The rapid expansion of the photovoltaic industry has generated heavily oxidized waste silicon(wSi),which hinders efficient recycling owing to its small particle size and uncontrolled surface oxidation.This study intro...The rapid expansion of the photovoltaic industry has generated heavily oxidized waste silicon(wSi),which hinders efficient recycling owing to its small particle size and uncontrolled surface oxidation.This study introduces a molten salt electrochemical strategy for converting photovoltaic wSi into NiSi_(2)-silicon nanorods(NiSi_(2)-SiNRs)as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.A stable oxidized passivation layer is formed on the wSi surface via controlled oxidation,and further in situ generated highly active NiSi_(2) droplets.The molten salt electric field modulates the surface energy of silicon,while particle integration drives localized directional growth,enabling the self-assembly of NiSi_(2)-SiNRs composites.These NiSi_(2)-SiNRs anodes exhibit rapid ion transport and effective strain buffering.The high aspect ratio of SiNRs and the presence of retained NiSi_(2) facilitate both longitudinal and transverse Li^(+) diffusion.Owing to their robust structural design,the NiSi_(2)-SiNRs anode achieves an excellent initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.61%and retains 72.99%of its capacity after 800 cycles at 2 A·g^(−1).This study establishes a model system for investigating silicide/silicon interfaces in molten salt electrochemical synthesis and provides an effective strategy for upcycling photovoltaic wSi into high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes.展开更多
Halide perovskite materials have received considerable attention for solar cells,LEDs,lasers etc.owing to their controllable physicochemical properties and structural advantages.However,little research has focused on ...Halide perovskite materials have received considerable attention for solar cells,LEDs,lasers etc.owing to their controllable physicochemical properties and structural advantages.However,little research has focused on energy storage and conversion applications,such as use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries.In this paper,all-inorganic lead-free halide perovskite Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Cl_(9)powders were synthesized by the grinding method,and the lattice was successfully adjusted via introducing Mn^(2+).The characterization results show that Mn-ion substitution can cause local lattice distortion to restructure the lattice,which will cause a mixed arrangement of[BiCl_(6)]octahedra to improve the performance of the anode material.This new material can provide a feasible solution for solving the problem of low specific capacity anode materials caused by unstable crystal structures,and also indicates that such perovskites with unique crystal structures and lattice tunability have broad application prospects in lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but the problems related to Zn dendrites and side reactions severely hinder their practical applications.Herein,a self-recogn...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but the problems related to Zn dendrites and side reactions severely hinder their practical applications.Herein,a self-recognition separator based on a Bi-based metal-organic framework(GF@CAU-17)is developed for ion management to achieve highly reversible Zn anodes.The GF@CAU-17 has self-recognition behavior to customize selective Zn^(2+)channels,effectively repelling SO_(4)^(2-)and H_(2)O,but facilitating Zn^(2+)conduction.The inherent properties of CAU-17 result in the repulsion of SO_(4)^(2-)ions while disrupting the hydrogen bond network among free H_(2)O molecules,restraining side reactions and by-products.Simultaneously,the zincophilic characteristic of CAU-17 expedites the desolvation of[Zn(H_(2)O)6]^(2+),leading to a self-expedited Zn^(2+)ion pumping effect that dynamically produces a steady and homogeneous Zn^(2+)ion flux,and thereby alleviates concentration polarization.Consequently,a symmetric cell based on the GF@CAU-17 separator can achieve a long lifespan of 4450 h.Moreover,the constructed Zn//GF@CAU-17//MnO_(2)cell delivers a high specific capacity of 221.8 mAh g^(-1)and 88.0%capacity retention after 2000 cycles.展开更多
This work is devoted to the development of a low cost dimensionally stable anode with high oxygen evolution catalytic activity for practical applications.For this purpose,a Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode was fabricated thro...This work is devoted to the development of a low cost dimensionally stable anode with high oxygen evolution catalytic activity for practical applications.For this purpose,a Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode was fabricated through an innovative strategy involving Sn electrodeposition,oxidation,and MnO_(2)-layer preparation.The structure of the anode was characterized,and the oxygen evolution performance was evaluated in a H_(2)SO_(4) solution.The results show that compared with the Ti/SnO_(2)/MnO_(2) anode prepared by the conventional brushing-annealing process,the Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode fabricated through the innovative procedure exhibits a lower oxygen evolution potential and a nearly 40%longer accelerated lifespan.The superior oxygen evolution performance of the Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode is attributed to the distinctive SnO_(x) intermediate layer fabricated through Sn electrodeposition followed by oxidation,which indicates the great potential of the anode as a dimensionally stable anode for metal electrowinning and hydrogen production by electrolysis,etc.展开更多
