【目的】随着智慧城市建设中信息技术的深度应用,GNSS轨迹数据呈爆炸式增长,但其轨迹生成过程易受信号干扰与传感器故障影响而产生噪声。本文旨在设计新型噪声识别与修复算法,以提升原始GNSS轨迹数据的处理精度与质量。【方法】针对轨...【目的】随着智慧城市建设中信息技术的深度应用,GNSS轨迹数据呈爆炸式增长,但其轨迹生成过程易受信号干扰与传感器故障影响而产生噪声。本文旨在设计新型噪声识别与修复算法,以提升原始GNSS轨迹数据的处理精度与质量。【方法】针对轨迹噪声识别问题,本文提出基于密度矩阵的自适应DBSCAN算法,其具有超参数无关特性,可敏感捕获低幅值噪声点,同时避免连续转向点的误判。针对噪声修复问题,提出基于轨迹分段的函数构造式修复算法:首先采用道格拉斯-普克(Douglas-Peucker,DP)算法压缩轨迹数据实现分段;其次定位含噪声轨迹段,基于段内有效点构造拟合函数;最终依据相邻点时空属性修复噪声数据。相较于主流插值算法(如拉格朗日、牛顿、埃尔米特、线性、三次样条及最近邻插值),本方法通过规避全局特征依赖,显著保留了噪声点蕴含的局部信息特征。【结果】基于长春市1500名志愿者2024年8月19日—9月1日的原始GNSS轨迹数据,设计2组对比实验。第1组将新型识别算法与原始DBSCAN及其主流衍生算法(KANN-DBSCAN、BDT-ADBSCAN)进行对比。实验表明:新算法在轮廓系数(SC)、Calinski-Harabasz指数(CHI)、Da‐vies-Bouldin指数(DBI)3项指标均取得最优值,优化幅度分别为40.17%~381.80%、20.03%~235.18%、23.42%~79.53%。第2组实验对比新型修复算法与6类经典插值方法(拉格朗日、牛顿、埃尔米特、线性、三次样条、最近邻),结果显示:新算法在轨迹相似性度量指标(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)上全面优于对比方法,整体优化幅度达43.18%~80.43%。【结论】本文提出的噪声识别与修复算法显著提升了原始GNSS轨迹的质量精度,可高效支撑大规模轨迹数据预处理任务,为时空轨迹挖掘研究提供高质量数据基础。展开更多
现有GNSS水汽层析研究主要聚焦于如何提升卫星观测数据利用率,但在卫星信号数据优选方面研究较少,导致穿过同一组网格集的层析观测方程线性近似且方程系数矩阵列向量元素多数为零,水汽层析模型病态严重。针对该现状,本文提出一种GNSS卫...现有GNSS水汽层析研究主要聚焦于如何提升卫星观测数据利用率,但在卫星信号数据优选方面研究较少,导致穿过同一组网格集的层析观测方程线性近似且方程系数矩阵列向量元素多数为零,水汽层析模型病态严重。针对该现状,本文提出一种GNSS卫星信号自适应优选的水汽层析方法,解决层析模型设计矩阵零元素较多和层析模型病态的难题。该方法基于网格覆盖率最大原则确定层析区域水平网格划分,并发展联合卫星高度角与方位角阈值的卫星信号自适应优选方法,克服水汽层析模型观测方程线性近似的难题。本文选取香港地区2013年5月2日—2013年5月7日共6 d 12个GNSS测站及1个无线电探空站数据为例进行试验。与现有方法相比,本文方法能在降低卫星信号利用率的同时保证网格覆盖率,克服相似卫星信号造成层析模型设计矩阵病态的现状。以无线电探空数据为真值,发现本文方法反演水汽密度廓线的平均RMS、MAE和Bias分别为1.03、0.80和0.13 g/m^(3),优于传统方法的1.25、0.97和0.10 g/m^(3),其RMS改善率为20.78%;此外,本文方法在模型解算效率方面也优于传统方法,其模型计算效率平均提升9.51%。展开更多
The Chang＇e-3 （CE-3） mission is China＇s first exploration mission on the surface of the Moon that uses a lander and a rover. Eight instruments that form the scientific payloads have the following objectives： （1...The Chang＇e-3 （CE-3） mission is China＇s first exploration mission on the surface of the Moon that uses a lander and a rover. Eight instruments that form the scientific payloads have the following objectives： （1） investigate the morphological features and geological structures at the landing site; （2） integrated in-situ analysis of minerals and chemical compositions; （3） integrated exploration of the structure of the lunar interior; （4） exploration of the lunar-terrestrial space environment, lunar sur- face environment and acquire Moon-based ultraviolet astronomical observations. The Ground Research and Application System （GRAS） is in charge of data acquisition and pre-processing, management of the payload in orbit, and managing the data products and their applications. The Data Pre-processing Subsystem （DPS） is a part of GRAS. The task of DPS is the pre-processing of raw data from the eight instruments that are part of CE-3, including channel processing, unpacking, package sorting, calibration and correction, identification of geographical location, calculation of probe azimuth angle, probe zenith angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar zenith angle and so on, and conducting quality checks. These processes produce Level 0, Level 1 and Level 2 data. The computing platform of this subsystem is comprised of a high-performance computing cluster, including a real-time subsystem used for processing Level 0 data and a post-time subsystem for generating Level 1 and Level 2 data. This paper de- scribes the CE-3 data pre-processing method, the data pre-processing subsystem, data classification, data validity and data products that are used for scientific studies.展开更多
