Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains chall...Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains challenging,thereby hindering the effective utilization of existing natural fractures.In this study,a phase field model was developed utilizing the finite element method to examine the influence of fluid presence,stress conditions,and natural fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures.The model employs Biot's poroelasticity theory to establish the coupling between the displacement field and the fluid field,while the phase field theory is applied to simulate fracture behavior.The results show that whenσ_(x0)/σ_(y0)<3 or qf<20 kg/(m^(3)·s),the presence of natural fractures can alter the original propagation direction of hydraulic fractures.Conversely,in the absence of these conditions,the propagation path of natural fractures is predominantly influenced by the initial stress field.Furthermore,based on the analysis of breakdown pressure and damage area,the optimal intersection angle between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures is determined to range from 45°to 60°.Finally,once a dominant channel forms,initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in other directions becomes increasingly difficult,even in highly fractured areas.This method tackles the challenges of initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in complex geological conditions,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)projects.展开更多
The use of antifouling agents is suggested to be a promising method for protecting oceanic instruments from biological contamination.We developed a novel antifouling material doped with capsaicin(CAP)as a filler and m...The use of antifouling agents is suggested to be a promising method for protecting oceanic instruments from biological contamination.We developed a novel antifouling material doped with capsaicin(CAP)as a filler and montmorillonite(MMT)as a carrier for the practical application of CTD(conductivity,temperature,depth)protection.The optimal parameters for preparing the material were established,and the obtained material achieved the maximum CAP loading capacity of 32.74%.The proposed material exhibited great release properties in acidic environments,which is beneficial for reducing bacterial attachment.Furthermore,the optimal conditions(temperature,flow rate,and pressure in the aquatic environment)for a better release rate of the material were determined through a series of simulation tests in lab.It provided good guidance and basis for practical application of the material.The CAP@MMT composite showed excellent efficiency and effectiveness in preventing the attachment of microorganisms during the four-month marine field tests.In the subsequent experiments,the great properties of the antifouling material were further confirmed by retesting the conductivity of four instruments participating in marine field tests.The measuring errors of CTD protected by the antifouling material are both within 0.01 mS/cm,which is far lower than that of the other two instruments.展开更多
With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist i...With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.展开更多
Polymer flooding is an important means of improving oil recovery and is widely used in Daqing,Xinjiang,and Shengli oilfields,China.Different from conventional injection media such as water and gas,viscoelastic polymer...Polymer flooding is an important means of improving oil recovery and is widely used in Daqing,Xinjiang,and Shengli oilfields,China.Different from conventional injection media such as water and gas,viscoelastic polymer solutions exhibit non-Newtonian and nonlinear flow behavior including shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption,retention,inaccessible pore volume,and reduced effective permeability.However,available well test model of polymer flooding wells generally simplifies these characteristics on pressure transient response,which may lead to inaccurate results.This work proposes a novel two-phase numerical well test model to better describe the polymer viscoelasticity and nonlinear flow behavior.Different influence factors that related to near-well blockage during polymer flooding process,including the degree of blockage(inner zone permeability),the extent of blockage(composite radius),and polymer flooding front radius are explored to investigate these impacts on bottom hole pressure responses.Results show that polymer viscoelasticity has a significant impact on the transitional flow segment of type curves,and the effects of near-well formation blockage and polymer concentration distribution on well test curves are very similar.Thus,to accurately interpret the degree of near-well blockage in injection wells,it is essential to first eliminate the influence of polymer viscoelasticity.Finally,a field case is comprehensively analyzed and discussed to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.展开更多
China has pledged to peak carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.Carbon capture and storage(CCS)will play a key role in these efforts.Over the past several years,the China Geolog...China has pledged to peak carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.Carbon capture and storage(CCS)will play a key role in these efforts.Over the past several years,the China Geological Survey(CGS)has completed the Suitability Evaluation Map of CO_(2)Geological Storage in Main Sedimentary Basins in China and Adjacent Sea Regions in 2017.This map reflects the suitability of the first-and secondary-order tectonic units within sedimentary basins for cO_(2)geological storage for CCS planning.The Junggar Basin is recognized as an important region for future CCS projects.Results from a mesoscale evaluation using the volume method indicate that deep saline aquifers represent the most significant resources for CO_(2)storage,with potential ranging from 48×10^(9)to 164×10^(9)t(with a P50 value of 96×10^(9)t).The highest storage potential is identified in the central and northern parts of the basin,reaching up to 9.5×10^(6)t/km^(2)at the P50 probability level.In contrast,the hinterland,eastern,and western parts of the basin generally exhibit storage potential of below 1.0×10^(6)t/km^(2)at the same probability level.The CGs has also characterized historical CO_(2)plume migration in reservoirs at the storage site of the Shenhua CCS demonstration project and conducted numerical simulations of CO_(2)plume migration for periods of 10 and 20 years following the shutdown of the injection well.The CGS implemented a kiloton-scale pilot test on CO_(2)-enhanced water recovery(CO_(2)-EWR)in eastern Junggar,revealing that CO_(2)flooding can improve the pressure for fluid production,with the highest ratio of CO_(2)to produced fluids estimated at approximately 1.2.Besides,an observation field for natural CO_(2)leakage,covering about 930 m^(2),was built in Qinghai Province.In natural CO_(2)fields or at artificial CO_(2)injection research sites,cO_(2)leakage points are primarily related to the distribution of faults(especially fault crossing),which can serve as pathways for CO_(2)leakage.The observation field provides a natural analog to wellbore failure and offers an opportunity to further monitor CO_(2)geological storage sites.However,it has been inferred that borehole ZK10 at the observation field has become a leakage pathway due to the drilling activities,inadequate well-plugging,and abandonment procedures without considering CO_(2)corrosion.展开更多
