Shandong province,located in the Lower Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.However,the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a...Shandong province,located in the Lower Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.However,the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a lack of ancient human genomes.Here,we present 21 ancient genomes from Shandong dating from the Warring States period to the Northern Dynasties.Unlike the early Neolithic samples from Shandong,the historical samples are most closely related to post-Late Neolithic populations of the Middle Yellow River Basin,suggesting a population turnover in Shandong from the Neolithic Age to the Historical era.In addition,we detect a close genetic affinity between the historical samples in Shandong and present-day Han Chinese,showing long-term genetic stability in Han Chinese,at least since the Warring States period.展开更多
Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine...Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine faced an existential crisis.Due to Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage)being characterized by its emphasis on clinical efficacy rather than metaphysical speculation,and under the influence of Japanese Kampo medicine,which highly valued the study of Shang Han Lun and promoted Chinese-Western integration,Shang Han Lun Theory emerged as a primary breakthrough point for the scientification of TCM.Modern-era scholars of Shang Han Lun Theory developed innovative interpretations of the six meridians from multiple perspectives,including reinterpretation based on syndromic patterns,organ structures and physiopathological mechanisms,the Stage-based Model,and pathological location and nature.They also incorporated new scientific knowledge such as bacteriology,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology to reinterpret the etiology,medicinals,and formulas within the Shang Han Lun.Moreover,these scholars pioneered the clinical co-application of Western pharmaceuticals with Shang Han Lun–based formulas,introduced Western diagnostic instruments into TCM clinical practice,and explored institutional models of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine.These innovations and transformations led to the formation of a new research paradigm within Shang Han Lun Theory,which not only countered the criticisms from Western medicine,thereby preserving the academic and clinical space for TCM,but also initiated a new educational model for Shang Han Lun studies.More importantly,it laid a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the post-1949 development of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine,marking a significant milestone in the modern history of Chinese medicine.展开更多
By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),an...By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.展开更多
Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is an illness caused by hypoxia due to rapid ascent to altitudes above 2,500 m. Symptoms include headache,nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, all of which usually improve within 1 to 2...Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is an illness caused by hypoxia due to rapid ascent to altitudes above 2,500 m. Symptoms include headache,nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, all of which usually improve within 1 to 2 days. However,untreated AMS can progress to life-threatening conditions such as high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema(HACE and HAPE, respectively)^([1]).展开更多
Objective:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder,arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions,environmental factors,biomechanical influences,and inflammatory reactions.This study...Objective:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder,arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions,environmental factors,biomechanical influences,and inflammatory reactions.This study aims to identify potential pathogenetic gene mutations in patients with sporadic KC in the Han Chinese population.Methods:Twenty-five patients with primary KC as well as 50 unrelated population matched healthy controls,were included in this study to identify potential pathogenic gene mutations among sporadic KC patients in the Han Chinese population.Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing(WES)were used to analyze mutations in the zinc finger protein 469(ZNF469)gene.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential role of ZNF469 in KC pathogenesis.Results:Five novel heterozygous missense variants were identified in KC patients.Among them,2 compound heterozygous variants,c.8986G>C(p.E2996Q)with c.11765A>C(p.D3922A),and c.4423C>G(p.L1475V)with c.10633G>A(p.G3545R),were determined to be possible pathogenic factors for KC.Conclusion:Mutations in the ZNF469 gene may contribute to the development of KC in the Han Chinese population.These mutation sites may provide valuable information for future genetic screening of KC patients and their families.展开更多
Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over...Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.展开更多