The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system(B&R GNSS)network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system.Prior to this,there have been few systematic assessments of t...The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system(B&R GNSS)network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system.Prior to this,there have been few systematic assessments of the data quality of Chinese GNSS equipment.In this study,data from four representative GNSS sites in different regions of China were analyzed using the G-Nut/Anubis software package.Four main indicators(data integrity rate,data validity ratio,multi-path error,and cycle slip ratio)used to systematically analyze data quality,while evaluating the seismic monitoring capabilities of the network based on earthquake magnitudes estimated from high-frequency GNSS data are evaluated by estimating magnitude based on highfrequency GNSS data.The results indicate that the quality of the data produced by the three types of Chinese receivers used in the network meets the needs of earthquake monitoring and the new seismic industry standards,which provide a reference for the selection of equipment for future new projects.After the B&R GNSS network was established,the seismic monitoring capability for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M_(W)6.5 in most parts of the Sichuan-Yunnan region improved by approximately 20%.In key areas such as the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block,the monitoring capability increased by more than 25%,which has greatly improved the effectiveness of regional comprehensive earthquake management.展开更多
There are a number of dirty data in observation data set derived from integrated ocean observing network system. Thus, the data must be carefully and reasonably processed before they are used for forecasting or analys...There are a number of dirty data in observation data set derived from integrated ocean observing network system. Thus, the data must be carefully and reasonably processed before they are used for forecasting or analysis. This paper proposes a data pre-processing model based on intelligent algorithms. Firstly, we introduce the integrated network platform of ocean observation. Next, the preprocessing model of data is presemed, and an imelligent cleaning model of data is proposed. Based on fuzzy clustering, the Kohonen clustering network is improved to fulfill the parallel calculation of fuzzy c-means clustering. The proposed dynamic algorithm can automatically f＇md the new clustering center with the updated sample data. The rapid and dynamic performance of the model makes it suitable for real time calculation, and the efficiency and accuracy of the model is proved by test results through observation data analysis.展开更多
This study introduces the site selection and data processing of GNSS receiver calibration networks. According to the design requirements and relevant specifications, the authors investigate the observation conditions ...This study introduces the site selection and data processing of GNSS receiver calibration networks. According to the design requirements and relevant specifications, the authors investigate the observation conditions of the potential sites and collect the experimental GNSS observation data. TEQC is used to evaluate the data availability rate and multipath effects of the observation data to determine the appropriate site. After the construction and measurement of the calibration network, the baseline processing of the medium and long baseline network is conducted by GAMIT. The accuracy indexes including NRMS, difference between repeated baselines, and closure of independent observation loops all meet the specified criteria.展开更多