As the commercialization of the fifth gen-eration communication(5G)is sped up,its system testing scheme is vital for the successful deployment of 5G.Especially,5G relies on the scale-increased multiple-input-multiple ...As the commercialization of the fifth gen-eration communication(5G)is sped up,its system testing scheme is vital for the successful deployment of 5G.Especially,5G relies on the scale-increased multiple-input-multiple output(MIMO)technique to improve its capacity and coverage.Thus,testing new functions of the 5G MIMO system accurately and ef-ficiently,including beamforming(beam-tracking with movement)and multiple-user(MU)multiplexing,is a challenging task.This paper tries to construct a lab-oratorial hardware and conduct equipment-controlled field testing.Firstly,the testing scheme is presented,which is composed of the framework,the channel models and the validation methods.Then,the channel model principles are explained in detail due to its di-rect influence on the testing accuracy.Specifically,we utilize the spatial consistency and the multi-link cor-relation properties to emulate the high-speed dynamic time-varying(HDT)and the multiple-cell(MC)-MU-MIMO channels.Finally,the above testing scheme is verified in a Shanghai 5G field experiment with the practical commercial equipment and the channel em-ulator.The results show that the 5G new functions are tested accurately and efficiently by switching the channel emulation configurations.展开更多
In ultrasonic non-destructive testing of high-temperature industrial equipment,sound velocity drift induced by non-uniform temperature fields can severely compromise defect localization accuracy.Conventional approache...In ultrasonic non-destructive testing of high-temperature industrial equipment,sound velocity drift induced by non-uniform temperature fields can severely compromise defect localization accuracy.Conventional approaches that rely on room-temperature sound velocities introduce systematic errors,potentially leading to misjudgment of safety-critical components.Two primary challenges hinder current methods:first,it is difficult to monitor real-time changes in sound velocity distribution within a thermal gradient;second,traditional uniform-temperature correction models fail to capture the nonlinear dependence of material properties on temperature and their effect on ultrasonic velocity fields.Here,we propose a defect localization correction method based on multiphysics coupling.A two-dimensional coupled heat transfer–wave propagation model is established in COMSOL,and a one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer condition is used to design a numerical pulse–echo experiment in 1020 steel.Temperature-dependent material properties are incorporated,and the intrinsic relationship between sound velocity and temperature is derived,confirming consistency with classical theories.To account for gradient temperature fields,a micro-element integration algorithm discretizes the propagation path into segments,each associated with a locally computed temperature from the steady-state heat conduction solution.Defect positions are dynamically corrected through cumulative displacement along the propagation path.By integrating heat conduction and elastic wave propagation in a multiphysics framework,this method overcomes the limitations of uniform-temperature assumptions.The micro-element integration approach enables dynamic tracking of spatially varying sound velocities,offering a robust strategy to enhance ultrasonic testing accuracy in high-temperature industrial environments.展开更多
Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength.While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity,evaluating shear strength heterogen...Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength.While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity,evaluating shear strength heterogeneity remains challenging.To address this,this study first captures the morphology of large-scale(1000 mm × 1000 mm) slate and granite joints via 3D laser scanning.Analysis of these surfaces and corresponding push/pull tests on carved specimens revealed a potential correlation between the heterogeneity of roughness and shear strength.A comparative evaluation of five statistical metrics identified information entropy(Hs) as the most robust indicator for quantifying rock joint heterogeneity.Further analysis using Hsreveals that the heterogeneity is anisotropic and,critically,that shear strength heterogeneity is governed not only by roughness heterogeneity but is also significantly influenced by the mean roughness value,normal stress,and intact rock tensile strength.Consequently,a simple comparison of roughness Hsvalues is insufficient for reliably comparing shear strength heterogeneity.To overcome this limitation,a theoretical framework is developed to explicitly map fundamental roughness statistics(mean and heterogeneity) to shear strength heterogeneity.This framework culminates in a practical workflow that allows for the rapid,field-based assessment of shear strength heterogeneity using readily obtainable rock joint roughness data.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability.While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for opti...Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability.While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for optimal coverage,ranking further refines their execution order to detect critical faults earlier.This study investigates machine learning techniques to enhance both prioritization and ranking,contributing to more effective and efficient testing processes.We first employ advanced feature engineering alongside ensemble models,including Gradient Boosted,Support Vector Machines,Random Forests,and Naive Bayes classifiers to optimize test case prioritization,achieving an accuracy score of 0.98847 and significantly improving the Average Percentage of Fault Detection(APFD).Subsequently,we introduce a deep Q-learning framework combined with a Genetic Algorithm(GA)to refine test case ranking within priority levels.This approach achieves a rank accuracy of 0.9172,demonstrating robust performance despite the increasing computational demands of specialized variation operators.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of stacked ensemble learning and reinforcement learning in optimizing test case prioritization and ranking.This integrated approach improves testing efficiency,reduces late-stage defects,and improves overall software stability.The study provides valuable information for AI-driven testing frameworks,paving the way for more intelligent and adaptive software quality assurance methodologies.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,the intelligence level of software is increasingly improving.Intelligent software,which is widely applied in crucial fields such as autonomous driving,intelligent ...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,the intelligence level of software is increasingly improving.Intelligent software,which is widely applied in crucial fields such as autonomous driving,intelligent customer service,and medical diagnosis,is constructed based on complex technologies like machine learning and deep learning.Its uncertain behavior and data dependence pose unprecedented challenges to software testing.However,existing software testing courses mainly focus on conventional contents and are unable to meet the requirements of intelligent software testing.Therefore,this work deeply analyzed the relevant technologies of intelligent software testing,including reliability evaluation indicator system,neuron coverage,and test case generation.It also systematically designed an intelligent software testing course,covering teaching objectives,teaching content,teaching methods,and a teaching case.Verified by the practical teaching in four classes,this course has achieved remarkable results,providing practical experience for the reform of software testing courses.展开更多
