Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and wide...Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages.While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries,no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms.The objective of this study was to generate international sex-and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Google Scholar)up to December 1,2023.We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age.Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodo-logical variation.Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape were used to develop sex-and age-specific norms for absolute HGS(kg)and HGS normalized by height(Ht,m)squared(i.e.,HGS/Ht^(2)in kg/m^(2)).Norms were tabulated as percentile values(5th to 95th)and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.Results:We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults(51.9%female)aged 20 to 100+years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward.On average,absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood,peaked from age 3039 years(at 49.7 kg(males)and 29.7 kg(females)for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m^(2)(males)and 11.3 kg/m^(2)(females)for HGS/Ht^(2)),and declined afterwards.The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.Conclusion:This study provides the world’s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age.These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons,health screening,and surveillance.展开更多
[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistr...[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.展开更多
In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional rehabilitation method,the robot-aided rehabilitation has been widely investigated for the recent years.And the hand rehabilitation robot,as one of the hot research fie...In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional rehabilitation method,the robot-aided rehabilitation has been widely investigated for the recent years.And the hand rehabilitation robot,as one of the hot research fields,remains many challenging issues to be investigated.This paper presents a new hand exoskeleton system with some novel characteristics.Firstly,both active and passive rehabilitative motions are realized.Secondly,the device is elaborately designed and brings advantages in many aspects.For example,joint motion is accomplished by a parallelogram mechanism and high level motion control is therefore made very simple without the need of complicated kinematics.The adjustable joint limit design ensures that the actual joint angles don＇t exceed the joint range of motion（ROM） and thus the patient safety is guaranteed.This design can fit to the different patients with different joint ROM as well as to the dynamically changing ROM for individual patient.The device can also accommodate to some extent variety of hand sizes.Thirdly,the proposed control strategy simultaneously realizes the position control and force control with the motor driver which only works in force control mode.Meanwhile,the system resistance compensation is preliminary realized and the resisting force is effectively reduced.Some experiments were conducted to verify the proposed system.Experimentally collected data show that the achieved ROM is close to that of a healthy hand and the range of phalange length（ROPL） covers the size of a typical hand,satisfying the size need of regular hand rehabilitation.In order to evaluate the performance when it works as a haptic device in active mode,the equivalent moment of inertia（MOI） of the device was calculated.The results prove that the device has low inertia which is critical in order to obtain good backdrivability.The experiments also show that in the active mode the virtual interactive force is successfully feedback to the finger and the resistance is reduced by one-third;for the passive control mode,the desired trajectory is realized satisfactorily.展开更多
Teleoperation can assist people to complete various complex tasks in inaccessible or high-risk environments,in which a wearable hand exoskeleton is one of the key devices.Adequate adaptability would be available to en...Teleoperation can assist people to complete various complex tasks in inaccessible or high-risk environments,in which a wearable hand exoskeleton is one of the key devices.Adequate adaptability would be available to enable the master hand exoskeleton to capture the motion of human fingers and reproduce the contact force between the slave hand and its object.This paper presents a novel finger exoskeleton based on the cascading four-link closed-loop kinematic chain.Each finger has an independent closed-loop kinematic chain,and the angle sensors are used to obtain the finger motion including the flexion/extension and the adduction/abduction.The cable tension is changed by the servo motor to transmit the contact force to the fingers in real time.Based on the finger exoskeleton,an adaptive hand exoskeleton is consequently developed.In addition,the hand exoskeleton is tested in a master-slave system.The experiment results show that the adaptive hand exoskeleton can be worn without any mechanical constraints,and the slave hand can follow the motions of each human finger.The accuracy and the real-time capability of the force reproduction are validated.The proposed adaptive hand exoskeleton can be employed as the master hand to remotely control the humanoid five-fingered dexterous slave hand,thus,enabling the teleoperation system to complete complex dexterous manipulation tasks.展开更多
Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that,in contrast to fingerprints,are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts.Moreover,they form ...Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that,in contrast to fingerprints,are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts.Moreover,they form a complex rich shape that is unique,even in identical twins,and allows a high degree of freedom.However,most currently employed hand-based biometric systems rely on hand-touch devices to capture images with the desired quality.Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic,most handbased biometric systems have become undesirable due to their possible impact on the spread of the pandemic.Consequently,new contactless hand-based biometric recognition systems and databases are desired to keep up with the rising hygiene awareness.One contribution of this research is the creation of a database for hand dorsal veins images obtained contact-free with a variation in capturing distance and rotation angle.This database consists of 1548 images collected from 86 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 84 years.For the other research contribution,a novel geometrical feature extraction method has been developed based on the Curvelet Transform.This method is useful for extracting robust rotation invariance features from vein images.The database attributes and the veins recognition results are analyzed to demonstrate their efficacy.展开更多
Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor functio...Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method.Through a series of novel design concepts,including the integration of a detecting circuit and an analog-to-digital converter,a miniaturized functional electrical stimulation circuit technique,a low-power super-regeneration chip for wireless receiving,and two wearable armbands,a prototype system has been established with reduced size,power,and overall cost.Based on wrist joint torque reproduction and classification experiments performed on six healthy subjects,the optimized surface electromyography thresholds and trained logistic regression classifier parameters were statistically chosen to establish wrist and hand motion control with high accuracy.Test results showed that wrist flexion/extension,hand grasp,and finger extension could be reproduced with high accuracy and low latency.This system can build a bridge of information transmission between healthy limbs and paralyzed limbs,effectively improve voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients,and elevate efficiency of rehabilitation training.展开更多
In this paper, the application of bluetooth in vehicle hands free system was described, then the hardware and software structure of system had been designed. Finally, selection about electron parts and chip of electro...In this paper, the application of bluetooth in vehicle hands free system was described, then the hardware and software structure of system had been designed. Finally, selection about electron parts and chip of electronic equipments was presented in detail.展开更多
Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)is a promising research area with an extensive range of applications,such as surgery,video game techniques,and sign language translation,where sign language is a complicated structured for...Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)is a promising research area with an extensive range of applications,such as surgery,video game techniques,and sign language translation,where sign language is a complicated structured form of hand gestures.The fundamental building blocks of structured expressions in sign language are the arrangement of the fingers,the orientation of the hand,and the hand’s position concerning the body.The importance of HGR has increased due to the increasing number of touchless applications and the rapid growth of the hearing-impaired population.Therefore,real-time HGR is one of the most effective interaction methods between computers and humans.Developing a user-free interface with good recognition performance should be the goal of real-time HGR systems.Nowadays,Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)shows great recognition rates for different image-level classification tasks.It is challenging to train deep CNN networks like VGG-16,VGG-19,Inception-v3,and Efficientnet-B0 from scratch because only some significant labeled image datasets are available for static hand gesture images.However,an efficient and robust hand gesture recognition system of sign language employing finetuned Inception-v3 and Efficientnet-Bo network is proposed to identify hand gestures using a comparative small HGR dataset.Experiments show that Inception-v3 achieved 90%accuracy and 0.93%precision,0.91%recall,and 0.90%f1-score,respectively,while EfficientNet-B0 achieved 99%accuracy and 0.98%,0.97%,0.98%,precision,recall,and f1-score respectively.展开更多
This paper proposes an immersive training system for patients with hand dysfunction who can perform rehabilitation training independently. The system uses Leap Motion binocular vision sensors to collect human hand inf...This paper proposes an immersive training system for patients with hand dysfunction who can perform rehabilitation training independently. The system uses Leap Motion binocular vision sensors to collect human hand information, and uses the improved PCA<sub><img src="Edit_d6662636-9073-4fbd-855f-9a36e871d5a4.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (Principal Component Analysis) to perform data fusion on the real-time data collected by the sensor to obtain more hands with fewer principal components, and improve the stability and accuracy of the data. Immediately, the use of improved SVM<sub><img src="Edit_10c78725-e09e-4dcf-ae05-e21205df4acc.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (Support Vector Machine) and KNN<sub><img src="Edit_0ee97f55-2773-4b48-93b3-93f61aa25577.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm) for gesture recognition and classification is proposed to enable patients to perform rehabilitation training more effectively. Finally, the effective evaluation results of the rehabilitation effect of patients by the idea of AHP<sub><img src="Edit_70dd1964-28be-4137-afa5-9a184704f08e.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (Analytic Hierarchy Process) are taken as necessary reference factors for doctors to follow up treatment. Various experimental results show that the system has achieved the expected results and has a good application prospect.展开更多