In comparison with the ITRF2000 model, the ITRF2005 model represents a significant improvement in solution generation, datum definition and realization. However, these improvements cause a frame difference between the...In comparison with the ITRF2000 model, the ITRF2005 model represents a significant improvement in solution generation, datum definition and realization. However, these improvements cause a frame difference between the ITRF2000 and ITRF2005 models, which may impact GNSS data processing. To quantify this im- pact, the differences of the GNSS results obtained using the two models, including station coordinates, base- line length and horizontal velocity field, were analyzed. After transformation, the differences in position were at the millimeter level, and the differences in baseline length were less than 1 ram. The differences in the hori- zontal velocity fields decreased with as the study area was reduced. For a large region, the differences in these value were less than 1 mm/a, with a systematic difference of approximately 2 degrees in direction, while for a medium-sized region, the differences in value and direction were not significant.展开更多
With the continued development of multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)and the emergence of various frequencies,UnDifferenced and UnCombined(UDUC)data processing has become an increasingly attractive opti...With the continued development of multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)and the emergence of various frequencies,UnDifferenced and UnCombined(UDUC)data processing has become an increasingly attractive option.In this contribution,we provide an overview of the current status of UDUC GNSS data processing activities in China.These activities encompass the formulation of Precise Point Positioning(PPP)models and PPP-Real-Time Kinematic(PPP-RTK)models for processing single-station and multi-station GNSS data,respectively.Regarding single-station data processing,we discuss the advancements in PPP models,particularly the extension from a single system to multiple systems,and from dual frequencies to single and multiple frequencies.Additionally,we introduce the modified PPP model,which accounts for the time variation of receiver code biases,a departure from the conventional PPP model that typically assumes these biases to be time-constant.In the realm of multi-station PPP-RTK data processing,we introduce the ionosphere-weighted PPP-RTK model,which enhances the model strength by considering the spatial correlation of ionospheric delays.We also review the phase-only PPP-RTK model,designed to mitigate the impact of unmodelled code-related errors.Furthermore,we explore GLONASS PPP-RTK,achieved through the application of the integer-estimable model.For large-scale network data processing,we introduce the all-in-view PPP-RTK model,which alleviates the strict common-view requirement at all receivers.Moreover,we present the decentralized PPP-RTK data processing strategy,designed to improve computational efficiency.Overall,this work highlights the various advancements in UDUC GNSS data processing,providing insights into the state-of-the-art techniques employed in China to achieve precise GNSS applications.展开更多
A method is proposed to fuse the velocity data of the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and leveling height via combined adjustment with constraints. First, stable GNSS-leveling points are uniformly selected, a...A method is proposed to fuse the velocity data of the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and leveling height via combined adjustment with constraints. First, stable GNSS-leveling points are uniformly selected, and the constraints of the geodetic height change velocity and normal height change velocity are given. Then, the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling height difference are used as observations of combined adjustment, and robust least-squares estimation are used to estimate the velocities of the unknown points. Finally, a vertical movement model is established with the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling vertical velocities obtained via combined adjustment. Data from the second-order leveling network and GNSS control points in Shandong Province are taken as test data, and eight calculation schemes are used for discussion. One of the schemes, the bifactor robust combined adjustment method based on variance component estimation with two kinds of vertical velocity constraints achieves the optimal results. The method applied in the scheme can be recommended for data fusion of GNSS and leveling, further improving the reliability of vertical crustal movement in Shandong Province.展开更多