The deformation characteristics and thermal response of anchor rods are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of surrounding rock support structures.However,existing research has predominantly concentrated on ...The deformation characteristics and thermal response of anchor rods are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of surrounding rock support structures.However,existing research has predominantly concentrated on the mechanical performance of anchor rods,with limited attention to the coupled evolution of strain and temperature fields during tensile deformation.This knowledge gap hinders a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic mechanical-thermal response mechanisms in anchor rods under loading conditions.To address this limitation,the present study systematically investigated the evolution of strain and temperature fields,along with their correlation,during the test of micro-negative Poisson's ratio(NPR)and ordinary Poisson's ratio(PR)anchor rods.Digital image correlation(DIC)and infrared thermography(IRT)techniques were employed for this exploration.The uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at two different rates,and the ordinary PR anchor rod(Q235 anchor rod)was established as a control group for comparative analysis.The findings reveal that the micro-NPR anchor rod exhibit strain localization at multiple locations during the tensile process,whereas Q235 anchors show local strain concentration in only one region.The standard deviation evolution curves for both the strain and temperature field exhibit two distinct phases in the two anchor rods.The evolution patterns between these two types of curves are basically consistent.The two standard deviation curves for the micro-NPR anchor rod display a wavy increase in the second phase,while for the Q235 anchor rod,they increase steadily until the specimen is damaged.The correlation analysis reveals that the standard deviations of strain and temperature differences for both types of anchor rods are significantly correlated.These findings demonstrate the synergistic evolution mechanism of deformation and thermal response,providing a potential foundation for utilizing thermal monitoring to assess the stability of rock support structures.展开更多
Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low...Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K.Analysis using both the quadratic term and power-law fitting demonstrates that the in-plane resistivityρ_(ab)(T)progressively approaches the Fermi-liquid T~2behavior with increasing K doping and reaches a saturation plateau at x≈0.8.The temperature dependence of both H_(c2)^(ab)and H^(c)_(c2)follows the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model,incorporating orbital and spin paramagnetic effects.For x≤0.8,the orbital effect dominates for H ab,while the Pauli paramagnetic effect prevails for H c.For x>0.8,the Pauli paramagnetic effect becomes dominant in both crystallographic directions.The anisotropy of H_(c2)(0)exhibits a discontinuity in its dependence on K doping concentration with a significant enhancement at x=0.8 and a maximum at x=0.9.These experimental results indicate that the electron correlation effect is enhanced in the heavily overdoped Ba_(1-x)K_(x)Fe_(2)As_(2)system where the underlying symmetries are broken due to the Fermi surface reconstruction before x=0.9.展开更多
Shenzhen,a major city in southern China,has experienced rapid advancements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)technology,resulting in extensive logistics networks with thousands of daily flights.However,frequent disruptio...Shenzhen,a major city in southern China,has experienced rapid advancements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)technology,resulting in extensive logistics networks with thousands of daily flights.However,frequent disruptions due to its subtropical monsoon climate,including typhoons and gusty winds,present ongoing challenges.Despite the growing focus on operational costs and third-party risks,research on low-altitude urban wind fields remains scarce.This study addresses this gap by integrating wind field analysis into UAV path planning,introducing key innovations to the classical model.First,UAV wind resistance and turbulence constraints are analyzed,mapping high-wind-speed and turbulence-prone zones in the airspace.Second,wind dynamics are incorporated into path planning by considering airspeed and groundspeed variation,optimizing waypoint selection and flight speed adjustments to improve overall energy efficiency.Additionally,a wind-aware Theta*algorithm is proposed,leveraging wind vectors to expedite search process,while Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)techniques are employed to calculate wind fields.A case study of Shenzhen,examining wind patterns over the past decade,demonstrates a 6.23%improvement in groundspeed and a 7.69%reduction in energy consumption compared to wind-agnostic models.This framework advances UAV logistics by enhancing route safety and energy efficiency,contributing to more cost-effective operations.展开更多
With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raisin...With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.展开更多
Cloud services,favored by many enterprises due to their high flexibility and easy operation,are widely used for data storage and processing.However,the high latency,together with transmission overheads of the cloud ar...Cloud services,favored by many enterprises due to their high flexibility and easy operation,are widely used for data storage and processing.However,the high latency,together with transmission overheads of the cloud architecture,makes it difficult to quickly respond to the demands of IoT applications and local computation.To make up for these deficiencies in the cloud,fog computing has emerged as a critical role in the IoT applications.It decentralizes the computing power to various lower nodes close to data sources,so as to achieve the goal of low latency and distributed processing.With the data being frequently exchanged and shared between multiple nodes,it becomes a challenge to authorize data securely and efficiently while protecting user privacy.To address this challenge,proxy re-encryption(PRE)schemes provide a feasible way allowing an intermediary proxy node to re-encrypt ciphertext designated for different authorized data requesters without compromising any plaintext information.Since the proxy is viewed as a semi-trusted party,it should be taken to prevent malicious behaviors and reduce the risk of data leakage when implementing PRE schemes.This paper proposes a new fog-assisted identity-based PRE scheme supporting anonymous key generation,equality test,and user revocation to fulfill various IoT application requirements.Specifically,in a traditional identity-based public key architecture,the key escrow problem and the necessity of a secure channel are major security concerns.We utilize an anonymous key generation technique to solve these problems.The equality test functionality further enables a cloud server to inspect whether two candidate trapdoors contain an identical keyword.In particular,the proposed scheme realizes fine-grained user-level authorization while maintaining strong key confidentiality.To revoke an invalid user identity,we add a revocation list to the system flows to restrict access privileges without increasing additional computation cost.To ensure security,it is shown that our system meets the security notion of IND-PrID-CCA and OW-ID-CCA under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman(DBDH)assumption.展开更多
