Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of L...Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.展开更多
Microneedle(MN)is a medical device containing an array of needles with a micrometer-scale.It can penetrate the human stratum corneum painlessly and efficiently for treatment and diagnosis purposes.Currently,the materi...Microneedle(MN)is a medical device containing an array of needles with a micrometer-scale.It can penetrate the human stratum corneum painlessly and efficiently for treatment and diagnosis purposes.Currently,the materials commonly used to manufacture MNs include silicon,polymers,ceramics and metals.Metallic MNs(MMNs)have drawn significant attention owing to its superior mechanical properties,machinability,and biocompatibility.This paper is a state-of-the-art review of the structure,fabrication technologies,and applications of MMNs.According to the relative position of the axis of MN and the plane of the substrate,MMNs can be divided into in-plane and out-of-plane.Solid,hollow,coated and porous MMNs are also employed to characterize their internal and surface structures.Until now,numerous fabrication technologies,including cutting tool machining,non-traditional machining,etching,hot-forming,and additive manufacturing,have been used to fabricate MMNs.The recent advances in the application of MMNs in drug delivery,disease diagnosis,and cosmetology are also discussed in-depth.Finally,the shortcomings in the fabrication and application of MMNs and future directions for development are highlighted.展开更多
Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the e...Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the essential prerequisites for their successful clinical translation.Subsequently,a detailed review of magnesium-based materials is presented from five critical areas of alloying,fabrication techniques,purification,surface modification,and structural design,systematically addressing their progress in biodegradation rate retardation,mechanical reinforcement,and biocompatibility enhancement.Furthermore,recent breakthroughs in vivo animal experiments and clinical translation of magnesium alloys are summarized.Finally,this review concludes with a critical assessment of the achievements and challenges encountered in the clinical application of these materials,and proposes practical strategies to address current limitations and guide future research perspectives.展开更多
Recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have proven to be indispensable for processing sequential and temporal data,with extensive applications in language modeling,text generation,machine translation,and time-series forecasti...Recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have proven to be indispensable for processing sequential and temporal data,with extensive applications in language modeling,text generation,machine translation,and time-series forecasting.Despite their versatility,RNNs are frequently beset by significant training expenses and slow convergence times,which impinge upon their deployment in edge AI applications.Reservoir computing(RC),a specialized RNN variant,is attracting increased attention as a cost-effective alternative for processing temporal and sequential data at the edge.RC’s distinctive advantage stems from its compatibility with emerging memristive hardware,which leverages the energy efficiency and reduced footprint of analog in-memory and in-sensor computing,offering a streamlined and energy-efficient solution.This review offers a comprehensive explanation of RC’s underlying principles,fabrication processes,and surveys recent progress in nano-memristive device based RC systems from the viewpoints of in-memory and in-sensor RC function.It covers a spectrum of memristive device,from established oxide-based memristive device to cutting-edge material science developments,providing readers with a lucid understanding of RC’s hardware implementation and fostering innovative designs for in-sensor RC systems.Lastly,we identify prevailing challenges and suggest viable solutions,paving the way for future advancements in in-sensor RC technology.展开更多
This study pioneers the integrated fabrication of magnesium corrugated-core sandwich structures using wire-arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED).Two sandwich structures—V-type and X-type—were designed with optimize...This study pioneers the integrated fabrication of magnesium corrugated-core sandwich structures using wire-arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED).Two sandwich structures—V-type and X-type—were designed with optimized deposition paths to achieve comparable grain morphology while enhancing strength.The compression properties and failure modes of the two corrugated-core sandwich structures were examined through quasi-static compression tests.Results showed that the V-type structure exhibited a higher specific compressive strength(93 MPa∙cm^(3)/g)than the X-type structure(72 MPa∙cm^(3)/g).Both finite element analysis and experimental compression tests indicated that failure occurred at the midsection of the corrugated core.This work offers valuable insights for the efficient fabrication of high-strength corrugated-core sandwich structures.展开更多
Iron-based metal matrix composites(IMMCs)have attracted significant research attention due to their high specific stiffness and strength,making them potentially suitable for various engineering applications.Microstruc...Iron-based metal matrix composites(IMMCs)have attracted significant research attention due to their high specific stiffness and strength,making them potentially suitable for various engineering applications.Microstructural design,including the selection of reinforcement and matrix phases,the reinforcement volume fraction,and the interface issues are essential factors determining the engineering performance of IMMCs.A variety of fabrication methods have been developed to manufacture IMMCs in recent years.This paper reviews the recent advances and development of IMMCs with particular focus on microstructure design,fabrication methods,and their engineering performance.The microstructure design issues of IMMC are firstly discussed,including the reinforcement and matrix phase selection criteria,interface geometry and characteristics,and the bonding mechanism.The fabrication methods,including liquid state,solid state,and gas-mixing processing are comprehensively reviewed and compared.The engineering performance of IMMCs in terms of elastic modulus,hardness and wear resistance,tensile and fracture behavior is reviewed.Finally,the current challenges of the IMMCs are highlighted,followed by the discussion and outlook of the future research directions of IMMCs.展开更多
