Is group studying better than studying alone?We've all experienced getting together with classmates to study for a coming exam and spending a lot of time talking or joking around.Everyone is different,which means ...Is group studying better than studying alone?We've all experienced getting together with classmates to study for a coming exam and spending a lot of time talking or joking around.Everyone is different,which means everyone learns in the different way.You may require classical music,a warm room,and a cup of tea while you study.Someone else may re・quire complete silence,and no snacks at all.Studying alone helps you to set a perfect study environment so you get the most out of studying.It also helps you to use the most effective learning methods.Some students learn best with flashcards while others learn best when they reread texts.Find your learning methods,and make your studying be the best results.展开更多
Objective:Chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain(CNMP)is a complex idiopathic condi-tion that causes significant disruption to patients’lives,their relationships,and functionality.The cause of CNMP is not fully und...Objective:Chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain(CNMP)is a complex idiopathic condi-tion that causes significant disruption to patients’lives,their relationships,and functionality.The cause of CNMP is not fully understood,which makes diagnosis and management challenging.As general practitioners(GPs)are central to the management of chronic pain,their perspectives on managing CNMP are important.Purpose:To explore the clinical reasoning GPs use when diagnosing and managing CNMP.Methods:A qualitative study design using focus group discussion was conducted with Australian GPs.Five focus group discussion were conducted across Adelaide.All focus group discussions were audio-recorded,and transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically with the program NVivo.Results:The main themes remained consistent across the five focus group discussion’s:the ambiguous cause of CNMP;sex differences;developing the“right strategy”;patient-centered care;and verifying vitamin D levels.Conclusion:The findings show that GPs use a patient-centered approach tailored to indi-vidual patients’medical history,physical examination findings,and psychosocial health.There was general concern about low levels of vitamin D in patients with CNMP,and vitamin D supplements were recommended if indicated by a patient’s history.展开更多
<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实...<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。展开更多
Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in...Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in study groupsfinds relevance in conferences,workshops,and class rooms.Unfortu-nately,there appears to be only few researches on empirical best practices and techniques on study groups formation,especially for achieving rapid knowledge propagation.This work bridges this gap by presenting a workflow driven compu-tational algorithm for autonomous and unbiased formation of study groups.The system workflow consists of a chronology of stages,each made of distinct steps.Two of the most important steps,subsumed within the algorithmic stage,are the algorithms that resolve the decisional problem of number of study groups to be formed,as well as the most effective permutation of the study group participants to form collaborative pairs.This work contributes a number of new algorithmic concepts,such as autonomous and unbiased matching,exhaustive multiplication technique,twisted round-robin transversal,equilibrium summation,among others.The concept of autonomous and unbiased matching is centered on the constitution of study groups and pairs purely based on the participants’performances in an examination,rather than through any external process.As part of practical demon-stration of this work,study group formation as well as unbiased pairing were fully demonstrated for a collaborative learning size of forty(40)participants,and partially for study groups of 50,60 and 80 participants.The quantitative proof of this work was done through the technique called equilibrium summation,as well as the calculation of inter-study group Pearson Correlation Coefficients,which resulted in values higher than 0.9 in all cases.Real life experimentation was carried out while teaching Object-Oriented Programming to forty(40)under-graduates between February and May 2021.Empirical result showed that the per-formance of the learners was improved appreciably.This work will therefore be of immense benefit to the industry,academics and research community involved in collaborative learning.展开更多
This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferre...This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.展开更多
I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the...I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the sum of US$1.25 billion. On May 1st 2005, Lenovo completed its acquisition of IBM’s PC Unit. "Using an analogy, our enterprise is well likened to a tortoise but our foreign competitor is more like a rabbit. Instead of racing against the rabbit heads-on, we would rather ride on its back and let it carry us forward," said former Lenovo Chairman Liu Chuanzhi.展开更多
Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russi...Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russia, Japan, Korea, the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the northern area of the East China Sea. Usually they live in nearshore waters of these areas as geographic subpopulations. P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay belongs to a local group of the Huanghai-Bohai Sea subpopulation and is distributed in the mouth and adjacent waters of the bay all the year round, and the catch of its spawning group has展开更多
作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现...作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现和培养高素质人才提供了有效的平台。在中国科学院院士李大潜、英国皇家学会会员(Fellow)J.Ockendon的大力推动下,这项活动在中国的影响力正在逐步扩大[1]。展开更多
BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect o...BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the value of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)on the assessment of synovial hyperplasia and International Prophylaxis Study Group(IPSG)score of hemophilic arthropathy(HA).Methods This was ...Objective To evaluate the value of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)on the assessment of synovial hyperplasia and International Prophylaxis Study Group(IPSG)score of hemophilic arthropathy(HA).Methods This was a retrospective case series study.Briefly,54 joints of 46 male patients with hemophilia type A and diagnosed with HA in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2016 to September 2017 were selected.Plain and enhanced MRI were performed at the same time.The IPSG score of synovial hyperplasia and the total joint before and after enhancement were calculated,and the enhancement rate of the synovium and muscles at the same level were also calculated.The differences in synovial hyperplasia and joint total IPSG scores before and after enhancement were compared by paired rank sum test.The correlation between enhancement joint total IPSG score,synovial IPSG score,synovial enhancement rate,total joint bleeding number,course of disease,and Hemophilia Joint Health Score(HJHS)score were analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis.Results Enhanced MRI could more clearly show synovial hyperplasia and ensure better accuracy of joint total IPSG score(Z=-2.24,P=0.025).The enhancement extent of synovial hyperplasia was higher than that of the same level muscle.There was no correlation between synovial enhancement rate and total number of joint bleeding,course of disease,and HJHS score.After enhancement,the joint total IPSG score wash ighly positively correlated with the total number of joint bleeding and the disease course(r=0.96,0.84,P<0.001)and moderately positively correlated with the HJHS score(r=0.58,P<0.001).The enhanced synovial IPSG score showed a low positive correlation with the total number of joint bleeding and the disease course(r=0.37,0.36,P=0.006,0.008),but no correlation with HJHS score.Conclusion Enhanced MRI can provide accurate imaging of synovial hyperplasia of HA and make joint IPSG score more accurate.展开更多
BACKGROUND The lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio(LWR)is a blood marker of the systemic inflammatory response.The prognostic value of LWR in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(...BACKGROUND The lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio(LWR)is a blood marker of the systemic inflammatory response.The prognostic value of LWR in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF)remains unclear.AIM To explore whether LWR could stratify the risk of poor outcomes in HBV-ACLF patients.METHODS This study was conducted by recruiting 330 patients with HBV-ACLF at the Department of Gastroenterology in a large tertiary hospital.Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups according to their 28-d prognosis.The independent risk factors for 28-d mortality were calculated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Patients were divided into low-and high-LWR groups according to the cutoff values.Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed according to the level of LWR.RESULTS During the 28-d follow-up time,135 patients died,and the mortality rate was 40.90%.The LWR level in non-surviving patients was significantly decreased compared to that in surviving patients.A lower LWR level was an independent risk factor for poor 28-d outcomes(hazard ratio=0.052,95%confidence interval:0.005-0.535).The LWR level was significantly negatively correlated with the Child-Turcotte-Pugh,model for end-stage liver disease,and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-ACLF II scores.In addition,the 28-d mortality was higher for patients with LWR<0.11 than for those with LWR≥0.11.CONCLUSION LWR may serve as a simple and useful tool for stratifying the risk of poor 28-d outcomes in HBVACLF patients.展开更多
