Defect engineering is a commonly methodology used to enhance the thermoelectric performance of thermoelectric PbTe by improving its electronic transport properties.At the nanoscale,defects can induce quantum tunneling...Defect engineering is a commonly methodology used to enhance the thermoelectric performance of thermoelectric PbTe by improving its electronic transport properties.At the nanoscale,defects can induce quantum tunneling effects that significantly impact the electrical properties of materials.To understand the specific mechanisms underlying the quantum transport properties of PbTe,we employ the non-equilibrium Green's function(NEGF)method to investigate the effects of intrinsic defects(point defects and grain boundaries)on the electronic transport properties of PbTe-based nanodevices from a quantum mechanical perspective.Our results show that the Pb vacancy(VPb)has the highest conduction.The conduction depends on the defect type,chemical potential and bias voltage.The presence of intrinsic point defects introduces impurity levels,facilitating the electron tunneling and leading to an increase in the transmission coefficient,thereby enhancing the electronic transport properties.For PbTe containing grain boundaries,these boundaries suppress the electronic transport properties.The Te occupied twin boundary(Te-TB)exerts a stronger inhibitory effect than the Pb occupied twin boundary(Pb-TB).Nevertheless,the combined effect between twin boundaries and point defects can enhance the electrical properties.Therefore,in order to obtain highly conductive of PbTe materials,a Te-rich synthesis environment should be used to promote the effective formation of Pb vacancy.Our work offers a comprehensive understanding of the impact of defects on electron scattering in thermoelectric materials.展开更多
Understanding the effects of point liquid loading on transversely isotropic poroelastic media is crucial for advancing geomechanics and biomechanics, where precise modeling of fluid-structure interactions is essential...Understanding the effects of point liquid loading on transversely isotropic poroelastic media is crucial for advancing geomechanics and biomechanics, where precise modeling of fluid-structure interactions is essential. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of infinite transversely isotropic poroelasticity under a fluid source, based on Biot's theory, aiming to uncover new and previously unexplored insights in the literature. We begin our study by deriving a general solution for fluid-saturated, transversely isotropic poroelastic materials in terms of harmonic functions that satisfy sixth-order homogeneous partial differential equations, using potential theory and Almansi's theorem. Based on these general solutions and potential functions, we construct a Green's function for a point fluid source, introducing three new harmonic functions with undetermined constants. These constants are determined by enforcing continuity and equilibrium conditions. Substituting these into the general solution yields fundamental solutions for poroelasticity that provide crucial support for a wide range of project problems. Numerical results and comparisons with existing literature are provided to illustrate physical mechanisms through contour plots. Our observations reveal that all components tend to zero in the far field and become singular at the concentrated source. Additionally, the contours exhibit rapid changes near the point fluid source but display gradual variations at a distance from it. These findings highlight the intricate behavior of the system under point liquid loading, offering valuable insights for further research and practical applications.展开更多
In this paper,we study a class of Sturm-Liouville problems,where the boundary conditions involve eigenparameters.Firstly,by defining a new inner product which depends on the transmission conditions,we obtain a new Hil...In this paper,we study a class of Sturm-Liouville problems,where the boundary conditions involve eigenparameters.Firstly,by defining a new inner product which depends on the transmission conditions,we obtain a new Hilbert space,on which the concerned operator A is self-adjoint.Then we construct the fundamental solutions to the problem,obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for eigenvalues,and prove that the eigenvalues are simple.Finally,we investigate Green’s functions of such problem.展开更多
Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing neurocognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),but the neurobiological mechanisms linking synaptic pathology,n...Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing neurocognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),but the neurobiological mechanisms linking synaptic pathology,neural oscillatory dynamics,and brain network reorganization remain unclear.This investigation seeks to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of rTMS as a non-invasive neuromodulatory intervention through a multimodal framework integrating clinical assessments,molecular profiling,and neurophysiological monitoring.Methods In this prospective double-blind trial,12 AD patients underwent a 14-day protocol of 20 Hz rTMS,with comprehensive multimodal assessments performed pre-and postintervention.Cognitive functioning was quantified using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MOCA),while daily living capacities and neuropsychiatric profiles were respectively