Climate change is an important issue facing the world today and carbon reduction has become the fo-cus of attention for all countries.Alternative bio-fuels are an important means to achieve carbon emis-sion reduction....Climate change is an important issue facing the world today and carbon reduction has become the fo-cus of attention for all countries.Alternative bio-fuels are an important means to achieve carbon emis-sion reduction.The production of jet fuel precursors from biomass by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)has received a lot of attention due to its mild conditions and environmental friendliness.Lignocellulosic biomass and algal biomass are considered as the second and the third generation biomasses as promising raw materials for alternative fuel preparation.Among them,lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively studied due to its wide range of sources and can be divided into one-step HTL and stepwise HTL accord-ing to the process method.Algal biomass has been extensively studied experimentally due to its short growth cycle and the fact that it can sequester large amounts of carbon without taking up arable land.In this paper,the feedstock composition of different biomasses is reviewed for the HTL of biomass.A detailed review of the process characteristics,reaction pathways and influencing factors for the HTL pro-duction of jet fuel precursors from lignocellulosic biomass and algal biomass is also presented.Theoretical references are provided for further process optimization and bio-crude quality upgrading.展开更多
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.However,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar...Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.However,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar cells need to be addressed.Here,we presented semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)using hole transport layer(HTL)combined with polyaniline(PANI)to stabilize HTL/perovskite interface,achieving a humidity durability(RH,50%-90%)for 596 days(14304 h)without encapsulation.Moreover,the decrease in hydrolysis products(LiF)showed the interaction between PANI with the addi-tives in HTL dramatically inhibited the water uptake and corrosion on MAPbI_(3),layer.The PANI modified samples had a higher I/Pb ratio and lower trap state density,which indicated the passivation effect of PANI on the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and iodine vacancies.Subsequently,PANI successfully stabilized the interface and perovskite by inhibiting the formation of Pb^(0) and Au migration as long period storage.This work presented an interfacial design to develop HOiP in air with high humidity stability.展开更多
This study focuses on the factors that may affect the feasibility of performing elliptical anisotropy analysis on azimuthal PP and PS-wave data in HTI media, with the aim of using the modeling results as guidance in r...This study focuses on the factors that may affect the feasibility of performing elliptical anisotropy analysis on azimuthal PP and PS-wave data in HTI media, with the aim of using the modeling results as guidance in real seismic data application. Our results reveal that there is an offset limitation for both PP- and PS-waves in elliptical anisotropy fitting, and that PS-waves show a wider applicable offset range and larger observable azimuthal anisotropy than PP-waves. The major axis of the elliptical fit to the amplitudes of the R-component is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is opposite to that in PP-wave analysis. The azimuthal interval travel time of PS-waves shows a nearly elliptical distribution and the major axis of the fit ellipse is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is same as that in PP-wave analysis. For data within the applicable offset range, the anisotropic magnitude obtained from amplitude and travel time attributes of PP- and PS-waves exhibits a dependence on fracture density, and the major to minor axis ratio of the fit ellipse may be used to infer the relative distribution of fracture densities.展开更多
目的探索不同HTL处理方法和剂量对鸡胚神经管发育的影响,构建鸡胚神经管畸形的最佳动物模型。方法采用白来航鸡种蛋于孵化28h分别采用胚胎滴注,胚盘注射,神经沟注射三种方法给予不同浓度的HTL处理,于E5收集胚胎,观察胚胎表型并记录分析...目的探索不同HTL处理方法和剂量对鸡胚神经管发育的影响,构建鸡胚神经管畸形的最佳动物模型。方法采用白来航鸡种蛋于孵化28h分别采用胚胎滴注,胚盘注射,神经沟注射三种方法给予不同浓度的HTL处理,于E5收集胚胎,观察胚胎表型并记录分析,并进一步对有意义的剂量组及发育时期扩大样本量。结果胚胎滴注组畸形发生率较低,胚盘注射组虽然畸形率有所升高,但胚胎存活率低,神经沟注射组胚胎E5的神经管畸形总发生率达到了41.5%。且在0.5m M HTL神经沟注射时胚胎的畸形率最高。结论 0.5m M HTL神经沟注射可诱导鸡胚神经管畸形的发生。展开更多