Objective To obtain information on the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial agent susceptibilities to group B streptococcus (GBS) strains isolated in Beijing area from 1991 to 1996. Methods Bacterial is...Objective To obtain information on the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial agent susceptibilities to group B streptococcus (GBS) strains isolated in Beijing area from 1991 to 1996. Methods Bacterial isolates of GBS were obtained from vaginal and cervical tract of pregnant and nonpregnant women in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital by culture. A total of 76 GBS strains were identified finally by coagglutination. Serotyping was determined by Standard Lancefield method. Susceptibility to test agents was assessed by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with agar dilution method that was established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Results Seven serotypes were identified among 76 GBS strains isolates. Types Ⅱ (33%), Ⅲ (23%) and Ⅰa (16%) were the predominant serotypes in pregnant and nonpregnant women. MICs of penicillin G and ampicillin were ≤0.06 μg/ml. MICs of cephazolin, cefuroxime and cefoperozone were 0.003 μg/ml 0.06 μg/ml. MICs of erythromycin were 0.003 μg/ml 0.03 μg/ml. MICs of gentamycin were 1 μg/ml 32 μg/ml. MICs of amikacin were 4 μg/ml ≥64 μg/ml, nearly 12.8% and 40.4% of the strains were resistant to gentamycin and amikacin, respectively. Conclusions Our study provides useful epidemiologic data for preparation of GBS type specific vaccines which can prevent GBS infections and antimicrobial agents susceptibility patterns in China. Routine reports on GBS susceptibilities by clinical laboratories and continuous surveillance for changes in the susceptibility are of considerable clinical importance.展开更多
From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,th...From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,the various roles and funetionsof the eities in the national economy,theeeonomie funetions of a eity may be of展开更多
The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of ...The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of AAm polymerization. The structure of free radicals formed from above-mentioned initiation sytem were detected by radical trapping and ESR spectra techniques and the end groups of polymers obtained were determined by FT-IR spectra analysis method. Based on these results the initiation mechanism is proposed.展开更多
Today,we are holding the 14th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee to address the issue of promoting high-quality and full employment.Acting on the guid-ing principles from the...Today,we are holding the 14th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee to address the issue of promoting high-quality and full employment.Acting on the guid-ing principles from the 20th CPC National Congress,we will re-view the achievements and best practices in employment work in the new era,analyze the current employment landscape and key challenges,and explore approaches and measures to advance high-quality and full employment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a life-threatening syndrome associated with high short-term mortality.Accurate risk stratification is crucial for the mana-gement of ACLF.AIM To evaluate the prognosti...BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a life-threatening syndrome associated with high short-term mortality.Accurate risk stratification is crucial for the mana-gement of ACLF.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio(CAR)and its dynamic changes in patients with ACLF defined by the Chinese Group on Study of Severe Hepatitis B(COSSH)criteria.METHODS A total of 126 consecutive patients diagnosed with COSSH-ACLF were pros-pectively enrolled.CAR was calculated at admission and on days 4,7,and 14.The primary and secondary outcomes were 28-day and 90-day mortality,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of mortality.A novel prognostic model(COSSH-CAR),integrating baseline and dynamic variables,was developed and compared with established prognostic scoring systems.RESULTS The 28-day and 90-day mortality rates were 27.8%and 40.5%,respectively.Baseline CAR was significantly higher in 28-day non-survivors than in survivors(2.68 vs 1.42,P<0.001).The dynamic change in CAR from baseline to day 7(ΔCAR-7)showed stronger predictive power for 28-day mortality[area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)=0.765]than baseline CAR(AUC=0.698),ΔCAR-4(AUC=0.706)orΔCAR-14(AUC=0.712).Multivariate analysis identifiedΔCAR-7(HR=1.53),baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium(MELD-Na)score(HR=1.08),and hepatic encephalopathy grade(HR=1.92)as independent predictors of 28-day mortality(all P<0.05).The COSSH-CAR model,which incorporated these parameters,showed superior predictive performance(AUC=0.832)for 28-day mortality compared with established prognostic scores,including Child-Pugh(AUC=0.721),MELD-Na(AUC=0.768)and COSSH-ACLF(AUC=0.786)and effectively stratified patients into three risk categories with significantly different survival rates(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Dynamic changes in CAR during the first week provide important prognostic information in patients with COSSH-ACLF,surpassing baseline values and conventional inflammatory markers.The novel COSSH-CAR model improves risk stratification and may support clinical decision-making in the management of ACLF,pending ex-ternal validation in diverse populations.展开更多
文摘Is group studying better than studying alone?We've all experienced getting together with classmates to study for a coming exam and spending a lot of time talking or joking around.Everyone is different,which means everyone learns in the different way.You may require classical music,a warm room,and a cup of tea while you study.Someone else may re・quire complete silence,and no snacks at all.Studying alone helps you to set a perfect study environment so you get the most out of studying.It also helps you to use the most effective learning methods.Some students learn best with flashcards while others learn best when they reread texts.Find your learning methods,and make your studying be the best results.
