Maize is an important source of calories and protein in human lives in many countries of the world and is the main staple food in Africa, particularly in eastern Africa. In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly...Maize is an important source of calories and protein in human lives in many countries of the world and is the main staple food in Africa, particularly in eastern Africa. In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly due to the use of low yielding landraces. It is necessary to carry out breeding programs that deal with the production of high yielding, adaptable new varieties. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genotypic performance and interrelationships among the traits. Ten maize genotypes evaluated at White Nile Research Station Farm, Kosti, of the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani Sudan were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the two seasons of 2021 and 2022. Most evaluated genotypes exhibited a wide and significant variation in the 11 measured traits. Genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% tasseling, ear diameter (cm), number of grains per row and grain yield (t/ha) in both seasons. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for grain yield, ear length, ear height, plant height, number of rows per ear, ear weight, days to 50% tasseling, 100-grain weight and days to 50% silking. Moreover, there was a highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield with number of rows per ear (r = 0.479), ear length (r = 0.381), 100-grain weight (r = 0.344) and days to 50% tasseling (r = 0.214). The highest yielding five genotypes across the seasons were TZCOM1/ZDPSYN (4.2 t/ha), EEPVAH-3 (4.2 t/ha), F2TWLY131228 (4.1 t/ha), PVA SYN6F2 (3.9 t/ha) and EEPVAH-9 (3.8 t/ha) these were needed to check the adaptability, stability and to test major maize growing areas to make sound recommendations for release.展开更多
Varietal deficiencies of upland rice lead to a low paddy grain yield. The aim of this study was to mutagenesis upland rice varieties to improve their agronomic performance. Seeds of varieties FKR45N and FKR47N were th...Varietal deficiencies of upland rice lead to a low paddy grain yield. The aim of this study was to mutagenesis upland rice varieties to improve their agronomic performance. Seeds of varieties FKR45N and FKR47N were therefore irradiated with doses 300, 350 and 400 Gy. The irradiated seeds were sown and the panicles of the M1 plants were individually harvested, and then were advanced to M4 using the “one panicle - one progeny” method. The agronomic performance of M4 lines was compared to that of their parent. The gamma ray mutagenesis has induced significant variability in five yield components, i.e., plant height, main panicle length, total numbers of tillers and productive tillers and paddy grain yield between mutant lines. The highest variabilities were shown for the total number of tillers and the number of productive tillers as well as FKR45N (CV% = 40 % and 36%) and FKR47N (CV% = 31% and 30%) mutant lines. Principal component analysis led to rank the mutant lines from each variety in three clusters. The Pearson correlation showed that the paddy grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the number of productive tillers (r = 0.61) and plant height (r = 0.66) for FKR47N mutant lines, and these correlation coefficients were r = 0.52 and r = 0.51 for FKR45N mutant lines, respectively. Gamma-ray irradiation also induced an earliness of 50% flowering of 62 days after sowing (DAS) in two FKR45N mutant lines and 67 DAS in one of KR47N mutant lines. The paddy grain yield was improved by 120% and 20% in two FKR45N and FKR47N mutant lines, respectively. A dwarf FKR45N mutant line with an early flowering of 67 DAS and a paddy grain yield (2.34 t ha−1) was generated. These results suggested that any positive increase in the six quantitative traits will increase the paddy grain yield.展开更多
Diversity information mining about a crop for different attributes is an essential step for effective breeding programs.The present investigation evaluates the quantum of genetic variability and determines the relatio...Diversity information mining about a crop for different attributes is an essential step for effective breeding programs.The present investigation evaluates the quantum of genetic variability and determines the relationship among the important agro-economic traits based on two years of phenotypic data of 210 accessions of linseed.The traits,capsule weight per plant,capsule per plant,husk weight per plant,and seed weight per plant exhibited comparatively higher genetic coefficient of variation(GCV)and phenotypic coefficient of variation(PCV).In contrast,oil content and seed per capsule exhibited a lower value.The high magnitude of broad sense heritability was observed for all traits except seeds per capsule and husk weight per plant.The trait,capsules per plant,plant height,and days to 50%flowering showed high genetic advance coupled with high heritability.Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 210 accessions into six distinct clusters.Out of 210,144(68.57%)accessions were grouped into three clusters(I,II,and III),in which cluster-III was the largest,containing 64 accessions followed by cluster II and cluster-I.The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters-I and V(127.85),while the lowest was between clusters-II and IV(27.09).The positive correlation of capsule weight per plant with the seed weight per plant and a negative correlation with the days to 50%flowering indicates that high yielding linseed varieties with early flowering/maturity could be developed through direct and indirect selection.Further,seed yield and oil content could be enhanced together as indicated by ghe positive association among these two important traits.In this study,high yielding accessions with moderate to high oil content such as GP36,GP31,GP14,GP54,GP26,GP24,GP34,GP21,GP37 and GP27 and early flowering(less than 70 days)accessions such as GP2,GP26,GP27,CG33,CG44,CG42,CG132,and CG31 identified as potential genetic materials that could be exploited for developing early maturing varieties with high yield.In addition,information’s on various genetic parameters will help breeders to devise suitable breeding methodology for linseed genetic improvement for targeted traits.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and interspecific relationships among four species of groupers from South China Sea, including E. fario, E. merra, E. malabaricus and E. coioides. [Metho...[Objective] The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and interspecific relationships among four species of groupers from South China Sea, including E. fario, E. merra, E. malabaricus and E. coioides. [Method] Twenty one mircosatellite loci of groupers were selected from GenBank and eight high polymorphic loci were used to further genetic analysis. [Result] The mean number of alleles per locus （A）, effective number of alleles （Ne）, mean polymorphism information content （PIC）, observed heterozygosity （Ho） and expected heterozygosity （He） were 4.38±1.60, 3.69±0.86, 0.69±0.08, 0.67±0.08, 0.72±0.06 in E. malabaricus; 3.88±1.13, 3.55±1.04, 0.66±0.10, 0.68±0.21, 0.70±0.08 in E.coioides; 6.00±1.07, 4.68±0.65, 0.78±0.03, 0.73±0.25, 0.79±0.03 in E. fario; 5.50±1.07, 4.58±0.80, 0.76±0.05, 0.75±0.18, 0.78±0.04 in E. merra, respectively. [Conclusion] We compared the values above, the order of the genetic variability among these grouper species was E. fario E. merra E. malabaricus E. coioides. We found that the level of genetic variability of these groupers species was relatively higher than that of other marine fish, so their genetic status was good. In addition, the analyisis of genetic relationship showed that E. malabaricus and E. coioides was the closest and it was the farthest between E. merra and E. coioides.展开更多
Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is grown for fiber and oil purposes in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world.Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of cotton.It has a significant contribution in the GDP o...Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is grown for fiber and oil purposes in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world.Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of cotton.It has a significant contribution in the GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the present study was performed to assess the genetic variations and genetic diversity of yield and fiber quality traits in cotton and to analyze the associations present among them.Results:Analysis of variance exhibited significant variation for all studied traits except total number of nodes and the height to node ratio.The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits.Plant height,monopodial branches,total number of bolls,lint index,seed index,and seed cotton yield displayed high heritabilities in a broad sense with maximum genetic advanee.Correlation analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive association with plant height,the nu mber of monopodial branches,the nu mber of sympodia I branches,ginning outturn(GOT),the number of bolls,seed per boll,seed index,uniformity index,the number of sympodial branches,reflectance,and seed index at the genotypic level while a significant positive relationship was observed with plant height,the number of sympodial branches,boll number,and GOT.Plant height,monopodial branches,GOT,boll weight,seeds per boll,and short fiber index exerted direct positive effects on seed cotton yield.The first 6 principal component analysis(PCs)out of the total fourteen PCs displayed eigenvalues(>1)and had maximum share to total variability(82.79%).The attributes that had maximum share to total divergence in eluded plant height,uniformity index,the nu mber of sympodial branches,seed per boll,GOT,seed cotton yield,and short fiber index.Conclusion:The genotype AA-802,IUB-13,FH-159,FH-458,and CIM-595 were genetically diverse for most of the yield and fiber quality traits and could be utilized for the selection of better performing genotypes for further improvement.展开更多
Objective: To verify phylogeography and genetic structure of Acanthamoeba populations among the Iranian clinical isolates and natural/artificial environments distributed in various regions of the country.Methods: We s...Objective: To verify phylogeography and genetic structure of Acanthamoeba populations among the Iranian clinical isolates and natural/artificial environments distributed in various regions of the country.Methods: We searched electronic databases including Medline, Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 2005 to 2016. To explore the genetic variability of Acanthamoeba sp, 205 sequences were retrieved from keratitis patients, immunosuppressed cases and environmental sources as of various geographies of Iran.Results: T4 genotype was the predominant strain in Iran, and the rare genotypes belonged to T2, T3, T5(Acanthamoeba lenticulata), T6, T9, T11, T13 and T15(Acanthamoeba jacobsi).A total of 47 unique haplotypes of T4 were identified. A parsimonious network of the sequence haplotypes demonstrated star-like feature containing haplogroups IR6(34.1%) and IR7(31.2%) as the most common haplotypes. In accordance with the analysis of molecular variance, the high value of haplotype diversity(0.612–0.848) of Acanthamoeba T4 represented genetic variability within populations. Neutrality indices of the 18 S ribosomal RNA demonstrated negative values in all populations which represented a considerable divergence from neutrality. The majority of genetic diversity belonged to the infected contact lens and dust samples in immunodeficiency and ophthalmology wards, which indicated potential routes for exposure to a pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp. in at-risk individuals. A pairwise fixation index(FST) was from low to high values(0.024 33–0.418 92). The statistically FST points out that T4 is genetically differentiated between north-west, north-south and centralsouth metapopulations, but not differentiated between west-central, west-south, centralsouth, and north-central isolates.Conclusions: An occurrence of IR6 and IR7 displays that possibly a gene flow of Acanthamoeba T4 occurred after the founder effect or bottleneck experience through ecological changes or host mobility. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing new approaches into gene migration and transmission patterns of Acanthamoeba sp, and targeting at the high-risk individuals/sources among the various regions of Iran.展开更多
Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were performed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of wild and hatchery samples of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossu＇s semilaevis. A group of 200 genotypes belonging ...Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were performed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of wild and hatchery samples of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossu＇s semilaevis. A group of 200 genotypes belonging to four wild samples, Laizhou （LZ）, Weihai （WH）, Qingdao （QD）, Rizhao （RZ） and one hatchery sample, Mingbo （MB）, were screened. All of the： ten microsatellite loci screened in this study showed marked polymorphism. A total of 70 different alleles were observed over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.2 to 1006 the average of expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and from 0：77 to0.87 respectively. A total of 10, 16, 10, 11 and 5 unique alleles each were found in LZ, WH~ QD：RZ and MB populations. The effective number of alleles varied from 2.87 for HSTS_7 to 6.83 for HSTS_h. The number of average genotypes ranged from 6.0 for HSTS a to 15.4 for HSTS_h： As compared with the wild populations, the hatchery population, MB, showed significant genetic changes such as fewer alleles per locus （P〈0.05）, a smaller number of low frequency alleles （P〈0.05）, a small number of unique alleles and a small number of genotypes （P〈0.05）, all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity.展开更多
The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambod...The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambodia and Thailand(Froese and Pauly,2003).In India,the species in-habits the Indus,Ganges and Mahanadi river sys-terns.It is identified as a potential cultivable species and has considerable significance for the fishery of these regions.L.dyocheilus has been categorized as a vulnerable fish due to declining commercial catches in India(Mahanta et a1.,1994).At present the fishery is supported through capture from natural sources.To achieve domestication,various aspects of captive breeding and propagation are being studied.展开更多
Rice stripe virus(RSV) is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus.RSV is known to have four segmented,single-stranded RNA molecules and causes rice stripe disease in the rice fields of China,Japan,and Korea.Based on t...Rice stripe virus(RSV) is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus.RSV is known to have four segmented,single-stranded RNA molecules and causes rice stripe disease in the rice fields of China,Japan,and Korea.Based on the complete genomic sequences of the determined 6 RSV isolates(from Yunnan,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Liaoning Provinces,China) and 27 other RSV isolates(from Yunnan,Jiangsu,Anhui,Henan,and Shandong Provinces of China,also Japan and Korea) downloaded from GenBank,we provided a genotyping profile of RSV field isolates and described the population structure of RSV.All RSV isolates,except isolate CX,could be divided into two subtypes,one including 6 isolates from Yunnan Province,and the other including 26 isolates from different parts of China,Japan,and Korea,which were referred to as subtype II and subtype I,respectively.The amino acid distances between subtypes range from 0.053 to 0.085.RSV isolates in Yunnan Province were genetically differentiated from other parts of China,Japan,and Korea and showed infrequent gene flow.The RSV populations collected from other parts of China,Japan,and Korea were only composed of subtype I and showed very low genetic diversity.We speculated that isolate CX may be the result of recombination of isolates from two subtypes.Two potential recombination events were detected in RNA4 of isolate CX.展开更多
Knowledge of genetic relatedness among accessions of germplasm is necessary for the development of breeding strategies to produce improved cultivars. The present investigation on Hippophae rhamnoides was carried out t...Knowledge of genetic relatedness among accessions of germplasm is necessary for the development of breeding strategies to produce improved cultivars. The present investigation on Hippophae rhamnoides was carried out to assess its genetic variability in Himachal Pradesh, India, by employing morphological and RAPD markers. Different areas of Himachal Pradesh were surveyed and eight sites were finally selected Twenty four genotypes were selected for further studies, i.e., three genotypes from each site. On the basis of morphological studies, the genotypes of the Ropa site （Kinnaur） were considered elite genotypes. To assess the variability at the molecular level, RAPD patterns were studied by random primers. The total number of bands amplified was 607, out of which 487 bands were identified as polymorphic, depicting 80.23 per cent variability. Six unique bands were produced from three primers （OPA- 05, OPA-10 and OPD-08） specific for five genotypes, including three genotypes of the Ropa site, Kinnaur District.展开更多
The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collecti...The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.展开更多