evaluated through the activities of daily living(ADL)scale and combined neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI)-Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD).Peripheral blood biomarkers,specifically Aβ1-40 and phosphorylated tau(p-tau181),were analyzed to investigate the effects of rTMS on molecular metabolism.Spectral power analysis was employed to investigate rTMS-induced modulations of neural rhythms in AD patients,while brain network analyses incorporating topological properties were conducted to examine stimulus-driven network reorganization.Furthermore,systematic assessment of correlations between cognitive scale scores,blood biomarkers,and network characteristics was performed to elucidate cross-modal therapeutic associations.Results Clinically,MMSE and MOCA scores improved significantly(P<0.05).Biomarker showed that Aβ1-40 level increased(P<0.05),contrasting with p-tau181 reduction.Moreover,the levels of Aβ1-40 were positively correlated with MMSE and MOCA scores.Post-intervention analyses revealed significant modulations in oscillatory power,characterized by pronounced reductions in delta(P<0.05)and theta bands(P<0.05),while concurrent enhancements were observed in alpha,beta,and gamma band activities(all P<0.05).Network analysis revealed frequency-specific reorganization:clustering coefficients were significantly decreased in delta,theta,and alpha bands(P<0.05),while global efficiency improvement was exclusively detected in the delta band(P<0.05).The alpha band demonstrated concurrent increases in average nodal degree(P<0.05)and characteristic path length reduction(P<0.05).Further research findings indicate that the changes in the clinical scale HAMD scores before and after rTMS stimulation are negatively correlated with the changes in the blood biomarkers Aβ1-40 and p-tau181.Additionally,the changes in the clinical scales MMSE and MoCA scores were negatively correlated with the changes in the node degree of the alpha frequency band and negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the delta frequency band.However,the changes in MMSE scores are positively correlated with the changes in global efficiency of both the delta and alpha frequency bands.Conclusion 20 Hz rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)significantly improves cognitive function and enhances the metabolic clearance ofβ-amyloid and tau proteins in AD patients.This neurotherapeutic effect is mechanistically associated with rTMS-mediated frequency-selective neuromodulation,which enhances the connectivity of oscillatory networks through improved neuronal synchronization and optimized topological organization of functional brain networks.These findings not only support the efficacy of rTMS as an adjunctive therapy for AD but also underscore the importance of employing multiple assessment methods—including clinical scales,blood biomarkers,and EEG——in understanding and monitoring the progression of AD.This research provides a significant theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for further exploration of rTMS applications in AD treatment.展开更多
In this paper,we obtain a normality criterion for families of meromorphic functions concerning‘wandering’shared functions,which generalizes and improves Montel’s criterion and the related results due to Schwick,Xu-...In this paper,we obtain a normality criterion for families of meromorphic functions concerning‘wandering’shared functions,which generalizes and improves Montel’s criterion and the related results due to Schwick,Xu-Fang,Xu-Qiu,and Grahl-Nevo.Also,a normality relationship between two families is given.展开更多
Amino acids have emerged as promising green alternatives to replace toxic inhibitors in corrosion protection applications.In this study,we present a one-step synthetic approach to get 4-(tert-butyl)benzoyl)methionine(...Amino acids have emerged as promising green alternatives to replace toxic inhibitors in corrosion protection applications.In this study,we present a one-step synthetic approach to get 4-(tert-butyl)benzoyl)methionine(P-Meth)and 4-(tert-butyl)benzoyl)cysteine(P-Cys)through the acylation reactions between methionine or cysteine and p-tert-butylbenzoic acid,respectively,which exhibit a super protective performance toward metals against corrosion.The corrosion rates of Q235 steel in 1 M HCl were reduced from 4.542 to 0.202and 0.312 mg·h^(-1)·cm^(-2)in the presence of 100 mg·L^(-1)P-Meth and P-Cys,respectively.The surface structures of Q235 steel remained unbroken after 12 h in 1 M HCl medium.The charge transfer resistances of corrosion reactions were enhanced by 12 and 9 times in the presence of P-Meth and P-Cys,respectively.P-Meth and P-Cys were adsorbed onto the Q235 steel via chemical actions,which were accompanied by minimal physical action.Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrate the higher binding energy of P-Meth onto Q235 steel than P-Cys.The study contributes to the corrosion protection of metals with green and environmentally friendly methods.展开更多
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), mer...Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.展开更多
Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study a...Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.展开更多