Equations that can predict worsted fabrics’ properties such as bending, shearing, compression, surface and tension, were achieved by means of theoretical and experimental studies. By combining these equations with Ka...Equations that can predict worsted fabrics’ properties such as bending, shearing, compression, surface and tension, were achieved by means of theoretical and experimental studies. By combining these equations with Kawabata’s hand and silhouette evaluation methods, a software system was established. Then the mechanical properties, hand and silhouette of a fabric can be predicted quickly and accurately in terms of fiber configurations, yarn and fabric structures. The predictive result if unsatisfied can be revised by the function of “Help for designing modification”.展开更多
This paper presents a web-based integrated system for on-line sensory fabric hand evaluation. The methods of fuzzy techniques, neural networks, classical factorial analysis and other data analysis are used in the syst...This paper presents a web-based integrated system for on-line sensory fabric hand evaluation. The methods of fuzzy techniques, neural networks, classical factorial analysis and other data analysis are used in the system to analyze the objective and subjective data, and to build the relationship between them. Given the objective data of a new fabric sample, the system can provide its sensory hand data and its total hand grade. In meantime, the total hand grade can be obtained directly from the sensory fabric hand data if provided. The sensory evaluation system is developed in Internet environment using Java language and SQL server database management system.展开更多
Gesture detection is the primary and most significant step for sign language detection and sign language is the communication medium for people with speaking and hearing disabilities. This paper presents a novel metho...Gesture detection is the primary and most significant step for sign language detection and sign language is the communication medium for people with speaking and hearing disabilities. This paper presents a novel method for dynamic hand gesture detection using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) where we detect different English alphabet letters by tracing hand movements. The process involves skin color-based segmentation for hand isolation in video frames, followed by morphological operations to enhance image trajectories. Our system employs hand tracking and trajectory smoothing techniques, such as the Kalman filter, to monitor hand movements and refine gesture paths. Quantized sequences are then analyzed using the Baum-Welch Re-estimation Algorithm, an HMM-based approach. A maximum likelihood classifier is used to identify the most probable letter from the test sequences. Our method demonstrates significant improvements over traditional recognition techniques in real-time, automatic hand gesture recognition, particularly in its ability to distinguish complex gestures. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing gesture-based sign language detection to alleviate the barrier between the deaf and hard-of-hearing community and general people.展开更多
In the digital age,non-touch communication technologies are reshaping human-device interactions and raising security concerns.A major challenge in current technology is the misinterpretation of gestures by sensors and...In the digital age,non-touch communication technologies are reshaping human-device interactions and raising security concerns.A major challenge in current technology is the misinterpretation of gestures by sensors and cameras,often caused by environmental factors.This issue has spurred the need for advanced data processing methods to achieve more accurate gesture recognition and predictions.Our study presents a novel virtual keyboard allowing character input via distinct hand gestures,focusing on two key aspects:hand gesture recognition and character input mechanisms.We developed a novel model with LSTM and fully connected layers for enhanced sequential data processing and hand gesture recognition.We also integrated CNN,max-pooling,and dropout layers for improved spatial feature extraction.This model architecture processes both temporal and spatial aspects of hand gestures,using LSTM to extract complex patterns from frame sequences for a comprehensive understanding of input data.Our unique dataset,essential for training the model,includes 1,662 landmarks from dynamic hand gestures,33 postures,and 468 face landmarks,all captured in real-time using advanced pose estimation.The model demonstrated high accuracy,achieving 98.52%in hand gesture recognition and over 97%in character input across different scenarios.Its excellent performance in real-time testing underlines its practicality and effectiveness,marking a significant advancement in enhancing human-device interactions in the digital age.展开更多
Hand-extended noodle, a special kind of noodle, requires particular quality flour to make it. High molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） in wheat are important protein subunits, which affect flour quality. To ...Hand-extended noodle, a special kind of noodle, requires particular quality flour to make it. High molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） in wheat are important protein subunits, which affect flour quality. To improve breeding and selection efficiency of wheat varieties which are used in making hand-extended noodle, 100 spring wheat varieties were selected to study the importance of HMW-GS on noodle quality score indexes such as color, appearance, taste agreeability, toughness, stickiness, smoothness, taste, and total score, through methods of quantity theory and statistic evaluation. It was shown that the hand-extended noodle quality score of HMW-GS 1, 2°, N, 7, 7 ＋ 8, 17 ＋ 18, 22, 2 ＋ 10, 2 ＋ 11, 2＋ 12, 5 ＋ 10, and 10 was 5.40, 5.35, 0, 2.55, 2.56, 9.19, 0.05, 0.15, 1.49, 1.14, 10.00, and 5.14, respectively. The score system for hand-extended noodle quality based on HMW-GS index included eight multiple linear regression equations （R^2 〉 0.98）. Hence, using the HMW-GS composition, the eight hand-extended noodle quality indexes would be forecasted exactly. Results indicated that ideal subunit compositions of HMW-GS for this special usage were composition 1, 17 ＋ 18, 5 ＋ 10, or composition 2°, 17 ＋ 18, 5 ＋ 10. This standard could be used on variety selection in the early generation of breeding crosses. HMW-GS 2 ＋ 10, 2 ＋ 11, and 2 ＋ 12 were the least desirable subunits for hand-extended noodle, which should be avoided in wheat variety selection aimed for hand-extended noodle flour use.展开更多