The family farm of the Upper Solim?es region has maintained the great genetic variability of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) by the in situ conservation of the landraces which are widely used as human food. Th...The family farm of the Upper Solim?es region has maintained the great genetic variability of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) by the in situ conservation of the landraces which are widely used as human food. The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of genetic variability of pumpkin landraces by means of estimation techniques of genetic parameters. Landraces areas samples were the family farming production units located in floodplains ecosystems of Benjamin Constant (Upper Solim?es River) and Iranduba (Lower Solim?es River), Amazonas. The split-plot designs were adopted at the treatments where the main plots were the five pumpkin landraces and one commercial cultivar. Each landrace was obtained six half sib families distributed in the sub-plots. Among the results of this study, it can be concluded that the genetic variation within the each landrace is greater than the genetic variation among the landraces. The qualitative morphological characteristics bring together half-sib families collected in geographically distant locations. It can be concluded that, through the estimation of genetic parameters, there is genetic variability among local cultivars collected in family farming of Benjamin Constant and Iranduba, Amazonas.展开更多
The Cucurbita maxima Duchesne is a vegetable crop plant cultivated and maintained by traditional Amazon communities, Brazil. The situation is worsened by the possibility of disappearance of local populations and genet...The Cucurbita maxima Duchesne is a vegetable crop plant cultivated and maintained by traditional Amazon communities, Brazil. The situation is worsened by the possibility of disappearance of local populations and genetic variability of this specie, taking into account the today changes promoted in family farming. The aim of this study was to estimate the current levels of genetic variability of local cultivars through the use of molecular markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism—AFLP). We chose to collect in two distinct micro regions in order to identify possible influences of geographic isolation and different levels of market requirements in the conservation of the genetic variability of the C. maxima. For the molecular analysis, bulk samples of fresh leaves of 15 plants/half-sibling family were collected in paper bags. There were 34 samples from the half-sib families. The analysis of the results half-sib obtained by methods of estimation of genetic variation by molecular markers shows that the forms of cultivation and management adopted by family farmers maintain the identities of the local/landraces (native cultivars) and, at the same time, the levels of diversity for the assurance of adaptability macro-environmental.展开更多
Pinus koraiensis(Sieb.et Zucc.) is a coniferous tree species naturally distributed in northeastern China.However,the effects of gene flow on its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear.This study investigates t...Pinus koraiensis(Sieb.et Zucc.) is a coniferous tree species naturally distributed in northeastern China.However,the effects of gene flow on its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear.This study investigates these dynamics in seven populations using ten microsatellite markers.The results show a high level of genetic diversity within the populations(Ho=0.633,He=0.746).In addition,molecular analysis of variance(AMOVA) shows that 98% of genetic diversity occurs within populations,with minimal differentiation between populations(Fst=0.009-0.033).Gene flow analysis shows significant migration rates between specific population pairs,particularly C-TH(87%),LS-Y(69%) and TH-LS(69%),suggesting genetic homogenization.Bayesian clustering(STRUCTURE) supports admixture and weak population differentiation.Environmental factors,especially temperature-related variables,significantly influence genetic patterns.Partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression show strong correlations between genetic distance and adaptations to cold temperatures(bio6 and bio11).Overall,this study emphasizes the robust genetic diversification and high migration rates in the populations of P.koraiensis and highlights their resilience.These results emphasize the importance of incorporating genetic and ecological factors into conservation strategies for sustainable forest management.This research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of genetic variation,gene flow and environmental influences in forest tree species and improves our understanding of their adaptive mechanisms.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a significant disease burden marked by chronic inflammation and complications that adversely affect patients’quality of life.Effective diagnostic strategies involve clinical ...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a significant disease burden marked by chronic inflammation and complications that adversely affect patients’quality of life.Effective diagnostic strategies involve clinical assessments,endoscopic evaluations,imaging studies,and biomarker testing,where early diagnosis is essential for effective management and prevention of long-term complications,highlighting the need for continual advancements in diagnostic methods.The intricate interplay between genetic factors and the outcomes of biological therapy is of critical importance.Unraveling the genetic determinants that influence responses and failures to biological therapy holds significant promise for optimizing treatment strategies for patients with IBD on biologics.Through an indepth examination of current literature,this review article synthesizes critical genetic markers associated with therapeutic efficacy and resistance in IBD.Understanding these genetic actors paves the way for personalized approaches,informing clinicians on predicting,tailoring,and enhancing the effectiveness of biological therapies for improved outcomes in patients with IBD.展开更多
The present study evaluated submergence responses in 88 lowland indigenous rice(Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Koraput, India, to identify submergence-tolerant rice genotypes. In pot experiments, variations in surviv...The present study evaluated submergence responses in 88 lowland indigenous rice(Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Koraput, India, to identify submergence-tolerant rice genotypes. In pot experiments, variations in survival rate, shoot elongation, relative growth index, dry matter, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch contents were evaluated in two consecutive years under well-drained and completely submerged conditions. Principal component analysis showed that the first three axes contributed 96.820% of the total variation among the landraces, indicating wide variation between genotypes. Major traits such as survival rate, relative growth index, soluble sugar and starch contents appeared to be important determinants of phenotypic diversity among the landraces. Phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance for all the traits and all showed high heritability(90.38%–99.54%). Five rice landraces(Samudrabali, Basnamundi, Gadaba, Surudaka and Dokarakuji) were the most tolerant to submergence. When submerged for up to 14d, Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Godoba were notable for having greater survival rates than a standard submergence tolerant variety FR13 A, and also notable for elongating more vigorously and accumulating more biomass. These three landraces may therefore be especially useful in lowland rice growing areas that are affected by both moderate stagnant water and flash flooding. Molecular genotyping revealed that the submergence tolerance of Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Godoba is linked to the presence of one or more different Sub1 loci and it may well prove useful for breeding improved submergence tolerant rice varieties, thereby assising to improve yield stability in the rainfed lowland agro-ecosystem.展开更多