The numerical simulation of the fluid flow and the flexible rod(s)interaction is more complicated and has lower efficiency due to the high computational cost.In this paper,a semi-resolved model coupling the computatio...The numerical simulation of the fluid flow and the flexible rod(s)interaction is more complicated and has lower efficiency due to the high computational cost.In this paper,a semi-resolved model coupling the computational fluid dynamics and the flexible rod dynamics is proposed using a two-way domain expansion method.The gov-erning equations of the flexible rod dynamics are discretized and solved by the finite element method,and the fluid flow is simulated by the finite volume method.The interaction between fluids and solid rods is modeled by introducing body force terms into the momentum equations.Referred to the traditional semi-resolved numerical model,an anisotropic Gaussian kernel function method is proposed to specify the interactive forces between flu-ids and solid bodies for non-circle rod cross-sections.A benchmark of the flow passing around a single flexible plate with a rectangular cross-section is used to validate the algorithm.Focused on the engineering applications,a test case of a finite patch of cylinders is implemented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the coupled model.展开更多
This paper introduces a hybrid approach combining Green’s function Monte Carlo(GFMC)method with projected entangled pair state(PEPS)ansatz.This hybrid method regards PEPS as a trial state and a guiding wave function ...This paper introduces a hybrid approach combining Green’s function Monte Carlo(GFMC)method with projected entangled pair state(PEPS)ansatz.This hybrid method regards PEPS as a trial state and a guiding wave function in GFMC.By leveraging PEPS’s proficiency in capturing quantum state entanglement and GFMC’s efficient parallel architecture,the hybrid method is well-suited for the accurate and efficient treatment of frustrated quantum spin systems.As a benchmark,we applied this approach to study the frustrated J_(1)–J_(2) Heisenberg model on a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions(PBCs).Compared with other numerical methods,our approach integrating PEPS and GFMC shows competitive accuracy in the performance of ground-state energy.This paper provides systematic and comprehensive discussion of the approach of our previous work[Phys.Rev.B 109235133(2024)].展开更多
Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple ...Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple datasets to explore the effects of land-scape patterns and natural environments on the functional diversity of birds in urban parks and campuses in the eastern and northwest-ern regions of China.Firstly,we used the data to calculate birds of the functional richness(FRic),functional evenness(FEve),and functional divergence(FDiv)of 68 urban spaces in the eastern and northwestern regions of China.Further,we established generalized linear models of natural factors,human factors,and functional diversity.Results showed more bird species with unique traits were in the north-western region.This may be because the earlier urbanization in the eastern region filtered out urban-sensitive species,leaving behind urban adapters.Moreover,we found that the fractal dimension index was the most significant positive factor of FRic in the eastern region but the most significant negative factor of FDiv.Elevation was the most significant negative influence factor of FEve in the eastern region,but it was the most potent positive influence factor of FRic in the northwestern region.Population density had a significant positive effect on FDiv in the northwestern region.However,green space areas significantly negatively impacted FEve in the northwestern region.In addition,birds in parks in both regions had more functional traits than those on campuses,possibly because of the larger green space in parks,which may contain more fragments of native vegetation and reduce human interference.Our study suggests that preserving more original vegetation and reducing human disturbance in cities can increase the functional diversity of urban birds and im-prove urban ecosystem functions.展开更多
To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evi...To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].展开更多
The solution of Poisson’s Equation plays an important role in many areas, including modeling high-intensity and high-brightness beams in particle accelerators. For the computational domain with a large aspect ratio, ...The solution of Poisson’s Equation plays an important role in many areas, including modeling high-intensity and high-brightness beams in particle accelerators. For the computational domain with a large aspect ratio, the integrated Green’s function method has been adopted to solve the 3D Poisson equation subject to open boundary conditions. In this paper, we report on the efficient implementation of this method, which can save more than a factor of 50 computing time compared with the direct brute force implementation and its improvement under certain extreme conditions.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones a...This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.展开更多
