aforementioned biological models,a“Flexible Neural Network”endowed with adaptive and self-stabilized capabilities is constructed,which acts upon the considered MASs,enabling their practical finite-time deployment.Finally,effectiveness of the developed approach is illustrated through a numerical example.展开更多
Approximately 30%of the global population struggles with access to potable water,and 60%lacks adequate sanitation.Effective disinfection is crucial,however,heterogeneous systems,despite their benefits,often exhibit lo...Approximately 30%of the global population struggles with access to potable water,and 60%lacks adequate sanitation.Effective disinfection is crucial,however,heterogeneous systems,despite their benefits,often exhibit lower efficacy compared to homogeneous method,presenting a significant challenge[1].In heterogeneous catalysis,photocatalytic disinfection holds immense promise for various applications.However,two key factors significantly impact the efficacy of photocatalytic disinfection:the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs)by the photocatalyst and the interaction between ROS and bacteria.展开更多
Hydroformylation of olefins is one of the highest-volume industrial reactions to meet the vast demands for aldehydes as well as their derivatives.Homogeneous Co complexes were the original catalysts industrialized sin...Hydroformylation of olefins is one of the highest-volume industrial reactions to meet the vast demands for aldehydes as well as their derivatives.Homogeneous Co complexes were the original catalysts industrialized since 1960s.Heterogeneous catalysis is considered superior owing to the facile separation of catalysts from products,shorter technical process,and reduced manufacturing costs.Unexpectedly,there has not been a single case of plant using heterogenized Co-based catalyst successfully.To address the separation issue and understand the catalytic mechanism of the reactions,this review summarizes the progress in heterogeneous systems and provides a detailed discussion of their catalytic performance.Strategies for stabilizing Co species through support modification and additive incorporation are carefully considered to elucidate why heterogeneous systems have not yet succeeded on an industrial scale.Furthermore,we provide our insights for the development of heterogeneous catalytic hydroformylation,including the challenges,opportunities,and outlooks.The aim is to deepen the fundamental understanding of heterogeneous alkene hydroformylation,guiding the community's research efforts towards realizing its successful application in the future.展开更多
This paper mainly focuses on the velocity-constrained consensus problem of discrete-time heterogeneous multi-agent systems with nonconvex constraints and arbitrarily switching topologies,where each agent has first-ord...This paper mainly focuses on the velocity-constrained consensus problem of discrete-time heterogeneous multi-agent systems with nonconvex constraints and arbitrarily switching topologies,where each agent has first-order or second-order dynamics.To solve this problem,a distributed algorithm is proposed based on a contraction operator.By employing the properties of the stochastic matrix,it is shown that all agents’position states could converge to a common point and second-order agents’velocity states could remain in corresponding nonconvex constraint sets and converge to zero as long as the joint communication topology has one directed spanning tree.Finally,the numerical simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
This paper investigates the observer-based prescribed-time time-varying output formation-containment(PT-TV-OFC)control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems in which the different agents have different state d...This paper investigates the observer-based prescribed-time time-varying output formation-containment(PT-TV-OFC)control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems in which the different agents have different state dimensions.The system comprises one tracking leader,multiple formation leaders,and followers,where two types of leaders are used to generate a reference trajectory for movement and achieve specific formation,respectively.Firstly,a prescribed-time dynamics observer is constructed for the formation leaders to estimate the tracking leader's dynamic model and state.On this basis,a prescribed-time control protocol is designed for the formation leaders to achieve time-varying output formation.Then,a prescribed-time convex hull observer is designed for the followers to estimate information regarding the convex hull formed by the formation leaders.Using the estimated convex hull information,a prescribed-time containment control protocol is designed to ensure the followers converge into the convex hull.Furthermore,using Lyapunov stability theory,the stability of systems is proved in detail,which implies that the heterogeneous multi-agent systems can achieve PT-TV-OFC control.Finally,numerical simulations validate the feasibility of the theoretical results.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present so...Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems.展开更多