The grain quality of 100 uplandlahu rice genotypes from Assam, India was assessed. The characteristics measured were grain length, grain width, cooked grain length, cooked grain width, grain elongation ratio after coo...The grain quality of 100 uplandlahu rice genotypes from Assam, India was assessed. The characteristics measured were grain length, grain width, cooked grain length, cooked grain width, grain elongation ratio after cooking, grain widening ratio after cooking, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, as well as starch, amylose, amylopectin and total soluble sugar contents. Considerable genetic variability among the 100 rice genotypes was observed for the characteristics under study. Analysis of vadance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characteristics. The difference between genotypic coefficient of variation （GCV） and phenotypic coefficient of variation （PCV） was very small for all the characteristics analyzed. High GCV and PCV were found in the characteristic of total soluble sugar content followed by alkali spreading value. The high values for these traits signify the scope for selection to develop superior genotypes. High heritability was recorded in all the characteristics analyzed along with diverse genetic advance which varied from 9.71% to 52.83%. The characteristic of total soluble sugar content showed high heritability with high genetic advance, whereas alkali spreading value and grain widening ratio presented high hedtability with moderate genetic advance. This implies that these characteristics are mainly under additive gene effects and could be relied upon further selection based on phenotypic performance. The genotypic correlation coefficient was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient, indicating strong inherent associations among the characteristics studied.展开更多
Linseed is a multipurpose crop and the crop needs further improvement to increase production and yield due to its high value and demand.This study aimed to assess the extent and pattern of genetic variability of forty...Linseed is a multipurpose crop and the crop needs further improvement to increase production and yield due to its high value and demand.This study aimed to assess the extent and pattern of genetic variability of forty linseed genotypes based on diverse agro–morphological and yield attributes.The field experiment was conducted following a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.Linseed germplasm showed a wide range of phenotypic expression,genetic variability and heritability for 30 studied traits.A low to high phenotypic coeffi-cient of variation(PCV)and genotypic coefficient of variation(GCV)were observed.The lowest genotypic(σ2 g)and phenotypic variances(σ2 p)were found in capsule diameter(CD),length of calyx(LC),capsule length(CL),seed length(SL),and seed breadth(SB).High broad-sense heritability(h2 b)with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean(GAM)were observed in days to germination started(DGS),days to 80%emergence(DE),plant height at 28 and 40 DAS,number of flowers(NFPP),filled capsules(NFCPP)and yield per plant(YPP)indicating additive gene action exists for these characters.Hierarchical cluster analysis separated 40 genotypes into five clusters,where Clusters I to V assembled with 13,4,4,5 and 14 genotypes,respectively.Considering yield and yield attributes,Cluster-IV(G3,G4,G6,G10 and G31)genotypes showed promising while,Cluster-II(G2,G16,G35,G36)and Cluster-III(G1,G33,G39 and G40)genotypes were dominant on plant morphological traits.Based on principal component analysis(PCA),few characters such as YPP,NFPP,NFCPP,days to first flowering and capsule formation,early emergence,days to branch initiation and plant heights at different growth stages revealed important and effective traits for consideration in the selection of linseed breeding programs.展开更多
Drought is the major detrimental environmental factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.The exploration of genetic patterns underlying drought tolerance is of great significance.Here we report the gene actions...Drought is the major detrimental environmental factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.The exploration of genetic patterns underlying drought tolerance is of great significance.Here we report the gene actions controlling the phenological traits using the line×tester model studying 27 crosses and 12 parents under normal irrigation and drought conditions.The results interpreted via multiple analysis(mean performance,correlations,principal component,genetic analysis,heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential)disclosed highly significant differences among germplasm.The phenological waxiness traits(glume,boom,and sheath)were strongly interlinked.Flag leaf area exhibits a positive association with peduncle and spike length under drought.The growing degree days(heat-units)greatly influence spikelets and grains per spike,however,the grain yield/plant was significantly reduced(17.44 g to 13.25 g)under drought.The principal components based on eigenvalue indicated significant PCs(first-seven)accounted for 79.9%and 73.9%of total variability under normal irrigation and drought,respectively.The investigated yield traits showed complex genetic behaviour.The genetic advance confronted a moderate to high heritability for spikelets/spike and grain yield/plant.The traits conditioned by dominant genetic effects in normal irrigation were inversely controlled by additive genetic effects under drought and vice versa.The magnitude of dominance effects for phenological and yield traits,i.e.,leaf twist,auricle hairiness,grain yield/plant,spikelets,and grains/spike suggests that selection by the pedigree method is appropriate for improving these traits under normal irrigation conditions and could serve as an indirect selection index for improving yield-oriented traits in wheat populations for drought tolerance.However,the phenotypic selection could be more than effective for traits conditioned by additive genetic effects under drought.We suggest five significant cross combinations based on heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential of wheat genotypes for improved yield and enhanced biological production of wheat in advanced generations under drought.展开更多
Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather.Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the two-years r...Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather.Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the two-years research was conducted to estimate heritability and association among various yield contributing parameters of cotton,i.e.,plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,seed cotton yield,boll weight,seed index,ginning outturn(GOT),fiber length,fiber strength,and fiber fineness.Results:Association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,GOT,staple length and fiber strength.Staple length and fiber strength were negatively linked with each other.Estimates of heritability were high for all of the traits except the number of sympodial branches per plant and boll weight.Conclusion:The parent IUB-222 was found to be the best for plant height,the number of bolls per plant,boll weight,GOT,seed cotton yield,and seed index.The genotypes namely,NIAB-414 and VH-367 were identified as the best parents for fiber length,strength,and fineness.Among the crosses NIAB-414×IUB-222 was the best for the number of bolls per plant,seed index,seed cotton yield and fiber fineness,whereas,the cross of NIAB-414×CIM-632 was good for plant height.The combination of A555×CIM-632 was the best for the number of sympodial branches per plant,boll weight,fiber length,and strength,and VH-367×CIM-632 proved the best for GOT.展开更多
文摘Maize is an important source of calories and protein in human lives in many countries of the world and is the main staple food in Africa, particularly in eastern Africa. In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly due to the use of low yielding landraces. It is necessary to carry out breeding programs that deal with the production of high yielding, adaptable new varieties. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genotypic performance and interrelationships among the traits. Ten maize genotypes evaluated at White Nile Research Station Farm, Kosti, of the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani Sudan were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the two seasons of 2021 and 2022. Most evaluated genotypes exhibited a wide and significant variation in the 11 measured traits. Genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% tasseling, ear diameter (cm), number of grains per row and grain yield (t/ha) in both seasons. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for grain yield, ear length, ear height, plant height, number of rows per ear, ear weight, days to 50% tasseling, 100-grain weight and days to 50% silking. Moreover, there was a highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield with number of rows per ear (r = 0.479), ear length (r = 0.381), 100-grain weight (r = 0.344) and days to 50% tasseling (r = 0.214). The highest yielding five genotypes across the seasons were TZCOM1/ZDPSYN (4.2 t/ha), EEPVAH-3 (4.2 t/ha), F2TWLY131228 (4.1 t/ha), PVA SYN6F2 (3.9 t/ha) and EEPVAH-9 (3.8 t/ha) these were needed to check the adaptability, stability and to test major maize growing areas to make sound recommendations for release.