By using integral transform methods, the Green(s functions of horizontal harmonic force applied at the interior of the saturated half-space soil are obtained in the paper. The general solutions of the Biot dynamic equ...By using integral transform methods, the Green(s functions of horizontal harmonic force applied at the interior of the saturated half-space soil are obtained in the paper. The general solutions of the Biot dynamic equations in frequency domain are established through the use of Hankel integral transforms technique. Utilizing the above- mentioned general solutions, and the boundary conditions of the surface of the half-space and the continuous conditions at the plane of the horizontal force, the solutions of the boundary value problem can be determined. By the numerical inverse Hankel transforms method, the Green(s functions of the harmonic horizontal force are obtainable. The degenerate case of the results deduced from this paper agrees well with the known results. Two numerical examples are given in the paper.展开更多
We present a method to unify the calculation of Green＇s functions for an electromagnetic（EM） transmitting source embedded in a homogeneous stratified medium.A virtual interface parallel to layer interfaces is intro...We present a method to unify the calculation of Green＇s functions for an electromagnetic（EM） transmitting source embedded in a homogeneous stratified medium.A virtual interface parallel to layer interfaces is introduced through the source location.The potentials for Green＇s function are derived by decomposing the partial wave solutions to Helmholtz＇s equations into upward and downward within boundaries.The amplitudes of the potentials in each stratum are obtained recursively from the initial amplitudes at the source level.The initial amplitudes are derived by coupling with the transmitting sources and following the discontinuity of the tangential electric and magnetic fields at the source interface.Only the initial terms are related to the transmitting sources and thus need to be modified for different transmitters,whereas the kernel connected with the stratified media stays unchanged.Hence,the present method can be easily applied to EM transmitting sources with little modification.The application of the proposed method to the marine controlled-source electromagnetic method（MCSEM） demonstrates its simplicity and flexibility.展开更多
The traditional calculation method of frequency-domain Green function mainly utilizes series or asymptotic expansion to carry out numerical approximation, however, this method requires very careful zoning, thus the co...The traditional calculation method of frequency-domain Green function mainly utilizes series or asymptotic expansion to carry out numerical approximation, however, this method requires very careful zoning, thus the computing process is complex with many cycles, which has greatly affected the computing efficiency. To improve the computing efficiency, this paper introduces Gaussian integral to the numerical calculation of the frequency-domain Green function and its partial derivatives. It then compares the calculation result with that in existing references. The comparison results demonstrate that, on the basis of its sufficient accuracy, the method has greatly simplified the computing process, reduced the zoning and improved the computing efficiency.展开更多
目的探讨肠道屏障功能、IL-6、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)指标在克罗恩病合并贫血患者中的变化及应用价值。方法选取2022年6月至2023年4月至南京市第二医院就诊的克罗恩病患者155例。根据血红蛋白检测结果将患者分为贫血...目的探讨肠道屏障功能、IL-6、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)指标在克罗恩病合并贫血患者中的变化及应用价值。方法选取2022年6月至2023年4月至南京市第二医院就诊的克罗恩病患者155例。根据血红蛋白检测结果将患者分为贫血组(55例)及非贫血组(100例),对两组间DAO、D-LA、BT、IL-6及ESR水平进行比较,并进行相关统计学分析。结果与非贫血组相比,贫血组患者D-LA水平明显降低,IL-6及ESR水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组间DAO、BT水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在贫血组中,血清D-LA水平与BT水平呈正相关、与IL-6呈负相关;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,ESR水平是克罗恩病患者贫血的独立影响因素(OR=1.963,P<0.05);D-LA、IL-6及ESR判断克罗恩病合并贫血的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.322、0.714、0.737(P均<0.05),DAO及BT的AUC差异无统计学意义。结论克罗恩病合并贫血患者肠道屏障功能、IL-6及ESR水平发生明显变化,做好其分析对克罗恩病患者的贫血发生机制研究以及临床诊疗具有积极意义。展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12474016)the program of“Distinguished Expert of Taishan Scholar”(No.tstp20221124)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172212,12474017)the Shandong Provincial Science Foundation(ZR2021YQ03)the program for“Young Scientists of Taishan Scholars”(No.tsqn202306184)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12464034)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia,China(No.2024AAC05070)。
文摘Defect engineering is a commonly methodology used to enhance the thermoelectric performance of thermoelectric PbTe by improving its electronic transport properties.At the nanoscale,defects can induce quantum tunneling effects that significantly impact the electrical properties of materials.To understand the specific mechanisms underlying the quantum transport properties of PbTe,we employ the non-equilibrium Green's function(NEGF)method to investigate the effects of intrinsic defects(point defects and grain boundaries)on the electronic transport properties of PbTe-based nanodevices from a quantum mechanical perspective.Our results show that the Pb vacancy(VPb)has the highest conduction.The conduction depends on the defect type,chemical potential and bias voltage.The presence of intrinsic point defects introduces impurity levels,facilitating the electron tunneling and leading to an increase in the transmission coefficient,thereby enhancing the electronic transport properties.For PbTe containing grain boundaries,these boundaries suppress the electronic transport properties.The Te occupied twin boundary(Te-TB)exerts a stronger inhibitory effect than the Pb occupied twin boundary(Pb-TB).Nevertheless,the combined effect between twin boundaries and point defects can enhance the electrical properties.Therefore,in order to obtain highly conductive of PbTe materials,a Te-rich synthesis environment should be used to promote the effective formation of Pb vacancy.Our work offers a comprehensive understanding of the impact of defects on electron scattering in thermoelectric materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12272269, 11972257,11832014 and 11472193)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Researchthe Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Program Development。