A solenoid is typically used in normally conducting and superconducting radio frequency(SRF)photoinjectors to compensate for the projected transverse beam emittance.In the ELBE SRF Gun-Ⅱ,a superconducting solenoid is...A solenoid is typically used in normally conducting and superconducting radio frequency(SRF)photoinjectors to compensate for the projected transverse beam emittance.In the ELBE SRF Gun-Ⅱ,a superconducting solenoid is positioned inside the gun cryomodule approximately 0.7 m from the end of the gun cavity.The spherical aberration and multipole field effects caused by offset and tilt limit the reduction in beam emittance for high bunch charges.We designed a novel superconducting(SC)solenoid with a lower spherical aberration coefficient.In the simulation,the beam emittance from the spherical aberration decreased by 47%.Both the longitudinal and transverse fields were measured and analyzed using the formalism fitting method to assess the performance of the SC solenoid within the cryomodule and its influence on the beam transverse emittance.展开更多
AIM:To identify early biomarkers associated with glaucomatous visual field(VF)progression in patients with normal-tension glaucoma(NTG).METHODS:This study included patients were divided into two groups based on diseas...AIM:To identify early biomarkers associated with glaucomatous visual field(VF)progression in patients with normal-tension glaucoma(NTG).METHODS:This study included patients were divided into two groups based on disease progression status.Tear samples were collected for proteomic analysis.Dataindependent acquisition(DIA)mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatic analyses was performed to identify and validate potential protein biomarkers for NTG progression.Additionally,differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were evaluated using mediating effect models and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS:A total of 19 patients(20 eyes)with NTG participated in this study,including 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;10 eyes)in the progression group with mean age of 67.70±9.03y and 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;10 eyes)in the non-progression group with mean age of 68.60±7.58y.A total of 158 significantly differentially expressed proteins were detected.UniProt database annotation identified 3 upregulated proteins and 12 downregulated proteins.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that these DEPs were mainly enriched in pathways such as oocyte meiosis.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed functional clusters related to cellular processes.Weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)indicated that the core proteins were primarily involved in the neurodegenerationmultiple diseases pathway and cellular processes.Mediating effect analysis identified PRDX4(L)as a potential protein biomarker.ROC curve analysis showed that GNAI1 had the largest area under the curve(AUC=0.889).CONCLUSION:This study identifies 15 differentially expressed proteins in the tear fluid of NTG patients,including PRDX4(L).PRDX4(L)plays a key role in oxidative stress.展开更多
Lateral flow immunoassays(LFIAs)are low-cost,rapid,and easy to use for pointof-care testing(POCT),but the majority of the available LFIA tests are indicative,rather than quantitative,and their sensitivity in antigen t...Lateral flow immunoassays(LFIAs)are low-cost,rapid,and easy to use for pointof-care testing(POCT),but the majority of the available LFIA tests are indicative,rather than quantitative,and their sensitivity in antigen tests are usually limited at the nanogram range,which is primarily due to the passive capillary fluidics through nitrocellulose membranes,often associated with non-specific bindings and high background noise.To overcome this challenge,we report a Beads-on-a-Tip design by replacing nitrocellulose membranes with a pipette tip loaded with magnetic beads.The beads are pre-conjugated with capture antibodies that support a typical sandwich immunoassay.This design enriches the low-abundant antigen proteins and allows an active washing process to significantly reduce non-specific bindings.To further improve the detection sensitivity,we employed upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)as luminescent reporters and SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)antigen as a model analyte to benchmark the performance of this design against our previously reported methods.We found that the key to enhance the immunocomplex formation and signal-to-noise ratio lay in optimizing incubation time and the UCNP-to-bead ratio.We therefore successfully demonstrated that the new method can achieve a very large dynamic range from 500 fg/mL to 10μg/mL,across over 7 digits,and a limit of detection of 706 fg/mL,nearly another order of magnitude lower than the best reported LFIA using UCNPs in COVID-19 spike antigen detection.Our system offers a promising solution for ultra-sensitive and quantitative POCT diagnostics.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer e...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer efficiency of current catalysts,the further application of AOPs technology is limited.Here,it is proposed that the interfacial electric field can be controlled by bor(B)-doped FeNC catalysts,which shows significant advantages in the efficient generation,release and participation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the reaction.The super exchange interaction between Fe sites and N and B sites is realized through the directional transfer of electrons in the interfacial electric field,which ensures the high efficiency and stability of the PMS catalytic process.B doping increases the d orbitals distribution at Fermi level,which facilitates enhanced electron transition activity,thereby promoting the effective generation of (1)^O_(2).At the same time,orbital hybridization causes the center of the d band to move to a lower energy level,which not only contributes to the desorption process of (1)^O_(2),but also accelerates its release.In addition,B-doping also improved the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and shortened the migration distance of ROS,thereby significantly improving the degradation efficiency of ECs.The B-doping strategy outlined offers a novel approach to the development of FeNC catalysts,it lays a theoretical foundation and offers technical insights for the integration of PMS/AOPs technology in the ECs management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB150740401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202336)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program in China(Y826031C01)。
文摘Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains challenging,thereby hindering the effective utilization of existing natural fractures.In this study,a phase field model was developed utilizing the finite element method to examine the influence of fluid presence,stress conditions,and natural fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures.The model employs Biot's poroelasticity theory to establish the coupling between the displacement field and the fluid field,while the phase field theory is applied to simulate fracture behavior.The results show that whenσ_(x0)/σ_(y0)<3 or qf<20 kg/(m^(3)·s),the presence of natural fractures can alter the original propagation direction of hydraulic fractures.Conversely,in the absence of these conditions,the propagation path of natural fractures is predominantly influenced by the initial stress field.Furthermore,based on the analysis of breakdown pressure and damage area,the optimal intersection angle between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures is determined to range from 45°to 60°.Finally,once a dominant channel forms,initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in other directions becomes increasingly difficult,even in highly fractured areas.This method tackles the challenges of initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in complex geological conditions,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)projects.
