The Karvonen formula, which is widely used to estimate exercise intensity, contains maximum heart rate, H Rmax, as a variable. This study employed pedaling experiments to assess which of the proposed formulas for calc...The Karvonen formula, which is widely used to estimate exercise intensity, contains maximum heart rate, H Rmax, as a variable. This study employed pedaling experiments to assess which of the proposed formulas for calculating H Rmaxwas the most suitable for use with the Karvonen formula. First, two kinds of experiments involving an ergometer were performed: an all-in-one-day experiment that tested eight pedaling loads in one day, and a one-load-per-day experiment that tested one load per day for eight days.A comparison of the data on 7 subjects showed that the all-in-one-day type of experiment was better for assessing H Rmaxformulas,at least for the load levels tested in our experiments. A statistical analysis of the experimental data on 47 subjects showed two of the H Rmaxformulas to be suitable for use in the Karvonen formula to estimate exercise intensity for males in their 20 s. In addition, the physical characteristics of a person having the greatest impact on exercise intensity were determined.展开更多
Aim:Myasthenia gravis(MG)is a neuromuscular transmission disorder caused by acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies.Cardiac autonomic dysfunctions were rarely reported in patients with MG.Functional cardiac abnormalitie...Aim:Myasthenia gravis(MG)is a neuromuscular transmission disorder caused by acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies.Cardiac autonomic dysfunctions were rarely reported in patients with MG.Functional cardiac abnormalities were variable and reported in patients at severe stages of the disease and with thymoma.We investigated cardiac functions in patients with MG using Ambulatory 24‑h electrocardiographic Holter‑Monitoring.Methods:This study included 20 patients with MG with a mean age of 28.45±8.89 years and duration of illness of 3.52±1.15 years.The standard Holter reports include data for heart‑rate,ventricular ectopies(VEs),supraventricular ectopies(SVEs),heart-rate variability(HRV),ST,QT,atrial fibrillation and T‑wave alternans.Results:VEs,SVEs and ST‑T changes were reported in 55%,40%and 20%of patients respectively.Compared with healthy subjects(n=20),HRV components including SDNN,SDANN,SDNN Index,RMS‑SD and pNN50(P=0.001 for all)were reduced in patients indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic dysfunctions.HRV abnormalities were reported in 30-60%of patients.No significant correlations were identified between SDNN,RMS‑SD,pNN50,and duration of illness.Conclusion:Depressed HRV may be an early manifestation of autonomic neuropathy in patients with MG even in milder stages of the disease.This information is useful in rating disease progression and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.展开更多
目的分析硝酸甘油与硫酸镁治疗临产后子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降的临床效果。方法选择临产后出现子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降的产妇共90例,采用随机双盲平行对照法分为硫酸镁组(硫酸镁治疗)、硝酸甘油组(硝酸甘油治疗)和联合用药组(硝酸甘油联...目的分析硝酸甘油与硫酸镁治疗临产后子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降的临床效果。方法选择临产后出现子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降的产妇共90例,采用随机双盲平行对照法分为硫酸镁组(硫酸镁治疗)、硝酸甘油组(硝酸甘油治疗)和联合用药组(硝酸甘油联合硫酸镁治疗),各30例。比较三组产妇用药后胎心恢复时间、产后出血情况、后续缩宫素使用情况、生命体征、产前和产后血红蛋白水平、分娩方式、不良反应发生情况及新生儿1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、脐血pH值、血钙水平。结果硝酸甘油组用药后胎心恢复时间为(1.01±0.80)min,硫酸镁组为(0.94±0.95)min,联合用药组为(1.73±0.33)min;联合用药组用药后胎心恢复时间长于硝酸甘油组和硫酸镁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);硝酸甘油组和硫酸镁组用药后胎心恢复时间比较无差异性(P>0.05)。三组产后出血量、心率、平均动脉压及产后出血>500 ml占比、后续缩宫素使用占比比较均无差异性(P>0.05)。三组产前及产后血红蛋白水平比较均无差异性(P>0.05)。三组分娩方式比较无差异性(P>0.05)。三组新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分及脐血pH值、血钙水平比较均无差异性(P>0.05)。硝酸甘油组出现1例严重不良反应,用药15 min后下床活动时突发晕厥,血压81/43 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),平卧、给氧及刺激后很快恢复,其他两组均未发生不良反应。结论硝酸甘油和硫酸镁对临产后子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降产妇均有效,能有改善子宫过度收缩,且不增加产后出血及新生儿窒息发生率,安全有效,但联合给药并不能缩短胎心恢复的时间。展开更多
基金supported by Health Science Center Foundation,Japan
文摘The Karvonen formula, which is widely used to estimate exercise intensity, contains maximum heart rate, H Rmax, as a variable. This study employed pedaling experiments to assess which of the proposed formulas for calculating H Rmaxwas the most suitable for use with the Karvonen formula. First, two kinds of experiments involving an ergometer were performed: an all-in-one-day experiment that tested eight pedaling loads in one day, and a one-load-per-day experiment that tested one load per day for eight days.A comparison of the data on 7 subjects showed that the all-in-one-day type of experiment was better for assessing H Rmaxformulas,at least for the load levels tested in our experiments. A statistical analysis of the experimental data on 47 subjects showed two of the H Rmaxformulas to be suitable for use in the Karvonen formula to estimate exercise intensity for males in their 20 s. In addition, the physical characteristics of a person having the greatest impact on exercise intensity were determined.