文摘Understanding the effects of point liquid loading on transversely isotropic poroelastic media is crucial for advancing geomechanics and biomechanics, where precise modeling of fluid-structure interactions is essential. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of infinite transversely isotropic poroelasticity under a fluid source, based on Biot's theory, aiming to uncover new and previously unexplored insights in the literature. We begin our study by deriving a general solution for fluid-saturated, transversely isotropic poroelastic materials in terms of harmonic functions that satisfy sixth-order homogeneous partial differential equations, using potential theory and Almansi's theorem. Based on these general solutions and potential functions, we construct a Green's function for a point fluid source, introducing three new harmonic functions with undetermined constants. These constants are determined by enforcing continuity and equilibrium conditions. Substituting these into the general solution yields fundamental solutions for poroelasticity that provide crucial support for a wide range of project problems. Numerical results and comparisons with existing literature are provided to illustrate physical mechanisms through contour plots. Our observations reveal that all components tend to zero in the far field and become singular at the concentrated source. Additionally, the contours exhibit rapid changes near the point fluid source but display gradual variations at a distance from it. These findings highlight the intricate behavior of the system under point liquid loading, offering valuable insights for further research and practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12461086)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFC016)。
文摘In this paper,we study a class of Sturm-Liouville problems,where the boundary conditions involve eigenparameters.Firstly,by defining a new inner product which depends on the transmission conditions,we obtain a new Hilbert space,on which the concerned operator A is self-adjoint.Then we construct the fundamental solutions to the problem,obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for eigenvalues,and prove that the eigenvalues are simple.Finally,we investigate Green’s functions of such problem.
文摘Objective Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing neurocognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD),but the neurobiological mechanisms linking synaptic pathology,neural oscillatory dynamics,and brain network reorganization remain unclear.This investigation seeks to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of rTMS as a non-invasive neuromodulatory intervention through a multimodal framework integrating clinical assessments,molecular profiling,and neurophysiological monitoring.Methods In this prospective double-blind trial,12 AD patients underwent a 14-day protocol of 20 Hz rTMS,with comprehensive multimodal assessments performed pre-and postintervention.Cognitive functioning was quantified using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and Montreal cognitive assessment(MOCA),while daily living capacities and neuropsychiatric profiles were respectively evaluated through the activities of daily living(ADL)scale and combined neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI)-Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD).Peripheral blood biomarkers,specifically Aβ1-40 and phosphorylated tau(p-tau181),were analyzed to investigate the effects of rTMS on molecular metabolism.Spectral power analysis was employed to investigate rTMS-induced modulations of neural rhythms in AD patients,while brain network analyses incorporating topological properties were conducted to examine stimulus-driven network reorganization.Furthermore,systematic assessment of correlations between cognitive scale scores,blood biomarkers,and network characteristics was performed to elucidate cross-modal therapeutic associations.Results Clinically,MMSE and MOCA scores improved significantly(P<0.05).Biomarker showed that Aβ1-40 level increased(P<0.05),contrasting with p-tau181 reduction.Moreover,the levels of Aβ1-40 were positively correlated with MMSE and MOCA scores.Post-intervention analyses revealed significant modulations in oscillatory power,characterized by pronounced reductions in delta(P<0.05)and theta bands(P<0.05),while concurrent enhancements were observed in alpha,beta,and gamma band activities(all P<0.05).Network analysis revealed frequency-specific reorganization:clustering coefficients were significantly decreased in delta,theta,and alpha bands(P<0.05),while global efficiency improvement was exclusively detected in the delta band(P<0.05).The alpha band demonstrated concurrent increases in average nodal degree(P<0.05)and characteristic path length reduction(P<0.05).Further research findings indicate that the changes in the clinical scale HAMD scores before