基金supported by the directional Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology,MNR(No.2021KlootB06)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271341)。
文摘The use of antifouling agents is suggested to be a promising method for protecting oceanic instruments from biological contamination.We developed a novel antifouling material doped with capsaicin(CAP)as a filler and montmorillonite(MMT)as a carrier for the practical application of CTD(conductivity,temperature,depth)protection.The optimal parameters for preparing the material were established,and the obtained material achieved the maximum CAP loading capacity of 32.74%.The proposed material exhibited great release properties in acidic environments,which is beneficial for reducing bacterial attachment.Furthermore,the optimal conditions(temperature,flow rate,and pressure in the aquatic environment)for a better release rate of the material were determined through a series of simulation tests in lab.It provided good guidance and basis for practical application of the material.The CAP@MMT composite showed excellent efficiency and effectiveness in preventing the attachment of microorganisms during the four-month marine field tests.In the subsequent experiments,the great properties of the antifouling material were further confirmed by retesting the conductivity of four instruments participating in marine field tests.The measuring errors of CTD protected by the antifouling material are both within 0.01 mS/cm,which is far lower than that of the other two instruments.
基金supported by the“National Ocean Technology Center Innovation Fund”under Project No.N3220Z002,led by Ning Jia.The official website of the National Ocean Technology Center is accessible at:http://www.notcsoa.org.cn/.
文摘With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52104049)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Beijing Association for Science and Technology(BYESS2023262)。
文摘Polymer flooding is an important means of improving oil recovery and is widely used in Daqing,Xinjiang,and Shengli oilfields,China.Different from conventional injection media such as water and gas,viscoelastic polymer solutions exhibit non-Newtonian and nonlinear flow behavior including shear thinning and shear thickening,polymer convection,diffusion,adsorption,retention,inaccessible pore volume,and reduced effective permeability.However,available well test model of polymer flooding wells generally simplifies these characteristics on pressure transient response,which may lead to inaccurate results.This work proposes a novel two-phase numerical well test model to better describe the polymer viscoelasticity and nonlinear flow behavior.Different influence factors that related to near-well blockage during polymer flooding process,including the degree of blockage(inner zone permeability),the extent of blockage(composite radius),and polymer flooding front radius are explored to investigate these impacts on bottom hole pressure responses.Results show that polymer viscoelasticity has a significant impact on the transitional flow segment of type curves,and the effects of near-well formation blockage and polymer concentration distribution on well test curves are very similar.Thus,to accurately interpret the degree of near-well blockage in injection wells,it is essential to first eliminate the influence of polymer viscoelasticity.Finally,a field case is comprehensively analyzed and discussed to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42141013)China Geological Survey(DD20221818,DD20242513).
文摘China has pledged to peak carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.Carbon capture and storage(CCS)will play a key role in these efforts.Over the past several years,the China Geological Survey(CGS)has completed the Suitability Evaluation Map of CO_(2)Geological Storage in Main Sedimentary Basins in China and Adjacent Sea Regions in 2017.This map reflects the suitability of the first-and secondary-order tectonic units within sedimentary basins for cO_(2)geological storage for CCS planning.The Junggar Basin is recognized as an important region for future CCS projects.Results from a mesoscale evaluation using the volume method indicate that deep saline aquifers represent the most significant resources for CO_(2)storage,with potential ranging from 48×10^(9)to 164×10^(9)t(with a P50 value of 96×10^(9)t).The highest storage potential is identified in the central and northern parts of the basin,reaching up to 9.5×10^(6)t/km^(2)at the P50 probability level.In contrast,the hinterland,eastern,and western parts of the basin generally exhibit storage potential of below 1.0×10^(6)t/km^(2)at the same probability level.The CGs has also characterized historical CO_(2)plume migration in reservoirs at the storage site of the Shenhua CCS demonstration project and conducted numerical simulations of CO_(2)plume migration for periods of 10 and 20 years following the shutdown of the injection well.The CGS implemented a kiloton-scale pilot test on CO_(2)-enhanced water recovery(CO_(2)-EWR)in eastern Junggar,revealing that CO_(2)flooding can improve the pressure for fluid production,with the highest ratio of CO_(2)to produced fluids estimated at approximately 1.2.Besides,an observation field for natural CO_(2)leakage,covering about 930 m^(2),was built in Qinghai Province.In natural CO_(2)fields or at artificial CO_(2)injection research sites,cO_(2)leakage points are primarily related to the distribution of faults(especially fault crossing),which can serve as pathways for CO_(2)leakage.The observation field provides a natural analog to wellbore failure and offers an opportunity to further monitor CO_(2)geological storage sites.However,it has been inferred that borehole ZK10 at the observation field has become a leakage pathway due to the drilling activities,inadequate well-plugging,and abandonment procedures without considering CO_(2)corrosion.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62201087,Grant 62525101,in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2023YFB2904803in part by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research under Grant 2023B0303000001+1 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing-Xiaomi Innovation Joint Foundation under Grant L243002in part by the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Research Institute Joint Institute.
文摘As the commercialization of the fifth gen-eration communication(5G)is sped up,its system testing scheme is vital for the successful deployment of 5G.Especially,5G relies on the scale-increased multiple-input-multiple output(MIMO)technique to improve its capacity and coverage.Thus,testing new functions of the 5G MIMO system accurately and ef-ficiently,including beamforming(beam-tracking with movement)and multiple-user(MU)multiplexing,is a challenging task.This paper tries to construct a lab-oratorial hardware and conduct equipment-controlled field testing.Firstly,the testing scheme is presented,which is composed of the framework,the channel models and the validation methods.Then,the channel model principles are explained in detail due to its di-rect influence on the testing accuracy.Specifically,we utilize the spatial consistency and the multi-link cor-relation properties to emulate the high-speed dynamic time-varying(HDT)and the multiple-cell(MC)-MU-MIMO channels.Finally,the above testing scheme is verified in a Shanghai 5G field experiment with the practical commercial equipment and the channel em-ulator.The results show that the 5G new functions are tested accurately and efficiently by switching the channel emulation configurations.
