BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MASLD)is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatocellular steatosis,which is closely related to metabolic syndrome,with annually increasing morbid...BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MASLD)is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatocellular steatosis,which is closely related to metabolic syndrome,with annually increasing morbidity in recent years.Gynecomastia(GYN),an abnormal proliferation of breast tissue in males,is common in males with sex hormone imbalance.Currently,there is insufficient research on the morbidity of GYN and its correlation among MASLD patients.AIM To investigate the prevalence of GYN and its associated clinical features in patients with MASLD and determine the prevalence of GYN in patients with MASLD and analyze the predictive effect of sex hormones on GYN using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital.Among them,997 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent breast ultrasonography to determine the presence of GYN.Anthropometric data,laboratory test data[estradiol(E2),androgens,liver function,glucose,lipids,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,creatinine,and uric acid,etc.],as well as information on medical history,severity of fatty liver(mild,moderate,and severe),and duration of the disease were collected.Package for the Social Sciences version 27 and R software(version 4.3.1)were used for data analysis.RESULTS The prevalence of GYN increased with the severity of fatty liver(27.6%for mild,33.5%for moderate,and 58%for severe,P<0.001);compared with non-GYN patients,GYN patients were older(54.11±9.71 years vs 47.89±9.92 years,P<0.001),with significantly higher E2 levels,higher estrogen to androgen ratio(P<0.001)and significantly lower androgen levels(P<0.001).In ROC curve analysis,the combined model of testosterone and E2 had a high diagnostic value in predicting GYN in MASLD patients,surpassing a single indicator.CONCLUSION The presence of GYN may suggest more severe metabolic abnormalities in patients with MASLD.Therefore,early recognition of GYN may be crucial for early intervention in metabolic syndrome and endocrine abnormalities in patients with MASLD.展开更多
Abstract: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue due to the proliferation of the ductal component. It can be physiological or pathological. Gynecomastia can be a sign for testicular tumors includin...Abstract: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue due to the proliferation of the ductal component. It can be physiological or pathological. Gynecomastia can be a sign for testicular tumors including sex-cord stromal tumors and germ cell tumors. Testicular physical examination in combination with testicular untrasonography and serum germ cell tumor markers when necessary in the presence of gynecomastia can help to reach a correct diagnosis.展开更多
Gynecomastia is emerging as a major cosmetic and physiological concern among adolescents, especially in relation to obesity, acute weight loss following surgery, and other endocrine illnesses. Surgical treatment invol...Gynecomastia is emerging as a major cosmetic and physiological concern among adolescents, especially in relation to obesity, acute weight loss following surgery, and other endocrine illnesses. Surgical treatment involves liposuction(mechanical, power-assisted, or ultrasound-assisted), nipple-conserving subcutaneous mastectomies, or nipple transpositions via various techniques. Unsightly scarring, with visible scar hypertrophy and nipple necrosis, continues to plague postoperative cosmetic outcomes;hence, different techniques of performing nipple transposition have been devised, ranging from free grafts to pedicled flaps. In this case report,we draw attention to an old technique, described by Passot in 1925, that was applied primarily for reduction mammoplasty in women at that time. This technique is still not as frequently used as the Wise pattern mastopexy technique in gynecomastia surgery, and we wish to convey that better cosmesis would be achieved in patients with Simon ⅡB/Ⅲ and ptotic gynecomastia using this technique, avoiding a vertical scar.展开更多
Gynecomastia is a common finding in male patients, however, abscess is a rare finding in male patients. Typical management for benign gynecomastia is to continued surveillance and no additional annual imaging is requi...Gynecomastia is a common finding in male patients, however, abscess is a rare finding in male patients. Typical management for benign gynecomastia is to continued surveillance and no additional annual imaging is required [1]. Breast abscess in male is managed with incision and drainage and antibiotics [2], however, the management of gynecomastia superimposed with recurrent ab-scess does not have clear management and should be managed on an indi-vidual basis. We present a case of a 44-year-old man who with a recurrent left breast abscess in addition to persistent gynecomastia. The abscess was drained and cultured. The culture grew Citrobacter koseri(diversus) and patient was placed on Bactrim DS for 7 days and was referred to the breast clinic for fur-ther evaluation. This study aims to elucidate and review the literature to iden-tify similar cases and potential management of male patients with recurrent abscess and gynecomastia.展开更多
We are reporting a case of a 51-year-old male patient with 3-year history of Rheumatoid Arthritis who developed gynecomastia 2 - 3 months after starting Methotrexate (MTX) therapy, without folate supplementation. Two ...We are reporting a case of a 51-year-old male patient with 3-year history of Rheumatoid Arthritis who developed gynecomastia 2 - 3 months after starting Methotrexate (MTX) therapy, without folate supplementation. Two months after stopping MTX therapy and initiating folate supplementation, gynecomastia started resolving. Very few cases of gynecomastia due to MTX therapy have been reported worldwide, although it is a rare yet a significant occurrence and should always be considered in male patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.展开更多