This paper employs the theories and methods of music anthropology to conduct a deep analysis of the newly composed Guangdong Han Opera“Tianfeng Haiyu Meihuadu.”By exploring its musical forms,performance rituals,and ...This paper employs the theories and methods of music anthropology to conduct a deep analysis of the newly composed Guangdong Han Opera“Tianfeng Haiyu Meihuadu.”By exploring its musical forms,performance rituals,and the cultural connotations of the Hakka people,it reveals the unique cultural memory embedded in the musical aspects of the opera.The study finds that“Tianfeng Haiyu Meihuadu”is not only a representative work of the newly composed Guangdong Han Opera but also an important carrier of Hakka cultural inheritance and dissemination.Its music and performance are closely linked to the history,emotions,and social life of the Hakka people,providing a vivid example for understanding the characteristics of Hakka culture and the functions of musical culture.展开更多
The author of this book passionately recounts the tumultuous Life of Han Yu through microscopic,on-the-ground historical descriptions and analyses,also touching upon the literati and politicians of Han Yu's era,as...The author of this book passionately recounts the tumultuous Life of Han Yu through microscopic,on-the-ground historical descriptions and analyses,also touching upon the literati and politicians of Han Yu's era,as well as the political and Literary climate of the mid-Tang,guiding the reader into a truly tangible,vivid,and morally rich portrayal of the Confucian scholar Han Yu.展开更多
Guangdong Han Opera,known as the“Peony of the South,”is a treasured art form with a history of over 300 years.As one of the three major opera genres in Guangdong,it primarily uses Pi and Huang tuning,incorporating K...Guangdong Han Opera,known as the“Peony of the South,”is a treasured art form with a history of over 300 years.As one of the three major opera genres in Guangdong,it primarily uses Pi and Huang tuning,incorporating Kunqu,Gaoqiang,Chuiqiang,and minor tunes,with Zhongzhou rhyme as its stage language.The roles are divided into seven categories:Sheng,Dan,Chou,Gong,Po,and Jing(including Hongjing and Wujing).Its accompaniment instruments,particularly the Touxian,Dasuluo,and Haotou,are distinctive,making it an excellent Pi and Huang opera genre in southern China.In 2008,Guangdong Han Opera was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage,recognizing its artistic value and entrusting it with the mission of inheriting and developing this opera genre.This paper focuses on the Guangdong Han Opera“Wang Zhaojun”and employs methods such as literature review and case analysis to explore its achievements in secondary creation and artistic innovation.The opera has achieved innovations in script,character,music,and stagecraft,and made breakthroughs in performance form,narrative technique,and cultural connotation,promoting the inheritance and development of Guangdong Han Opera and providing insights into contemporary drama innovation.展开更多
The Hehuang Valley,situated in the northeastern section of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,represents the upper reaches of the Yellow River(Fig.1A).It is a significant geographic region of origin for numerous Neolithic cult...The Hehuang Valley,situated in the northeastern section of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,represents the upper reaches of the Yellow River(Fig.1A).It is a significant geographic region of origin for numerous Neolithic cultures,including the Majiayao,Zongri,and Qijia cultures(Dong et al.,2013).展开更多
The deposition characteristics of nasal formulations directly determine the efficacy of the drugs,whilst the complexity of human nasal airway structure encumbers quantitative evaluation of nasal spatial deposition.Mal...The deposition characteristics of nasal formulations directly determine the efficacy of the drugs,whilst the complexity of human nasal airway structure encumbers quantitative evaluation of nasal spatial deposition.Male and female standard nasal airway structure models were calculated from computed tomography data of 128 Chinese Han nationality using statistical shape model.The deposition evaluation devices were further designed,and an imaging method was then employed to obtain drug deposition information.Furthermore,drug spatial deposition atlases were proposed by UV unwrapping,a mathematical mapping procedure flattening three-dimensional(3D)information to two-dimension bidirectionally,to achieve quantification of drug deposition fractions in the regions of interest.Moreover,the feasibility and universality of this method were verified by correlating it with the chemical quantitative results and computational fluid dynamic simulation of drug deposition of mometasone furoate nasal spray and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nasal powder,respectively.Finally,the unique drug spatial deposition atlases of these two formulations in the male and female evaluation devices were generated,respectively.In summary,the standard nasal airway structure models of the Chinese Han nationality and the drug spatial deposition atlases provide scientific tools for the formulation optimization and quality control of nasal