Individuals with cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy often lack fine motor control of their fingers which makes it difficult to control traditional powered wheelchairs using a joystick.Studies have shown the use of ...Individuals with cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy often lack fine motor control of their fingers which makes it difficult to control traditional powered wheelchairs using a joystick.Studies have shown the use of surface electromyography to steer powered wheelchairs or automobiles either through simulations or gaming controllers.However,these studies significantly lack issues with real world scenarios such as user’s safety,real-time control,and efficiency of the controller mechanism.The purpose of this study was to design,evaluate,and implement a hybrid human–machine interface system for a powered wheelchair that can detect human intent based on artificial neural network trained hand gesture recognition and navigate a powered wheelchair without colliding with objects around the path.Scaled Conjugate Gradient(SCG),Bayesian Regularization(BR),and Levenberg Marquart(LM)supervised artificial neural networks were trained in offline testing on eight participants without disability followed by online testing using the classifier with highest accuracy.Bayesian Regularization architecture showed highest accuracy at 98.4%across all participants and hidden layers.All participants successfully completed the path in an average of 5 min and 50 s,touching an average of 22.1%of the obstacles.The proposed hybrid system can be implemented to assist people with neuromuscular disabilities in near future.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Multi-sensory stimulation is beneficial to a wide variety of conditions typical of geriatric patients. Some therapies for elderly people are based on the philosophy t...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Multi-sensory stimulation is beneficial to a wide variety of conditions typical of geriatric patients. Some therapies for elderly people are based on the philosophy that the activities to be carried out will also be stimulating to the senses. On the other hand, the dynamics of the senses play</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> an important role beyond mere reason and sensibility in people’s lives. The hand care therapy that used natural herb oil is the alternative medicine that utilized a plant or its essential oil, which is used in various application scenes. In our past study, the hand care therapy that used natural herb oil demonstrated the effectiveness for elderly people. In this study, we examined influences on psychologi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal condition of the side to treatment on. On the evaluation with question p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aper, baseline of POMS factor and TMD average were similar to pre-HCT. In post-HCT, T-A, A-H, F and C which were negative factors decreased than pre significantly. The forward factor V did not have significant difference, but the mean increased. Furthermore, the TMD (total mood distance) score generally </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">decreased and changed in the balance of good feelings. On the objective ev</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aluation, temporal change differences in the PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous Sys</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tem) during the relaxed state and following the induced stress state were m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">onitored using ECG (electrocardiograph). The SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) of students in HCT has decreased, and the PNS was confirmed to increase. For the tendency in SNS, the changes during the HCT were small. There were no significant changes in rSO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (regional oxygen saturation) by HCT. BVI (blood volume information) showed significantly big values at left hand treatment and after HCT than BL, indicating that peripheral circulation of the blood flow quantity of the student increased. Generally, it was shown that the subjective emotional evaluation of the hand care treatment side, the objective autonomic nervous system change, and the coronal blood flow were all good. In Japan, the global pandemic of COVID</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19 disrupts human interaction, and there are concerns about physical, cognitive, and mental deterioration. The use of hand care therapy has been shown to be an effective technique for building quality communication for both recipients and performers.</span>展开更多
Numerical methods for Differential-Algebraic systems with discontinuous right-hand sides is discussed. A class of continuous Rosenbrock methods are constructed, and numerical experiments show that the continuous Rosen...Numerical methods for Differential-Algebraic systems with discontinuous right-hand sides is discussed. A class of continuous Rosenbrock methods are constructed, and numerical experiments show that the continuous Rosenbrock methods are effective. Applying the methods, a fast and high-precision numerical algorithm is given to deal with typical discontinuous parts, which occur frequently in differential-algebraic systems(DAS).展开更多
基金supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement(No.101028929)BJFis supported by National Heart Foundation of Australia Postdoc-toral Fellowship(No.106588)+1 种基金BG is supported by Australian Government Research Training Program ScholarshipDPLis supported by Clive Kearon Award,McMaster University.Additional funding information can be found in Supplemen-tary Funding.