文摘Aim:Myasthenia gravis(MG)is a neuromuscular transmission disorder caused by acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies.Cardiac autonomic dysfunctions were rarely reported in patients with MG.Functional cardiac abnormalities were variable and reported in patients at severe stages of the disease and with thymoma.We investigated cardiac functions in patients with MG using Ambulatory 24‑h electrocardiographic Holter‑Monitoring.Methods:This study included 20 patients with MG with a mean age of 28.45±8.89 years and duration of illness of 3.52±1.15 years.The standard Holter reports include data for heart‑rate,ventricular ectopies(VEs),supraventricular ectopies(SVEs),heart-rate variability(HRV),ST,QT,atrial fibrillation and T‑wave alternans.Results:VEs,SVEs and ST‑T changes were reported in 55%,40%and 20%of patients respectively.Compared with healthy subjects(n=20),HRV components including SDNN,SDANN,SDNN Index,RMS‑SD and pNN50(P=0.001 for all)were reduced in patients indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic dysfunctions.HRV abnormalities were reported in 30-60%of patients.No significant correlations were identified between SDNN,RMS‑SD,pNN50,and duration of illness.Conclusion:Depressed HRV may be an early manifestation of autonomic neuropathy in patients with MG even in milder stages of the disease.This information is useful in rating disease progression and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
文摘目的分析硝酸甘油与硫酸镁治疗临产后子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降的临床效果。方法选择临产后出现子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降的产妇共90例,采用随机双盲平行对照法分为硫酸镁组(硫酸镁治疗)、硝酸甘油组(硝酸甘油治疗)和联合用药组(硝酸甘油联合硫酸镁治疗),各30例。比较三组产妇用药后胎心恢复时间、产后出血情况、后续缩宫素使用情况、生命体征、产前和产后血红蛋白水平、分娩方式、不良反应发生情况及新生儿1 min Apgar评分、5 min Apgar评分、脐血pH值、血钙水平。结果硝酸甘油组用药后胎心恢复时间为(1.01±0.80)min,硫酸镁组为(0.94±0.95)min,联合用药组为(1.73±0.33)min;联合用药组用药后胎心恢复时间长于硝酸甘油组和硫酸镁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);硝酸甘油组和硫酸镁组用药后胎心恢复时间比较无差异性(P>0.05)。三组产后出血量、心率、平均动脉压及产后出血>500 ml占比、后续缩宫素使用占比比较均无差异性(P>0.05)。三组产前及产后血红蛋白水平比较均无差异性(P>0.05)。三组分娩方式比较无差异性(P>0.05)。三组新生儿1、5 min Apgar评分及脐血pH值、血钙水平比较均无差异性(P>0.05)。硝酸甘油组出现1例严重不良反应,用药15 min后下床活动时突发晕厥,血压81/43 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),平卧、给氧及刺激后很快恢复,其他两组均未发生不良反应。结论硝酸甘油和硫酸镁对临产后子宫收缩过强伴胎心下降产妇均有效,能有改善子宫过度收缩,且不增加产后出血及新生儿窒息发生率,安全有效,但联合给药并不能缩短胎心恢复的时间。