文摘Objective:Chronic nonspecific musculoskeletal pain(CNMP)is a complex idiopathic condi-tion that causes significant disruption to patients’lives,their relationships,and functionality.The cause of CNMP is not fully understood,which makes diagnosis and management challenging.As general practitioners(GPs)are central to the management of chronic pain,their perspectives on managing CNMP are important.Purpose:To explore the clinical reasoning GPs use when diagnosing and managing CNMP.Methods:A qualitative study design using focus group discussion was conducted with Australian GPs.Five focus group discussion were conducted across Adelaide.All focus group discussions were audio-recorded,and transcripts were coded and analyzed thematically with the program NVivo.Results:The main themes remained consistent across the five focus group discussion’s:the ambiguous cause of CNMP;sex differences;developing the“right strategy”;patient-centered care;and verifying vitamin D levels.Conclusion:The findings show that GPs use a patient-centered approach tailored to indi-vidual patients’medical history,physical examination findings,and psychosocial health.There was general concern about low levels of vitamin D in patients with CNMP,and vitamin D supplements were recommended if indicated by a patient’s history.
文摘<正>一、什么是STUDY GROUP STUDY GROUP是牛津大学的A.B.Tayler博士和当时他的学生J.Ockendon等人在1968年创立的,它的原名是Oxford Study Group with Industry。这种活动历时一周,是由数学工作者和工业界人士参加的旨在解决实际问题的研讨会。在研讨会的第一天,由工业界代表陈述要解决的问题和目的要求,通常会有5~6个问题。后续2~3天按问题分组讨论,试图建立问题的数学模型和求解方法来解决问题。
文摘Knowledge propagation is a necessity,both in academics and in the industry.The focus of this work is on how to achieve rapid knowledge propaga-tion using collaborative study groups.The practice of knowledge sharing in study groupsfinds relevance in conferences,workshops,and class rooms.Unfortu-nately,there appears to be only few researches on empirical best practices and techniques on study groups formation,especially for achieving rapid knowledge propagation.This work bridges this gap by presenting a workflow driven compu-tational algorithm for autonomous and unbiased formation of study groups.The system workflow consists of a chronology of stages,each made of distinct steps.Two of the most important steps,subsumed within the algorithmic stage,are the algorithms that resolve the decisional problem of number of study groups to be formed,as well as the most effective permutation of the study group participants to form collaborative pairs.This work contributes a number of new algorithmic concepts,such as autonomous and unbiased matching,exhaustive multiplication technique,twisted round-robin transversal,equilibrium summation,among others.The concept of autonomous and unbiased matching is centered on the constitution of study groups and pairs purely based on the participants’performances in an examination,rather than through any external process.As part of practical demon-stration of this work,study group formation as well as unbiased pairing were fully demonstrated for a collaborative learning size of forty(40)participants,and partially for study groups of 50,60 and 80 participants.The quantitative proof of this work was done through the technique called equilibrium summation,as well as the calculation of inter-study group Pearson Correlation Coefficients,which resulted in values higher than 0.9 in all cases.Real life experimentation was carried out while teaching Object-Oriented Programming to forty(40)under-graduates between February and May 2021.Empirical result showed that the per-formance of the learners was improved appreciably.This work will therefore be of immense benefit to the industry,academics and research community involved in collaborative learning.
文摘This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.
文摘I.Lenovo: refocus on PC operation On December 8th, 2004, Lenovo consummated a deal with IBM whereby Lenovo was to acquire IBM’s desktop and laptop PC unit and its R&D and procurement operations worldwide for the sum of US$1.25 billion. On May 1st 2005, Lenovo completed its acquisition of IBM’s PC Unit. "Using an analogy, our enterprise is well likened to a tortoise but our foreign competitor is more like a rabbit. Instead of racing against the rabbit heads-on, we would rather ride on its back and let it carry us forward," said former Lenovo Chairman Liu Chuanzhi.