文摘Varietal deficiencies of upland rice lead to a low paddy grain yield. The aim of this study was to mutagenesis upland rice varieties to improve their agronomic performance. Seeds of varieties FKR45N and FKR47N were therefore irradiated with doses 300, 350 and 400 Gy. The irradiated seeds were sown and the panicles of the M1 plants were individually harvested, and then were advanced to M4 using the “one panicle - one progeny” method. The agronomic performance of M4 lines was compared to that of their parent. The gamma ray mutagenesis has induced significant variability in five yield components, i.e., plant height, main panicle length, total numbers of tillers and productive tillers and paddy grain yield between mutant lines. The highest variabilities were shown for the total number of tillers and the number of productive tillers as well as FKR45N (CV% = 40 % and 36%) and FKR47N (CV% = 31% and 30%) mutant lines. Principal component analysis led to rank the mutant lines from each variety in three clusters. The Pearson correlation showed that the paddy grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the number of productive tillers (r = 0.61) and plant height (r = 0.66) for FKR47N mutant lines, and these correlation coefficients were r = 0.52 and r = 0.51 for FKR45N mutant lines, respectively. Gamma-ray irradiation also induced an earliness of 50% flowering of 62 days after sowing (DAS) in two FKR45N mutant lines and 67 DAS in one of KR47N mutant lines. The paddy grain yield was improved by 120% and 20% in two FKR45N and FKR47N mutant lines, respectively. A dwarf FKR45N mutant line with an early flowering of 67 DAS and a paddy grain yield (2.34 t ha−1) was generated. These results suggested that any positive increase in the six quantitative traits will increase the paddy grain yield.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Government of India,New Delhi.Grant Number-BT/Ag/Network/Linseed/2019-20.
文摘Diversity information mining about a crop for different attributes is an essential step for effective breeding programs.The present investigation evaluates the quantum of genetic variability and determines the relationship among the important agro-economic traits based on two years of phenotypic data of 210 accessions of linseed.The traits,capsule weight per plant,capsule per plant,husk weight per plant,and seed weight per plant exhibited comparatively higher genetic coefficient of variation(GCV)and phenotypic coefficient of variation(PCV).In contrast,oil content and seed per capsule exhibited a lower value.The high magnitude of broad sense heritability was observed for all traits except seeds per capsule and husk weight per plant.The trait,capsules per plant,plant height,and days to 50%flowering showed high genetic advance coupled with high heritability.Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped 210 accessions into six distinct clusters.Out of 210,144(68.57%)accessions were grouped into three clusters(I,II,and III),in which cluster-III was the largest,containing 64 accessions followed by cluster II and cluster-I.The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters-I and V(127.85),while the lowest was between clusters-II and IV(27.09).The positive correlation of capsule weight per plant with the seed weight per plant and a negative correlation with the days to 50%flowering indicates that high yielding linseed varieties with early flowering/maturity could be developed through direct and indirect selection.Further,seed yield and oil content could be enhanced together as indicated by ghe positive association among these two important traits.In this study,high yielding accessions with moderate to high oil content such as GP36,GP31,GP14,GP54,GP26,GP24,GP34,GP21,GP37 and GP27 and early flowering(less than 70 days)accessions such as GP2,GP26,GP27,CG33,CG44,CG42,CG132,and CG31 identified as potential genetic materials that could be exploited for developing early maturing varieties with high yield.In addition,information’s on various genetic parameters will help breeders to devise suitable breeding methodology for linseed genetic improvement for targeted traits.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program,No.2007AA091404)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2007BAD29B03)A Project Funded by the Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability and interspecific relationships among four species of groupers from South China Sea, including E. fario, E. merra, E. malabaricus and E. coioides. [Method] Twenty one mircosatellite loci of groupers were selected from GenBank and eight high polymorphic loci were used to further genetic analysis. [Result] The mean number of alleles per locus （A）, effective number of alleles （Ne）, mean polymorphism information content （PIC）, observed heterozygosity （Ho） and expected heterozygosity （He） were 4.38±1.60, 3.69±0.86, 0.69±0.08, 0.67±0.08, 0.72±0.06 in E. malabaricus; 3.88±1.13, 3.55±1.04, 0.66±0.10, 0.68±0.21, 0.70±0.08 in E.coioides; 6.00±1.07, 4.68±0.65, 0.78±0.03, 0.73±0.25, 0.79±0.03 in E. fario; 5.50±1.07, 4.58±0.80, 0.76±0.05, 0.75±0.18, 0.78±0.04 in E. merra, respectively. [Conclusion] We compared the values above, the order of the genetic variability among these grouper species was E. fario E. merra E. malabaricus E. coioides. We found that the level of genetic variability of these groupers species was relatively higher than that of other marine fish, so their genetic status was good. In addition, the analyisis of genetic relationship showed that E. malabaricus and E. coioides was the closest and it was the farthest between E. merra and E. coioides.
基金Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,University of Agriculture Faisalabad,Faisalabad-Pakistan.
