BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has high morbidity and mortality worldwide,therefore there is of paramount importance to identify the risk factors in the populations at risk early in the course of illness.A s...BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has high morbidity and mortality worldwide,therefore there is of paramount importance to identify the risk factors in the populations at risk early in the course of illness.A strong correlation between severity of metabolic syndrome(MetS)and HbA1c,fasting insulin and insulin resistance has been reported.Accordingly,the MetS severity score(or MestS Zscore)can potentially be used to predict the risk of T2DM progression over time.AIM To evaluate the association the of MestS Z-score in first degree relatives(FDRs)of T2DM with the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in future.METHODS A prospective open cohort study was conducted between 2003-2018.At baseline,the sample comprised of 1766 FDRs of patients with T2DM who had a normal glucose tolerance test.Relative risk(RR)and 95%confidence interval were calculated based on logistic regression.The receiver-operator characteristic analysis and area under the curve based on MetS Z-score were used to evaluate the risk of prediabetes and diabetes among the FDR population.RESULTS Baseline MetS Z-scores were associated with the its latest values(P<0.0001).Compared with individuals who were T2DM free at the end of follow up,those who developed T2DM had higher MetS Z-score at baseline(P<0.001).In multivariable logistic regression analyses for every unit elevation in MetS Z-score at the baseline,the RR for developing future T2DM and prediabetes was(RR=1.94,RR=3.84),(RR=1.5,RR=2.17)in total population and female group,respectively(P<0.05).The associations remained significant after adjusting the potential confounding variables.A cut off value of 0.97 and 0.94 was defined in the receiver-operator characteristic curve based on the MetS Z-score for differentiating female patients with diabetes and prediabetes from the normal population,respectively.CONCLUSION The MetS Z-score was associated with an increased risk of future T2DM.Appropriate interventions at earlier stages for preventing and attenuating MetS effects may be considered as an effective strategy for FDR as at-risk population.展开更多
Background: Familial clustering in patients withpermanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) caused bythyroid dysgenesis (TD) has been reported in developedcountries. There is no information on familial TD fromdeveloping ...Background: Familial clustering in patients withpermanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) caused bythyroid dysgenesis (TD) has been reported in developedcountries. There is no information on familial TD fromdeveloping countries.Methods: A total of 312 first degree relativesbelonging to 80 families of children with TD (group 1)and 40 families of age-matched normal children (group2) were screened by thyroid ultrasonography, serum totalthyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).Results: Thyroid scintigraphy revealed agenesis in78.7% of the patients, ectopic gland in 15%, and hypoplasiain 6.2%. The mean thyroid volumes were similar in parentsand siblings of both groups. Eight (10.6%) mothers in group1 were identified to have thyroid hypoplasia as comparedwith none in group 2 (P=0.03). Serum TSH was signifi cantlyhigher in group 1 than in group 2 (P=0.004). Sixteen (7.8%)subjects (6 mothers, 5 fathers, and 5 siblings) in group 1were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism as comparedto none in group 2 (P<0.05). Four families were identifiedto have thyroid developmental anomalies and abnormalthyroid functions accounting for 5% of cases of familial TDin our cohort.Conclusions: Thyroid developmental anomalies andthyroid function abnormalities are more frequent in firstdegree relatives of children with TD as compared with acontrol population. These findings suggest that possiblythere is a genetic component of TD in Indian patients.展开更多
Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive impariment in ultra high-risk subjects and familial high risk group with schizophrenia.Methods The cognitive function was assessed by the Trail Marking Test,Symbol...Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive impariment in ultra high-risk subjects and familial high risk group with schizophrenia.Methods The cognitive function was assessed by the Trail Marking Test,Symbol Coding(SC),Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised(HVLT-R),Brief Visual spatial Memory展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of familial cerebral cavernous malformations(FCCMs)in first-degree relatives(FDRs)using familial screening,to describe the distribution of initial symptoms,lesio...Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of familial cerebral cavernous malformations(FCCMs)in first-degree relatives(FDRs)using familial screening,to describe the distribution of initial symptoms,lesion count on cranial MRI and pathogenic gene in patients.Methods Patients with multiple CCMs who enrolled from the Treatments and Outcomes of Untreated Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in China database were considered as probands and FDRs were recruited.Cranial MRI was performed to screen the CCMs lesions,and whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify CCM mutations.MRI and genetic screening were combined to diagnose FCCM in FDRs,and the results were presented as prevalence and 95%CIs.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of FCCM.Results 33(76.74%)of the 43 families(110 FDRs)were identified as FCCM(85 FDRs).Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed three lesions on T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)were the strong indicator for distinguishing probands with FCCM(sensitivity,87.10%;specificity,87.50%).Of the 85 FDRs,31 were diagnosed with FCCM,resulting in a prevalence of 36.5%(26.2%-46.7%).In families with FCCMs,the mutation rates for CCM1,CCM2 and CCM3 were 45.45%,21.21%and 9.09%,respectively.Furthermore,53.13%of patients were asymptomatic,17.19%were intracranial haemorrhage and 9.38%were epilepsy.The mean age of symptom onset analysed by KM was 46.67(40.56-52.78)years.Conclusion Based on MRI and genetic analysis,the prevalence of CCMs in the FDRs of families with FCCMs in China was 36.5%.Genetic counselling and MRI screening are recommended for FDRs in patients with more than three CCM lesions on T2WI.展开更多
Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background （family background）. The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Usin...Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background （family background）. The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, thegreater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though fatuity background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society ＂open to talent.＂展开更多
基金Supported by Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center,No. 95017.
文摘BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)has high morbidity and mortality worldwide,therefore there is of paramount importance to identify the risk factors in the populations at risk early in the course of illness.A strong correlation between severity of metabolic syndrome(MetS)and HbA1c,fasting insulin and insulin resistance has been reported.Accordingly,the MetS severity score(or MestS Zscore)can potentially be used to predict the risk of T2DM progression over time.AIM To evaluate the association the of MestS Z-score in first degree relatives(FDRs)of T2DM with the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in future.METHODS A prospective open cohort study was conducted between 2003-2018.At baseline,the sample comprised of 1766 FDRs of patients with T2DM who had a normal glucose tolerance test.Relative risk(RR)and 95%confidence interval were calculated based on logistic regression.The receiver-operator characteristic analysis and area under the curve based on MetS Z-score were used to evaluate the risk of prediabetes and diabetes among the FDR population.RESULTS Baseline MetS Z-scores were associated with the its latest values(P<0.0001).Compared with individuals who were T2DM free at the end of follow up,those who developed T2DM had higher MetS Z-score at baseline(P<0.001).In multivariable logistic regression analyses for every unit elevation in MetS Z-score at the baseline,the RR for developing future T2DM and prediabetes was(RR=1.94,RR=3.84),(RR=1.5,RR=2.17)in total population and female group,respectively(P<0.05).The associations remained significant after adjusting the potential confounding variables.A cut off value of 0.97 and 0.94 was defined in the receiver-operator characteristic curve based on the MetS Z-score for differentiating female patients with diabetes and prediabetes from the normal population,respectively.CONCLUSION The MetS Z-score was associated with an increased risk of future T2DM.Appropriate interventions at earlier stages for preventing and attenuating MetS effects may be considered as an effective strategy for FDR as at-risk population.