In this paper, distributed event-triggered performance constraint control is proposed for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems (HMASs) including quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles in the prese...In this paper, distributed event-triggered performance constraint control is proposed for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems (HMASs) including quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles in the presence of unknown external disturbances. To tackle the problem of different dynamic characteristics and facilitate the controller design, the virtual variable is introduced in the z axis of the nonlinear model of unmanned ground vehicles. By using this approach, a universal model is established for the HMAS. Moreover, a distributed disturbance observer is established to cope with the adverse influence of the external disturbances. Then, an Appointed-Time Prescribed Performance Function (ATPPF) is designed to restrict the tracking error in the predefined regions. On this basis, the distributed performance constraint controller is proposed for the HMAS based on the ATPPF and the distributed disturbance observer. Furthermore, the improved event-triggered mechanism is proposed with a dynamic threshold, which depends on the distance between the tracking error and the boundary of the ATPPF. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the comparative experiments on an HMAS.展开更多
This paper studies a cooperative relay transmission system within the framework of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Frequency/Underwater Optical Wireless Communication(MIMO-RF/UOWC),aiming to establish sea-based h...This paper studies a cooperative relay transmission system within the framework of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Frequency/Underwater Optical Wireless Communication(MIMO-RF/UOWC),aiming to establish sea-based heterogeneous networks.In this setup,the RF links obey κ-μ fading,while the UOWC links undergo the generalized Gamma fading with the pointing error impairments.The relay operates under an Amplify-and-Forward(AF)protocol.Additionally,the attenuation caused by the Absorption and Scattering(AaS)is considered in UOWC links.The work yields precise results for the Average Channel Capacity(ACC),Outage Probability(OP),and average Bit Error Rate(BER).Furthermore,to reveal deeper insights,bounds on the ACC and asymptotic results for the OP and average BER are derived.The findings highlight the superior performance of MIMO-RF/UOWC AF systems compared to Single-Input-Single-Output(SISO)-RF/UOWC AF systems.Various factors affecting the Diversity Gain(DG)of the MIMO-RF/UOWC AF system include the number of antennas/apertures,fading parameters of both links,and pointing error parameters.Moreover,while an increase in the AaS effect can result in significant attenuation,it does not determine the achievable DG of the proposed MIMO-RF/UOWC AF relaying system.展开更多
Dear Editor,Aiming at the consensus tracking problem of a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems(MASs)with input constraints,a novel data-driven iterative learning consensus control(ILCC)protocol ...Dear Editor,Aiming at the consensus tracking problem of a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems(MASs)with input constraints,a novel data-driven iterative learning consensus control(ILCC)protocol based on zeroing neural networks(ZNNs)is proposed.First,a dynamic linearization data model(DLDM)is acquired via dynamic linearization technology(DLT).展开更多
A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without in...A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most molecularly heterogeneous malignancies,with complexity that extends far beyond traditional histopathological classifications.The consensus molecular subtypes(CMS)established in...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most molecularly heterogeneous malignancies,with complexity that extends far beyond traditional histopathological classifications.The consensus molecular subtypes(CMS)established in 2015 brought a marked advancement in the taxonomy of CRC,consolidating six classification systems into four novel subtypes,which focus on vital gene expression patterns and clinical and prognostic outcomes.However,nearly a decade of clinical experience with CMS classification has revealed fundamental limitations that underscore the inadequacy of any single classification system for capturing the full spectrum of CRC biology.The inherent challenges of the current paradigm are multifaceted.In the CMS classification,mixed phenotypes that remain unclassifiable constitute 13%of CRC cases.This reflects the remarkable heterogeneity that CRC shows.The tumor budding regions reflect the molecular shift due to CMS 2 to CMS 4 switching,causing further heterogeneity.Moreover,the reliance on bulk RNA sequencing fails to capture the spatial organization of molecular signatures within tumors and the critical contributions of the tumor microenvironment.Recent technological advances in spatial transcriptomics,singlecell RNA sequencing,and multi-omic integration