Spray-drying is a widely used industrial technique to achieve the scale-up fabrication of functional powders.In this work,we report the spray-drying fabrication of perovskite quantum dot(PQD)microspheres from a precur...Spray-drying is a widely used industrial technique to achieve the scale-up fabrication of functional powders.In this work,we report the spray-drying fabrication of perovskite quantum dot(PQD)microspheres from a precursor solution at a scale of 2000 kg·a^(−1).The obtained PQDs are embedded in polymer microspheres,resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield and enhanced stability.By controlling the precursor concentration,the average size of the polymer microspheres can be tuned from 40.97 to 0.44μm.The as-prepared PQD-embedded polymer microspheres are mixed with ultraviolet adhesive to fabricate PQD-enhanced optical films for liquid crystal display(LCD)backlights.These films exhibit long-term operational stability under heat,humidity,and blue light irradiation(remaining at more than 90%initial photoluminescence intensity after a 1000 h aging test at 60℃ with 90%relative humidity and 70℃ with 455 nm 150 W·m^(−2) blue light irradiation).In addition,we demonstrate the use of PQD-embedded polymer microspheres as patterned color converters for micro light-emitting diode applications.Overall,this work demonstrates the scale-up fabrication of PQDs toward industrialization in display technology.展开更多
Lithium metal,with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity,emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.Nevertheless,the practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)...Lithium metal,with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity,emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.Nevertheless,the practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is constrained by issues such as lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency(CE).Herein,a roll-to-roll approach is adopted to prepare meter-scale,lithiophilic Sn-modified Cu mesh(Sn@Cu mesh)as the current collector for long-cycle lithium metal batteries.The two-dimensional(2D)nucleation mechanism on Sn@Cu mesh electrodes promotes a uniform Li flux,facilitating the deposition of Li metal in a large granular morphology.Simultaneously,experimental and computational analyses revealed that the distribution of the electric field in the Cu mesh skeleton induces Li inward growth,thereby generating a uniform,dense composite Li anode.Moreover,the Sn@Cu mesh-Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 2000 h with an ultra-low 10 mV voltage polarization.In Li||Cu half-cells,the Sn@Cu mesh electrode demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at a high areal capacity of 5 mAh·cm^(-2),achieving a CE of 99.2%.This study introduces a simple and large-scale approach for the production of lithiophilic three-dimensional(3D)current collectors,providing more possibilities for the scalable application of Li metal batteries.展开更多
Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(T...Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals.In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural design.Among them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material.In this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices.Moreover,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques.Subsequently,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented.Finally,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted.Through this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.展开更多
In tissue engineering(TE),tissue-inducing scaffolds are a promising solution for organ and tissue repair owing to their ability to attract stem cells in vivo,thereby inducing endogenous tissue regeneration through top...In tissue engineering(TE),tissue-inducing scaffolds are a promising solution for organ and tissue repair owing to their ability to attract stem cells in vivo,thereby inducing endogenous tissue regeneration through topological cues.An ideal TE scaffold should possess biomimetic cross-scale structures,similar to that of natural extracellular matrices,at the nano-to macro-scale level.Although freeform fabrication of TE scaffolds can be achieved through 3D printing,this method is limited in simultaneously building multiscale structures.To address this challenge,low-temperature fields were adopted in the traditional fabrication processes,such as casting and 3D printing.Ice crystals grow during scaffold fabrication and act as a template to control the nano-and micro-structures.These microstructures can be optimized by adjusting various parameters,such as the direction and magnitude of the low-temperature field.By preserving the macro-features fabricated using traditional methods,additional micro-structures with smaller scales can be incorporated simultaneously,realizing cross-scale structures that provide a better mimic of natural organs and tissues.In this paper,we present a state-of-the-art review of three low-temperature-field-assisted fabrication methods—freeze casting,cryogenic3D printing,and freeze spinning.Fundamental working principles,fabrication setups,processes,and examples of biomedical applications are introduced.The challenges and outlook for low-temperature-assisted fabrication are also discussed.