and after rTMS stimulation are negatively correlated with the changes in the blood biomarkers Aβ1-40 and p-tau181.Additionally,the changes in the clinical scales MMSE and MoCA scores were negatively correlated with the changes in the node degree of the alpha frequency band and negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the delta frequency band.However,the changes in MMSE scores are positively correlated with the changes in global efficiency of both the delta and alpha frequency bands.Conclusion 20 Hz rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)significantly improves cognitive function and enhances the metabolic clearance ofβ-amyloid and tau proteins in AD patients.This neurotherapeutic effect is mechanistically associated with rTMS-mediated frequency-selective neuromodulation,which enhances the connectivity of oscillatory networks through improved neuronal synchronization and optimized topological organization of functional brain networks.These findings not only support the efficacy of rTMS as an adjunctive therapy for AD but also underscore the importance of employing multiple assessment methods—including clinical scales,blood biomarkers,and EEG——in understanding and monitoring the progression of AD.This research provides a significant theoretical foundation and empirical evidence for further exploration of rTMS applications in AD treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11471163)。
文摘In this paper,we obtain a normality criterion for families of meromorphic functions concerning‘wandering’shared functions,which generalizes and improves Montel’s criterion and the related results due to Schwick,Xu-Fang,Xu-Qiu,and Grahl-Nevo.Also,a normality relationship between two families is given.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Fund(Nos.JSGG20201103153807021,GXWD20220811173736002,and KCXFZ20230731094904009)We are also grateful to the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021 A1515110366)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22302048,82204231,and 22004024)the Shenzhen High Tech Zone Development Special Plan Innovation Platform Construction Project,China(No.29853MKCJ-2023-002-11)。
文摘Amino acids have emerged as promising green alternatives to replace toxic inhibitors in corrosion protection applications.In this study,we present a one-step synthetic approach to get 4-(tert-butyl)benzoyl)methionine(P-Meth)and 4-(tert-butyl)benzoyl)cysteine(P-Cys)through the acylation reactions between methionine or cysteine and p-tert-butylbenzoic acid,respectively,which exhibit a super protective performance toward metals against corrosion.The corrosion rates of Q235 steel in 1 M HCl were reduced from 4.542 to 0.202and 0.312 mg·h^(-1)·cm^(-2)in the presence of 100 mg·L^(-1)P-Meth and P-Cys,respectively.The surface structures of Q235 steel remained unbroken after 12 h in 1 M HCl medium.The charge transfer resistances of corrosion reactions were enhanced by 12 and 9 times in the presence of P-Meth and P-Cys,respectively.P-Meth and P-Cys were adsorbed onto the Q235 steel via chemical actions,which were accompanied by minimal physical action.Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrate the higher binding energy of P-Meth onto Q235 steel than P-Cys.The study contributes to the corrosion protection of metals with green and environmentally friendly methods.
基金support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471018,22071008,22208018)support provided by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818100012025).
文摘Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.
基金funded by the National Non Profit Research Institutions of the Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAFYBB2020ZB008)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371936)the Research Projects in Anhui Universities in 2022(natural sciences)(2022AH051874).
文摘Urbanization has profound impacts on ecological environments. Green spaces are a vital component of urban ecosystems and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and enhancing sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the community composition characteristics of butterflies in urban green spaces within the context of rapid urbanization. Simultaneously, it explored the status and differences in butterfly taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and functional traits among different types of urban green spaces, regions, and urban gradients to provide relevant insights for further improving urban green space quality and promoting biodiversity conservation. We conducted a year-long survey of 80 green spaces across different urban regions and ring roads within Hefei City, Anhui Province, with monthly sampling intervals over 187 transects. A total of 4822 butterflies, belonging to 5 families, 17 subfamilies, 40 genera, and 55 species were identified. The species richness, Shannon, Simpson, functional richness, and Rao's quadratic entropy indices of butterflies in urban park green spaces were all significantly higher than those in residential and street green spaces(P < 0.05). Differences in butterfly diversity and functional traits among different urban regions and ring roads were relatively minor, and small-sized, multivoltine, and long flying duration butterflies dominated urban green spaces. Overall, these spaces offer more favorable habitats for butterflies. However, some residential green spaces and street green spaces demonstrate potential for butterfly conservation.