have revealed the limitations of transcriptome-only classifications.The emergence of CRC intrinsic subtypes that attempt to remove microenvironmental contributions,pathway-derived subtypes,and stem cell-based classifications demonstrates the field’s recognition that multiple complementary classification systems are necessary.These newer molecular subtypes are not discrete categories but biological continua,thus highlighting that the vast molecular landscape is a tapestry of interlinked features,not rigid subtypes.Multiple technical hurdles cause difficulty in implementing the clinical translation of these newer molecular subtypes,including gene signature complexity,platform-dependent variations,and the difficulty of getting and preserving fresh frozen tissue.CMS 4 shows a poor prognostic outcome among the CMS subtypes,while CMS 1 is associated with poor survival in metastatic cases.However,the predictive value for definitive therapy remains subdued.Looking forward,the integration of artificial intelligence,liquid biopsy approaches,and real-time molecular monitoring promises to enable dynamic,multi-dimensional tumor characterization.The temporal and spatial complexity can only be captured by complementary molecular taxonomies rather than a single,unified system of CRC classification.Such an approach recognizes that different clinical questions–prognosis,treatment selection,resistance prediction–may require different molecular lenses,each optimized for specific clinical applications.This editorial advocates for a revolutionary change from pursuing a single“best”classification system toward a diverse approach that welcomes the molecular mosaic of CRC.Only through such comprehensive molecular characterization can we hope to achieve the promise of precision oncology for the diverse spectrum of patients with CRC.展开更多
Taxiing aircraft and towed aircraft with drawbar are two typical dispatch modes on the flight deck of aircraft carriers. In this paper, a novel hierarchical solution strategy, named as the Homogenization-Planning-Trac...Taxiing aircraft and towed aircraft with drawbar are two typical dispatch modes on the flight deck of aircraft carriers. In this paper, a novel hierarchical solution strategy, named as the Homogenization-Planning-Tracking(HPT) method, to solve cooperative autonomous motion control for heterogeneous carrier dispatch systems is developed. In the homogenization layer, any towed aircraft system involved in the sortie task is abstracted into a virtual taxiing aircraft. This layer transforms the heterogeneous systems into a homogeneous configuration. Then in the planning layer, a centralized optimal control problem is formulated for the homogeneous system. Compared with conducting the path planning directly with the original heterogeneous system, the homogenization layer contributes to reduce the dimension and nonlinearity of the formulated optimal control problem in the planning layer and consequently improves the robustness and efficiency of the solution process. Finally, in the tracking layer, a receding horizon controller is developed to track the reference trajectory obtained in the planning layer. To improve the tracking performance,multi-objective optimization techniques are implemented offline in advance to determine optimal weight parameters used in the tracking layer. Simulations demonstrate that smooth and collision-free cooperative trajectory can be generated efficiently in the planning phase. And robust trajectory tracking can be realized in the presence of external disturbances in the tracking phase.The developed HPT method provides a promising solution to the autonomous deck dispatch for unmanned carrier aircraft in the future.展开更多
In this paper, a unified design procedure is given for output synchronization of heterogeneous multi-agent systems （MAS） on communication graph topologies, using relative output measurements from neighbors. Three di...In this paper, a unified design procedure is given for output synchronization of heterogeneous multi-agent systems （MAS） on communication graph topologies, using relative output measurements from neighbors. Three different control protocols, namely, full-state feedback, static output-feedback, and dynamic output-feedback, are designed for output synchronization. It is seen that a unified design procedure for heterogeneous MAS can be given by formulation and solution of a suitable local L2-gain design problem. Sufficient conditions are developed in terms of stabilizing the local agents＇ dynamics, satisfying a certain small-gain criterion, and solving the output regulator equations. Local design procedures are presented for each agent to guarantee that these sufficient conditions are satisfied. The proposed control protocols require only one copy of the leader＇s dynamics in the compensator, regardless of the dimensions of the outputs. This results in lower-dimensional compensators for systems with high-order outputs, compared to the p-copy internal model approach. All three proposed control protocols are verified using numerical simulations.展开更多