基金supported by the following projects:National Natural Science Foundation of China[U24A20135]Science and Technology Program of the State Administration for Market Regulation[2024MK016]+9 种基金Basic Scientific Research Fund Project for Higher Education Institutions of Inner Mongolia(2024YXXS057)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia[2023ZD12]2023 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key R&D and Achievement Transformation Program[2023YFHH0090]Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia[2022MS05006]Talent Development Fund of Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionFundamental Research Funds for Universities[2023RCTD012]Fundamental Research Funds for Universities[2023QNJS075]Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Postgraduate Research Innovation Project[KC2024053B]Fundamental Research Funds for Universities[2024YXXS012]Open Project of the National Key Laboratory of Special Vehicle Design and Manufacturing Integration Technology[GZ2023KF012].
文摘In ultrasonic non-destructive testing of high-temperature industrial equipment,sound velocity drift induced by non-uniform temperature fields can severely compromise defect localization accuracy.Conventional approaches that rely on room-temperature sound velocities introduce systematic errors,potentially leading to misjudgment of safety-critical components.Two primary challenges hinder current methods:first,it is difficult to monitor real-time changes in sound velocity distribution within a thermal gradient;second,traditional uniform-temperature correction models fail to capture the nonlinear dependence of material properties on temperature and their effect on ultrasonic velocity fields.Here,we propose a defect localization correction method based on multiphysics coupling.A two-dimensional coupled heat transfer–wave propagation model is established in COMSOL,and a one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer condition is used to design a numerical pulse–echo experiment in 1020 steel.Temperature-dependent material properties are incorporated,and the intrinsic relationship between sound velocity and temperature is derived,confirming consistency with classical theories.To account for gradient temperature fields,a micro-element integration algorithm discretizes the propagation path into segments,each associated with a locally computed temperature from the steady-state heat conduction solution.Defect positions are dynamically corrected through cumulative displacement along the propagation path.By integrating heat conduction and elastic wave propagation in a multiphysics framework,this method overcomes the limitations of uniform-temperature assumptions.The micro-element integration approach enables dynamic tracking of spatially varying sound velocities,offering a robust strategy to enhance ultrasonic testing accuracy in high-temperature industrial environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42422705,42207175,42177117 and 42577170)the Ningbo Youth Leading Talent Project (No.2024QL051)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Engineering Science and Technology Strategy Consulting Project (No.2025-XZ-57)the Central Government Funding Program for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development (No.2025ZY01028)。
文摘Rock mass stability is significantly influenced by the heterogeneity of rock joint roughness and shear strength.While modern technology facilitates assessing roughness heterogeneity,evaluating shear strength heterogeneity remains challenging.To address this,this study first captures the morphology of large-scale(1000 mm × 1000 mm) slate and granite joints via 3D laser scanning.Analysis of these surfaces and corresponding push/pull tests on carved specimens revealed a potential correlation between the heterogeneity of roughness and shear strength.A comparative evaluation of five statistical metrics identified information entropy(Hs) as the most robust indicator for quantifying rock joint heterogeneity.Further analysis using Hsreveals that the heterogeneity is anisotropic and,critically,that shear strength heterogeneity is governed not only by roughness heterogeneity but is also significantly influenced by the mean roughness value,normal stress,and intact rock tensile strength.Consequently,a simple comparison of roughness Hsvalues is insufficient for reliably comparing shear strength heterogeneity.To overcome this limitation,a theoretical framework is developed to explicitly map fundamental roughness statistics(mean and heterogeneity) to shear strength heterogeneity.This framework culminates in a practical workflow that allows for the rapid,field-based assessment of shear strength heterogeneity using readily obtainable rock joint roughness data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
文摘Test case prioritization and ranking play a crucial role in software testing by improving fault detection efficiency and ensuring software reliability.While prioritization selects the most relevant test cases for optimal coverage,ranking further refines their execution order to detect critical faults earlier.This study investigates machine learning techniques to enhance both prioritization and ranking,contributing to more effective and efficient testing processes.We first employ advanced feature engineering alongside ensemble models,including Gradient Boosted,Support Vector Machines,Random Forests,and Naive Bayes classifiers to optimize test case prioritization,achieving an accuracy score of 0.98847 and significantly improving the Average Percentage of Fault Detection(APFD).Subsequently,we introduce a deep Q-learning framework combined with a Genetic Algorithm(GA)to refine test case ranking within priority levels.This approach achieves a rank accuracy of 0.9172,demonstrating robust performance despite the increasing computational demands of specialized variation operators.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of stacked ensemble learning and reinforcement learning in optimizing test case prioritization and ranking.This integrated approach improves testing efficiency,reduces late-stage defects,and improves overall software stability.The study provides valuable information for AI-driven testing frameworks,paving the way for more intelligent and adaptive software quality assurance methodologies.
基金Computer Basic Education Teaching Research Project of Association of Fundamental Computing Education in Chinese Universities(Nos.2025-AFCEC-527 and 2024-AFCEC-088)Research on the Reform of Public Course Teaching at Nantong College of Science and Technology(No.2024JGG015).