文摘Background:Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is grown for fiber and oil purposes in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world.Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of cotton.It has a significant contribution in the GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the present study was performed to assess the genetic variations and genetic diversity of yield and fiber quality traits in cotton and to analyze the associations present among them.Results:Analysis of variance exhibited significant variation for all studied traits except total number of nodes and the height to node ratio.The phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits.Plant height,monopodial branches,total number of bolls,lint index,seed index,and seed cotton yield displayed high heritabilities in a broad sense with maximum genetic advanee.Correlation analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive association with plant height,the nu mber of monopodial branches,the nu mber of sympodia I branches,ginning outturn(GOT),the number of bolls,seed per boll,seed index,uniformity index,the number of sympodial branches,reflectance,and seed index at the genotypic level while a significant positive relationship was observed with plant height,the number of sympodial branches,boll number,and GOT.Plant height,monopodial branches,GOT,boll weight,seeds per boll,and short fiber index exerted direct positive effects on seed cotton yield.The first 6 principal component analysis(PCs)out of the total fourteen PCs displayed eigenvalues(>1)and had maximum share to total variability(82.79%).The attributes that had maximum share to total divergence in eluded plant height,uniformity index,the nu mber of sympodial branches,seed per boll,GOT,seed cotton yield,and short fiber index.Conclusion:The genotype AA-802,IUB-13,FH-159,FH-458,and CIM-595 were genetically diverse for most of the yield and fiber quality traits and could be utilized for the selection of better performing genotypes for further improvement.
基金financially supported by Immunology Research Center,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz,Iran
文摘Objective: To verify phylogeography and genetic structure of Acanthamoeba populations among the Iranian clinical isolates and natural/artificial environments distributed in various regions of the country.Methods: We searched electronic databases including Medline, Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar from 2005 to 2016. To explore the genetic variability of Acanthamoeba sp, 205 sequences were retrieved from keratitis patients, immunosuppressed cases and environmental sources as of various geographies of Iran.Results: T4 genotype was the predominant strain in Iran, and the rare genotypes belonged to T2, T3, T5(Acanthamoeba lenticulata), T6, T9, T11, T13 and T15(Acanthamoeba jacobsi).A total of 47 unique haplotypes of T4 were identified. A parsimonious network of the sequence haplotypes demonstrated star-like feature containing haplogroups IR6(34.1%) and IR7(31.2%) as the most common haplotypes. In accordance with the analysis of molecular variance, the high value of haplotype diversity(0.612–0.848) of Acanthamoeba T4 represented genetic variability within populations. Neutrality indices of the 18 S ribosomal RNA demonstrated negative values in all populations which represented a considerable divergence from neutrality. The majority of genetic diversity belonged to the infected contact lens and dust samples in immunodeficiency and ophthalmology wards, which indicated potential routes for exposure to a pathogenic Acanthamoeba sp. in at-risk individuals. A pairwise fixation index(FST) was from low to high values(0.024 33–0.418 92). The statistically FST points out that T4 is genetically differentiated between north-west, north-south and centralsouth metapopulations, but not differentiated between west-central, west-south, centralsouth, and north-central isolates.Conclusions: An occurrence of IR6 and IR7 displays that possibly a gene flow of Acanthamoeba T4 occurred after the founder effect or bottleneck experience through ecological changes or host mobility. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing new approaches into gene migration and transmission patterns of Acanthamoeba sp, and targeting at the high-risk individuals/sources among the various regions of Iran.
基金Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.200601001China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.20060390999
文摘Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were performed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of wild and hatchery samples of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossu＇s semilaevis. A group of 200 genotypes belonging to four wild samples, Laizhou （LZ）, Weihai （WH）, Qingdao （QD）, Rizhao （RZ） and one hatchery sample, Mingbo （MB）, were screened. All of the： ten microsatellite loci screened in this study showed marked polymorphism. A total of 70 different alleles were observed over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.2 to 1006 the average of expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and from 0：77 to0.87 respectively. A total of 10, 16, 10, 11 and 5 unique alleles each were found in LZ, WH~ QD：RZ and MB populations. The effective number of alleles varied from 2.87 for HSTS_7 to 6.83 for HSTS_h. The number of average genotypes ranged from 6.0 for HSTS a to 15.4 for HSTS_h： As compared with the wild populations, the hatchery population, MB, showed significant genetic changes such as fewer alleles per locus （P〈0.05）, a smaller number of low frequency alleles （P〈0.05）, a small number of unique alleles and a small number of genotypes （P〈0.05）, all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity.
基金This research was funded by agrant from ICAR(No NBFGR/DNA25A)
文摘The Labeo dyocheilus(family Cyprinidae)in-habits fresh water streams at the fo thill regions and is a commercially important food fish.It is native to Afganistan,Pakistan,India,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,M yanmnar,Cambodia and Thailand(Froese and Pauly,2003).In India,the species in-habits the Indus,Ganges and Mahanadi river sys-terns.It is identified as a potential cultivable species and has considerable significance for the fishery of these regions.L.dyocheilus has been categorized as a vulnerable fish due to declining commercial catches in India(Mahanta et a1.,1994).At present the fishery is supported through capture from natural sources.To achieve domestication,various aspects of captive breeding and propagation are being studied.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31272015)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No.2010CB126203)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of Ministry of Agriculture of Chinathe Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Z3090039)
文摘Rice stripe virus(RSV) is the type member of the genus Tenuivirus.RSV is known to have four segmented,single-stranded RNA molecules and causes rice stripe disease in the rice fields of China,Japan,and Korea.Based on the complete genomic sequences of the determined 6 RSV isolates(from Yunnan,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Liaoning Provinces,China) and 27 other RSV isolates(from Yunnan,Jiangsu,Anhui,Henan,and Shandong Provinces of China,also Japan and Korea) downloaded from GenBank,we provided a genotyping profile of RSV field isolates and described the population structure of RSV.All RSV isolates,except isolate CX,could be divided into two subtypes,one including 6 isolates from Yunnan Province,and the other including 26 isolates from different parts of China,Japan,and Korea,which were referred to as subtype II and subtype I,respectively.The amino acid distances between subtypes range from 0.053 to 0.085.RSV isolates in Yunnan Province were genetically differentiated from other parts of China,Japan,and Korea and showed infrequent gene flow.The RSV populations collected from other parts of China,Japan,and Korea were only composed of subtype I and showed very low genetic diversity.We speculated that isolate CX may be the result of recombination of isolates from two subtypes.Two potential recombination events were detected in RNA4 of isolate CX.