文摘Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages.While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries,no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms.The objective of this study was to generate international sex-and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Google Scholar)up to December 1,2023.We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age.Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodo-logical variation.Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape were used to develop sex-and age-specific norms for absolute HGS(kg)and HGS normalized by height(Ht,m)squared(i.e.,HGS/Ht^(2)in kg/m^(2)).Norms were tabulated as percentile values(5th to 95th)and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.Results:We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults(51.9%female)aged 20 to 100+years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward.On average,absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood,peaked from age 3039 years(at 49.7 kg(males)and 29.7 kg(females)for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m^(2)(males)and 11.3 kg/m^(2)(females)for HGS/Ht^(2)),and declined afterwards.The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.Conclusion:This study provides the world’s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age.These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons,health screening,and surveillance.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(NZ0932)National Key Technology R & D Program of China(20068AI06A15-11)~~
文摘[Objective] The purpose of this study was to clarify the structure,growth pattern and histochemical localization of alkaloids in root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.[Method] Paraffin sectioning and histochemistry were employed for performing the analysis in this study.[Result] The root system of Aconitum flavum Hand.-Mazz.consists of taproot,lateral root and adventitious root.The primary structure of root system is normal,but secondary structure shows abnormal.The cambium and the extra cambium of taproot form a ＂U＂-shaped secondary vascular bundle and tertiary bundle in abnormal secondary structure.The sieve tube group is made of little sieve tube group which is differentiated from primary phloem and cambium.Meanwhile,the secondary xylem in tuberous root also appears to be a ＂U＂ shape.Parenchyma cells of secondary phloem occupy most of the tuberous root.The sieve tube group of tuberous root is mainly differentiated from parenchyma cell of secondary phloem.[Conclusion] The difference in abnormal secondary structure of taproot and tuberous root are attributed to their varied cambium compose and activity pattern.Alkaloids are mainly accumulated in parenchyma cell of the inside cortex and between bundle in taproot,while parenchyma of secondary phloem and pith in tuberous root.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50975009)
文摘In order to overcome the drawbacks of traditional rehabilitation method,the robot-aided rehabilitation has been widely investigated for the recent years.And the hand rehabilitation robot,as one of the hot research fields,remains many challenging issues to be investigated.This paper presents a new hand exoskeleton system with some novel characteristics.Firstly,both active and passive rehabilitative motions are realized.Secondly,the device is elaborately designed and brings advantages in many aspects.For example,joint motion is accomplished by a parallelogram mechanism and high level motion control is therefore made very simple without the need of complicated kinematics.The adjustable joint limit design ensures that the actual joint angles don＇t exceed the joint range of motion（ROM） and thus the patient safety is guaranteed.This design can fit to the different patients with different joint ROM as well as to the dynamically changing ROM for individual patient.The device can also accommodate to some extent variety of hand sizes.Thirdly,the proposed control strategy simultaneously realizes the position control and force control with the motor driver which only works in force control mode.Meanwhile,the system resistance compensation is preliminary realized and the resisting force is effectively reduced.Some experiments were conducted to verify the proposed system.Experimentally collected data show that the achieved ROM is close to that of a healthy hand and the range of phalange length（ROPL） covers the size of a typical hand,satisfying the size need of regular hand rehabilitation.In order to evaluate the performance when it works as a haptic device in active mode,the equivalent moment of inertia（MOI） of the device was calculated.The results prove that the device has low inertia which is critical in order to obtain good backdrivability.The experiments also show that in the active mode the virtual interactive force is successfully feedback to the finger and the resistance is reduced by one-third;for the passive control mode,the desired trajectory is realized satisfactorily.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0125600)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research,Develop-ment Program(Grant No.2021C04015)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang(Grant No.LZ23E050005).