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence,the intelligence level of software is increasingly improving.Intelligent software,which is widely applied in crucial fields such as autonomous driving,intelligent customer service,and medical diagnosis,is constructed based on complex technologies like machine learning and deep learning.Its uncertain behavior and data dependence pose unprecedented challenges to software testing.However,existing software testing courses mainly focus on conventional contents and are unable to meet the requirements of intelligent software testing.Therefore,this work deeply analyzed the relevant technologies of intelligent software testing,including reliability evaluation indicator system,neuron coverage,and test case generation.It also systematically designed an intelligent software testing course,covering teaching objectives,teaching content,teaching methods,and a teaching case.Verified by the practical teaching in four classes,this course has achieved remarkable results,providing practical experience for the reform of software testing courses.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology,Beijing(Grant No.SKLGDUEK2120)。
文摘The deformation characteristics and thermal response of anchor rods are crucial for ensuring the stability and safety of surrounding rock support structures.However,existing research has predominantly concentrated on the mechanical performance of anchor rods,with limited attention to the coupled evolution of strain and temperature fields during tensile deformation.This knowledge gap hinders a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic mechanical-thermal response mechanisms in anchor rods under loading conditions.To address this limitation,the present study systematically investigated the evolution of strain and temperature fields,along with their correlation,during the test of micro-negative Poisson's ratio(NPR)and ordinary Poisson's ratio(PR)anchor rods.Digital image correlation(DIC)and infrared thermography(IRT)techniques were employed for this exploration.The uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at two different rates,and the ordinary PR anchor rod(Q235 anchor rod)was established as a control group for comparative analysis.The findings reveal that the micro-NPR anchor rod exhibit strain localization at multiple locations during the tensile process,whereas Q235 anchors show local strain concentration in only one region.The standard deviation evolution curves for both the strain and temperature field exhibit two distinct phases in the two anchor rods.The evolution patterns between these two types of curves are basically consistent.The two standard deviation curves for the micro-NPR anchor rod display a wavy increase in the second phase,while for the Q235 anchor rod,they increase steadily until the specimen is damaged.The correlation analysis reveals that the standard deviations of strain and temperature differences for both types of anchor rods are significantly correlated.These findings demonstrate the synergistic evolution mechanism of deformation and thermal response,providing a potential foundation for utilizing thermal monitoring to assess the stability of rock support structures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611100,2023YFA1406100,and 2018YFA0704201)the Systematic Fundamental Research Program Leveraging Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.JZHKYPT-2021-08)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704385,11874359,and 12274444)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)。
文摘Temperature-dependent resistivity,upper critical field H_(c2)and its anisotropy in overdoped superconducting Ba_(1-x)K_x Fe_2As_2(x=0.6-1)single crystals have been measured in steady magnetic fields up to 44 T and low temperatures down to 0.4 K.Analysis using both the quadratic term and power-law fitting demonstrates that the in-plane resistivityρ_(ab)(T)progressively approaches the Fermi-liquid T~2behavior with increasing K doping and reaches a saturation plateau at x≈0.8.The temperature dependence of both H_(c2)^(ab)and H^(c)_(c2)follows the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg model,incorporating orbital and spin paramagnetic effects.For x≤0.8,the orbital effect dominates for H ab,while the Pauli paramagnetic effect prevails for H c.For x>0.8,the Pauli paramagnetic effect becomes dominant in both crystallographic directions.The anisotropy of H_(c2)(0)exhibits a discontinuity in its dependence on K doping concentration with a significant enhancement at x=0.8 and a maximum at x=0.9.These experimental results indicate that the electron correlation effect is enhanced in the heavily overdoped Ba_(1-x)K_(x)Fe_(2)As_(2)system where the underlying symmetries are broken due to the Fermi surface reconstruction before x=0.9.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2433214)。
文摘Shenzhen,a major city in southern China,has experienced rapid advancements in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)technology,resulting in extensive logistics networks with thousands of daily flights.However,frequent disruptions due to its subtropical monsoon climate,including typhoons and gusty winds,present ongoing challenges.Despite the growing focus on operational costs and third-party risks,research on low-altitude urban wind fields remains scarce.This study addresses this gap by integrating wind field analysis into UAV path planning,introducing key innovations to the classical model.First,UAV wind resistance and turbulence constraints are analyzed,mapping high-wind-speed and turbulence-prone zones in the airspace.Second,wind dynamics are incorporated into path planning by considering airspeed and groundspeed variation,optimizing waypoint selection and flight speed adjustments to improve overall energy efficiency.Additionally,a wind-aware Theta*algorithm is proposed,leveraging wind vectors to expedite search process,while Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)techniques are employed to calculate wind fields.A case study of Shenzhen,examining wind patterns over the past decade,demonstrates a 6.23%improvement in groundspeed and a 7.69%reduction in energy consumption compared to wind-agnostic models.This framework advances UAV logistics by enhancing route safety and energy efficiency,contributing to more cost-effective operations.
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security,Ministry of Education of China(KLCS20240211)。
文摘With the rapid development of Internet technology,REST APIs(Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces)have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures,raising increasing concerns about their security.Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation,which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness,and OpenAPIbased approaches,which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints,parameters,or data formats.To address these issues,this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework.It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions to trigger APIs,capturing and extracting parameter information from communication packets.A multi-endpoint parameter adaptation method based on improved Jaccard similarity is then used to generalize these parameters to other potential API endpoints,filling in gaps in OpenAPI specifications.Experimental results demonstrate that the extracted parameters can be generalized with 79.61%accuracy.Fuzz testing using the enriched OpenAPI documents leads to improvements in test coverage,the number of valid test cases generated,and fault detection capabilities.This approach offers an effective enhancement to automated REST API security testing.
基金supported in part by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan under the contract numbers NSTC 114-2221-E-019-055-MY2 and NSTC 114-2221-E-019-069.