海平面变化是全球气候和环境变化的重要指标之一,本文基于中国首套全球海洋气候数据集(Climate Data Records,CDRs)中的海平面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)数据、长期验潮站观测数据以及GNSS数据对北欧海的海平面变化进行了详细的...海平面变化是全球气候和环境变化的重要指标之一,本文基于中国首套全球海洋气候数据集(Climate Data Records,CDRs)中的海平面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly,SLA)数据、长期验潮站观测数据以及GNSS数据对北欧海的海平面变化进行了详细的分析。首先利用1993-2019年的SLA数据分析了北欧海海平面变化的空间分布、主要周期;然后联合长期验潮站观测数据、GNSS数据分析了北欧海部分站点的绝对海平面变化,并与SLA数据获得的绝对海平面变化进行比对。结果表明:1993-2019年北欧海海平面变化具有显著的区域性差异,挪威海和格陵兰海北部海平面变化振幅最大,整体变化速率约为2.47±0.54 mm/a,每年春季(2-4月)为季节性低海平面期,秋季(9-11月)为季节性高海平面期;联合验潮站观测数据和GNSS数据可以很好地校正验潮站地壳垂直运动的影响,其中NY-ALESUN和ANDENES站经GNSS数据校正后的海平面变化趋势与同期基于CDRs数据的绝对海平面变化差异最小。展开更多
文摘【目的】随着智慧城市建设中信息技术的深度应用,GNSS轨迹数据呈爆炸式增长,但其轨迹生成过程易受信号干扰与传感器故障影响而产生噪声。本文旨在设计新型噪声识别与修复算法,以提升原始GNSS轨迹数据的处理精度与质量。【方法】针对轨迹噪声识别问题,本文提出基于密度矩阵的自适应DBSCAN算法,其具有超参数无关特性,可敏感捕获低幅值噪声点,同时避免连续转向点的误判。针对噪声修复问题,提出基于轨迹分段的函数构造式修复算法:首先采用道格拉斯-普克(Douglas-Peucker,DP)算法压缩轨迹数据实现分段;其次定位含噪声轨迹段,基于段内有效点构造拟合函数;最终依据相邻点时空属性修复噪声数据。相较于主流插值算法(如拉格朗日、牛顿、埃尔米特、线性、三次样条及最近邻插值),本方法通过规避全局特征依赖,显著保留了噪声点蕴含的局部信息特征。【结果】基于长春市1500名志愿者2024年8月19日—9月1日的原始GNSS轨迹数据,设计2组对比实验。第1组将新型识别算法与原始DBSCAN及其主流衍生算法(KANN-DBSCAN、BDT-ADBSCAN)进行对比。实验表明:新算法在轮廓系数(SC)、Calinski-Harabasz指数(CHI)、Da‐vies-Bouldin指数(DBI)3项指标均取得最优值,优化幅度分别为40.17%~381.80%、20.03%~235.18%、23.42%~79.53%。第2组实验对比新型修复算法与6类经典插值方法(拉格朗日、牛顿、埃尔米特、线性、三次样条、最近邻),结果显示:新算法在轨迹相似性度量指标(Dynamic Time Warping,DTW)上全面优于对比方法,整体优化幅度达43.18%~80.43%。【结论】本文提出的噪声识别与修复算法显著提升了原始GNSS轨迹的质量精度,可高效支撑大规模轨迹数据预处理任务,为时空轨迹挖掘研究提供高质量数据基础。
文摘现有GNSS水汽层析研究主要聚焦于如何提升卫星观测数据利用率,但在卫星信号数据优选方面研究较少,导致穿过同一组网格集的层析观测方程线性近似且方程系数矩阵列向量元素多数为零,水汽层析模型病态严重。针对该现状,本文提出一种GNSS卫星信号自适应优选的水汽层析方法,解决层析模型设计矩阵零元素较多和层析模型病态的难题。该方法基于网格覆盖率最大原则确定层析区域水平网格划分,并发展联合卫星高度角与方位角阈值的卫星信号自适应优选方法,克服水汽层析模型观测方程线性近似的难题。本文选取香港地区2013年5月2日—2013年5月7日共6 d 12个GNSS测站及1个无线电探空站数据为例进行试验。与现有方法相比,本文方法能在降低卫星信号利用率的同时保证网格覆盖率,克服相似卫星信号造成层析模型设计矩阵病态的现状。以无线电探空数据为真值,发现本文方法反演水汽密度廓线的平均RMS、MAE和Bias分别为1.03、0.80和0.13 g/m^(3),优于传统方法的1.25、0.97和0.10 g/m^(3),其RMS改善率为20.78%;此外,本文方法在模型解算效率方面也优于传统方法,其模型计算效率平均提升9.51%。
文摘The Chang＇e-3 （CE-3） mission is China＇s first exploration mission on the surface of the Moon that uses a lander and a rover. Eight instruments that form the scientific payloads have the following objectives： （1） investigate the morphological features and geological structures at the landing site; （2） integrated in-situ analysis of minerals and chemical compositions; （3） integrated exploration of the structure of the lunar interior; （4） exploration of the lunar-terrestrial space environment, lunar sur- face environment and acquire Moon-based ultraviolet astronomical observations. The Ground Research and Application System （GRAS） is in charge of data acquisition and pre-processing, management of the payload in orbit, and managing the data products and their applications. The Data Pre-processing Subsystem （DPS） is a part of GRAS. The task of DPS is the pre-processing of raw data from the eight instruments that are part of CE-3, including channel processing, unpacking, package sorting, calibration and correction, identification of geographical location, calculation of probe azimuth angle, probe zenith angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar zenith angle and so on, and conducting quality checks. These processes produce Level 0, Level 1 and Level 2 data. The computing platform of this subsystem is comprised of a high-performance computing cluster, including a real-time subsystem used for processing Level 0 data and a post-time subsystem for generating Level 1 and Level 2 data. This paper de- scribes the CE-3 data pre-processing method, the data pre-processing subsystem, data classification, data validity and data products that are used for scientific studies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42004010)the B&R Seismic Monitoring Network Project of the China Earthquake Networks Center(No.5007).