NiFe2O4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis were prepared and their properties were investigated in a lab-scale electrolysis cell. The results show that the inert anodes exhibit good performance...NiFe2O4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis were prepared and their properties were investigated in a lab-scale electrolysis cell. The results show that the inert anodes exhibit good performance during electrolysis in molten salt cryolite at 960 °C, but according to the analyses of phase compositions and microstructures through XRD, SEM/EDX and metallographic analysis, the metal in the anodes is preferentially corroded and many pores are produced on the anode surface after electrolysis. The preferential dissolution of Fe in the NiFe2O4 phase may lead to the non-uniform corrosion of NiFe2O4 grains. Moreover, a dense protective layer of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 is formed on the anode surface, which originates from the reaction of Al2O3 dissolved in the electrolyte with NiO or FeO, the annexation of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 to NiO and volume expansion. Thus, the dense NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 layer inhibits the metal loss and ceramic-phase corrosion on the surface of the cermet inert anodes.展开更多
A novel SnO2-based gas anode was developed for aluminum electrolysis in molten cryolite at 850 ＆#176;C to reduce energy consumption and decrease CO2 emissions. Hydrogen was introduced into the anode, participating in...A novel SnO2-based gas anode was developed for aluminum electrolysis in molten cryolite at 850 ＆#176;C to reduce energy consumption and decrease CO2 emissions. Hydrogen was introduced into the anode, participating in the anode reaction. Carbon and aluminum were used as the cathode and reference electrodes, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry was applied in the cell to investigate the electrochemical behavior of oxygen ion on platinum and SnO2-based materials. The potential for oxygen evolution on these electrode materials was determined. Then, galvanostatic electrolysis was performed on the gas anode, showing a significant depolarization effect （a decrease of ~0.8 V of the anode potential） after the introduction of hydrogen, compared with no gas introduction or the introduction of argon. The results indicate the involvement of hydrogen in the anode reaction （three-phase-boundary reaction including gas, electrolyte and electrode） and give the possibility for the utilization of reducing gas anodes for aluminum electrolysis.展开更多
Constructing unique and highly stable structures with plenty of electroactive sites in sodium storage materials is a key factor for achieving improved electrochemical properties through favorable sodium ion di usion k...Constructing unique and highly stable structures with plenty of electroactive sites in sodium storage materials is a key factor for achieving improved electrochemical properties through favorable sodium ion di usion kinetics. An SnS_2@carbon hollow nanospheres(SnS_2@C) has been designed and fabricated via a facile solvothermal route, followed by an annealing treatment. The SnS_2@C hybrid possesses an ideal hollow structure, rich active sites, a large electrode/electrolyte interface, a shortened ion transport pathway, and, importantly, a bu er space for volume change, generated from the repeated insertion/extraction of sodium ions. These merits lead to the significant reinforcement of structural integrity during electrochemical reactions and the improvement in sodium storage properties, with a high specific reversible capacity of 626.8 mAh g^(-1) after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1) and superior high-rate performance(304.4 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)).展开更多
Self-organized titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanotubes,which are prepared by electrochemical anodizing,have been widely researched as promising anodes for Liion batteries.Both nanotubular morphology and bulk structure of T...Self-organized titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanotubes,which are prepared by electrochemical anodizing,have been widely researched as promising anodes for Liion batteries.Both nanotubular morphology and bulk structure of TiO_(2)nanotubes can be easily changed by adjusting the anodizing and annealing parameters.This is provided to investigate different phenomena by selectively adjusting a specific parameter of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism.In this paper,we reviewed how the morphology and crystallography of TiO_(2)nano tubes influence the electrochemical performance of Li^(+)batteries.In particular,electrochemical performances of amorphous and anatase titanium dioxide nanotube anodes were compared in detail.As we all know,TiO_(2)nanotube anodes have the advantages of nontoxicity,good stability,high safety and large specific surface area,in lithium-ion batteries.However,they suffer from poor electronic conductivity,inferior ion diffusivity and low theoretical capacity(335 mAh·g^(-1)),which limit their practical application.Generally,there are two ways to overcome the shortcomings of titanium dioxide nanotube anodes,including doping and synthesis composites.The achievements and existing problems associated with doped TiO_(2)nanotube anodes and composite material anodes are summarized in the present review.Based on the analysis of lithium insertion mechanism of titanium dioxide nanotube electrodes,the prospects and possible research directions of TiO_(2)anodes in lithiumion batteries are discussed.展开更多