AIM: To design and construct an exogenous multiple epitope of helper T lymphocytes (HTL), and to evaluate its effect on anti-HBs response through DNA immunization. METHODS: Artificial HTL epitope, PADRE and four other...AIM: To design and construct an exogenous multiple epitope of helper T lymphocytes (HTL), and to evaluate its effect on anti-HBs response through DNA immunization. METHODS: Artificial HTL epitope, PADRE and four other HTL epitopes from different proteins were linked together using splicing by overlap extension to generate exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL, MTE5. pcMTE5 and pcHB were generated by cloning MTE5 and fragments of HBV pre-S2/S gene into mammalian expression plasmid pcDNA3. Four chimeric plasmids were constructed by cloning MTE5 into the region of pre-S2 gene (Barn HI), 5' terminal of S gene (HincII, Xba I) and 3' terminal of S gene (Acc I) of pcHB respectively. BALB/c mice were used in DNA immunization of the recombinant plasmids. Anti-HBs was detected using Abbott IMx AUSAB test kits.RESULTS: The sequences of MTE5 and the 6 constructs ofrecombinant plasmids were confirmed to be correct by DNA sequencing. The anti-HBs response of the coinoculation of pcHB and pcMTE5 was much higher than that of the inoculation of pcHB only (136.7+69.1 mIU/mL vs 27.6+17.3 mIU/mL, P<0.01, t =-6.56). Among the 4 chimeric plasmids, only the plasmid in which MTE5 was inserted into the pre-S2 region had good anti-HBs response (57.54±7.68 mIU/mL), and had no significant difference compared with those of pcHB and the co-inoculation of pcHB and pcMTE5. CONCLUSION: Exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL had immune enhancement when they were co-inoculated with pre-S2/S gene or inoculated in the chimeric form at a proper site of pre-S2/S gene of HBV. It might suggest that it was possible to improve hepatitis B vaccine using exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL. The antibody responses were very low using DNA immunization in the study. Thus, the immune enhancement effect of exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL has to be confirmed and the effect on overcoming the drawback of the polymorphism of HLA II antigens should also be evaluated after these chimeric plasmids are expressed in mammalian cell lines.展开更多
基金supported by National High-tech Research and Development Program,China(No.2018YFB1501505).
文摘Climate change is an important issue facing the world today and carbon reduction has become the fo-cus of attention for all countries.Alternative bio-fuels are an important means to achieve carbon emis-sion reduction.The production of jet fuel precursors from biomass by hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)has received a lot of attention due to its mild conditions and environmental friendliness.Lignocellulosic biomass and algal biomass are considered as the second and the third generation biomasses as promising raw materials for alternative fuel preparation.Among them,lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively studied due to its wide range of sources and can be divided into one-step HTL and stepwise HTL accord-ing to the process method.Algal biomass has been extensively studied experimentally due to its short growth cycle and the fact that it can sequester large amounts of carbon without taking up arable land.In this paper,the feedstock composition of different biomasses is reviewed for the HTL of biomass.A detailed review of the process characteristics,reaction pathways and influencing factors for the HTL pro-duction of jet fuel precursors from lignocellulosic biomass and algal biomass is also presented.Theoretical references are provided for further process optimization and bio-crude quality upgrading.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2023YFC3906103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61774169)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ30757)Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project (2018B030323010)
文摘Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.However,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar cells need to be addressed.Here,we presented semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)using hole transport layer(HTL)combined with polyaniline(PANI)to stabilize HTL/perovskite interface,achieving a humidity durability(RH,50%-90%)for 596 days(14304 h)without encapsulation.Moreover,the decrease in hydrolysis products(LiF)showed the interaction between PANI with the addi-tives in HTL dramatically inhibited the water uptake and corrosion on MAPbI_(3),layer.The PANI modified samples had a higher I/Pb ratio and lower trap state density,which indicated the passivation effect of PANI on the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and iodine vacancies.Subsequently,PANI successfully stabilized the interface and perovskite by inhibiting the formation of Pb^(0) and Au migration as long period storage.This work presented an interfacial design to develop HOiP in air with high humidity stability.