文摘Knowledge of genetic relatedness among accessions of germplasm is necessary for the development of breeding strategies to produce improved cultivars. The present investigation on Hippophae rhamnoides was carried out to assess its genetic variability in Himachal Pradesh, India, by employing morphological and RAPD markers. Different areas of Himachal Pradesh were surveyed and eight sites were finally selected Twenty four genotypes were selected for further studies, i.e., three genotypes from each site. On the basis of morphological studies, the genotypes of the Ropa site （Kinnaur） were considered elite genotypes. To assess the variability at the molecular level, RAPD patterns were studied by random primers. The total number of bands amplified was 607, out of which 487 bands were identified as polymorphic, depicting 80.23 per cent variability. Six unique bands were produced from three primers （OPA- 05, OPA-10 and OPD-08） specific for five genotypes, including three genotypes of the Ropa site, Kinnaur District.
文摘The study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate the genetic variability, heritability, and clustering pattern exploration of morphological and yield related traits in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) collections in the bimodal rainfall agroecological zone of Cameroon using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The data obtained on morphological and yield traits were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the viability rate of the collections varied from 77.78% to 96.55% respectively for the Maffo and Desiree collections, while the greatest number of tubers per plant varied from 4 to 18 respectively for Synergie and Desiree. The emergence rate varies from 60% to 1.66% respectively for Maffo et Doza collections. However, Desiree presents the highest TL (96.55) while Maffo shows the lowest value (77.78%). The yield per hectare varied from 1.14 to 9.3 t/h for Maffo and Doza respectively. For all the characteristics observed, Phenotypic Coefficients of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficients of Variation (GCV) suggesting the role of environment in the expression of traits under observation. The highest GCV and PCV 47.55 and 58.94 respectively were observed for Diameter at the collar (DC). Most of the traits showed high GAM (>20%)) except Average Tuber Length (ATL) with a moderate value (19.8). In terms of vegetative development, the Desiree variety showed the highest performance. Based on the growth and yield results, Doza seems to be the most recommendable crop in the study area.
文摘The family farm of the Upper Solim?es region has maintained the great genetic variability of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) by the in situ conservation of the landraces which are widely used as human food. The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of genetic variability of pumpkin landraces by means of estimation techniques of genetic parameters. Landraces areas samples were the family farming production units located in floodplains ecosystems of Benjamin Constant (Upper Solim?es River) and Iranduba (Lower Solim?es River), Amazonas. The split-plot designs were adopted at the treatments where the main plots were the five pumpkin landraces and one commercial cultivar. Each landrace was obtained six half sib families distributed in the sub-plots. Among the results of this study, it can be concluded that the genetic variation within the each landrace is greater than the genetic variation among the landraces. The qualitative morphological characteristics bring together half-sib families collected in geographically distant locations. It can be concluded that, through the estimation of genetic parameters, there is genetic variability among local cultivars collected in family farming of Benjamin Constant and Iranduba, Amazonas.
文摘The Cucurbita maxima Duchesne is a vegetable crop plant cultivated and maintained by traditional Amazon communities, Brazil. The situation is worsened by the possibility of disappearance of local populations and genetic variability of this specie, taking into account the today changes promoted in family farming. The aim of this study was to estimate the current levels of genetic variability of local cultivars through the use of molecular markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism—AFLP). We chose to collect in two distinct micro regions in order to identify possible influences of geographic isolation and different levels of market requirements in the conservation of the genetic variability of the C. maxima. For the molecular analysis, bulk samples of fresh leaves of 15 plants/half-sibling family were collected in paper bags. There were 34 samples from the half-sib families. The analysis of the results half-sib obtained by methods of estimation of genetic variation by molecular markers shows that the forms of cultivation and management adopted by family farmers maintain the identities of the local/landraces (native cultivars) and, at the same time, the levels of diversity for the assurance of adaptability macro-environmental.
基金funded by grants from the Innovation Project of the State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(2021B01).
文摘Pinus koraiensis(Sieb.et Zucc.) is a coniferous tree species naturally distributed in northeastern China.However,the effects of gene flow on its genetic diversity and structure remain unclear.This study investigates these dynamics in seven populations using ten microsatellite markers.The results show a high level of genetic diversity within the populations(Ho=0.633,He=0.746).In addition,molecular analysis of variance(AMOVA) shows that 98% of genetic diversity occurs within populations,with minimal differentiation between populations(Fst=0.009-0.033).Gene flow analysis shows significant migration rates between specific population pairs,particularly C-TH(87%),LS-Y(69%) and TH-LS(69%),suggesting genetic homogenization.Bayesian clustering(STRUCTURE) supports admixture and weak population differentiation.Environmental factors,especially temperature-related variables,significantly influence genetic patterns.Partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression show strong correlations between genetic distance and adaptations to cold temperatures(bio6 and bio11).Overall,this study emphasizes the robust genetic diversification and high migration rates in the populations of P.koraiensis and highlights their resilience.These results emphasize the importance of incorporating genetic and ecological factors into conservation strategies for sustainable forest management.This research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of genetic variation,gene flow and environmental influences in forest tree species and improves our understanding of their adaptive mechanisms.
基金Supported by The European Union-Next Generation EU,through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria,No.BG-RRP-2.004-0008。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)represents a significant disease burden marked by chronic inflammation and complications that adversely affect patients’quality of life.Effective diagnostic strategies involve clinical assessments,endoscopic evaluations,imaging studies,and biomarker testing,where early diagnosis is essential for effective management and prevention of long-term complications,highlighting the need for continual advancements in diagnostic methods.The intricate interplay between genetic factors and the outcomes of biological therapy is of critical importance.Unraveling the genetic determinants that influence responses and failures to biological therapy holds significant promise for optimizing treatment strategies for patients with IBD on biologics.Through an indepth examination of current literature,this review article synthesizes critical genetic markers associated with therapeutic efficacy and resistance in IBD.Understanding these genetic actors paves the way for personalized approaches,informing clinicians on predicting,tailoring,and enhancing the effectiveness of biological therapies for improved outcomes in patients with IBD.
文摘The present study evaluated submergence responses in 88 lowland indigenous rice(Oryza sativa L.) landraces from Koraput, India, to identify submergence-tolerant rice genotypes. In pot experiments, variations in survival rate, shoot elongation, relative growth index, dry matter, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and starch contents were evaluated in two consecutive years under well-drained and completely submerged conditions. Principal component analysis showed that the first three axes contributed 96.820% of the total variation among the landraces, indicating wide variation between genotypes. Major traits such as survival rate, relative growth index, soluble sugar and starch contents appeared to be important determinants of phenotypic diversity among the landraces. Phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance for all the traits and all showed high heritability(90.38%–99.54%). Five rice landraces(Samudrabali, Basnamundi, Gadaba, Surudaka and Dokarakuji) were the most tolerant to submergence. When submerged for up to 14d, Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Godoba were notable for having greater survival rates than a standard submergence tolerant variety FR13 A, and also notable for elongating more vigorously and accumulating more biomass. These three landraces may therefore be especially useful in lowland rice growing areas that are affected by both moderate stagnant water and flash flooding. Molecular genotyping revealed that the submergence tolerance of Samudrabali, Basnamundi and Godoba is linked to the presence of one or more different Sub1 loci and it may well prove useful for breeding improved submergence tolerant rice varieties, thereby assising to improve yield stability in the rainfed lowland agro-ecosystem.