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)moiré superlattices have attracted significant attention due to their novel physical properties and quantum phenomena.The realization of these fascinating properties,however h...Two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)moiré superlattices have attracted significant attention due to their novel physical properties and quantum phenomena.The realization of these fascinating properties,however heavily depends on the quality of the measured moiré superlattices,emphasizing the importance of advanced fabrication techniques.This review provides an in-depth discussion of the methods for fabricating moiré superlattices.It begins with a brief overview of the structure,properties,and potential applications of moiré superlattices,followed by a detailed examination of fabrication techniques,focuses on different kinds of transfer techniques and growth methods,particularly chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.Finally,it addresses current challenges in fabricating high-quality moiré superlattices and discusses potential directions for future advancements in this field.This review will enhance the understanding of moiré superlattice fabrication and contributing to the continued development of 2D twistronics.展开更多
Micro/nano hierarchical structures could endow materials with various surface functions.However,the multilayer and multiscale characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical structures bring difficulties for their one step...Micro/nano hierarchical structures could endow materials with various surface functions.However,the multilayer and multiscale characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical structures bring difficulties for their one step and controllable fabrication.Accordingly,based on tip-based fabrication techniques,this study proposed a micro-amplitude vibration-assisted scratching method by introducing a periodic backward displacement into the conventional scratching process,which enabled the synchronous creation of the microscale V-groove and nanoscale ripples,i.e.a typical micro/nano hierarchical structure.The experiments and finite element modeling were employed to explore the formation process and mechanism of the micro/nano hierarchical structures.Being different from conventional cutting,this method was mainly based on the plow mechanism,and it could accurately replicate the shape of the indenter on the material surface.The microscale V-groove was formed due to the scratching action,and the nanoscale ripple was formed due to the extrusion action of the indenter on the microscale V-groove’s surface.Furthermore,the relationships between the processing parameters and the dimensions of the micro/nano hierarchical structures were established through experiments,and optimized processing parameters were determined to achieve regular micro/nano hierarchical structures.By this method,complex patterns constructed by various micro/nano hierarchical structures were fabricated on both flat and curved surfaces,achieving diverse surface structural colors.展开更多
In the fabrication of Bi nanowire array thermoelectric materials,electrodeposition technology has been used to deposit bismuth into the nanopores of anodic alumina porous films.The experiments show that the temperatur...In the fabrication of Bi nanowire array thermoelectric materials,electrodeposition technology has been used to deposit bismuth into the nanopores of anodic alumina porous films.The experiments show that the temperature significantly affects the electrodepositing process,and the simple form of Bi 3+ in the solutions is helpful to the deposition of metal Bi.The pulse plating technique is necessary for the electrodeposition because of the diffusive difficulty of Bi 3+ into the nanopores of the films.The XRD analysis indicates that Bi nanowire arrays have been manufactured by this technology.展开更多
The shortage of freshwater has become a global challenge,exacerbated by global warming and the rapid growth of the world’s population.Researchers across various fields have made numerous attempts to efficiently colle...The shortage of freshwater has become a global challenge,exacerbated by global warming and the rapid growth of the world’s population.Researchers across various fields have made numerous attempts to efficiently collect freshwater for human use.These efforts include seawater desalination through reverse osmosis or distillation,sewage treatment technologies,and atmospheric water harvesting.However,after thoroughly exploring traditional freshwater harvesting methods,it has become clear that bio-inspired fog harvesting technology offers new prospects due to its unique advantages of efficiency and sustainability.This paper systematically introduces the current principles of fog harvesting and wettability mechanism found in nature.It reviews the research status of combining bionic fog harvesting materials with textile science from two distinct dimensions.Additionally,it describes the practical applications of fog harvesting materials in agriculture,industry,and domestic water use,analyzes their prospects and feasibility in engineering projects,discusses potential challenges in practical applications,and envisions future trends and directions for the development of these materials.展开更多
Functional superhydrophobic coatings have attracted considerable attention because of their potential for a wide range of applications.In this study,a novel cyclotetrasiloxane-based hybrid superhydrophobic modifier(F-...Functional superhydrophobic coatings have attracted considerable attention because of their potential for a wide range of applications.In this study,a novel cyclotetrasiloxane-based hybrid superhydrophobic modifier(F-D_(4))was prepared for the first time using a mild thiolene click reaction of 2,4,6,8-tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane(Vi-D_(4))with perfluorohexylethanethiol(PFOT)and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane(MPTMS)as the raw materials.Then,F-D_(4) was introduced into the fabric via a sol-gel process,resulting in a superhydrophobic fabric(F-D_(4)-Fabric).The surface characteristics of the modified fabric were determined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and water contact angle(WCA).The coated fabrics have outstanding mechanical,physical,and chemical stability,and exhibit excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties.Owing to its superhydrophobicity,FD_(4)-Fabric could efficiently separate a range of oil/water mixtures with a separation efficiency of up to 99.99%.The study showed that the modification strategy used in the dip-coating process greatly affected the superhydrophobicity of the cotton fabric,which is useful for oil/water separation and self-cleaning applications.展开更多
