Soybean cyst nematode （SCN Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） is one of the most important nationwide soybean diseases in China. A total of 38 soil specimens or locations in the area was sampled and tested for SCN races ...Soybean cyst nematode （SCN Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） is one of the most important nationwide soybean diseases in China. A total of 38 soil specimens or locations in the area was sampled and tested for SCN races during 2001-2003 for the inspection of race distribution in Huang-Huai Valleys. A map of race distribution was constructed according to the data from both the present study and the published reports cited. Three areas, namely, the area of southeast to Jinan in Shangdong Province; the area of northern Henan Province and its border region to south of Hebei Province; and the area of Luohe, Zhoukou of Henan Province and Fuyang of Anhui Province mainly infested with Race 1 were identified. Race 4 was predominant in Shanxi Province, Beijing and the adjacent area of Henan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and the delta of Huanghe River in Shandong Province. Race 2 was mainly found in Liaocheng, Dezhou of Shangdong Province and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, and Jiaozuo and Huojia of Henan Province. Race 7 was distributed in the west part of Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province and Kaifeng, Huaxian, Wenxian of Henan Province. Race 5 was found and scattered in Hebei and Henan Province. Race 9 was found in Shangqiu of Henan Province, which was reported for the first time in China. It can be seen that Race 1 and Race 4 were the two predominant races in Huang-Huai Valleys, and that research should focus on developing resistant cultivars of these races. There might exist other races in an area with some predominant races. The race substitution in the past decade was not obviously found, therefore, the results should be meaningful to future breeding for resistance to SCN in Huang-Huai Valleys.展开更多
Heterodera glycines （i.e., soybean cyst nematode, SCN） is the most damaging nematode pest affecting soybean crop worldwide. This nematode is managed by means of crop rotation with selected resistant sources. With in...Heterodera glycines （i.e., soybean cyst nematode, SCN） is the most damaging nematode pest affecting soybean crop worldwide. This nematode is managed by means of crop rotation with selected resistant sources. With increasing reports of virulent SCN populations that are able to break the resistance within commonly used sources, there is an increasing need to find new sources of resistance or to broaden the resistance background. This review summarizes recent findings about the genes controlling SCN resis- tance in soybean, and about how these genes interact to confer resistance against SCN in soybean. It also provides an update on molecular mapping and molecular markers that can be used for the mass selection and differentiation of different resistance lines and cultivars in order to expedite conventional breeding programs. In-depth knowledge of SCN parasitism proteins and soybean resistance responses to the pathogen is critical for the diversification of resistant sources through gene modification, gene stacking, or incorporation of novel sources of resistance through backcrossing or genetic engineering.展开更多
Soybean cyst nematode(SCN)Heterodera glycines is considered as the major constraint to soybean production.Gm SHMT08 at Rhg4 locus on chromosome 08,encoding a serine hydroxylmethyltransferase,is a major gene underlying...Soybean cyst nematode(SCN)Heterodera glycines is considered as the major constraint to soybean production.Gm SHMT08 at Rhg4 locus on chromosome 08,encoding a serine hydroxylmethyltransferase,is a major gene underlying resistance against H.glycines in Peking-type soybeans.However,the molecular mechanism underpinning this resistance is less well characterized,and whether Gm SHMT08 could interact with proteins in H.glycines remains unclear.In this study,yeast two-hybrid screening was conducted using Gm SHMT08 as a bait protein,and a fragment of a 70-kDa heat shock protein(Hg HSP70)was screened from H.glycines that exhibited interaction with Gm SHMT08.This interaction was verified by both GST pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays.Our finding reveals Hg HSP70 could be applied as a potential candidate gene for further exploring the mechanism on Gm SHMT08-mediated resistance against SCN H.glycines.展开更多
Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is the most economically damaging disease of soybean worldwide,and breeding host plant resistance is the most feasible option for SCN management.In this review,we...Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is the most economically damaging disease of soybean worldwide,and breeding host plant resistance is the most feasible option for SCN management.In this review,we summarise the progress made so far in identifying nematode-resistance genes,the currently available sources of resistance,possible mechanisms of SCN resistance and strategies for soybean breeding.To date,only two sources of SCN resistance have been widely used,from the accessions PI 88788 and Peking,which has resulted in a shift in SCN resistance and created a narrow genetic base for SCN resistance.These resistant germplasms for SCN are classified into two types according to their copy number variation in a 31-kb genomic region:PI 88788-type resistance requires high copy numbers of a rhg1 resistance allele(rhg1-b)and Peking-type resistance requires both low copy numbers of a different rhg1 resistance allele(rhg1-a)and a resistant allele at another locus,Rhg4.Resistance related to rhg1 primarily involves impairment of vesicle trafficking through disruption of soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor(SNARE)complexes.By contrast,resistance via Rhg4 involves disturbance of folate homeostasis at SCN feeding sites due to alteration of the enzymatic activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase(SHMT).Other potential mechanisms,including plant defences mediated by salicylic acid(SA)and jasmonic acid(JA)signalling modulation,have also been suggested for SCN resistance.Indeed,genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified other candidate SCN resistance genes,such as Gm SNAP11.Although gene functional analysis in a transient expression system could increase the efficiency of candidate gene identification,information on novel genes and mechanisms for SCN resistance remains limited.Any beneficial candidate genes identified might,when fully exploited,be valuable for improving the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying SCN resistance.展开更多
Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is one of the most important pests causing considerable damage to soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)around the world.Biocontrol provides a strategy for sustainable nem...Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is one of the most important pests causing considerable damage to soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)around the world.Biocontrol provides a strategy for sustainable nematode control.Previously,Aspergillus niger NBC001 was isolated from the cysts Heterodera spp.and able to control H.glycines and promote the growth of soybean in a pot experiment.In this study,the effects of NBC001 on H.glycines density and on the soybean rhizosphere microbial community in a soybean cyst nematode-infested field were studied.The results showed that NBC001 could suppress H.glycines by 31.7%in the field.High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that NBC001 had no significant influence on soybean rhizosphere microbial community structure,indicating that seed coatdressing with the concentrated culture filtrate of NBC001 was safe for the soil ecological environment.In addition,high-throughput sequencing results demonstrated that at 10 days post transplantation,NBC001 increased the abundances of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria,but decreased the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes at the phylum level.Meanwhile,the abundances of Phyllobacterium,Ralstonia and H16 were increased,while the abundances of Adhaeribacter,Gemmatimonas,Sphingomonas,Flavisolibacter\Nere suppressed by application of NBC001.However,at 90 days post transplantation,NBC001 only increased the abundances oi Aeromicrobium and RB41 whereas it decreased the abundance of H16.The results indicated that application of NBC001 increased the relative abundances of the beneficial microorganisms such as Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Aeromicrobium and Phyllobacterium in the soil.In summary,NBC001 is an eco-friendly biocontrol agent for H.glycines control.展开更多
Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines)is widely considered as the model plant-parasitic nematode,which secretes effector proteins to manipulate host responses.In this study,we cloned a dorsal gland-expressed e...Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines)is widely considered as the model plant-parasitic nematode,which secretes effector proteins to manipulate host responses.In this study,we cloned a dorsal gland-expressed effector protein SCN-27D09 that belongs to the same family as Hg10A07 in SCN.We used the model plant pathogen rice blast fungus(Magnaporthe oryzae)to quickly predict and characterize the functions of SCN-27D09.By using M.oryzae secretion system in barley,we confirmed that the signal peptide of SCN-27D09 has secretory activity and can guide the protein into the host cells.Heterologous expression of SCN-27D09 in M.oryzae significantly enhanced the susceptibility of barley to M.oryzae.SCN-27D09 can inhibit Bax-triggered cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana.Overexpression of SCN-27D09 in soybean hairy root also increased the susceptibility of soybean plants to SCN.Moreover,yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays showed that SCN-27D09 interacts with a soybean plant kinase GmIPK-2.Functional characterization of GmIPK-2 revealed its positive role in soybean resistance,indicating that SCN-27D09 might compromise the function of GmIPK-2 to facilitate nematode infection.Our results not only uncover the biological role of SCN-27D09 in suppressing plant defense responses and therefore promoting nematode parasitism,but also reaffirm the potential application of the model plant pathogenic fungus M.oryzae in investigating the pathogenic roles of candidate effectors of phytonematodes.展开更多
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30490250）the National Key Basic Research Program （2002CB 111304, 2004CB7206）+1 种基金the National 863 Program （2002AA211052）the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University （PCSIRT）.