文摘The grain quality of 100 uplandlahu rice genotypes from Assam, India was assessed. The characteristics measured were grain length, grain width, cooked grain length, cooked grain width, grain elongation ratio after cooking, grain widening ratio after cooking, alkali spreading value, gel consistency, as well as starch, amylose, amylopectin and total soluble sugar contents. Considerable genetic variability among the 100 rice genotypes was observed for the characteristics under study. Analysis of vadance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characteristics. The difference between genotypic coefficient of variation （GCV） and phenotypic coefficient of variation （PCV） was very small for all the characteristics analyzed. High GCV and PCV were found in the characteristic of total soluble sugar content followed by alkali spreading value. The high values for these traits signify the scope for selection to develop superior genotypes. High heritability was recorded in all the characteristics analyzed along with diverse genetic advance which varied from 9.71% to 52.83%. The characteristic of total soluble sugar content showed high heritability with high genetic advance, whereas alkali spreading value and grain widening ratio presented high hedtability with moderate genetic advance. This implies that these characteristics are mainly under additive gene effects and could be relied upon further selection based on phenotypic performance. The genotypic correlation coefficient was higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient, indicating strong inherent associations among the characteristics studied.
基金Taif University Researchers Supporting Project No.(TURSP-2020/85)Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia and“Grant of Advanced Research in Education”,Ministry of Education,Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh(Project No.BS-37.20.0000.004.033.020.2016.65).
文摘Linseed is a multipurpose crop and the crop needs further improvement to increase production and yield due to its high value and demand.This study aimed to assess the extent and pattern of genetic variability of forty linseed genotypes based on diverse agro–morphological and yield attributes.The field experiment was conducted following a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications.Linseed germplasm showed a wide range of phenotypic expression,genetic variability and heritability for 30 studied traits.A low to high phenotypic coeffi-cient of variation(PCV)and genotypic coefficient of variation(GCV)were observed.The lowest genotypic(σ2 g)and phenotypic variances(σ2 p)were found in capsule diameter(CD),length of calyx(LC),capsule length(CL),seed length(SL),and seed breadth(SB).High broad-sense heritability(h2 b)with high genetic advance as a percentage of mean(GAM)were observed in days to germination started(DGS),days to 80%emergence(DE),plant height at 28 and 40 DAS,number of flowers(NFPP),filled capsules(NFCPP)and yield per plant(YPP)indicating additive gene action exists for these characters.Hierarchical cluster analysis separated 40 genotypes into five clusters,where Clusters I to V assembled with 13,4,4,5 and 14 genotypes,respectively.Considering yield and yield attributes,Cluster-IV(G3,G4,G6,G10 and G31)genotypes showed promising while,Cluster-II(G2,G16,G35,G36)and Cluster-III(G1,G33,G39 and G40)genotypes were dominant on plant morphological traits.Based on principal component analysis(PCA),few characters such as YPP,NFPP,NFCPP,days to first flowering and capsule formation,early emergence,days to branch initiation and plant heights at different growth stages revealed important and effective traits for consideration in the selection of linseed breeding programs.
文摘Drought is the major detrimental environmental factor for wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)production.The exploration of genetic patterns underlying drought tolerance is of great significance.Here we report the gene actions controlling the phenological traits using the line×tester model studying 27 crosses and 12 parents under normal irrigation and drought conditions.The results interpreted via multiple analysis(mean performance,correlations,principal component,genetic analysis,heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential)disclosed highly significant differences among germplasm.The phenological waxiness traits(glume,boom,and sheath)were strongly interlinked.Flag leaf area exhibits a positive association with peduncle and spike length under drought.The growing degree days(heat-units)greatly influence spikelets and grains per spike,however,the grain yield/plant was significantly reduced(17.44 g to 13.25 g)under drought.The principal components based on eigenvalue indicated significant PCs(first-seven)accounted for 79.9%and 73.9%of total variability under normal irrigation and drought,respectively.The investigated yield traits showed complex genetic behaviour.The genetic advance confronted a moderate to high heritability for spikelets/spike and grain yield/plant.The traits conditioned by dominant genetic effects in normal irrigation were inversely controlled by additive genetic effects under drought and vice versa.The magnitude of dominance effects for phenological and yield traits,i.e.,leaf twist,auricle hairiness,grain yield/plant,spikelets,and grains/spike suggests that selection by the pedigree method is appropriate for improving these traits under normal irrigation conditions and could serve as an indirect selection index for improving yield-oriented traits in wheat populations for drought tolerance.However,the phenotypic selection could be more than effective for traits conditioned by additive genetic effects under drought.We suggest five significant cross combinations based on heterotic and heterobeltiotic potential of wheat genotypes for improved yield and enhanced biological production of wheat in advanced generations under drought.
基金the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture,University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan.
文摘Background:Cotton is known for fiber extraction and it is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to having hot weather.Cotton crop has a significant role in GDP of Pakistan.Therefore,the two-years research was conducted to estimate heritability and association among various yield contributing parameters of cotton,i.e.,plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,seed cotton yield,boll weight,seed index,ginning outturn(GOT),fiber length,fiber strength,and fiber fineness.Results:Association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height,number of bolls per plant,number of sympodial branches per plant,GOT,staple length and fiber strength.Staple length and fiber strength were negatively linked with each other.Estimates of heritability were high for all of the traits except the number of sympodial branches per plant and boll weight.Conclusion:The parent IUB-222 was found to be the best for plant height,the number of bolls per plant,boll weight,GOT,seed cotton yield,and seed index.The genotypes namely,NIAB-414 and VH-367 were identified as the best parents for fiber length,strength,and fineness.Among the crosses NIAB-414×IUB-222 was the best for the number of bolls per plant,seed index,seed cotton yield and fiber fineness,whereas,the cross of NIAB-414×CIM-632 was good for plant height.The combination of A555×CIM-632 was the best for the number of sympodial branches per plant,boll weight,fiber length,and strength,and VH-367×CIM-632 proved the best for GOT.