Aim To develop a heterogeneous database united system(HDBUS)that combines the local database of Oracle, Sybase and SQL server distributed on different server into a global database,and supports the global transaction...Aim To develop a heterogeneous database united system(HDBUS)that combines the local database of Oracle, Sybase and SQL server distributed on different server into a global database,and supports the global transaction management and parallel query over the Intranet Methods In the designing and implementation of HDBUS two important concepts heterogeneous tables join. Results and Conclu- tion The first concept can be used to process the parallel query of multiple database server, the second one is the key technology of heterogeneous is the key technology of heterogeneous distribute database.展开更多
As promising optoelectronic materials,lead sulfide quantum dots(PbS QDs)have attracted great attention.However,their applications are substantially limited by the QD quality and/or complicated synthesis.Herein,a facil...As promising optoelectronic materials,lead sulfide quantum dots(PbS QDs)have attracted great attention.However,their applications are substantially limited by the QD quality and/or complicated synthesis.Herein,a facile new synthesis is developed for highly monodisperse and halide passivated PbS QDs.The new synthesis is based on a heterogeneous system containing a PbCl_(2)-Pb(OA)_(2)solid-liquid precursor solution.The solid PbCl_(2)inhibits the diffusion of monomers and maintains a high oversaturation condition for the growth of PbS QDs,resulting in high monodispersities.In addition,the PbCl_(2)gives rise to halide passivation on the PbS QDs,showing excellent stability in air.The high monodispersity and good passivation endow these PbS QDs with outstanding optoelectronic properties,demonstrated by a 9.43%power conversion efficiency of PbS QD solar cells with a bandgap of~0.95 eV(1,300 nm).We believe that this heterogeneous strategy opens up a new avenue optimizing for the synthesis and applications of QDs.展开更多
With the increasing energy consumption of computing systems and the growing advocacy for green computing, energy efficiency has become one of the critical challenges in high-performance heterogeneous computing systems...With the increasing energy consumption of computing systems and the growing advocacy for green computing, energy efficiency has become one of the critical challenges in high-performance heterogeneous computing systems. Energy consumption can be reduced by not only hardware design but also software design. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware scheduling algorithm with equalized frequency, called EASEF, for parallel applications on heterogeneous computing systems. The EASEF approach aims to minimize the finish time and overall energy consumption. First, EASEF extracts the set of paths from an application. Then, it reconstructs the application based on the extracted set of paths to achieve a reasonable schedule. Finally, it adopts a progressive way to equalize the frequency of tasks to reduce the total energy consumption of systems. Randomly generated applications and two real-world applications are examined in our experiments. Experimental results show that the EASEF algorithm outperforms two existing algorithms in terms of makespan and energy consumption.展开更多
Consensus problem is investigated for heterogeneous multi-agent systems composed of first-order agents and second-order agents in this paper. Leader-following consensus protocol is adopted to solve consensus problem o...Consensus problem is investigated for heterogeneous multi-agent systems composed of first-order agents and second-order agents in this paper. Leader-following consensus protocol is adopted to solve consensus problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with time-varying communication and input delays. By constructing Lyapunov-Krasovkii functional, sufficient consensus conditions in linear matrix inequality(LMI) form are obtained for the system under fixed interconnection topology. Moreover, consensus conditions are also obtained for the heterogeneous systems under switching topologies with time delays. Simulation examples are given to illustrate effectiveness of the results.展开更多
基金Projects(61170049,60903044)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012AA010903)supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Particle-in-cell (PIC) method has got much benefits from GPU-accelerated heterogeneous systems.However,the performance of PIC is constrained by the interpolation operations in the weighting process on GPU (graphic processing unit).Aiming at this problem,a fast weighting method for PIC simulation on GPU-accelerated systems was proposed to avoid the atomic memory operations during the weighting process.The method was implemented by taking advantage of GPU's thread synchronization mechanism and dividing the problem space properly.Moreover,software managed shared memory on the GPU was employed to buffer the intermediate data.The experimental results show that the method achieves speedups up to 3.5 times compared to previous works,and runs 20.08 times faster on one NVIDIA Tesla M2090 GPU compared to a single core of Intel Xeon X5670 CPU.