文摘Soybean cyst nematode （SCN Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） is one of the most important nationwide soybean diseases in China. A total of 38 soil specimens or locations in the area was sampled and tested for SCN races during 2001-2003 for the inspection of race distribution in Huang-Huai Valleys. A map of race distribution was constructed according to the data from both the present study and the published reports cited. Three areas, namely, the area of southeast to Jinan in Shangdong Province; the area of northern Henan Province and its border region to south of Hebei Province; and the area of Luohe, Zhoukou of Henan Province and Fuyang of Anhui Province mainly infested with Race 1 were identified. Race 4 was predominant in Shanxi Province, Beijing and the adjacent area of Henan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and the delta of Huanghe River in Shandong Province. Race 2 was mainly found in Liaocheng, Dezhou of Shangdong Province and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, and Jiaozuo and Huojia of Henan Province. Race 7 was distributed in the west part of Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province and Kaifeng, Huaxian, Wenxian of Henan Province. Race 5 was found and scattered in Hebei and Henan Province. Race 9 was found in Shangqiu of Henan Province, which was reported for the first time in China. It can be seen that Race 1 and Race 4 were the two predominant races in Huang-Huai Valleys, and that research should focus on developing resistant cultivars of these races. There might exist other races in an area with some predominant races. The race substitution in the past decade was not obviously found, therefore, the results should be meaningful to future breeding for resistance to SCN in Huang-Huai Valleys.
基金the North Dakota Soybean Council USA for their funding support for the soybean cyst nematode research program
文摘Heterodera glycines （i.e., soybean cyst nematode, SCN） is the most damaging nematode pest affecting soybean crop worldwide. This nematode is managed by means of crop rotation with selected resistant sources. With increasing reports of virulent SCN populations that are able to break the resistance within commonly used sources, there is an increasing need to find new sources of resistance or to broaden the resistance background. This review summarizes recent findings about the genes controlling SCN resis- tance in soybean, and about how these genes interact to confer resistance against SCN in soybean. It also provides an update on molecular mapping and molecular markers that can be used for the mass selection and differentiation of different resistance lines and cultivars in order to expedite conventional breeding programs. In-depth knowledge of SCN parasitism proteins and soybean resistance responses to the pathogen is critical for the diversification of resistant sources through gene modification, gene stacking, or incorporation of novel sources of resistance through backcrossing or genetic engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972248)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(ASTIP-02IPP-04)。
文摘Soybean cyst nematode(SCN)Heterodera glycines is considered as the major constraint to soybean production.Gm SHMT08 at Rhg4 locus on chromosome 08,encoding a serine hydroxylmethyltransferase,is a major gene underlying resistance against H.glycines in Peking-type soybeans.However,the molecular mechanism underpinning this resistance is less well characterized,and whether Gm SHMT08 could interact with proteins in H.glycines remains unclear.In this study,yeast two-hybrid screening was conducted using Gm SHMT08 as a bait protein,and a fragment of a 70-kDa heat shock protein(Hg HSP70)was screened from H.glycines that exhibited interaction with Gm SHMT08.This interaction was verified by both GST pull-down and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays.Our finding reveals Hg HSP70 could be applied as a potential candidate gene for further exploring the mechanism on Gm SHMT08-mediated resistance against SCN H.glycines.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100504,2016YFD0100201,and 2017YFD0101400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31301345 and No.31671716)+1 种基金the National Major Science and Technology Project of China(2016ZX08004-003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS。
文摘Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is the most economically damaging disease of soybean worldwide,and breeding host plant resistance is the most feasible option for SCN management.In this review,we summarise the progress made so far in identifying nematode-resistance genes,the currently available sources of resistance,possible mechanisms of SCN resistance and strategies for soybean breeding.To date,only two sources of SCN resistance have been widely used,from the accessions PI 88788 and Peking,which has resulted in a shift in SCN resistance and created a narrow genetic base for SCN resistance.These resistant germplasms for SCN are classified into two types according to their copy number variation in a 31-kb genomic region:PI 88788-type resistance requires high copy numbers of a rhg1 resistance allele(rhg1-b)and Peking-type resistance requires both low copy numbers of a different rhg1 resistance allele(rhg1-a)and a resistant allele at another locus,Rhg4.Resistance related to rhg1 primarily involves impairment of vesicle trafficking through disruption of soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor(SNARE)complexes.By contrast,resistance via Rhg4 involves disturbance of folate homeostasis at SCN feeding sites due to alteration of the enzymatic activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase(SHMT).Other potential mechanisms,including plant defences mediated by salicylic acid(SA)and jasmonic acid(JA)signalling modulation,have also been suggested for SCN resistance.Indeed,genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified other candidate SCN resistance genes,such as Gm SNAP11.Although gene functional analysis in a transient expression system could increase the efficiency of candidate gene identification,information on novel genes and mechanisms for SCN resistance remains limited.Any beneficial candidate genes identified might,when fully exploited,be valuable for improving the efficiency of marker-assisted breeding and dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying SCN resistance.