formulations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a cancer with a poor prognosis,characterized by distinct geographical distribution and family clustering.AIM To investigate if ethnic differences(Han vs Kazakh)cau...BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a cancer with a poor prognosis,characterized by distinct geographical distribution and family clustering.AIM To investigate if ethnic differences(Han vs Kazakh)cause molecular variations in ESCC patients via genomic sequencing 299 samples.METHODS Here,we sequenced samples from 299 ESCC patients collected from Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,including Han and Kazakh ethnic groups,and performed a genomic comparative analysis of these two ethnic cohorts.RESULTS ESCC patients of Kazakh ethnicity present with a later age of onset compared to Han.Kazakh patients exhibit a slightly higher tumor mutation burden compared to their Han counterparts.Three genes GIGYF1,CACNA1D,and ACOT11 exhibited mutation frequencies threefold higher in Kazakh patients than in Han.This enrichment may be associated with Kazakhs’adaptation to cold climates and consumption of high-calorie diets.Among Han patients,the apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC)-associated single base substitutions(SBS)13 mutational signature is more prevalent,whereas SBS6,indicative of DNA mismatch repair deficiency,is more common in Kazakh patients.Additionally,Han Chinese patients with APOBEC-enriched tumors exhibit a significantly higher mutation load than those without.Moreover,patients lacking the APOBEC signature demonstrate superior survival probability compared to the APOBEC-enriched group.CONCLUSION Living environment and diet are major factors in the development of ESCC.Genomic difference may provide guidance for the formulation of clinical treatment plans for ESCC from different ethnics regions.展开更多
在医学发展史中,骨折治疗从保守的外固定逐渐进步到先进的内固定技术,每步变革都凝聚了医学家的洞察与努力。20世纪50年代,尽管内固定技术已应用于临床,但对复杂骨折的治疗效果仍存在局限。Hans Robert Willenegger教授意识到这一点并...在医学发展史中,骨折治疗从保守的外固定逐渐进步到先进的内固定技术,每步变革都凝聚了医学家的洞察与努力。20世纪50年代,尽管内固定技术已应用于临床,但对复杂骨折的治疗效果仍存在局限。Hans Robert Willenegger教授意识到这一点并采取了积极的应对措施。他与同行医生们深入交流和探讨,于1958年共同创立了国际内固定协会(the association for the study of internal fixation,ASIF)[1]。Willenegger教授及其团队确立了一套至今仍被广泛采用的骨折管理基本原则,即著名的AO原则。这些原则极大地推动了骨折治疗领域的发展,提高了治疗的科学性和系统性,使患者能够获得更加稳定和有效的治疗方案。展开更多
During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,br...During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,bringing with them advanced medical techniques and newly published medical texts.In the early 18th century,following Tokugawa Yoshimune’s(徳川吉宗)implementation of medical reform policies,many Chinese physicians arrived in Japan.There,they exchanged knowledge with Japanese physicians and facilitated the publication of Chinese medical texts in Japan.These exchanges significantly increased attention to Chinese medical works,particularly Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage),within Edo medical circles.This had a profound impact on physicians of the Japanese Kohōschool(古方派)and significantly contributed to shaping Kampōmedicine into its contemporary form.From the perspectives of intellectual history and knowledge exchange,this paper explores the circulation of medical knowledge between China and Japan during the early modern period,examining its profound historical influence on Japanese medicine.The study specifically aims to clarify the authentic meaning of“Ancient Learning(复古)”and to correct the prevailing academic misconception that the Kohōschool exclusively focused on reviving Shang Han Lun.展开更多
基金funded by the Shandong Province Humanities and Social Sciences Project“Sorting and Research on Human Bones of Han Dynasty Excavated from the Medical Center Cemetery in Linzi”granted to Zhigang Wu(2022-JCLS-12)the National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFC3303701-02)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270667)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2023J06013)the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China granted to Chuan-Chao Wang(21&ZD285)Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at Fudan University(No.SKLGE-2310)Open Research Fund of Forensic Genetics Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Public Security(2023FGKFKT07)Major Special Project of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(2022JZDZ023).
文摘Shandong province,located in the Lower Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of ancient Chinese civilization.However,the comprehensive genetic histories of this region have remained largely unknown until now due to a lack of ancient human genomes.Here,we present 21 ancient genomes from Shandong dating from the Warring States period to the Northern Dynasties.Unlike the early Neolithic samples from Shandong,the historical samples are most closely related to post-Late Neolithic populations of the Middle Yellow River Basin,suggesting a population turnover in Shandong from the Neolithic Age to the Historical era.In addition,we detect a close genetic affinity between the historical samples in Shandong and present-day Han Chinese,showing long-term genetic stability in Han Chinese,at least since the Warring States period.