文摘This study focuses on the factors that may affect the feasibility of performing elliptical anisotropy analysis on azimuthal PP and PS-wave data in HTI media, with the aim of using the modeling results as guidance in real seismic data application. Our results reveal that there is an offset limitation for both PP- and PS-waves in elliptical anisotropy fitting, and that PS-waves show a wider applicable offset range and larger observable azimuthal anisotropy than PP-waves. The major axis of the elliptical fit to the amplitudes of the R-component is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is opposite to that in PP-wave analysis. The azimuthal interval travel time of PS-waves shows a nearly elliptical distribution and the major axis of the fit ellipse is perpendicular to the fracture strike, which is same as that in PP-wave analysis. For data within the applicable offset range, the anisotropic magnitude obtained from amplitude and travel time attributes of PP- and PS-waves exhibits a dependence on fracture density, and the major to minor axis ratio of the fit ellipse may be used to infer the relative distribution of fracture densities.
文摘目的探索不同HTL处理方法和剂量对鸡胚神经管发育的影响,构建鸡胚神经管畸形的最佳动物模型。方法采用白来航鸡种蛋于孵化28h分别采用胚胎滴注,胚盘注射,神经沟注射三种方法给予不同浓度的HTL处理,于E5收集胚胎,观察胚胎表型并记录分析,并进一步对有意义的剂量组及发育时期扩大样本量。结果胚胎滴注组畸形发生率较低,胚盘注射组虽然畸形率有所升高,但胚胎存活率低,神经沟注射组胚胎E5的神经管畸形总发生率达到了41.5%。且在0.5m M HTL神经沟注射时胚胎的畸形率最高。结论 0.5m M HTL神经沟注射可诱导鸡胚神经管畸形的发生。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,NO.39970677 and the Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,NO.99M04801G
文摘AIM: To design and construct an exogenous multiple epitope of helper T lymphocytes (HTL), and to evaluate its effect on anti-HBs response through DNA immunization. METHODS: Artificial HTL epitope, PADRE and four other HTL epitopes from different proteins were linked together using splicing by overlap extension to generate exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL, MTE5. pcMTE5 and pcHB were generated by cloning MTE5 and fragments of HBV pre-S2/S gene into mammalian expression plasmid pcDNA3. Four chimeric plasmids were constructed by cloning MTE5 into the region of pre-S2 gene (Barn HI), 5' terminal of S gene (HincII, Xba I) and 3' terminal of S gene (Acc I) of pcHB respectively. BALB/c mice were used in DNA immunization of the recombinant plasmids. Anti-HBs was detected using Abbott IMx AUSAB test kits.RESULTS: The sequences of MTE5 and the 6 constructs ofrecombinant plasmids were confirmed to be correct by DNA sequencing. The anti-HBs response of the coinoculation of pcHB and pcMTE5 was much higher than that of the inoculation of pcHB only (136.7+69.1 mIU/mL vs 27.6+17.3 mIU/mL, P<0.01, t =-6.56). Among the 4 chimeric plasmids, only the plasmid in which MTE5 was inserted into the pre-S2 region had good anti-HBs response (57.54±7.68 mIU/mL), and had no significant difference compared with those of pcHB and the co-inoculation of pcHB and pcMTE5. CONCLUSION: Exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL had immune enhancement when they were co-inoculated with pre-S2/S gene or inoculated in the chimeric form at a proper site of pre-S2/S gene of HBV. It might suggest that it was possible to improve hepatitis B vaccine using exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL. The antibody responses were very low using DNA immunization in the study. Thus, the immune enhancement effect of exogenous multiple epitopes of HTL has to be confirmed and the effect on overcoming the drawback of the polymorphism of HLA II antigens should also be evaluated after these chimeric plasmids are expressed in mammalian cell lines.