文摘Teleoperation can assist people to complete various complex tasks in inaccessible or high-risk environments,in which a wearable hand exoskeleton is one of the key devices.Adequate adaptability would be available to enable the master hand exoskeleton to capture the motion of human fingers and reproduce the contact force between the slave hand and its object.This paper presents a novel finger exoskeleton based on the cascading four-link closed-loop kinematic chain.Each finger has an independent closed-loop kinematic chain,and the angle sensors are used to obtain the finger motion including the flexion/extension and the adduction/abduction.The cable tension is changed by the servo motor to transmit the contact force to the fingers in real time.Based on the finger exoskeleton,an adaptive hand exoskeleton is consequently developed.In addition,the hand exoskeleton is tested in a master-slave system.The experiment results show that the adaptive hand exoskeleton can be worn without any mechanical constraints,and the slave hand can follow the motions of each human finger.The accuracy and the real-time capability of the force reproduction are validated.The proposed adaptive hand exoskeleton can be employed as the master hand to remotely control the humanoid five-fingered dexterous slave hand,thus,enabling the teleoperation system to complete complex dexterous manipulation tasks.
基金This research was funded by Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Grant Number(2020-2019/12/11).
文摘Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that,in contrast to fingerprints,are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts.Moreover,they form a complex rich shape that is unique,even in identical twins,and allows a high degree of freedom.However,most currently employed hand-based biometric systems rely on hand-touch devices to capture images with the desired quality.Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic,most handbased biometric systems have become undesirable due to their possible impact on the spread of the pandemic.Consequently,new contactless hand-based biometric recognition systems and databases are desired to keep up with the rising hygiene awareness.One contribution of this research is the creation of a database for hand dorsal veins images obtained contact-free with a variation in capturing distance and rotation angle.This database consists of 1548 images collected from 86 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 84 years.For the other research contribution,a novel geometrical feature extraction method has been developed based on the Curvelet Transform.This method is useful for extracting robust rotation invariance features from vein images.The database attributes and the veins recognition results are analyzed to demonstrate their efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.90307013,90707005,61534003the Science&Technology Pillar Program of Jiangsu Province in China,No.BE2013706
文摘Voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients is crucial for functional electrical stimulation therapy.A wearable functional electrical stimulation system has been proposed for real-time volitional hand motor function control using the electromyography bridge method.Through a series of novel design concepts,including the integration of a detecting circuit and an analog-to-digital converter,a miniaturized functional electrical stimulation circuit technique,a low-power super-regeneration chip for wireless receiving,and two wearable armbands,a prototype system has been established with reduced size,power,and overall cost.Based on wrist joint torque reproduction and classification experiments performed on six healthy subjects,the optimized surface electromyography thresholds and trained logistic regression classifier parameters were statistically chosen to establish wrist and hand motion control with high accuracy.Test results showed that wrist flexion/extension,hand grasp,and finger extension could be reproduced with high accuracy and low latency.This system can build a bridge of information transmission between healthy limbs and paralyzed limbs,effectively improve voluntary participation of hemiplegic patients,and elevate efficiency of rehabilitation training.
文摘In this paper, the application of bluetooth in vehicle hands free system was described, then the hardware and software structure of system had been designed. Finally, selection about electron parts and chip of electronic equipments was presented in detail.
基金This research work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(NRF-2022R1A2C1004657).
文摘Hand Gesture Recognition(HGR)is a promising research area with an extensive range of applications,such as surgery,video game techniques,and sign language translation,where sign language is a complicated structured form of hand gestures.The fundamental building blocks of structured expressions in sign language are the arrangement of the fingers,the orientation of the hand,and the hand’s position concerning the body.The importance of HGR has increased due to the increasing number of touchless applications and the rapid growth of the hearing-impaired population.Therefore,real-time HGR is one of the most effective interaction methods between computers and humans.Developing a user-free interface with good recognition performance should be the goal of real-time HGR systems.Nowadays,Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)shows great recognition rates for different image-level classification tasks.It is challenging to train deep CNN networks like VGG-16,VGG-19,Inception-v3,and Efficientnet-B0 from scratch because only some significant labeled image datasets are available for static hand gesture images.However,an efficient and robust hand gesture recognition system of sign language employing finetuned Inception-v3 and Efficientnet-Bo network is proposed to identify hand gestures using a comparative small HGR dataset.Experiments show that Inception-v3 achieved 90%accuracy and 0.93%precision,0.91%recall,and 0.90%f1-score,respectively,while EfficientNet-B0 achieved 99%accuracy and 0.98%,0.97%,0.98%,precision,recall,and f1-score respectively.