基金financed by the grant from the major project of the second batch of approved topics under the Zhejiang Cultural Research Project in 2023(No.23WH27ZD).
文摘Against the backdrop of the modern-era conflict between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine,during which Western medicine gradually gained administrative authority over public health,Chinese medicine faced an existential crisis.Due to Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage)being characterized by its emphasis on clinical efficacy rather than metaphysical speculation,and under the influence of Japanese Kampo medicine,which highly valued the study of Shang Han Lun and promoted Chinese-Western integration,Shang Han Lun Theory emerged as a primary breakthrough point for the scientification of TCM.Modern-era scholars of Shang Han Lun Theory developed innovative interpretations of the six meridians from multiple perspectives,including reinterpretation based on syndromic patterns,organ structures and physiopathological mechanisms,the Stage-based Model,and pathological location and nature.They also incorporated new scientific knowledge such as bacteriology,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology to reinterpret the etiology,medicinals,and formulas within the Shang Han Lun.Moreover,these scholars pioneered the clinical co-application of Western pharmaceuticals with Shang Han Lun–based formulas,introduced Western diagnostic instruments into TCM clinical practice,and explored institutional models of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine.These innovations and transformations led to the formation of a new research paradigm within Shang Han Lun Theory,which not only countered the criticisms from Western medicine,thereby preserving the academic and clinical space for TCM,but also initiated a new educational model for Shang Han Lun studies.More importantly,it laid a crucial theoretical and practical foundation for the post-1949 development of the Integration of TCM and Western Medicine,marking a significant milestone in the modern history of Chinese medicine.
基金supported by the Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture and Management Research Project(TCM2022036)Henan Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture Publication Funding Special Project(TCMCB2023016)+3 种基金Henan University of Chinese Medicine Research Seedling Project(MP2023-29)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-043-1)Henan Culture-Promoting Project Cultural Research Special Project(2022XWH231)National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(GZY-KJS-2022-037).
文摘By analyzing the structure and academic characteristics of early Western Han medical texts such as Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Diseases(Wu Shi Er Bing Fang)and Prescriptions for Health Preservation(Yang Sheng Fang),and considering the development of philosophical thinking during the pre-Qin and Han periods,this study summarizes how Zhongjing Zhang’s Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(Shang Han Za Bing Lun)inherited pre-Qin and Han philosophical thought while further integrating Daoist“natural law”cosmology,Confucian“benevolence”social ethics,and the“isomorphic unity of heaven and humanity”medical theory in Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang Di Nei Jing).It proposes health preservation concepts encompassing heaven-human,body-spirit,and benevolence perspectives,along with dietary hygiene,representing the medical embodiment of pre-Han“virtue cultivation”and“body nurturing”life philosophies that profoundly influenced subsequent traditional Chinese medicine health preservation theory and practice.
文摘Acute mountain sickness(AMS) is an illness caused by hypoxia due to rapid ascent to altitudes above 2,500 m. Symptoms include headache,nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, all of which usually improve within 1 to 2 days. However,untreated AMS can progress to life-threatening conditions such as high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema(HACE and HAPE, respectively)^([1]).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82271057)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30818),China。
文摘Objective:Keratoconus(KC)is a progressive corneal ectasia disorder,arising from a myriad of causes including genetic predispositions,environmental factors,biomechanical influences,and inflammatory reactions.This study aims to identify potential pathogenetic gene mutations in patients with sporadic KC in the Han Chinese population.Methods:Twenty-five patients with primary KC as well as 50 unrelated population matched healthy controls,were included in this study to identify potential pathogenic gene mutations among sporadic KC patients in the Han Chinese population.Sanger sequencing and whole-exome sequencing(WES)were used to analyze mutations in the zinc finger protein 469(ZNF469)gene.Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the potential role of ZNF469 in KC pathogenesis.Results:Five novel heterozygous missense variants were identified in KC patients.Among them,2 compound heterozygous variants,c.8986G>C(p.E2996Q)with c.11765A>C(p.D3922A),and c.4423C>G(p.L1475V)with c.10633G>A(p.G3545R),were determined to be possible pathogenic factors for KC.Conclusion:Mutations in the ZNF469 gene may contribute to the development of KC in the Han Chinese population.These mutation sites may provide valuable information for future genetic screening of KC patients and their families.
