Nature fermented dry-cured hams may be contaminated by ochratoxin A(OTA)due to the colonization of OTA-producing fungi.Yeast plays essential roles in the formation of the special flavor of ham as well as the potential...Nature fermented dry-cured hams may be contaminated by ochratoxin A(OTA)due to the colonization of OTA-producing fungi.Yeast plays essential roles in the formation of the special flavor of ham as well as the potential to retard OTA biosynthesis.In this study,the yeast diversity of Panxian hams fermented from 1 year to 2 years was investigated,revealing a total of 9 yeast genera.The dominant genus switched from Debaryomyces hansenii to Yamadazyma triangularis,while the yeast diversity increased with the prolongation of the fermentation period.Notably,Yarrawia lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 was identified as a biocontrol yeast strain that can effectively inhibit the OTA biosynthesis up to 82%in OTA-producing modeling media and 55%in ham media when cocultivated with a previously identified OTA producing fungi from Panxian ham,specifically Aspergillus niger A-8.The double-plate methods experiment unveiled that Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 can only inhibit the growth of A.niger A-8 under the anoxic conditions.Characteristics of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 were explored,showing its ability to grow at wide range of temperature(18-33℃)and pH levels(pH 3-12).Additionally,it exhibited tolerance to high salt conditions(8%)and demonstrated lipolysis ability without hemolytic ability.These findings indicate the great potential of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 to be applied in the fermentation of Panxian ham as a biocontrol strain.展开更多
Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remai...Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remains a critical challenge,as existing methods often rely on algorithm-specific details or prior knowledge of plaintexts and intermediate values.This paper proposes the Fault Probability Model based on Hamming Weight(FPHW)to address this.This novel statistical framework quantifies fault attacks by solely analyzing the statistical response of the target device,eliminating the need for attack algorithm details or implementation specifics.Building on this model,a Fault Injection Attack method based on Mutual Information(FPMIA)is introduced,which recovers keys by leveraging the mutual information between measured fault probability traces and simulated leakage derived from Hamming weight,reducing data requirements by at least 44%compared to the existing Mutual Information Analysis method while achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.9403 between measured and modeled fault probabilities.Experimental validation on an AES-128 implementation via a Microcontroller Unit demonstrates that FPHW accurately captures the data dependence of fault probability and FPMIA achieves efficient key recovery with robust noise tolerance,establishing a unified and efficient framework that surpasses traditional methods in terms of generality,data efficiency,and practical applicability.展开更多
To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham,the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods.The results showed that the activi...To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham,the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods.The results showed that the activity of cathepsin B decreased with an increase in Na^(+)cation content and temperature.Additionally,decreasedα-helix content and increasedβ-sheet content were observed.The increase in sulfhydryl group content was attributed to the breaking of original disulfide bonds in the molecular structure or the release of embedded groups.Furthermore,the surface hydrophobicity gradually declined,which was consistent with the analysis of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy.At the molecular level,the number of hydrogen bonds formed in NaCl-treated samples decreased,and the interactions between the hydrogen bonding were less powerful,which caused instability in the binding of the protein and substrate.The conformation of cathepsin B accurately characterized its activity,and the structural changes had a macroscopic effect on the decrease in protease activity.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160607)the Basic Scientific Research Program from Guizhou Science and Technology Agency(Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2021]176).
文摘Nature fermented dry-cured hams may be contaminated by ochratoxin A(OTA)due to the colonization of OTA-producing fungi.Yeast plays essential roles in the formation of the special flavor of ham as well as the potential to retard OTA biosynthesis.In this study,the yeast diversity of Panxian hams fermented from 1 year to 2 years was investigated,revealing a total of 9 yeast genera.The dominant genus switched from Debaryomyces hansenii to Yamadazyma triangularis,while the yeast diversity increased with the prolongation of the fermentation period.Notably,Yarrawia lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 was identified as a biocontrol yeast strain that can effectively inhibit the OTA biosynthesis up to 82%in OTA-producing modeling media and 55%in ham media when cocultivated with a previously identified OTA producing fungi from Panxian ham,specifically Aspergillus niger A-8.The double-plate methods experiment unveiled that Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 can only inhibit the growth of A.niger A-8 under the anoxic conditions.Characteristics of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 were explored,showing its ability to grow at wide range of temperature(18-33℃)and pH levels(pH 3-12).Additionally,it exhibited tolerance to high salt conditions(8%)and demonstrated lipolysis ability without hemolytic ability.These findings indicate the great potential of Y.lipolitica GZPX-3Y-1 to be applied in the fermentation of Panxian ham as a biocontrol strain.
文摘Fault attacks have emerged as an increasingly effective approach for integrated circuit security attacks due to their short execution time and minimal data requirement.However,the lack of a unified leakage model remains a critical challenge,as existing methods often rely on algorithm-specific details or prior knowledge of plaintexts and intermediate values.This paper proposes the Fault Probability Model based on Hamming Weight(FPHW)to address this.This novel statistical framework quantifies fault attacks by solely analyzing the statistical response of the target device,eliminating the need for attack algorithm details or implementation specifics.Building on this model,a Fault Injection Attack method based on Mutual Information(FPMIA)is introduced,which recovers keys by leveraging the mutual information between measured fault probability traces and simulated leakage derived from Hamming weight,reducing data requirements by at least 44%compared to the existing Mutual Information Analysis method while achieving a high correlation coefficient of 0.9403 between measured and modeled fault probabilities.Experimental validation on an AES-128 implementation via a Microcontroller Unit demonstrates that FPHW accurately captures the data dependence of fault probability and FPMIA achieves efficient key recovery with robust noise tolerance,establishing a unified and efficient framework that surpasses traditional methods in terms of generality,data efficiency,and practical applicability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972097)Jiangsu Key Research and Development Plan(Modern Agriculture)(BE2020302)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(24KJB550003)2024 Huaiyin Institute of Technology Talent Recruitment Research Startup Fund Project(Z301B24521)。
文摘To regulate the sodium chloride content in Jinhua ham,the impact of NaCl on the activity and conformation of cathepsin B was investigated using spectroscopy and computational methods.The results showed that the activity of cathepsin B decreased with an increase in Na^(+)cation content and temperature.Additionally,decreasedα-helix content and increasedβ-sheet content were observed.The increase in sulfhydryl group content was attributed to the breaking of original disulfide bonds in the molecular structure or the release of embedded groups.Furthermore,the surface hydrophobicity gradually declined,which was consistent with the analysis of endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy.At the molecular level,the number of hydrogen bonds formed in NaCl-treated samples decreased,and the interactions between the hydrogen bonding were less powerful,which caused instability in the binding of the protein and substrate.The conformation of cathepsin B accurately characterized its activity,and the structural changes had a macroscopic effect on the decrease in protease activity.