Linkers were assembled on a glass surface based on the hydrolysis and condensation of 3-glycidoxy￣propyltrimethoxysilane (GPS). After the assembly of GPS, four approaches were tried to open the ending epoxide group o...Linkers were assembled on a glass surface based on the hydrolysis and condensation of 3-glycidoxy￣propyltrimethoxysilane (GPS). After the assembly of GPS, four approaches were tried to open the ending epoxide group of GPS or to further elongate the linkers. The effect of these approaches on DNA in situ synthesis and hybridization was investigated. For the spacing of the synthesis initiation sites, the wettability of the support and the length of the linking group that attaches the initiation site to the surface have direct influences on the yield of coupling reactions and the subsequent hybridization events. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mean contact angles of deionized water of the above slides were measured to assess the linker's characteristics in each procedure. It was proved that the glass slides were successfully modified and became excellent supports for the oligonucleotides synthesis. In addition, it proved best for the in situ oligonucleotides synthesis that a glass slide was in turn treated with ethylenediamine, glutaradehyde, ethanolamine and sodium borohydride solution at ambient temperature after silanized with GPS.展开更多
There is an urgent need for novel processes that can integrate different functional nanostructures onto specific substrates,so as to meet the fast-growing need for broad applications in nanoelectronics,nanophotonics,a...There is an urgent need for novel processes that can integrate different functional nanostructures onto specific substrates,so as to meet the fast-growing need for broad applications in nanoelectronics,nanophotonics,and fexible optoelectronics.Existing direct-lithography methods are difficult to use on fexible,nonplanar,and biocompatible surfaces.Therefore,this fabrication is usually accomplished by nanotransfer printing.However,large-scale integration of multiscale nanostructures with unconventional substrates remains challenging because fabrication yields and quality are often limited by the resolution,uniformity,adhesivity,and integrity of the nanostructures formed by direct transfer.Here,we proposed a resist-based transfer strategy enabled by near-zero adhesion,which was achieved by molecular modification to attain a critical surface energy interval.This approach enabled the intact transfer of wafer-scale,ultrathin-resist nanofilms onto arbitrary substrates with mitigated cracking and wrinkling,thereby facilitating the in situ fabrication of nanostructures for functional devices.Applying this approach,fabrication of three-dimensional-stacked multilayer structures with enhanced functionalities,nanoplasmonic structures with~10 nm resolution,and MoS2-based devices with excellent performance was demonstrated on specific substrates.These results collectively demonstrated the high stability,reliability,and throughput of our strategy for optical and electronic device applications.展开更多
Sub-wavelength nanostructure lattices provide versatile platforms for light control and the basis for various novel phenomena and applications in physics, material science, chemistry, biology,and energy. The thriving ...Sub-wavelength nanostructure lattices provide versatile platforms for light control and the basis for various novel phenomena and applications in physics, material science, chemistry, biology,and energy. The thriving study of nanostructure lattices is building on the remarkable progress of nanofabrication techniques, especially for the possibility of fabricating larger-area patterns while achieving higher-quality lattices, complex shapes, and hybrid materials units. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of techniques for large-area fabrication of optical nanostructure arrays, encompassing direct writing, self-assembly, controllable deposition, and nanoimprint/print methods. Furthermore, a particular focus is made on the recent improvement of unit accuracy and diversity, leading to integrated and multifunctional structures for devices and applications.展开更多
High-voltage nMOS devices are fabricated successfully and the key technology parameters of the process are optimized by TCAD software. Experiment results show that the device＇s breakdown voltage is 114V, the threshol...High-voltage nMOS devices are fabricated successfully and the key technology parameters of the process are optimized by TCAD software. Experiment results show that the device＇s breakdown voltage is 114V, the threshold voltage and maximum driven ability are 1.02V and 7.5mA（W/L = 50）, respectively. Experimental results and simulation ones are compared carefully and a way to improve the breakdown performance is proposed.展开更多
The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase co...The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase constitution, porosity, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness and evolution of substrate temperature. Results showed that the samples produced in air atmosphere condition pos-sessed higher tensile strength and hardness for both as-deposited and heat-treated states than that in Ar chamber condition, due to dispersion strengthening effect of amorphous oxide particles and nitrogen solution strengthening as a result of higher content of oxygen and nitrogen. The temperature of substrate heat accumulation was higher in Ar chamber condition, leading to dramatically lower porosity and more reverse austenite, which also contributed to the lower strength and hardness.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan Program of China(No.2021YFB3400800)Henan Key Research and Development Program(No.231111241000)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810026)Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Program(No.224400510025).