文摘Background: Familial clustering in patients withpermanent congenital hypothyroidism (CH) caused bythyroid dysgenesis (TD) has been reported in developedcountries. There is no information on familial TD fromdeveloping countries.Methods: A total of 312 first degree relativesbelonging to 80 families of children with TD (group 1)and 40 families of age-matched normal children (group2) were screened by thyroid ultrasonography, serum totalthyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH).Results: Thyroid scintigraphy revealed agenesis in78.7% of the patients, ectopic gland in 15%, and hypoplasiain 6.2%. The mean thyroid volumes were similar in parentsand siblings of both groups. Eight (10.6%) mothers in group1 were identified to have thyroid hypoplasia as comparedwith none in group 2 (P=0.03). Serum TSH was signifi cantlyhigher in group 1 than in group 2 (P=0.004). Sixteen (7.8%)subjects (6 mothers, 5 fathers, and 5 siblings) in group 1were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism as comparedto none in group 2 (P<0.05). Four families were identifiedto have thyroid developmental anomalies and abnormalthyroid functions accounting for 5% of cases of familial TDin our cohort.Conclusions: Thyroid developmental anomalies andthyroid function abnormalities are more frequent in firstdegree relatives of children with TD as compared with acontrol population. These findings suggest that possiblythere is a genetic component of TD in Indian patients.
文摘Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive impariment in ultra high-risk subjects and familial high risk group with schizophrenia.Methods The cognitive function was assessed by the Trail Marking Test,Symbol Coding(SC),Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised(HVLT-R),Brief Visual spatial Memory
基金supported by grants from Technology Platform Construction Project of Fujian Province(2020Y2003,2021Y2001)supported the Fujian Province High level Neuromedical Center Construction Fund(principal investigator:DK),a grant from the Government of Fujian Province(grant number:HLNCC-FJFY 003)supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(8227051360).
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the prevalence of familial cerebral cavernous malformations(FCCMs)in first-degree relatives(FDRs)using familial screening,to describe the distribution of initial symptoms,lesion count on cranial MRI and pathogenic gene in patients.Methods Patients with multiple CCMs who enrolled from the Treatments and Outcomes of Untreated Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in China database were considered as probands and FDRs were recruited.Cranial MRI was performed to screen the CCMs lesions,and whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify CCM mutations.MRI and genetic screening were combined to diagnose FCCM in FDRs,and the results were presented as prevalence and 95%CIs.The Kaplan-Meier(KM)method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of FCCM.Results 33(76.74%)of the 43 families(110 FDRs)were identified as FCCM(85 FDRs).Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed three lesions on T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)were the strong indicator for distinguishing probands with FCCM(sensitivity,87.10%;specificity,87.50%).Of the 85 FDRs,31 were diagnosed with FCCM,resulting in a prevalence of 36.5%(26.2%-46.7%).In families with FCCMs,the mutation rates for CCM1,CCM2 and CCM3 were 45.45%,21.21%and 9.09%,respectively.Furthermore,53.13%of patients were asymptomatic,17.19%were intracranial haemorrhage and 9.38%were epilepsy.The mean age of symptom onset analysed by KM was 46.67(40.56-52.78)years.Conclusion Based on MRI and genetic analysis,the prevalence of CCMs in the FDRs of families with FCCMs in China was 36.5%.Genetic counselling and MRI screening are recommended for FDRs in patients with more than three CCM lesions on T2WI.
基金supported by the National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation project"A Study of Trends in the Evolution of the Structure of Social Strata in China"(10ASH002)the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Bases(Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method of Renmin University)major topic"Sociological Theory and Empirical Research on Equity in Education"(07JJD840198)Tsinghua University Humanities and Social Sciences Revitalization Fund Research Program Later Stage project"Research on Educational Equity and Social Stratification"(2010WKHQ008)
文摘Individual education performance is usually influenced jointly by ability and background （family background）. The relative share of these two factors forms the basic grounds for judgments of educational equity. Using sheaf coefficients, we compare the influence of these two mechanisms on the distribution of access to regular first degree higher education opportunities for institutions at different levels. Our findings show that both ability and family background have a marked influence. The higher the level of the institution, thegreater the ability demanded of its students. The effect of family also increases significantly at this level, but ability always has a much stronger influence than family background. It can be seen that though fatuity background is influential in the distribution of higher education opportunities in China today, ability fundamentally remains the dominant criterion, embodying the classic features of a meritocratic society ＂open to talent.＂