基金supported by the Research Grant Council of Hong Kong-Early Career Scheme(106210224)and the Seed Fund(104006024).
文摘Dear Editor,The Hans Chinese(HC)ethnic group,comprising approximately 1.4 billion individuals,represents the largest workforce globally.Historically,HC has been predominantly isolated from other ethnic groups for over 3 millennia,resulting in distinct genetic and physiological characteristics[1,2].Consequently,the energy required to maintain essential functions,represented by the basal metabolic rate(BMR),cannot be accurately assessed in HC with algorithms developed for European-American(EA)populations,even when controlling for diff erences in body size[3].Notably,the widely used Harris-Benedict equation tends to overestimate BMR,relative to measured BMR via indirect calorimetry,in more than 50%of HC individuals[3].Hence,HC generally expends less energy than EA under basal(resting)conditions.This raises an important question:does HC require lower energy expenditure than EA for equivalent external work?Th e present aimed to address this inquiry,while adjusting for key confounding factors such as age,sex,physical activity,aerobic capacity,BMR,and body composition.
基金supported by the sub-topic“Research on Language Folklore Art”of the 2022 China National Social Science Fund Art Major Project“Theoretical and Practical Research on Chinese Art Folklore”(Moderator:Professor Bo Dong)’s phased research results(Grant No.22ZD06).
文摘This paper employs the theories and methods of music anthropology to conduct a deep analysis of the newly composed Guangdong Han Opera“Tianfeng Haiyu Meihuadu.”By exploring its musical forms,performance rituals,and the cultural connotations of the Hakka people,it reveals the unique cultural memory embedded in the musical aspects of the opera.The study finds that“Tianfeng Haiyu Meihuadu”is not only a representative work of the newly composed Guangdong Han Opera but also an important carrier of Hakka cultural inheritance and dissemination.Its music and performance are closely linked to the history,emotions,and social life of the Hakka people,providing a vivid example for understanding the characteristics of Hakka culture and the functions of musical culture.
文摘The author of this book passionately recounts the tumultuous Life of Han Yu through microscopic,on-the-ground historical descriptions and analyses,also touching upon the literati and politicians of Han Yu's era,as well as the political and Literary climate of the mid-Tang,guiding the reader into a truly tangible,vivid,and morally rich portrayal of the Confucian scholar Han Yu.
基金This work was supported by the sub-topic“Research on Language Folklore Art”of the 2022 China National Social Science Fund Art Major Project“Theoretical and Practical Research on Chinese Art Folklore”(Moderator:Professor Bo Dong)’s phased research results(Grant No.22ZD06).
文摘Guangdong Han Opera,known as the“Peony of the South,”is a treasured art form with a history of over 300 years.As one of the three major opera genres in Guangdong,it primarily uses Pi and Huang tuning,incorporating Kunqu,Gaoqiang,Chuiqiang,and minor tunes,with Zhongzhou rhyme as its stage language.The roles are divided into seven categories:Sheng,Dan,Chou,Gong,Po,and Jing(including Hongjing and Wujing).Its accompaniment instruments,particularly the Touxian,Dasuluo,and Haotou,are distinctive,making it an excellent Pi and Huang opera genre in southern China.In 2008,Guangdong Han Opera was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage,recognizing its artistic value and entrusting it with the mission of inheriting and developing this opera genre.This paper focuses on the Guangdong Han Opera“Wang Zhaojun”and employs methods such as literature review and case analysis to explore its achievements in secondary creation and artistic innovation.The opera has achieved innovations in script,character,music,and stagecraft,and made breakthroughs in performance form,narrative technique,and cultural connotation,promoting the inheritance and development of Guangdong Han Opera and providing insights into contemporary drama innovation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372017 and 42072018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022CXTD24)。
文摘The Hehuang Valley,situated in the northeastern section of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,represents the upper reaches of the Yellow River(Fig.1A).It is a significant geographic region of origin for numerous Neolithic cultures,including the Majiayao,Zongri,and Qijia cultures(Dong et al.,2013).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273863).