文摘Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Key-Area Research and Development Program(Grant No.2023B0101200014)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515010440).
文摘Microneedle(MN)is a medical device containing an array of needles with a micrometer-scale.It can penetrate the human stratum corneum painlessly and efficiently for treatment and diagnosis purposes.Currently,the materials commonly used to manufacture MNs include silicon,polymers,ceramics and metals.Metallic MNs(MMNs)have drawn significant attention owing to its superior mechanical properties,machinability,and biocompatibility.This paper is a state-of-the-art review of the structure,fabrication technologies,and applications of MMNs.According to the relative position of the axis of MN and the plane of the substrate,MMNs can be divided into in-plane and out-of-plane.Solid,hollow,coated and porous MMNs are also employed to characterize their internal and surface structures.Until now,numerous fabrication technologies,including cutting tool machining,non-traditional machining,etching,hot-forming,and additive manufacturing,have been used to fabricate MMNs.The recent advances in the application of MMNs in drug delivery,disease diagnosis,and cosmetology are also discussed in-depth.Finally,the shortcomings in the fabrication and application of MMNs and future directions for development are highlighted.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A0505040016 and 2023A0505050148)National Key Research and Development Project of China(2023YFB3809900/2023YFB3809902)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515010026)。
文摘Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the essential prerequisites for their successful clinical translation.Subsequently,a detailed review of magnesium-based materials is presented from five critical areas of alloying,fabrication techniques,purification,surface modification,and structural design,systematically addressing their progress in biodegradation rate retardation,mechanical reinforcement,and biocompatibility enhancement.Furthermore,recent breakthroughs in vivo animal experiments and clinical translation of magnesium alloys are summarized.Finally,this review concludes with a critical assessment of the achievements and challenges encountered in the clinical application of these materials,and proposes practical strategies to address current limitations and guide future research perspectives.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405600)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z210006)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China—Young Scientists Fund(Grant No.12104051,62122004)Hong Kong Research Grant Council(Grant Nos.27206321,17205922,17212923 and C1009-22GF)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(SGDX20220530111405040)partially supported by ACCESS—AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart Systems,sponsored by Innovation and Technology Fund(ITF),Hong Kong SAR。
文摘Recurrent neural networks(RNNs)have proven to be indispensable for processing sequential and temporal data,with extensive applications in language modeling,text generation,machine translation,and time-series forecasting.Despite their versatility,RNNs are frequently beset by significant training expenses and slow convergence times,which impinge upon their deployment in edge AI applications.Reservoir computing(RC),a specialized RNN variant,is attracting increased attention as a cost-effective alternative for processing temporal and sequential data at the edge.RC’s distinctive advantage stems from its compatibility with emerging memristive hardware,which leverages the energy efficiency and reduced footprint of analog in-memory and in-sensor computing,offering a streamlined and energy-efficient solution.This review offers a comprehensive explanation of RC’s underlying principles,fabrication processes,and surveys recent progress in nano-memristive device based RC systems from the viewpoints of in-memory and in-sensor RC function.It covers a spectrum of memristive device,from established oxide-based memristive device to cutting-edge material science developments,providing readers with a lucid understanding of RC’s hardware implementation and fostering innovative designs for in-sensor RC systems.Lastly,we identify prevailing challenges and suggest viable solutions,paving the way for future advancements in in-sensor RC technology.
基金supported by JCKY Project(Grant No.JCKY2023602B012).
文摘This study pioneers the integrated fabrication of magnesium corrugated-core sandwich structures using wire-arc directed energy deposition(WA-DED).Two sandwich structures—V-type and X-type—were designed with optimized deposition paths to achieve comparable grain morphology while enhancing strength.The compression properties and failure modes of the two corrugated-core sandwich structures were examined through quasi-static compression tests.Results showed that the V-type structure exhibited a higher specific compressive strength(93 MPa∙cm^(3)/g)than the X-type structure(72 MPa∙cm^(3)/g).Both finite element analysis and experimental compression tests indicated that failure occurred at the midsection of the corrugated core.This work offers valuable insights for the efficient fabrication of high-strength corrugated-core sandwich structures.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52101046)Shuangjie Chu appreciates the funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3705600).
