In a sample of 28 subacute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with severe arm paresis, reduced motor cortex excitability (increased motor thresholds, reduced MEP amplitudes, reduced number of active points)...In a sample of 28 subacute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with severe arm paresis, reduced motor cortex excitability (increased motor thresholds, reduced MEP amplitudes, reduced number of active points) and a reduced conduction velocity in the corticospinal system were found in the affected hemisphere. At the same time motor cortex topology for the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) representation was comparable for the affected and non-affected hemisphere. Considerable arm motor recovery (Fugl-Meyer test) was observed when assessed four weeks later after a period of rehabilitation intervention. Motor cortex excitability and conduction velocity in the corticospinal system improved in the affected hemisphere. In addition, APB representation showed a medial shift in patients with such a representation at pre test (n = 14). Multiple stepwise regression indicated that of all transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters only the medial shift of the motor cortex map predicted motor recovery. Assessing the effect of training time (nonintensified vs. intensified therapy) and type of arm training (Bobath approach vs. Arm BASIS training) with a randomised controlled design revealed that the impairment-oriented Arm BASIS training improved motor control more than the control conditions. In addition, patients of the group receiving the Arm BASIS training with an APB representation at pre test showed a medial shift of the motor cortex map and improved conduction times. In conclusion, changes in motor cortex topology were likely to be relevant for motor recovery and might have been induced by the impairment-oriented training.展开更多
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids that are responsible for the corrosivity of the crude oil with high total acid number(TAN).NAs are difficult to analyze due to their complexity and the l...Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids that are responsible for the corrosivity of the crude oil with high total acid number(TAN).NAs are difficult to analyze due to their complexity and the lack of commercially available NA standards.This paper describes the use of negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) for the analysis of NAs in Liaohe heavy crude oil.FT-ICR MS resolves thousands of species in a single mass spectrum allowing for unambiguous determination of elemental composition.O2 classes (with two O heteroatoms in one molecule) and their carbon number (revealing the extent of alkylation) distribution were detailedly investigated.We find that 2-5 rings NAs is the dominate component of acidic compounds in Liaohe crude oil,espasically with a high abundance of steroid acids and hopanoic acids.Neg-ESI-FTMS is very well suited to the characterization of naphthenic acids within a crude oil sample.Determination of the nature of the naphthenic acids present provides vital information,such as the acids’ sizes and composition.展开更多
语言是人类文化传统和认知方式的最典型表征。从语言的本质特征和人类认知思维的特点出发,可以把"成人讲故事,儿童听故事"的信息交流过程形象地称为Fairy Tale Model(童话模式),将其作为一种具有普遍意义的人类语言信息交换...语言是人类文化传统和认知方式的最典型表征。从语言的本质特征和人类认知思维的特点出发,可以把"成人讲故事,儿童听故事"的信息交流过程形象地称为Fairy Tale Model(童话模式),将其作为一种具有普遍意义的人类语言信息交换模式和认知方式确立下来。本文探讨人类通过童话模式对神的世界的描述,说明建构语言的世界在人类认知的趋同特征,同时也说明这个世界存在于语言中,是语言非工具性特征的代表性表征。展开更多
文摘In a sample of 28 subacute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with severe arm paresis, reduced motor cortex excitability (increased motor thresholds, reduced MEP amplitudes, reduced number of active points) and a reduced conduction velocity in the corticospinal system were found in the affected hemisphere. At the same time motor cortex topology for the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) representation was comparable for the affected and non-affected hemisphere. Considerable arm motor recovery (Fugl-Meyer test) was observed when assessed four weeks later after a period of rehabilitation intervention. Motor cortex excitability and conduction velocity in the corticospinal system improved in the affected hemisphere. In addition, APB representation showed a medial shift in patients with such a representation at pre test (n = 14). Multiple stepwise regression indicated that of all transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters only the medial shift of the motor cortex map predicted motor recovery. Assessing the effect of training time (nonintensified vs. intensified therapy) and type of arm training (Bobath approach vs. Arm BASIS training) with a randomised controlled design revealed that the impairment-oriented Arm BASIS training improved motor control more than the control conditions. In addition, patients of the group receiving the Arm BASIS training with an APB representation at pre test showed a medial shift of the motor cortex map and improved conduction times. In conclusion, changes in motor cortex topology were likely to be relevant for motor recovery and might have been induced by the impairment-oriented training.
文摘Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of carboxylic acids that are responsible for the corrosivity of the crude oil with high total acid number(TAN).NAs are difficult to analyze due to their complexity and the lack of commercially available NA standards.This paper describes the use of negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) for the analysis of NAs in Liaohe heavy crude oil.FT-ICR MS resolves thousands of species in a single mass spectrum allowing for unambiguous determination of elemental composition.O2 classes (with two O heteroatoms in one molecule) and their carbon number (revealing the extent of alkylation) distribution were detailedly investigated.We find that 2-5 rings NAs is the dominate component of acidic compounds in Liaohe crude oil,espasically with a high abundance of steroid acids and hopanoic acids.Neg-ESI-FTMS is very well suited to the characterization of naphthenic acids within a crude oil sample.Determination of the nature of the naphthenic acids present provides vital information,such as the acids’ sizes and composition.
文摘语言是人类文化传统和认知方式的最典型表征。从语言的本质特征和人类认知思维的特点出发,可以把"成人讲故事,儿童听故事"的信息交流过程形象地称为Fairy Tale Model(童话模式),将其作为一种具有普遍意义的人类语言信息交换模式和认知方式确立下来。本文探讨人类通过童话模式对神的世界的描述,说明建构语言的世界在人类认知的趋同特征,同时也说明这个世界存在于语言中,是语言非工具性特征的代表性表征。