基金supported by Shanghai 2021“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”:Social Development Science and Technology Research Project(Grant No.21DZ1202703).
文摘The numerical simulation of the fluid flow and the flexible rod(s)interaction is more complicated and has lower efficiency due to the high computational cost.In this paper,a semi-resolved model coupling the computational fluid dynamics and the flexible rod dynamics is proposed using a two-way domain expansion method.The gov-erning equations of the flexible rod dynamics are discretized and solved by the finite element method,and the fluid flow is simulated by the finite volume method.The interaction between fluids and solid rods is modeled by introducing body force terms into the momentum equations.Referred to the traditional semi-resolved numerical model,an anisotropic Gaussian kernel function method is proposed to specify the interactive forces between flu-ids and solid bodies for non-circle rod cross-sections.A benchmark of the flow passing around a single flexible plate with a rectangular cross-section is used to validate the algorithm.Focused on the engineering applications,a test case of a finite patch of cylinders is implemented to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the coupled model.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11934020)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302402).
文摘This paper introduces a hybrid approach combining Green’s function Monte Carlo(GFMC)method with projected entangled pair state(PEPS)ansatz.This hybrid method regards PEPS as a trial state and a guiding wave function in GFMC.By leveraging PEPS’s proficiency in capturing quantum state entanglement and GFMC’s efficient parallel architecture,the hybrid method is well-suited for the accurate and efficient treatment of frustrated quantum spin systems.As a benchmark,we applied this approach to study the frustrated J_(1)–J_(2) Heisenberg model on a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions(PBCs).Compared with other numerical methods,our approach integrating PEPS and GFMC shows competitive accuracy in the performance of ground-state energy.This paper provides systematic and comprehensive discussion of the approach of our previous work[Phys.Rev.B 109235133(2024)].
基金Under the auspices of the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-STNY-2024)。
文摘Urbanization often changes bird species richness and affects the functional diversity.Therefore,understanding these changes helps city planners improve green space design and land use planning.Our study used multiple datasets to explore the effects of land-scape patterns and natural environments on the functional diversity of birds in urban parks and campuses in the eastern and northwest-ern regions of China.Firstly,we used the data to calculate birds of the functional richness(FRic),functional evenness(FEve),and functional divergence(FDiv)of 68 urban spaces in the eastern and northwestern regions of China.Further,we established generalized linear models of natural factors,human factors,and functional diversity.Results showed more bird species with unique traits were in the north-western region.This may be because the earlier urbanization in the eastern region filtered out urban-sensitive species,leaving behind urban adapters.Moreover,we found that the fractal dimension index was the most significant positive factor of FRic in the eastern region but the most significant negative factor of FDiv.Elevation was the most significant negative influence factor of FEve in the eastern region,but it was the most potent positive influence factor of FRic in the northwestern region.Population density had a significant positive effect on FDiv in the northwestern region.However,green space areas significantly negatively impacted FEve in the northwestern region.In addition,birds in parks in both regions had more functional traits than those on campuses,possibly because of the larger green space in parks,which may contain more fragments of native vegetation and reduce human interference.Our study suggests that preserving more original vegetation and reducing human disturbance in cities can increase the functional diversity of urban birds and im-prove urban ecosystem functions.
文摘To the Editor:Laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is widely used as a standard procedure for liver malignancies and benign diseases.Consensus guidelines stated that LLR may be feasible and safe in experienced centers.Evidence has shown that LLR is less invasive and has bet-ter patient prognosis than conventional procedures[1].However,laparoscopic anatomic liver resection(LALR)such as segment 8(S8)resection is still challenging due to difficulties in segmental mapping and surgical techniques[2,3].Liver S8 is in a deep-seated area surrounded by the ribs and the diaphragm,and closely con-nected to the right and middle hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.Furthermore,the Glissonean pedicle of segment 8(G8)is lo-cated deep in the liver parenchyma,lacking anatomical landmarks,and making forceps manipulation difficult.Therefore,LALR-S8 has been described as the most challenging procedure[4].