文摘Iron-based metal matrix composites(IMMCs)have attracted significant research attention due to their high specific stiffness and strength,making them potentially suitable for various engineering applications.Microstructural design,including the selection of reinforcement and matrix phases,the reinforcement volume fraction,and the interface issues are essential factors determining the engineering performance of IMMCs.A variety of fabrication methods have been developed to manufacture IMMCs in recent years.This paper reviews the recent advances and development of IMMCs with particular focus on microstructure design,fabrication methods,and their engineering performance.The microstructure design issues of IMMC are firstly discussed,including the reinforcement and matrix phase selection criteria,interface geometry and characteristics,and the bonding mechanism.The fabrication methods,including liquid state,solid state,and gas-mixing processing are comprehensively reviewed and compared.The engineering performance of IMMCs in terms of elastic modulus,hardness and wear resistance,tensile and fracture behavior is reviewed.Finally,the current challenges of the IMMCs are highlighted,followed by the discussion and outlook of the future research directions of IMMCs.
基金supported by the Hefei Innovation Research Institute of Beihang University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203321)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant(2022M710289)the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Hefei.
文摘Spray-drying is a widely used industrial technique to achieve the scale-up fabrication of functional powders.In this work,we report the spray-drying fabrication of perovskite quantum dot(PQD)microspheres from a precursor solution at a scale of 2000 kg·a^(−1).The obtained PQDs are embedded in polymer microspheres,resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield and enhanced stability.By controlling the precursor concentration,the average size of the polymer microspheres can be tuned from 40.97 to 0.44μm.The as-prepared PQD-embedded polymer microspheres are mixed with ultraviolet adhesive to fabricate PQD-enhanced optical films for liquid crystal display(LCD)backlights.These films exhibit long-term operational stability under heat,humidity,and blue light irradiation(remaining at more than 90%initial photoluminescence intensity after a 1000 h aging test at 60℃ with 90%relative humidity and 70℃ with 455 nm 150 W·m^(−2) blue light irradiation).In addition,we demonstrate the use of PQD-embedded polymer microspheres as patterned color converters for micro light-emitting diode applications.Overall,this work demonstrates the scale-up fabrication of PQDs toward industrialization in display technology.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China(No.2023BAB108)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(No.2022CFB096)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22279093 and 22075216)。
文摘Lithium metal,with its exceptionally high theoretical capacity,emerges as the optimal anode choice for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries.Nevertheless,the practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is constrained by issues such as lithium dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency(CE).Herein,a roll-to-roll approach is adopted to prepare meter-scale,lithiophilic Sn-modified Cu mesh(Sn@Cu mesh)as the current collector for long-cycle lithium metal batteries.The two-dimensional(2D)nucleation mechanism on Sn@Cu mesh electrodes promotes a uniform Li flux,facilitating the deposition of Li metal in a large granular morphology.Simultaneously,experimental and computational analyses revealed that the distribution of the electric field in the Cu mesh skeleton induces Li inward growth,thereby generating a uniform,dense composite Li anode.Moreover,the Sn@Cu mesh-Li symmetrical cell demonstrates stable cycling for over 2000 h with an ultra-low 10 mV voltage polarization.In Li||Cu half-cells,the Sn@Cu mesh electrode demonstrates stable cycling for 100 cycles at a high areal capacity of 5 mAh·cm^(-2),achieving a CE of 99.2%.This study introduces a simple and large-scale approach for the production of lithiophilic three-dimensional(3D)current collectors,providing more possibilities for the scalable application of Li metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515010639)PolyU Postdoc Matching Fund Scheme(No.1-W327),PolyU Grant(No.1-CE0H)+3 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.ZDSYS20220606100406016)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(No.ZDSYS20210623092006020)National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment(Shenzhen)(No.868-000003010103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52208272)。
文摘Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals.In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural design.Among them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material.In this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices.Moreover,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques.Subsequently,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented.Finally,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted.Through this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation Council of China(Grant No.52305359)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2023AFB141)National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Dental Materials(PKUSS20240401)。
文摘In tissue engineering(TE),tissue-inducing scaffolds are a promising solution for organ and tissue repair owing to their ability to attract stem cells in vivo,thereby inducing endogenous tissue regeneration through topological cues.An ideal TE scaffold should possess biomimetic cross-scale structures,similar to that of natural extracellular matrices,at the nano-to macro-scale level.Although freeform fabrication of TE scaffolds can be achieved through 3D printing,this method is limited in simultaneously building multiscale structures.To address this challenge,low-temperature fields were adopted in the traditional fabrication processes,such as casting and 3D printing.Ice crystals grow during scaffold fabrication and act as a template to control the nano-and micro-structures.These microstructures can be optimized by adjusting various parameters,such as the direction and magnitude of the low-temperature field.By preserving the macro-features fabricated using traditional methods,additional micro-structures with smaller scales can be incorporated simultaneously,realizing cross-scale structures that provide a better mimic of natural organs and tissues.In this paper,we present a state-of-the-art review of three low-temperature-field-assisted fabrication methods—freeze casting,cryogenic3D printing,and freeze spinning.Fundamental working principles,fabrication setups,processes,and examples of biomedical applications are introduced.The challenges and outlook for low-temperature-assisted fabrication are also discussed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52425203 and 12104218)the the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BK20240008 and BK20241252)+2 种基金the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX2021120)the Xiaomi Foundation,the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20231093)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2023ZB553).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdW)moiré superlattices have attracted significant attention due to their novel physical properties and quantum phenomena.The realization of these fascinating properties,however heavily depends on the quality of the measured moiré superlattices,emphasizing the importance of advanced fabrication techniques.This review provides an in-depth discussion of the methods for fabricating moiré superlattices.It begins with a brief overview of the structure,properties,and potential applications of moiré superlattices,followed by a detailed examination of fabrication techniques,focuses on different kinds of transfer techniques and growth methods,particularly chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.Finally,it addresses current challenges in fabricating high-quality moiré superlattices and discusses potential directions for future advancements in this field.This review will enhance the understanding of moiré superlattice fabrication and contributing to the continued development of 2D twistronics.
