One of the important questions in space biology is the mechanisms underlying plant responses to an outer space environment,i.e.,how gene expression is altered in space.In this study,the transcriptome of Arabidopsis th...One of the important questions in space biology is the mechanisms underlying plant responses to an outer space environment,i.e.,how gene expression is altered in space.In this study,the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was analyzed as a part of Germany SIMBOX(science in microgravity box)spaceflight experiment on Shenzhou 8 spacecraft.This experiment involved the following treatments:spaceflight with microgravity(Fμg),spaceflight with 1g centrifugal force(F 1g),and ground 1g control(G 1g).Gene chips were used to screen gene expression differences in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings among these treatments.Microarray analysis revealed that 621 genes were differentially expressed in samples Fμg vs.G 1g,249 genes in samples F 1g vs.G 1g,and 368 genes in samples Fμg vs.F 1g.Gene ontology analysis indicated that the genes were involved in metabolism of stress response,gravitropic response,and DNA damage and repair,suggesting that plants adjust these metabolic pathways to space environmental stress,microgravity,and radiation.展开更多
Background and aims:Crohn’s disease(CD)and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB)are both chronic granulomatous conditions with similar phenotypic presentations.Hence,there is need for a biomarker to differentiate between both...Background and aims:Crohn’s disease(CD)and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB)are both chronic granulomatous conditions with similar phenotypic presentations.Hence,there is need for a biomarker to differentiate between both these two diseases.This study aimed at genome-wide gene expression analysis of colonic biopsies from confirmed cases of ITB and CD in comparison with controls.To evaluate the role of T regulatory cells,forkhead box P3(FOXP3)mRNA expression was quantified in serum as well as in colonic biopsies from patients with ITB and with the controls.Methods:Paired samples,including serum and colonic biopsies,were taken from 33 study subjects(CD,ITB and controls),and total RNA was extracted.Human whole genome gene expression microarray analysis was performed using the Illumina HumanWG-6 BeadChip Kit with six total RNA samples of the three groups in duplicates.Real-time PCR for FOXP3 mRNA expression was analyzed in serum samples and colonic biopsy samples(4-CD,5-ITB,4-controls).Results:In CD and ITB there was 1.5-fold upregulation of 92 and 382 genes and 1.5-fold downregulation of 91 and 256 genes,respectively.Peroxisome proliferators via the PPARc pathway were most significantly downregulated(P<0.005)in CD.Additionally,the IL4/5/6 signaling pathways and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were identified as significantly differentially regulated(P<0.005)at>2-fold change.In ITB,the complement activation pathway,specifically the classical pathway,was the most significantly upregulated.FOXP3 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in colonic biopsies obtained from ITB patients as compared with CD cases(4.7062.21 vs 1.4860.31,P=0.016).Conclusions:FOXP3 mRNA expression in colonic mucosa could be a discriminatory marker between ITB and CD.Upregulation of the complement activation pathway in ITB suggests that pathogenetic mechanisms for ITB are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis.In CD,downregulation of PPARc was seen in colonic tissue,suggesting that restoration of PPARc-dependent anti-microbial barrier function may be a therapeutic target.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (Grant No. 2011CB710902)China Manned Space Engineering ProgramInternational S&T Cooperation Program of China
文摘One of the important questions in space biology is the mechanisms underlying plant responses to an outer space environment,i.e.,how gene expression is altered in space.In this study,the transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was analyzed as a part of Germany SIMBOX(science in microgravity box)spaceflight experiment on Shenzhou 8 spacecraft.This experiment involved the following treatments:spaceflight with microgravity(Fμg),spaceflight with 1g centrifugal force(F 1g),and ground 1g control(G 1g).Gene chips were used to screen gene expression differences in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings among these treatments.Microarray analysis revealed that 621 genes were differentially expressed in samples Fμg vs.G 1g,249 genes in samples F 1g vs.G 1g,and 368 genes in samples Fμg vs.F 1g.Gene ontology analysis indicated that the genes were involved in metabolism of stress response,gravitropic response,and DNA damage and repair,suggesting that plants adjust these metabolic pathways to space environmental stress,microgravity,and radiation.
基金This project was undertaken under the‘FIST’scheme of Department of Science and Technology,Government of India.In addition,support was taken from ICMR Senior Research Fellowship granted to VM.
文摘Background and aims:Crohn’s disease(CD)and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB)are both chronic granulomatous conditions with similar phenotypic presentations.Hence,there is need for a biomarker to differentiate between both these two diseases.This study aimed at genome-wide gene expression analysis of colonic biopsies from confirmed cases of ITB and CD in comparison with controls.To evaluate the role of T regulatory cells,forkhead box P3(FOXP3)mRNA expression was quantified in serum as well as in colonic biopsies from patients with ITB and with the controls.Methods:Paired samples,including serum and colonic biopsies,were taken from 33 study subjects(CD,ITB and controls),and total RNA was extracted.Human whole genome gene expression microarray analysis was performed using the Illumina HumanWG-6 BeadChip Kit with six total RNA samples of the three groups in duplicates.Real-time PCR for FOXP3 mRNA expression was analyzed in serum samples and colonic biopsy samples(4-CD,5-ITB,4-controls).Results:In CD and ITB there was 1.5-fold upregulation of 92 and 382 genes and 1.5-fold downregulation of 91 and 256 genes,respectively.Peroxisome proliferators via the PPARc pathway were most significantly downregulated(P<0.005)in CD.Additionally,the IL4/5/6 signaling pathways and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were identified as significantly differentially regulated(P<0.005)at>2-fold change.In ITB,the complement activation pathway,specifically the classical pathway,was the most significantly upregulated.FOXP3 mRNA expression was significantly elevated in colonic biopsies obtained from ITB patients as compared with CD cases(4.7062.21 vs 1.4860.31,P=0.016).Conclusions:FOXP3 mRNA expression in colonic mucosa could be a discriminatory marker between ITB and CD.Upregulation of the complement activation pathway in ITB suggests that pathogenetic mechanisms for ITB are similar to those of pulmonary tuberculosis.In CD,downregulation of PPARc was seen in colonic tissue,suggesting that restoration of PPARc-dependent anti-microbial barrier function may be a therapeutic target.