基金This work was supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program,Grant No.G2000078100the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.20172059 and Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Two modes of heterogeneous photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 are described. The occurrence of isomerization on the substrate bounded to the polymeric support gives us the possibility in succession synthesis of 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3. The polymer-bound anthracene can sensitize isomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 efficiently and ease the separation process.
基金the Electronic Development Foundation of Information Industry Ministry China (2002546).
文摘The capacities of the nodes in the peer-to-peer system are strongly heterogeneous, hence one can benefit from distributing the load, based on the capacity of the nodes. At first a model is discussed to evaluate the load balancing of the heterogeneous system, and then a novel load balancing scheme is proposed based on the concept of logical servers and the randomized binary tree, and theoretical guarantees are given. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme using extensive simulations is proven.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(2021ZD0201300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(624B2058,U1913602 and 61936004)+1 种基金the Innovation Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61821003)the 111 Project on Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Control(B18024).
文摘For large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs)with characteristics of dense-sparse mixed distribution,this paper investigates the practical finite-time deployment problem by establishing a novel crossspecies bionic analytical framework based on the partial differential equation-ordinary differential equation(PDE-ODE)approach.Specifically,by designing a specialized network communication protocol and employing the spatial continuum method for densely distributed agents,this paper models the tracking errors of densely distributed agents as a PDE equivalent to a human disease transmission model,and that of sparsely distributed agents as several ODEs equivalent to the predator population models.The coupling relationship between the PDE and ODE models is established through boundary conditions of the PDE,thereby forming a PDE-ODE-based tracking error model for the considered MASs.Furthermore,by integrating adaptive neural control scheme with the aforementioned biological models,a“Flexible Neural Network”endowed with adaptive and self-stabilized capabilities is constructed,which acts upon the considered MASs,enabling their practical finite-time deployment.Finally,effectiveness of the developed approach is illustrated through a numerical example.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202211168)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52422213,52272212)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022JQ20).
文摘Approximately 30%of the global population struggles with access to potable water,and 60%lacks adequate sanitation.Effective disinfection is crucial,however,heterogeneous systems,despite their benefits,often exhibit lower efficacy compared to homogeneous method,presenting a significant challenge[1].In heterogeneous catalysis,photocatalytic disinfection holds immense promise for various applications.However,two key factors significantly impact the efficacy of photocatalytic disinfection:the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs)by the photocatalyst and the interaction between ROS and bacteria.
文摘Hydroformylation of olefins is one of the highest-volume industrial reactions to meet the vast demands for aldehydes as well as their derivatives.Homogeneous Co complexes were the original catalysts industrialized since 1960s.Heterogeneous catalysis is considered superior owing to the facile separation of catalysts from products,shorter technical process,and reduced manufacturing costs.Unexpectedly,there has not been a single case of plant using heterogenized Co-based catalyst successfully.To address the separation issue and understand the catalytic mechanism of the reactions,this review summarizes the progress in heterogeneous systems and provides a detailed discussion of their catalytic performance.Strategies for stabilizing Co species through support modification and additive incorporation are carefully considered to elucidate why heterogeneous systems have not yet succeeded on an industrial scale.Furthermore,we provide our insights for the development of heterogeneous catalytic hydroformylation,including the challenges,opportunities,and outlooks.The aim is to deepen the fundamental understanding of heterogeneous alkene hydroformylation,guiding the community's research efforts towards realizing its successful application in the future.