基金supported by the Jilin Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(20240302066GX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075221)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023-JCXK-02)。
文摘Micro/nano hierarchical structures could endow materials with various surface functions.However,the multilayer and multiscale characteristics of micro/nano hierarchical structures bring difficulties for their one step and controllable fabrication.Accordingly,based on tip-based fabrication techniques,this study proposed a micro-amplitude vibration-assisted scratching method by introducing a periodic backward displacement into the conventional scratching process,which enabled the synchronous creation of the microscale V-groove and nanoscale ripples,i.e.a typical micro/nano hierarchical structure.The experiments and finite element modeling were employed to explore the formation process and mechanism of the micro/nano hierarchical structures.Being different from conventional cutting,this method was mainly based on the plow mechanism,and it could accurately replicate the shape of the indenter on the material surface.The microscale V-groove was formed due to the scratching action,and the nanoscale ripple was formed due to the extrusion action of the indenter on the microscale V-groove’s surface.Furthermore,the relationships between the processing parameters and the dimensions of the micro/nano hierarchical structures were established through experiments,and optimized processing parameters were determined to achieve regular micro/nano hierarchical structures.By this method,complex patterns constructed by various micro/nano hierarchical structures were fabricated on both flat and curved surfaces,achieving diverse surface structural colors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50 0 71 0 4 0 )
文摘In the fabrication of Bi nanowire array thermoelectric materials,electrodeposition technology has been used to deposit bismuth into the nanopores of anodic alumina porous films.The experiments show that the temperature significantly affects the electrodepositing process,and the simple form of Bi 3+ in the solutions is helpful to the deposition of metal Bi.The pulse plating technique is necessary for the electrodeposition because of the diffusive difficulty of Bi 3+ into the nanopores of the films.The XRD analysis indicates that Bi nanowire arrays have been manufactured by this technology.
基金Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)(2021CXGC011001)Huafon Microfibre(Jiangsu)Co.Ltd.(2021120011000234)+1 种基金Textile Vision Basic Research Program(J202306)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732103).
文摘The shortage of freshwater has become a global challenge,exacerbated by global warming and the rapid growth of the world’s population.Researchers across various fields have made numerous attempts to efficiently collect freshwater for human use.These efforts include seawater desalination through reverse osmosis or distillation,sewage treatment technologies,and atmospheric water harvesting.However,after thoroughly exploring traditional freshwater harvesting methods,it has become clear that bio-inspired fog harvesting technology offers new prospects due to its unique advantages of efficiency and sustainability.This paper systematically introduces the current principles of fog harvesting and wettability mechanism found in nature.It reviews the research status of combining bionic fog harvesting materials with textile science from two distinct dimensions.Additionally,it describes the practical applications of fog harvesting materials in agriculture,industry,and domestic water use,analyzes their prospects and feasibility in engineering projects,discusses potential challenges in practical applications,and envisions future trends and directions for the development of these materials.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0197000)。
文摘Functional superhydrophobic coatings have attracted considerable attention because of their potential for a wide range of applications.In this study,a novel cyclotetrasiloxane-based hybrid superhydrophobic modifier(F-D_(4))was prepared for the first time using a mild thiolene click reaction of 2,4,6,8-tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane(Vi-D_(4))with perfluorohexylethanethiol(PFOT)and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane(MPTMS)as the raw materials.Then,F-D_(4) was introduced into the fabric via a sol-gel process,resulting in a superhydrophobic fabric(F-D_(4)-Fabric).The surface characteristics of the modified fabric were determined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and water contact angle(WCA).The coated fabrics have outstanding mechanical,physical,and chemical stability,and exhibit excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties.Owing to its superhydrophobicity,FD_(4)-Fabric could efficiently separate a range of oil/water mixtures with a separation efficiency of up to 99.99%.The study showed that the modification strategy used in the dip-coating process greatly affected the superhydrophobicity of the cotton fabric,which is useful for oil/water separation and self-cleaning applications.