文摘Pseudopleuronectes yokamae (Günther) is one of the most important economic fish species in the genus living specially in the northwest Pacific, and is distributed in the southern area of the far east sea of Russia, Japan, Korea, the Huanghai Sea, the Bohai Sea and the northern area of the East China Sea. Usually they live in nearshore waters of these areas as geographic subpopulations. P. yokamae in the Sheath Bay belongs to a local group of the Huanghai-Bohai Sea subpopulation and is distributed in the mouth and adjacent waters of the bay all the year round, and the catch of its spawning group has
文摘作为数学工作者和产业界专业人士共同探讨实际问题的数学建模及其解决方案的一种国际合作形式,诞生40多年的Study Group with Industry(工业与应用数学国际研讨会)活动遍及世界各大洲,为数学工作者参与高技术领域的创新、产业部门发现和培养高素质人才提供了有效的平台。在中国科学院院士李大潜、英国皇家学会会员(Fellow)J.Ockendon的大力推动下,这项活动在中国的影响力正在逐步扩大[1]。
文摘BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.
文摘Objective To evaluate the value of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)on the assessment of synovial hyperplasia and International Prophylaxis Study Group(IPSG)score of hemophilic arthropathy(HA).Methods This was a retrospective case series study.Briefly,54 joints of 46 male patients with hemophilia type A and diagnosed with HA in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2016 to September 2017 were selected.Plain and enhanced MRI were performed at the same time.The IPSG score of synovial hyperplasia and the total joint before and after enhancement were calculated,and the enhancement rate of the synovium and muscles at the same level were also calculated.The differences in synovial hyperplasia and joint total IPSG scores before and after enhancement were compared by paired rank sum test.The correlation between enhancement joint total IPSG score,synovial IPSG score,synovial enhancement rate,total joint bleeding number,course of disease,and Hemophilia Joint Health Score(HJHS)score were analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis.Results Enhanced MRI could more clearly show synovial hyperplasia and ensure better accuracy of joint total IPSG score(Z=-2.24,P=0.025).The enhancement extent of synovial hyperplasia was higher than that of the same level muscle.There was no correlation between synovial enhancement rate and total number of joint bleeding,course of disease,and HJHS score.After enhancement,the joint total IPSG score wash ighly positively correlated with the total number of joint bleeding and the disease course(r=0.96,0.84,P<0.001)and moderately positively correlated with the HJHS score(r=0.58,P<0.001).The enhanced synovial IPSG score showed a low positive correlation with the total number of joint bleeding and the disease course(r=0.37,0.36,P=0.006,0.008),but no correlation with HJHS score.Conclusion Enhanced MRI can provide accurate imaging of synovial hyperplasia of HA and make joint IPSG score more accurate.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81960120 and 81660110the Postgraduate Innovation Special Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.YC2022-B052“Gan-Po Talent 555”Project of Jiangxi Province,No.GCZ(2012)-1.
文摘BACKGROUND The lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio(LWR)is a blood marker of the systemic inflammatory response.The prognostic value of LWR in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF)remains unclear.AIM To explore whether LWR could stratify the risk of poor outcomes in HBV-ACLF patients.METHODS This study was conducted by recruiting 330 patients with HBV-ACLF at the Department of Gastroenterology in a large tertiary hospital.Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups according to their 28-d prognosis.The independent risk factors for 28-d mortality were calculated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Patients were divided into low-and high-LWR groups according to the cutoff values.Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed according to the level of LWR.RESULTS During the 28-d follow-up time,135 patients died,and the mortality rate was 40.90%.The LWR level in non-surviving patients was significantly decreased compared to that in surviving patients.A lower LWR level was an independent risk factor for poor 28-d outcomes(hazard ratio=0.052,95%confidence interval:0.005-0.535).The LWR level was significantly negatively correlated with the Child-Turcotte-Pugh,model for end-stage liver disease,and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-ACLF II scores.In addition,the 28-d mortality was higher for patients with LWR<0.11 than for those with LWR≥0.11.CONCLUSION LWR may serve as a simple and useful tool for stratifying the risk of poor 28-d outcomes in HBVACLF patients.