基金2024 Jiangsu Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project2024 Yancheng Key Research and Development Plan(Social Development)projects,“Research and Application of Multi Agent Offline Distributed Trust Perception Virtual Wireless Sensor Network Algorithm”and“Research and Application of a New Type of Fishery Ship Safety Production Monitoring Equipment”。
文摘This paper mainly focuses on the velocity-constrained consensus problem of discrete-time heterogeneous multi-agent systems with nonconvex constraints and arbitrarily switching topologies,where each agent has first-order or second-order dynamics.To solve this problem,a distributed algorithm is proposed based on a contraction operator.By employing the properties of the stochastic matrix,it is shown that all agents’position states could converge to a common point and second-order agents’velocity states could remain in corresponding nonconvex constraint sets and converge to zero as long as the joint communication topology has one directed spanning tree.Finally,the numerical simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62473135 and 62173121)。
文摘This paper investigates the observer-based prescribed-time time-varying output formation-containment(PT-TV-OFC)control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems in which the different agents have different state dimensions.The system comprises one tracking leader,multiple formation leaders,and followers,where two types of leaders are used to generate a reference trajectory for movement and achieve specific formation,respectively.Firstly,a prescribed-time dynamics observer is constructed for the formation leaders to estimate the tracking leader's dynamic model and state.On this basis,a prescribed-time control protocol is designed for the formation leaders to achieve time-varying output formation.Then,a prescribed-time convex hull observer is designed for the followers to estimate information regarding the convex hull formed by the formation leaders.Using the estimated convex hull information,a prescribed-time containment control protocol is designed to ensure the followers converge into the convex hull.Furthermore,using Lyapunov stability theory,the stability of systems is proved in detail,which implies that the heterogeneous multi-agent systems can achieve PT-TV-OFC control.Finally,numerical simulations validate the feasibility of the theoretical results.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62273255,62350003,62088101)the Shanghai Science and Technology Cooperation Project(22510712000,21550760900)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2021SHZDZX0100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Dear Editor,This letter is concerned with the problem of time-varying formation tracking for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs) under directed switching networks. For this purpose, our first step is to present some sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of a particular category of switched systems.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23B2036,U2013201).
文摘In this paper, distributed event-triggered performance constraint control is proposed for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems (HMASs) including quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles in the presence of unknown external disturbances. To tackle the problem of different dynamic characteristics and facilitate the controller design, the virtual variable is introduced in the z axis of the nonlinear model of unmanned ground vehicles. By using this approach, a universal model is established for the HMAS. Moreover, a distributed disturbance observer is established to cope with the adverse influence of the external disturbances. Then, an Appointed-Time Prescribed Performance Function (ATPPF) is designed to restrict the tracking error in the predefined regions. On this basis, the distributed performance constraint controller is proposed for the HMAS based on the ATPPF and the distributed disturbance observer. Furthermore, the improved event-triggered mechanism is proposed with a dynamic threshold, which depends on the distance between the tracking error and the boundary of the ATPPF. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by the comparative experiments on an HMAS.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62301272the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grants NY223023 and NY223027.
文摘This paper studies a cooperative relay transmission system within the framework of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Radio Frequency/Underwater Optical Wireless Communication(MIMO-RF/UOWC),aiming to establish sea-based heterogeneous networks.In this setup,the RF links obey κ-μ fading,while the UOWC links undergo the generalized Gamma fading with the pointing error impairments.The relay operates under an Amplify-and-Forward(AF)protocol.Additionally,the attenuation caused by the Absorption and Scattering(AaS)is considered in UOWC links.The work yields precise results for the Average Channel Capacity(ACC),Outage Probability(OP),and average Bit Error Rate(BER).Furthermore,to reveal deeper insights,bounds on the ACC and asymptotic results for the OP and average BER are derived.The findings highlight the superior performance of MIMO-RF/UOWC AF systems compared to Single-Input-Single-Output(SISO)-RF/UOWC AF systems.Various factors affecting the Diversity Gain(DG)of the MIMO-RF/UOWC AF system include the number of antennas/apertures,fading parameters of both links,and pointing error parameters.Moreover,while an increase in the AaS effect can result in significant attenuation,it does not determine the achievable DG of the proposed MIMO-RF/UOWC AF relaying system.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(U21A20166)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Jilin Province(20230508095RC)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Projects of Jilin Province and Changchun City(20220301033GX)the Development and Reform Commission Foundation of Jilin Province(2023C034-3)the Interdisciplinary Integration and Innovation Project of JLU(JLUXKJC2020202).
文摘Dear Editor,Aiming at the consensus tracking problem of a class of unknown heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems(MASs)with input constraints,a novel data-driven iterative learning consensus control(ILCC)protocol based on zeroing neural networks(ZNNs)is proposed.First,a dynamic linearization data model(DLDM)is acquired via dynamic linearization technology(DLT).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074072,22274083,52376199)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023LZY005)+1 种基金the Exploration Project of the State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and EcoTextiles of Qingdao University(TSKT202101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022BLRD13,2023BLRD01).