基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31672012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0201002).
文摘Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)is one of the most important pests causing considerable damage to soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)around the world.Biocontrol provides a strategy for sustainable nematode control.Previously,Aspergillus niger NBC001 was isolated from the cysts Heterodera spp.and able to control H.glycines and promote the growth of soybean in a pot experiment.In this study,the effects of NBC001 on H.glycines density and on the soybean rhizosphere microbial community in a soybean cyst nematode-infested field were studied.The results showed that NBC001 could suppress H.glycines by 31.7%in the field.High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that NBC001 had no significant influence on soybean rhizosphere microbial community structure,indicating that seed coatdressing with the concentrated culture filtrate of NBC001 was safe for the soil ecological environment.In addition,high-throughput sequencing results demonstrated that at 10 days post transplantation,NBC001 increased the abundances of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria,but decreased the abundances of Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes at the phylum level.Meanwhile,the abundances of Phyllobacterium,Ralstonia and H16 were increased,while the abundances of Adhaeribacter,Gemmatimonas,Sphingomonas,Flavisolibacter\Nere suppressed by application of NBC001.However,at 90 days post transplantation,NBC001 only increased the abundances oi Aeromicrobium and RB41 whereas it decreased the abundance of H16.The results indicated that application of NBC001 increased the relative abundances of the beneficial microorganisms such as Actinobacteria,Acidobacteria,Aeromicrobium and Phyllobacterium in the soil.In summary,NBC001 is an eco-friendly biocontrol agent for H.glycines control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872924)the State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests(SKLOF201613)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2020CFA008).
文摘Soybean cyst nematode(SCN,Heterodera glycines)is widely considered as the model plant-parasitic nematode,which secretes effector proteins to manipulate host responses.In this study,we cloned a dorsal gland-expressed effector protein SCN-27D09 that belongs to the same family as Hg10A07 in SCN.We used the model plant pathogen rice blast fungus(Magnaporthe oryzae)to quickly predict and characterize the functions of SCN-27D09.By using M.oryzae secretion system in barley,we confirmed that the signal peptide of SCN-27D09 has secretory activity and can guide the protein into the host cells.Heterologous expression of SCN-27D09 in M.oryzae significantly enhanced the susceptibility of barley to M.oryzae.SCN-27D09 can inhibit Bax-triggered cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana.Overexpression of SCN-27D09 in soybean hairy root also increased the susceptibility of soybean plants to SCN.Moreover,yeast two-hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays showed that SCN-27D09 interacts with a soybean plant kinase GmIPK-2.Functional characterization of GmIPK-2 revealed its positive role in soybean resistance,indicating that SCN-27D09 might compromise the function of GmIPK-2 to facilitate nematode infection.Our results not only uncover the biological role of SCN-27D09 in suppressing plant defense responses and therefore promoting nematode parasitism,but also reaffirm the potential application of the model plant pathogenic fungus M.oryzae in investigating the pathogenic roles of candidate effectors of phytonematodes.