文摘This paper proposes an immersive training system for patients with hand dysfunction who can perform rehabilitation training independently. The system uses Leap Motion binocular vision sensors to collect human hand information, and uses the improved PCA<sub><img src="Edit_d6662636-9073-4fbd-855f-9a36e871d5a4.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (Principal Component Analysis) to perform data fusion on the real-time data collected by the sensor to obtain more hands with fewer principal components, and improve the stability and accuracy of the data. Immediately, the use of improved SVM<sub><img src="Edit_10c78725-e09e-4dcf-ae05-e21205df4acc.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (Support Vector Machine) and KNN<sub><img src="Edit_0ee97f55-2773-4b48-93b3-93f61aa25577.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm) for gesture recognition and classification is proposed to enable patients to perform rehabilitation training more effectively. Finally, the effective evaluation results of the rehabilitation effect of patients by the idea of AHP<sub><img src="Edit_70dd1964-28be-4137-afa5-9a184704f08e.png" width="10" height="15" alt="" /></sub> (Analytic Hierarchy Process) are taken as necessary reference factors for doctors to follow up treatment. Various experimental results show that the system has achieved the expected results and has a good application prospect.
文摘Equations that can predict worsted fabrics’ properties such as bending, shearing, compression, surface and tension, were achieved by means of theoretical and experimental studies. By combining these equations with Kawabata’s hand and silhouette evaluation methods, a software system was established. Then the mechanical properties, hand and silhouette of a fabric can be predicted quickly and accurately in terms of fiber configurations, yarn and fabric structures. The predictive result if unsatisfied can be revised by the function of “Help for designing modification”.
基金supported by the joint Sino-French Advanced Research Program(No:PRA-SI-01-05)the National Natural Science Foundation(60004006)from P.R.China.
文摘This paper presents a web-based integrated system for on-line sensory fabric hand evaluation. The methods of fuzzy techniques, neural networks, classical factorial analysis and other data analysis are used in the system to analyze the objective and subjective data, and to build the relationship between them. Given the objective data of a new fabric sample, the system can provide its sensory hand data and its total hand grade. In meantime, the total hand grade can be obtained directly from the sensory fabric hand data if provided. The sensory evaluation system is developed in Internet environment using Java language and SQL server database management system.
文摘Gesture detection is the primary and most significant step for sign language detection and sign language is the communication medium for people with speaking and hearing disabilities. This paper presents a novel method for dynamic hand gesture detection using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) where we detect different English alphabet letters by tracing hand movements. The process involves skin color-based segmentation for hand isolation in video frames, followed by morphological operations to enhance image trajectories. Our system employs hand tracking and trajectory smoothing techniques, such as the Kalman filter, to monitor hand movements and refine gesture paths. Quantized sequences are then analyzed using the Baum-Welch Re-estimation Algorithm, an HMM-based approach. A maximum likelihood classifier is used to identify the most probable letter from the test sequences. Our method demonstrates significant improvements over traditional recognition techniques in real-time, automatic hand gesture recognition, particularly in its ability to distinguish complex gestures. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing gesture-based sign language detection to alleviate the barrier between the deaf and hard-of-hearing community and general people.
文摘In the digital age,non-touch communication technologies are reshaping human-device interactions and raising security concerns.A major challenge in current technology is the misinterpretation of gestures by sensors and cameras,often caused by environmental factors.This issue has spurred the need for advanced data processing methods to achieve more accurate gesture recognition and predictions.Our study presents a novel virtual keyboard allowing character input via distinct hand gestures,focusing on two key aspects:hand gesture recognition and character input mechanisms.We developed a novel model with LSTM and fully connected layers for enhanced sequential data processing and hand gesture recognition.We also integrated CNN,max-pooling,and dropout layers for improved spatial feature extraction.This model architecture processes both temporal and spatial aspects of hand gestures,using LSTM to extract complex patterns from frame sequences for a comprehensive understanding of input data.Our unique dataset,essential for training the model,includes 1,662 landmarks from dynamic hand gestures,33 postures,and 468 face landmarks,all captured in real-time using advanced pose estimation.The model demonstrated high accuracy,achieving 98.52%in hand gesture recognition and over 97%in character input across different scenarios.Its excellent performance in real-time testing underlines its practicality and effectiveness,marking a significant advancement in enhancing human-device interactions in the digital age.