文摘Linkers were assembled on a glass surface based on the hydrolysis and condensation of 3-glycidoxy￣propyltrimethoxysilane (GPS). After the assembly of GPS, four approaches were tried to open the ending epoxide group of GPS or to further elongate the linkers. The effect of these approaches on DNA in situ synthesis and hybridization was investigated. For the spacing of the synthesis initiation sites, the wettability of the support and the length of the linking group that attaches the initiation site to the surface have direct influences on the yield of coupling reactions and the subsequent hybridization events. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mean contact angles of deionized water of the above slides were measured to assess the linker's characteristics in each procedure. It was proved that the glass slides were successfully modified and became excellent supports for the oligonucleotides synthesis. In addition, it proved best for the in situ oligonucleotides synthesis that a glass slide was in turn treated with ethylenediamine, glutaradehyde, ethanolamine and sodium borohydride solution at ambient temperature after silanized with GPS.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4602600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52221001)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(No.CX20220406)。
文摘There is an urgent need for novel processes that can integrate different functional nanostructures onto specific substrates,so as to meet the fast-growing need for broad applications in nanoelectronics,nanophotonics,and fexible optoelectronics.Existing direct-lithography methods are difficult to use on fexible,nonplanar,and biocompatible surfaces.Therefore,this fabrication is usually accomplished by nanotransfer printing.However,large-scale integration of multiscale nanostructures with unconventional substrates remains challenging because fabrication yields and quality are often limited by the resolution,uniformity,adhesivity,and integrity of the nanostructures formed by direct transfer.Here,we proposed a resist-based transfer strategy enabled by near-zero adhesion,which was achieved by molecular modification to attain a critical surface energy interval.This approach enabled the intact transfer of wafer-scale,ultrathin-resist nanofilms onto arbitrary substrates with mitigated cracking and wrinkling,thereby facilitating the in situ fabrication of nanostructures for functional devices.Applying this approach,fabrication of three-dimensional-stacked multilayer structures with enhanced functionalities,nanoplasmonic structures with~10 nm resolution,and MoS2-based devices with excellent performance was demonstrated on specific substrates.These results collectively demonstrated the high stability,reliability,and throughput of our strategy for optical and electronic device applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62275257)startup funding from the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe support of the Russian Science Foundation (No. 22-13-00126)。
文摘Sub-wavelength nanostructure lattices provide versatile platforms for light control and the basis for various novel phenomena and applications in physics, material science, chemistry, biology,and energy. The thriving study of nanostructure lattices is building on the remarkable progress of nanofabrication techniques, especially for the possibility of fabricating larger-area patterns while achieving higher-quality lattices, complex shapes, and hybrid materials units. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of techniques for large-area fabrication of optical nanostructure arrays, encompassing direct writing, self-assembly, controllable deposition, and nanoimprint/print methods. Furthermore, a particular focus is made on the recent improvement of unit accuracy and diversity, leading to integrated and multifunctional structures for devices and applications.
文摘High-voltage nMOS devices are fabricated successfully and the key technology parameters of the process are optimized by TCAD software. Experiment results show that the device＇s breakdown voltage is 114V, the threshold voltage and maximum driven ability are 1.02V and 7.5mA（W/L = 50）, respectively. Experimental results and simulation ones are compared carefully and a way to improve the breakdown performance is proposed.
基金financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number 2016YFB1100203]Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province [grant numbers 20171BBE50022, 20151BBE51065]+1 种基金Scientific Research Special Funds of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences [grant numbers 2014-XTPH1-16, 2014-YYB16]Key Research Project of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences [grant number 2016-YZD2-01]
文摘The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase constitution, porosity, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness and evolution of substrate temperature. Results showed that the samples produced in air atmosphere condition pos-sessed higher tensile strength and hardness for both as-deposited and heat-treated states than that in Ar chamber condition, due to dispersion strengthening effect of amorphous oxide particles and nitrogen solution strengthening as a result of higher content of oxygen and nitrogen. The temperature of substrate heat accumulation was higher in Ar chamber condition, leading to dramatically lower porosity and more reverse austenite, which also contributed to the lower strength and hardness.