文摘A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most molecularly heterogeneous malignancies,with complexity that extends far beyond traditional histopathological classifications.The consensus molecular subtypes(CMS)established in 2015 brought a marked advancement in the taxonomy of CRC,consolidating six classification systems into four novel subtypes,which focus on vital gene expression patterns and clinical and prognostic outcomes.However,nearly a decade of clinical experience with CMS classification has revealed fundamental limitations that underscore the inadequacy of any single classification system for capturing the full spectrum of CRC biology.The inherent challenges of the current paradigm are multifaceted.In the CMS classification,mixed phenotypes that remain unclassifiable constitute 13%of CRC cases.This reflects the remarkable heterogeneity that CRC shows.The tumor budding regions reflect the molecular shift due to CMS 2 to CMS 4 switching,causing further heterogeneity.Moreover,the reliance on bulk RNA sequencing fails to capture the spatial organization of molecular signatures within tumors and the critical contributions of the tumor microenvironment.Recent technological advances in spatial transcriptomics,singlecell RNA sequencing,and multi-omic integration have revealed the limitations of transcriptome-only classifications.The emergence of CRC intrinsic subtypes that attempt to remove microenvironmental contributions,pathway-derived subtypes,and stem cell-based classifications demonstrates the field’s recognition that multiple complementary classification systems are necessary.These newer molecular subtypes are not discrete categories but biological continua,thus highlighting that the vast molecular landscape is a tapestry of interlinked features,not rigid subtypes.Multiple technical hurdles cause difficulty in implementing the clinical translation of these newer molecular subtypes,including gene signature complexity,platform-dependent variations,and the difficulty of getting and preserving fresh frozen tissue.CMS 4 shows a poor prognostic outcome among the CMS subtypes,while CMS 1 is associated with poor survival in metastatic cases.However,the predictive value for definitive therapy remains subdued.Looking forward,the integration of artificial intelligence,liquid biopsy approaches,and real-time molecular monitoring promises to enable dynamic,multi-dimensional tumor characterization.The temporal and spatial complexity can only be captured by complementary molecular taxonomies rather than a single,unified system of CRC classification.Such an approach recognizes that different clinical questions–prognosis,treatment selection,resistance prediction–may require different molecular lenses,each optimized for specific clinical applications.This editorial advocates for a revolutionary change from pursuing a single“best”classification system toward a diverse approach that welcomes the molecular mosaic of CRC.Only through such comprehensive molecular characterization can we hope to achieve the promise of precision oncology for the diverse spectrum of patients with CRC.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan,China(No.2019YFB1706502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62003366,12102077,12072059)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M670744)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,China(No.2010-ZD-0021)。
文摘Taxiing aircraft and towed aircraft with drawbar are two typical dispatch modes on the flight deck of aircraft carriers. In this paper, a novel hierarchical solution strategy, named as the Homogenization-Planning-Tracking(HPT) method, to solve cooperative autonomous motion control for heterogeneous carrier dispatch systems is developed. In the homogenization layer, any towed aircraft system involved in the sortie task is abstracted into a virtual taxiing aircraft. This layer transforms the heterogeneous systems into a homogeneous configuration. Then in the planning layer, a centralized optimal control problem is formulated for the homogeneous system. Compared with conducting the path planning directly with the original heterogeneous system, the homogenization layer contributes to reduce the dimension and nonlinearity of the formulated optimal control problem in the planning layer and consequently improves the robustness and efficiency of the solution process. Finally, in the tracking layer, a receding horizon controller is developed to track the reference trajectory obtained in the planning layer. To improve the tracking performance,multi-objective optimization techniques are implemented offline in advance to determine optimal weight parameters used in the tracking layer. Simulations demonstrate that smooth and collision-free cooperative trajectory can be generated efficiently in the planning phase. And robust trajectory tracking can be realized in the presence of external disturbances in the tracking phase.The developed HPT method provides a promising solution to the autonomous deck dispatch for unmanned carrier aircraft in the future.