文摘The solution of Poisson’s Equation plays an important role in many areas, including modeling high-intensity and high-brightness beams in particle accelerators. For the computational domain with a large aspect ratio, the integrated Green’s function method has been adopted to solve the 3D Poisson equation subject to open boundary conditions. In this paper, we report on the efficient implementation of this method, which can save more than a factor of 50 computing time compared with the direct brute force implementation and its improvement under certain extreme conditions.
文摘This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.
基金State Natural Science Foundation (59879012) and Doctoral Foundation from State Education Commission (98024832).
文摘By using integral transform methods, the Green(s functions of horizontal harmonic force applied at the interior of the saturated half-space soil are obtained in the paper. The general solutions of the Biot dynamic equations in frequency domain are established through the use of Hankel integral transforms technique. Utilizing the above- mentioned general solutions, and the boundary conditions of the surface of the half-space and the continuous conditions at the plane of the horizontal force, the solutions of the boundary value problem can be determined. By the numerical inverse Hankel transforms method, the Green(s functions of the harmonic horizontal force are obtainable. The degenerate case of the results deduced from this paper agrees well with the known results. Two numerical examples are given in the paper.
基金supported by CNSF(Granted No.40874050)Chinese High Technology Project(Granted No.2011YQ05006010)
文摘We present a method to unify the calculation of Green＇s functions for an electromagnetic（EM） transmitting source embedded in a homogeneous stratified medium.A virtual interface parallel to layer interfaces is introduced through the source location.The potentials for Green＇s function are derived by decomposing the partial wave solutions to Helmholtz＇s equations into upward and downward within boundaries.The amplitudes of the potentials in each stratum are obtained recursively from the initial amplitudes at the source level.The initial amplitudes are derived by coupling with the transmitting sources and following the discontinuity of the tangential electric and magnetic fields at the source interface.Only the initial terms are related to the transmitting sources and thus need to be modified for different transmitters,whereas the kernel connected with the stratified media stays unchanged.Hence,the present method can be easily applied to EM transmitting sources with little modification.The application of the proposed method to the marine controlled-source electromagnetic method（MCSEM） demonstrates its simplicity and flexibility.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50779007the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China under Grant No.50809018+2 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No.20070217074the Defence Advance Research Program of Science and Technology of Ship Industry under Grant No.07J1.1.6Harbin Engineering University Foundation under Grant No.HEUFT07069
文摘The traditional calculation method of frequency-domain Green function mainly utilizes series or asymptotic expansion to carry out numerical approximation, however, this method requires very careful zoning, thus the computing process is complex with many cycles, which has greatly affected the computing efficiency. To improve the computing efficiency, this paper introduces Gaussian integral to the numerical calculation of the frequency-domain Green function and its partial derivatives. It then compares the calculation result with that in existing references. The comparison results demonstrate that, on the basis of its sufficient accuracy, the method has greatly simplified the computing process, reduced the zoning and improved the computing efficiency.
文摘目的探讨肠道屏障功能、IL-6、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)指标在克罗恩病合并贫血患者中的变化及应用价值。方法选取2022年6月至2023年4月至南京市第二医院就诊的克罗恩病患者155例。根据血红蛋白检测结果将患者分为贫血组(55例)及非贫血组(100例),对两组间DAO、D-LA、BT、IL-6及ESR水平进行比较,并进行相关统计学分析。结果与非贫血组相比,贫血组患者D-LA水平明显降低,IL-6及ESR水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组间DAO、BT水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在贫血组中,血清D-LA水平与BT水平呈正相关、与IL-6呈负相关;二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,ESR水平是克罗恩病患者贫血的独立影响因素(OR=1.963,P<0.05);D-LA、IL-6及ESR判断克罗恩病合并贫血的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.322、0.714、0.737(P均<0.05),DAO及BT的AUC差异无统计学意义。结论克罗恩病合并贫血患者肠道屏障功能、IL-6及ESR水平发生明显变化,做好其分析对克罗恩病患者的贫血发生机制研究以及临床诊疗具有积极意义。