Gynecomastia, characterized by the growth of breast glandular tissue in boys, is occasionally seen inclinics. This growth can manifest at any age, but 40% of cases present in adolescent boys. Even though gynecomastia ...Gynecomastia, characterized by the growth of breast glandular tissue in boys, is occasionally seen inclinics. This growth can manifest at any age, but 40% of cases present in adolescent boys. Even though gynecomastia is a benign condition, patients are often emotionally burdened by this condition. The pathophysiological process of gynecomastia is mainly due to the imbalance between testosterone and free estrogen effects on the breast tissue, and hormone therapy. The disease is characterized by declined testosterone and slightly elevated estrogen.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MASLD)is a chronic liver disease characterized by hepatocellular steatosis,which is closely related to metabolic syndrome,with annually increasing morbidity in recent years.Gynecomastia(GYN),an abnormal proliferation of breast tissue in males,is common in males with sex hormone imbalance.Currently,there is insufficient research on the morbidity of GYN and its correlation among MASLD patients.AIM To investigate the prevalence of GYN and its associated clinical features in patients with MASLD and determine the prevalence of GYN in patients with MASLD and analyze the predictive effect of sex hormones on GYN using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital.Among them,997 patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent breast ultrasonography to determine the presence of GYN.Anthropometric data,laboratory test data[estradiol(E2),androgens,liver function,glucose,lipids,low-density lipoprotein,high-density lipoprotein,creatinine,and uric acid,etc.],as well as information on medical history,severity of fatty liver(mild,moderate,and severe),and duration of the disease were collected.Package for the Social Sciences version 27 and R software(version 4.3.1)were used for data analysis.RESULTS The prevalence of GYN increased with the severity of fatty liver(27.6%for mild,33.5%for moderate,and 58%for severe,P<0.001);compared with non-GYN patients,GYN patients were older(54.11±9.71 years vs 47.89±9.92 years,P<0.001),with significantly higher E2 levels,higher estrogen to androgen ratio(P<0.001)and significantly lower androgen levels(P<0.001).In ROC curve analysis,the combined model of testosterone and E2 had a high diagnostic value in predicting GYN in MASLD patients,surpassing a single indicator.CONCLUSION The presence of GYN may suggest more severe metabolic abnormalities in patients with MASLD.Therefore,early recognition of GYN may be crucial for early intervention in metabolic syndrome and endocrine abnormalities in patients with MASLD.
文摘Abstract: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue due to the proliferation of the ductal component. It can be physiological or pathological. Gynecomastia can be a sign for testicular tumors including sex-cord stromal tumors and germ cell tumors. Testicular physical examination in combination with testicular untrasonography and serum germ cell tumor markers when necessary in the presence of gynecomastia can help to reach a correct diagnosis.
文摘Gynecomastia is emerging as a major cosmetic and physiological concern among adolescents, especially in relation to obesity, acute weight loss following surgery, and other endocrine illnesses. Surgical treatment involves liposuction(mechanical, power-assisted, or ultrasound-assisted), nipple-conserving subcutaneous mastectomies, or nipple transpositions via various techniques. Unsightly scarring, with visible scar hypertrophy and nipple necrosis, continues to plague postoperative cosmetic outcomes;hence, different techniques of performing nipple transposition have been devised, ranging from free grafts to pedicled flaps. In this case report,we draw attention to an old technique, described by Passot in 1925, that was applied primarily for reduction mammoplasty in women at that time. This technique is still not as frequently used as the Wise pattern mastopexy technique in gynecomastia surgery, and we wish to convey that better cosmesis would be achieved in patients with Simon ⅡB/Ⅲ and ptotic gynecomastia using this technique, avoiding a vertical scar.
文摘Gynecomastia is a common finding in male patients, however, abscess is a rare finding in male patients. Typical management for benign gynecomastia is to continued surveillance and no additional annual imaging is required [1]. Breast abscess in male is managed with incision and drainage and antibiotics [2], however, the management of gynecomastia superimposed with recurrent ab-scess does not have clear management and should be managed on an indi-vidual basis. We present a case of a 44-year-old man who with a recurrent left breast abscess in addition to persistent gynecomastia. The abscess was drained and cultured. The culture grew Citrobacter koseri(diversus) and patient was placed on Bactrim DS for 7 days and was referred to the breast clinic for fur-ther evaluation. This study aims to elucidate and review the literature to iden-tify similar cases and potential management of male patients with recurrent abscess and gynecomastia.
文摘We are reporting a case of a 51-year-old male patient with 3-year history of Rheumatoid Arthritis who developed gynecomastia 2 - 3 months after starting Methotrexate (MTX) therapy, without folate supplementation. Two months after stopping MTX therapy and initiating folate supplementation, gynecomastia started resolving. Very few cases of gynecomastia due to MTX therapy have been reported worldwide, although it is a rare yet a significant occurrence and should always be considered in male patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.
文摘Gynecomastia, characterized by the growth of breast glandular tissue in boys, is occasionally seen inclinics. This growth can manifest at any age, but 40% of cases present in adolescent boys. Even though gynecomastia is a benign condition, patients are often emotionally burdened by this condition. The pathophysiological process of gynecomastia is mainly due to the imbalance between testosterone and free estrogen effects on the breast tissue, and hormone therapy. The disease is characterized by declined testosterone and slightly elevated estrogen.