文摘The Belt and Road global navigation satellite system(B&R GNSS)network is the first large-scale deployment of Chinese GNSS equipment in a seismic system.Prior to this,there have been few systematic assessments of the data quality of Chinese GNSS equipment.In this study,data from four representative GNSS sites in different regions of China were analyzed using the G-Nut/Anubis software package.Four main indicators(data integrity rate,data validity ratio,multi-path error,and cycle slip ratio)used to systematically analyze data quality,while evaluating the seismic monitoring capabilities of the network based on earthquake magnitudes estimated from high-frequency GNSS data are evaluated by estimating magnitude based on highfrequency GNSS data.The results indicate that the quality of the data produced by the three types of Chinese receivers used in the network meets the needs of earthquake monitoring and the new seismic industry standards,which provide a reference for the selection of equipment for future new projects.After the B&R GNSS network was established,the seismic monitoring capability for earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M_(W)6.5 in most parts of the Sichuan-Yunnan region improved by approximately 20%.In key areas such as the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhomboid Block,the monitoring capability increased by more than 25%,which has greatly improved the effectiveness of regional comprehensive earthquake management.
基金Key Science and Technology Project of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China (No.06dz1200921)Major Basic Research Project of the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(No.08JC1400100)+1 种基金Shanghai Talent Developing Foundation, China(No.001)Specialized Foundation for Excellent Talent of Shanghai,China
文摘There are a number of dirty data in observation data set derived from integrated ocean observing network system. Thus, the data must be carefully and reasonably processed before they are used for forecasting or analysis. This paper proposes a data pre-processing model based on intelligent algorithms. Firstly, we introduce the integrated network platform of ocean observation. Next, the preprocessing model of data is presemed, and an imelligent cleaning model of data is proposed. Based on fuzzy clustering, the Kohonen clustering network is improved to fulfill the parallel calculation of fuzzy c-means clustering. The proposed dynamic algorithm can automatically f＇md the new clustering center with the updated sample data. The rapid and dynamic performance of the model makes it suitable for real time calculation, and the efficiency and accuracy of the model is proved by test results through observation data analysis.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772346)
文摘This study introduces the site selection and data processing of GNSS receiver calibration networks. According to the design requirements and relevant specifications, the authors investigate the observation conditions of the potential sites and collect the experimental GNSS observation data. TEQC is used to evaluate the data availability rate and multipath effects of the observation data to determine the appropriate site. After the construction and measurement of the calibration network, the baseline processing of the medium and long baseline network is conducted by GAMIT. The accuracy indexes including NRMS, difference between repeated baselines, and closure of independent observation loops all meet the specified criteria.