文摘The deposition characteristics of nasal formulations directly determine the efficacy of the drugs,whilst the complexity of human nasal airway structure encumbers quantitative evaluation of nasal spatial deposition.Male and female standard nasal airway structure models were calculated from computed tomography data of 128 Chinese Han nationality using statistical shape model.The deposition evaluation devices were further designed,and an imaging method was then employed to obtain drug deposition information.Furthermore,drug spatial deposition atlases were proposed by UV unwrapping,a mathematical mapping procedure flattening three-dimensional(3D)information to two-dimension bidirectionally,to achieve quantification of drug deposition fractions in the regions of interest.Moreover,the feasibility and universality of this method were verified by correlating it with the chemical quantitative results and computational fluid dynamic simulation of drug deposition of mometasone furoate nasal spray and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nasal powder,respectively.Finally,the unique drug spatial deposition atlases of these two formulations in the male and female evaluation devices were generated,respectively.In summary,the standard nasal airway structure models of the Chinese Han nationality and the drug spatial deposition atlases provide scientific tools for the formulation optimization and quality control of nasal formulations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1301227National Major Science and Technology Projects,No.2024ZD05209060Henan Province Jointly Built Science and Technology Key Projects,No.LHGJ20210337.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is a cancer with a poor prognosis,characterized by distinct geographical distribution and family clustering.AIM To investigate if ethnic differences(Han vs Kazakh)cause molecular variations in ESCC patients via genomic sequencing 299 samples.METHODS Here,we sequenced samples from 299 ESCC patients collected from Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research and National Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,including Han and Kazakh ethnic groups,and performed a genomic comparative analysis of these two ethnic cohorts.RESULTS ESCC patients of Kazakh ethnicity present with a later age of onset compared to Han.Kazakh patients exhibit a slightly higher tumor mutation burden compared to their Han counterparts.Three genes GIGYF1,CACNA1D,and ACOT11 exhibited mutation frequencies threefold higher in Kazakh patients than in Han.This enrichment may be associated with Kazakhs’adaptation to cold climates and consumption of high-calorie diets.Among Han patients,the apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide(APOBEC)-associated single base substitutions(SBS)13 mutational signature is more prevalent,whereas SBS6,indicative of DNA mismatch repair deficiency,is more common in Kazakh patients.Additionally,Han Chinese patients with APOBEC-enriched tumors exhibit a significantly higher mutation load than those without.Moreover,patients lacking the APOBEC signature demonstrate superior survival probability compared to the APOBEC-enriched group.CONCLUSION Living environment and diet are major factors in the development of ESCC.Genomic difference may provide guidance for the formulation of clinical treatment plans for ESCC from different ethnics regions.
文摘在医学发展史中,骨折治疗从保守的外固定逐渐进步到先进的内固定技术,每步变革都凝聚了医学家的洞察与努力。20世纪50年代,尽管内固定技术已应用于临床,但对复杂骨折的治疗效果仍存在局限。Hans Robert Willenegger教授意识到这一点并采取了积极的应对措施。他与同行医生们深入交流和探讨,于1958年共同创立了国际内固定协会(the association for the study of internal fixation,ASIF)[1]。Willenegger教授及其团队确立了一套至今仍被广泛采用的骨折管理基本原则,即著名的AO原则。这些原则极大地推动了骨折治疗领域的发展,提高了治疗的科学性和系统性,使患者能够获得更加稳定和有效的治疗方案。
基金financed by the grants from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(No.24K15918)the 2024 Inamori Research Grant Program.
文摘During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,bringing with them advanced medical techniques and newly published medical texts.In the early 18th century,following Tokugawa Yoshimune’s(徳川吉宗)implementation of medical reform policies,many Chinese physicians arrived in Japan.There,they exchanged knowledge with Japanese physicians and facilitated the publication of Chinese medical texts in Japan.These exchanges significantly increased attention to Chinese medical works,particularly Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage),within Edo medical circles.This had a profound impact on physicians of the Japanese Kohōschool(古方派)and significantly contributed to shaping Kampōmedicine into its contemporary form.From the perspectives of intellectual history and knowledge exchange,this paper explores the circulation of medical knowledge between China and Japan during the early modern period,examining its profound historical influence on Japanese medicine.The study specifically aims to clarify the authentic meaning of“Ancient Learning(复古)”and to correct the prevailing academic misconception that the Kohōschool exclusively focused on reviving Shang Han Lun.