文摘Cloud services,favored by many enterprises due to their high flexibility and easy operation,are widely used for data storage and processing.However,the high latency,together with transmission overheads of the cloud architecture,makes it difficult to quickly respond to the demands of IoT applications and local computation.To make up for these deficiencies in the cloud,fog computing has emerged as a critical role in the IoT applications.It decentralizes the computing power to various lower nodes close to data sources,so as to achieve the goal of low latency and distributed processing.With the data being frequently exchanged and shared between multiple nodes,it becomes a challenge to authorize data securely and efficiently while protecting user privacy.To address this challenge,proxy re-encryption(PRE)schemes provide a feasible way allowing an intermediary proxy node to re-encrypt ciphertext designated for different authorized data requesters without compromising any plaintext information.Since the proxy is viewed as a semi-trusted party,it should be taken to prevent malicious behaviors and reduce the risk of data leakage when implementing PRE schemes.This paper proposes a new fog-assisted identity-based PRE scheme supporting anonymous key generation,equality test,and user revocation to fulfill various IoT application requirements.Specifically,in a traditional identity-based public key architecture,the key escrow problem and the necessity of a secure channel are major security concerns.We utilize an anonymous key generation technique to solve these problems.The equality test functionality further enables a cloud server to inspect whether two candidate trapdoors contain an identical keyword.In particular,the proposed scheme realizes fine-grained user-level authorization while maintaining strong key confidentiality.To revoke an invalid user identity,we add a revocation list to the system flows to restrict access privileges without increasing additional computation cost.To ensure security,it is shown that our system meets the security notion of IND-PrID-CCA and OW-ID-CCA under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman(DBDH)assumption.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘A solenoid is typically used in normally conducting and superconducting radio frequency(SRF)photoinjectors to compensate for the projected transverse beam emittance.In the ELBE SRF Gun-Ⅱ,a superconducting solenoid is positioned inside the gun cryomodule approximately 0.7 m from the end of the gun cavity.The spherical aberration and multipole field effects caused by offset and tilt limit the reduction in beam emittance for high bunch charges.We designed a novel superconducting(SC)solenoid with a lower spherical aberration coefficient.In the simulation,the beam emittance from the spherical aberration decreased by 47%.Both the longitudinal and transverse fields were measured and analyzed using the formalism fitting method to assess the performance of the SC solenoid within the cryomodule and its influence on the beam transverse emittance.
基金Supported by The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University(No.KYQD20220304)The Fifth Batch of Provincial Ten Thousand Personnel Program Outstanding Talents Funding(No.474092204)+1 种基金Innovative Talents and Teams(2024)-The Fifth Batch of Funding Funds for Scientific and Technological Innovation Leading Talents Under the Provincial Ten Thousand Personnel Program(No.4240924003G)The Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2022C03112).
文摘AIM:To identify early biomarkers associated with glaucomatous visual field(VF)progression in patients with normal-tension glaucoma(NTG).METHODS:This study included patients were divided into two groups based on disease progression status.Tear samples were collected for proteomic analysis.Dataindependent acquisition(DIA)mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatic analyses was performed to identify and validate potential protein biomarkers for NTG progression.Additionally,differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were evaluated using mediating effect models and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS:A total of 19 patients(20 eyes)with NTG participated in this study,including 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;10 eyes)in the progression group with mean age of 67.70±9.03y and 10 patients(4 males and 6 females;10 eyes)in the non-progression group with mean age of 68.60±7.58y.A total of 158 significantly differentially expressed proteins were detected.UniProt database annotation identified 3 upregulated proteins and 12 downregulated proteins.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that these DEPs were mainly enriched in pathways such as oocyte meiosis.Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed functional clusters related to cellular processes.Weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)indicated that the core proteins were primarily involved in the neurodegenerationmultiple diseases pathway and cellular processes.Mediating effect analysis identified PRDX4(L)as a potential protein biomarker.ROC curve analysis showed that GNAI1 had the largest area under the curve(AUC=0.889).CONCLUSION:This study identifies 15 differentially expressed proteins in the tear fluid of NTG patients,including PRDX4(L).PRDX4(L)plays a key role in oxidative stress.
基金financially supported by ARC Linkage project(LP210200642)ARC Center of Excellence for Quantum Biotechnology(grant no.CE230100021)+1 种基金National Health and Medical Research Council Investigator Fellowship—(grant no.APP2017499)Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Deep Tissue Imaging Phase 2(grant no.DT12-0000000182).
文摘Lateral flow immunoassays(LFIAs)are low-cost,rapid,and easy to use for pointof-care testing(POCT),but the majority of the available LFIA tests are indicative,rather than quantitative,and their sensitivity in antigen tests are usually limited at the nanogram range,which is primarily due to the passive capillary fluidics through nitrocellulose membranes,often associated with non-specific bindings and high background noise.To overcome this challenge,we report a Beads-on-a-Tip design by replacing nitrocellulose membranes with a pipette tip loaded with magnetic beads.The beads are pre-conjugated with capture antibodies that support a typical sandwich immunoassay.This design enriches the low-abundant antigen proteins and allows an active washing process to significantly reduce non-specific bindings.To further improve the detection sensitivity,we employed upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)as luminescent reporters and SARS-CoV-2 spike(S)antigen as a model analyte to benchmark the performance of this design against our previously reported methods.We found that the key to enhance the immunocomplex formation and signal-to-noise ratio lay in optimizing incubation time and the UCNP-to-bead ratio.We therefore successfully demonstrated that the new method can achieve a very large dynamic range from 500 fg/mL to 10μg/mL,across over 7 digits,and a limit of detection of 706 fg/mL,nearly another order of magnitude lower than the best reported LFIA using UCNPs in COVID-19 spike antigen detection.Our system offers a promising solution for ultra-sensitive and quantitative POCT diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278156)the Guangdong Special Support Program Project(No.2021JC060580)+1 种基金the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST-Doctoral Student Special Plan,the China Scholarship Council Program(No.202406150148)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515011186).
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)are an effective way to remove emerging contaminants(ECs)from water.The catalytic process involving PMS is hindered by the suboptimal electron trans-fer efficiency of current catalysts,the further application of AOPs technology is limited.Here,it is proposed that the interfacial electric field can be controlled by bor(B)-doped FeNC catalysts,which shows significant advantages in the efficient generation,release and participation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the reaction.The super exchange interaction between Fe sites and N and B sites is realized through the directional transfer of electrons in the interfacial electric field,which ensures the high efficiency and stability of the PMS catalytic process.B doping increases the d orbitals distribution at Fermi level,which facilitates enhanced electron transition activity,thereby promoting the effective generation of (1)^O_(2).At the same time,orbital hybridization causes the center of the d band to move to a lower energy level,which not only contributes to the desorption process of (1)^O_(2),but also accelerates its release.In addition,B-doping also improved the adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and shortened the migration distance of ROS,thereby significantly improving the degradation efficiency of ECs.The B-doping strategy outlined offers a novel approach to the development of FeNC catalysts,it lays a theoretical foundation and offers technical insights for the integration of PMS/AOPs technology in the ECs management.