基金supported by the Special Earthquake Research Project Granted by the China Earthquake Administration(201308009)
文摘In comparison with the ITRF2000 model, the ITRF2005 model represents a significant improvement in solution generation, datum definition and realization. However, these improvements cause a frame difference between the ITRF2000 and ITRF2005 models, which may impact GNSS data processing. To quantify this im- pact, the differences of the GNSS results obtained using the two models, including station coordinates, base- line length and horizontal velocity field, were analyzed. After transformation, the differences in position were at the millimeter level, and the differences in baseline length were less than 1 ram. The differences in the hori- zontal velocity fields decreased with as the study area was reduced. For a large region, the differences in these value were less than 1 mm/a, with a systematic difference of approximately 2 degrees in direction, while for a medium-sized region, the differences in value and direction were not significant.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42022025)。
文摘With the continued development of multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)and the emergence of various frequencies,UnDifferenced and UnCombined(UDUC)data processing has become an increasingly attractive option.In this contribution,we provide an overview of the current status of UDUC GNSS data processing activities in China.These activities encompass the formulation of Precise Point Positioning(PPP)models and PPP-Real-Time Kinematic(PPP-RTK)models for processing single-station and multi-station GNSS data,respectively.Regarding single-station data processing,we discuss the advancements in PPP models,particularly the extension from a single system to multiple systems,and from dual frequencies to single and multiple frequencies.Additionally,we introduce the modified PPP model,which accounts for the time variation of receiver code biases,a departure from the conventional PPP model that typically assumes these biases to be time-constant.In the realm of multi-station PPP-RTK data processing,we introduce the ionosphere-weighted PPP-RTK model,which enhances the model strength by considering the spatial correlation of ionospheric delays.We also review the phase-only PPP-RTK model,designed to mitigate the impact of unmodelled code-related errors.Furthermore,we explore GLONASS PPP-RTK,achieved through the application of the integer-estimable model.For large-scale network data processing,we introduce the all-in-view PPP-RTK model,which alleviates the strict common-view requirement at all receivers.Moreover,we present the decentralized PPP-RTK data processing strategy,designed to improve computational efficiency.Overall,this work highlights the various advancements in UDUC GNSS data processing,providing insights into the state-of-the-art techniques employed in China to achieve precise GNSS applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41774004,41904040)the Technological Innovation of SHASG(SCK2020-11).
文摘A method is proposed to fuse the velocity data of the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) and leveling height via combined adjustment with constraints. First, stable GNSS-leveling points are uniformly selected, and the constraints of the geodetic height change velocity and normal height change velocity are given. Then, the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling height difference are used as observations of combined adjustment, and robust least-squares estimation are used to estimate the velocities of the unknown points. Finally, a vertical movement model is established with the GNSS vertical velocities and leveling vertical velocities obtained via combined adjustment. Data from the second-order leveling network and GNSS control points in Shandong Province are taken as test data, and eight calculation schemes are used for discussion. One of the schemes, the bifactor robust combined adjustment method based on variance component estimation with two kinds of vertical velocity constraints achieves the optimal results. The method applied in the scheme can be recommended for data fusion of GNSS and leveling, further improving the reliability of vertical crustal movement in Shandong Province.