文摘Objective To obtain information on the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial agent susceptibilities to group B streptococcus (GBS) strains isolated in Beijing area from 1991 to 1996. Methods Bacterial isolates of GBS were obtained from vaginal and cervical tract of pregnant and nonpregnant women in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital by culture. A total of 76 GBS strains were identified finally by coagglutination. Serotyping was determined by Standard Lancefield method. Susceptibility to test agents was assessed by determining the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) with agar dilution method that was established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Results Seven serotypes were identified among 76 GBS strains isolates. Types Ⅱ (33%), Ⅲ (23%) and Ⅰa (16%) were the predominant serotypes in pregnant and nonpregnant women. MICs of penicillin G and ampicillin were ≤0.06 μg/ml. MICs of cephazolin, cefuroxime and cefoperozone were 0.003 μg/ml 0.06 μg/ml. MICs of erythromycin were 0.003 μg/ml 0.03 μg/ml. MICs of gentamycin were 1 μg/ml 32 μg/ml. MICs of amikacin were 4 μg/ml ≥64 μg/ml, nearly 12.8% and 40.4% of the strains were resistant to gentamycin and amikacin, respectively. Conclusions Our study provides useful epidemiologic data for preparation of GBS type specific vaccines which can prevent GBS infections and antimicrobial agents susceptibility patterns in China. Routine reports on GBS susceptibilities by clinical laboratories and continuous surveillance for changes in the susceptibility are of considerable clinical importance.
文摘From the PersPective of the systemsaPProaeh,the urban eeonomie functions re-fer to the role Played by the eeonomy of theeity in its surrounding areas.Beeause of different geograPhieal loeations,historiealeonditions,the various roles and funetionsof the eities in the national economy,theeeonomie funetions of a eity may be of
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The initiation mechanism of acrylamide (AAM)polymerization using ceric ion/acetylacetone system as an initiator has been studied. The redox polymerization was revealed by the low value of overall activation energy of AAm polymerization. The structure of free radicals formed from above-mentioned initiation sytem were detected by radical trapping and ESR spectra techniques and the end groups of polymers obtained were determined by FT-IR spectra analysis method. Based on these results the initiation mechanism is proposed.
文摘Today,we are holding the 14th group study session of the Political Bureau of the 20th CPC Central Committee to address the issue of promoting high-quality and full employment.Acting on the guid-ing principles from the 20th CPC National Congress,we will re-view the achievements and best practices in employment work in the new era,analyze the current employment landscape and key challenges,and explore approaches and measures to advance high-quality and full employment.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a life-threatening syndrome associated with high short-term mortality.Accurate risk stratification is crucial for the mana-gement of ACLF.AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio(CAR)and its dynamic changes in patients with ACLF defined by the Chinese Group on Study of Severe Hepatitis B(COSSH)criteria.METHODS A total of 126 consecutive patients diagnosed with COSSH-ACLF were pros-pectively enrolled.CAR was calculated at admission and on days 4,7,and 14.The primary and secondary outcomes were 28-day and 90-day mortality,respectively.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of mortality.A novel prognostic model(COSSH-CAR),integrating baseline and dynamic variables,was developed and compared with established prognostic scoring systems.RESULTS The 28-day and 90-day mortality rates were 27.8%and 40.5%,respectively.Baseline CAR was significantly higher in 28-day non-survivors than in survivors(2.68 vs 1.42,P<0.001).The dynamic change in CAR from baseline to day 7(ΔCAR-7)showed stronger predictive power for 28-day mortality[area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)=0.765]than baseline CAR(AUC=0.698),ΔCAR-4(AUC=0.706)orΔCAR-14(AUC=0.712).Multivariate analysis identifiedΔCAR-7(HR=1.53),baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium(MELD-Na)score(HR=1.08),and hepatic encephalopathy grade(HR=1.92)as independent predictors of 28-day mortality(all P<0.05).The COSSH-CAR model,which incorporated these parameters,showed superior predictive performance(AUC=0.832)for 28-day mortality compared with established prognostic scores,including Child-Pugh(AUC=0.721),MELD-Na(AUC=0.768)and COSSH-ACLF(AUC=0.786)and effectively stratified patients into three risk categories with significantly different survival rates(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Dynamic changes in CAR during the first week provide important prognostic information in patients with COSSH-ACLF,surpassing baseline values and conventional inflammatory markers.The novel COSSH-CAR model improves risk stratification and may support clinical decision-making in the management of ACLF,pending ex-ternal validation in diverse populations.