文摘In this paper, a unified design procedure is given for output synchronization of heterogeneous multi-agent systems （MAS） on communication graph topologies, using relative output measurements from neighbors. Three different control protocols, namely, full-state feedback, static output-feedback, and dynamic output-feedback, are designed for output synchronization. It is seen that a unified design procedure for heterogeneous MAS can be given by formulation and solution of a suitable local L2-gain design problem. Sufficient conditions are developed in terms of stabilizing the local agents＇ dynamics, satisfying a certain small-gain criterion, and solving the output regulator equations. Local design procedures are presented for each agent to guarantee that these sufficient conditions are satisfied. The proposed control protocols require only one copy of the leader＇s dynamics in the compensator, regardless of the dimensions of the outputs. This results in lower-dimensional compensators for systems with high-order outputs, compared to the p-copy internal model approach. All three proposed control protocols are verified using numerical simulations.
文摘Aim To develop a heterogeneous database united system(HDBUS)that combines the local database of Oracle, Sybase and SQL server distributed on different server into a global database,and supports the global transaction management and parallel query over the Intranet Methods In the designing and implementation of HDBUS two important concepts heterogeneous tables join. Results and Conclu- tion The first concept can be used to process the parallel query of multiple database server, the second one is the key technology of heterogeneous is the key technology of heterogeneous distribute database.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2021YFA0715502 and 2021YFA0715500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61974052 and 61904065),the Innovation Project of Optics Valley Laboratory(No.OVL2021BG009)+2 种基金the Fund from Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.GJHZ20210705142540010)the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BAA014)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Hubei Province(No.2021EHB010).
文摘As promising optoelectronic materials,lead sulfide quantum dots(PbS QDs)have attracted great attention.However,their applications are substantially limited by the QD quality and/or complicated synthesis.Herein,a facile new synthesis is developed for highly monodisperse and halide passivated PbS QDs.The new synthesis is based on a heterogeneous system containing a PbCl_(2)-Pb(OA)_(2)solid-liquid precursor solution.The solid PbCl_(2)inhibits the diffusion of monomers and maintains a high oversaturation condition for the growth of PbS QDs,resulting in high monodispersities.In addition,the PbCl_(2)gives rise to halide passivation on the PbS QDs,showing excellent stability in air.The high monodispersity and good passivation endow these PbS QDs with outstanding optoelectronic properties,demonstrated by a 9.43%power conversion efficiency of PbS QD solar cells with a bandgap of~0.95 eV(1,300 nm).We believe that this heterogeneous strategy opens up a new avenue optimizing for the synthesis and applications of QDs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 61133005, 61432005, 61370095, 61472124, and 61402400）
文摘With the increasing energy consumption of computing systems and the growing advocacy for green computing, energy efficiency has become one of the critical challenges in high-performance heterogeneous computing systems. Energy consumption can be reduced by not only hardware design but also software design. In this paper, we propose an energy-aware scheduling algorithm with equalized frequency, called EASEF, for parallel applications on heterogeneous computing systems. The EASEF approach aims to minimize the finish time and overall energy consumption. First, EASEF extracts the set of paths from an application. Then, it reconstructs the application based on the extracted set of paths to achieve a reasonable schedule. Finally, it adopts a progressive way to equalize the frequency of tasks to reduce the total energy consumption of systems. Randomly generated applications and two real-world applications are examined in our experiments. Experimental results show that the EASEF algorithm outperforms two existing algorithms in terms of makespan and energy consumption.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61104092,61134007 and 61203147)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Consensus problem is investigated for heterogeneous multi-agent systems composed of first-order agents and second-order agents in this paper. Leader-following consensus protocol is adopted to solve consensus problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with time-varying communication and input delays. By constructing Lyapunov-Krasovkii functional, sufficient consensus conditions in linear matrix inequality(LMI) form are obtained for the system under fixed interconnection topology. Moreover, consensus conditions are also obtained for the heterogeneous systems under switching topologies with time delays. Simulation examples are given to illustrate effectiveness of the results.