文摘Hand-extended noodle, a special kind of noodle, requires particular quality flour to make it. High molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） in wheat are important protein subunits, which affect flour quality. To improve breeding and selection efficiency of wheat varieties which are used in making hand-extended noodle, 100 spring wheat varieties were selected to study the importance of HMW-GS on noodle quality score indexes such as color, appearance, taste agreeability, toughness, stickiness, smoothness, taste, and total score, through methods of quantity theory and statistic evaluation. It was shown that the hand-extended noodle quality score of HMW-GS 1, 2°, N, 7, 7 ＋ 8, 17 ＋ 18, 22, 2 ＋ 10, 2 ＋ 11, 2＋ 12, 5 ＋ 10, and 10 was 5.40, 5.35, 0, 2.55, 2.56, 9.19, 0.05, 0.15, 1.49, 1.14, 10.00, and 5.14, respectively. The score system for hand-extended noodle quality based on HMW-GS index included eight multiple linear regression equations （R^2 〉 0.98）. Hence, using the HMW-GS composition, the eight hand-extended noodle quality indexes would be forecasted exactly. Results indicated that ideal subunit compositions of HMW-GS for this special usage were composition 1, 17 ＋ 18, 5 ＋ 10, or composition 2°, 17 ＋ 18, 5 ＋ 10. This standard could be used on variety selection in the early generation of breeding crosses. HMW-GS 2 ＋ 10, 2 ＋ 11, and 2 ＋ 12 were the least desirable subunits for hand-extended noodle, which should be avoided in wheat variety selection aimed for hand-extended noodle flour use.
文摘Individuals with cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy often lack fine motor control of their fingers which makes it difficult to control traditional powered wheelchairs using a joystick.Studies have shown the use of surface electromyography to steer powered wheelchairs or automobiles either through simulations or gaming controllers.However,these studies significantly lack issues with real world scenarios such as user’s safety,real-time control,and efficiency of the controller mechanism.The purpose of this study was to design,evaluate,and implement a hybrid human–machine interface system for a powered wheelchair that can detect human intent based on artificial neural network trained hand gesture recognition and navigate a powered wheelchair without colliding with objects around the path.Scaled Conjugate Gradient(SCG),Bayesian Regularization(BR),and Levenberg Marquart(LM)supervised artificial neural networks were trained in offline testing on eight participants without disability followed by online testing using the classifier with highest accuracy.Bayesian Regularization architecture showed highest accuracy at 98.4%across all participants and hidden layers.All participants successfully completed the path in an average of 5 min and 50 s,touching an average of 22.1%of the obstacles.The proposed hybrid system can be implemented to assist people with neuromuscular disabilities in near future.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Multi-sensory stimulation is beneficial to a wide variety of conditions typical of geriatric patients. Some therapies for elderly people are based on the philosophy that the activities to be carried out will also be stimulating to the senses. On the other hand, the dynamics of the senses play</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> an important role beyond mere reason and sensibility in people’s lives. The hand care therapy that used natural herb oil is the alternative medicine that utilized a plant or its essential oil, which is used in various application scenes. In our past study, the hand care therapy that used natural herb oil demonstrated the effectiveness for elderly people. In this study, we examined influences on psychologi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal condition of the side to treatment on. On the evaluation with question p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aper, baseline of POMS factor and TMD average were similar to pre-HCT. In post-HCT, T-A, A-H, F and C which were negative factors decreased than pre significantly. The forward factor V did not have significant difference, but the mean increased. Furthermore, the TMD (total mood distance) score generally </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">decreased and changed in the balance of good feelings. On the objective ev</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aluation, temporal change differences in the PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous Sys</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tem) during the relaxed state and following the induced stress state were m</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">onitored using ECG (electrocardiograph). The SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) of students in HCT has decreased, and the PNS was confirmed to increase. For the tendency in SNS, the changes during the HCT were small. There were no significant changes in rSO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (regional oxygen saturation) by HCT. BVI (blood volume information) showed significantly big values at left hand treatment and after HCT than BL, indicating that peripheral circulation of the blood flow quantity of the student increased. Generally, it was shown that the subjective emotional evaluation of the hand care treatment side, the objective autonomic nervous system change, and the coronal blood flow were all good. In Japan, the global pandemic of COVID</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19 disrupts human interaction, and there are concerns about physical, cognitive, and mental deterioration. The use of hand care therapy has been shown to be an effective technique for building quality communication for both recipients and performers.</span>
文摘Numerical methods for Differential-Algebraic systems with discontinuous right-hand sides is discussed. A class of continuous Rosenbrock methods are constructed, and numerical experiments show that the continuous Rosenbrock methods are effective. Applying the methods, a fast and high-precision numerical algorithm is given to deal with typical discontinuous parts, which occur frequently in differential-algebraic systems(DAS).