With the growing energy demand associated with high safety and low-cost requirement,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been considered as one of the most promising next-generation batteries.However,some key issues,...With the growing energy demand associated with high safety and low-cost requirement,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been considered as one of the most promising next-generation batteries.However,some key issues,such as uncontrollable dendrites growth,severe corrosion,hydrogen evolution and side reactions of Zn anodes during charge/discharge process,have hindered its pragmatic applications.Two-dimensional(2D)materials hold advantages of unique physical and chemical properties,large surface areas and abundant active sites,which have been successfully used to overcome the above shortcomings of Zn anodes in recent years.In this review,the issues and challenges of Zn anodes are outlined.Then,the state-of-the-art progress on Zn anodes modification based on 2D materials such as graphene,2D metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes),2D metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),2D covalent organic frameworks(COFs),2D transition metal compounds and other 2D materials is discussed in detail.Finally,the perspectives of employing 2D materials in highly reversible Zn anodes are summarized and discussed.展开更多
A novel high gravity multi-concentric cylinder electrodes-rotating bed(MCCE-RB) was developed for the electrocatalytic degradation of phenol wastewater in order to enhance the mass transfer with the self-made RuO_2-Ir...A novel high gravity multi-concentric cylinder electrodes-rotating bed(MCCE-RB) was developed for the electrocatalytic degradation of phenol wastewater in order to enhance the mass transfer with the self-made RuO_2-IrO_2-SnO_2/Ti anodes. The influences of electric current density, inlet liquid circulation flowrate, high gravity factor, sodium chloride concentration,and initial pH value on phenol degradation efficiency were investigated, with the optimal operating conditions determined. The results showed that under the optimal operating conditions covering a current density of 35 mA/cm^2, an inlet liquid circulation flowrate of 48 L/h, a high gravity factor of 20, a sodium chloride concentration of 8.5 g/L, an initial pH value of 6.5, a reaction time of 100 min, and an initial phenol concentration of 500 mg/L, the efficiency for removal of phenol reached 99.7%, which was improved by 10.4% as compared to that achieved in the normal gravity field. The tendency regarding the change in efficiency for removal of phenol, total organic carbon(TOC), and chemical oxygen demand(COD)over time was studied. The intermediates and degradation pathway of phenol were deduced by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).展开更多
Pb?Ag?PbO2 composite anodes with different mass fractions(1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)ofβ-PbO2 were prepared by powder-pressed(PP)method.The galvanostatic polarization curves,Tafel curves and anodic polarization curves were te...Pb?Ag?PbO2 composite anodes with different mass fractions(1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)ofβ-PbO2 were prepared by powder-pressed(PP)method.The galvanostatic polarization curves,Tafel curves and anodic polarization curves were tested in sulfuric acid solution.The morphologies and phase compositions of the anodic layers formed after galvanostatic polarization were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),respectively.The results showed thatβ-PbO2 can improve the electrocatalytic activity of anodic oxide.The anode containing 3%β-PbO2 had the lowest overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the best corrosion resistance.The morphologies of the anode surfaces were gradually transformed from regular crystals to amorphous ones as the content ofβ-PbO2 increased in anodes.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices.These devices’s rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavio...Sodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices.These devices’s rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavior in electrode materials.Herein,a defective TiO2@reduced graphene oxide(M-TiO2@rGO)self-supporting foam electrode is constructed via a facile MXene decomposition and graphene oxide self-assembling process.The employment of the MXene parent phase exhibits distinctive advantages,enabling defect engineering,nanoengineering,and fluorine-doped metal oxides.As a result,the M-TiO2@rGO electrode shows a pseudocapacitance-dominated hybrid sodium storage mechanism.The pseudocapacitance-dominated process leads to high capacity,remarkable rate ability,and superior cycling performance.Significantly,an M-TiO2@rGO//Na3 V2(PO4)3 sodium full cell and an M-TiO2@rGO//HPAC sodium ion capacitor are fabricated to demonstrate the promising application of M-TiO2@rGO.The sodium ion battery presents a capacity of 177.1 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 and capacity retention of 74%after 200 cycles.The sodium ion capacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 101.2 Wh kg-1 and a maximum power density of 10,103.7 W kg-1.At 1.0 A g-1,it displays an energy retention of 84.7%after 10,000 cycles.展开更多
The preparation process and properties of the thermally prepared Ti anodes coated with IrO2+Ta2O5 was studied. The structure and morphologies of the IrO2+Ta2O5 coatings were determined by XRD and SEM. Their electroche...The preparation process and properties of the thermally prepared Ti anodes coated with IrO2+Ta2O5 was studied. The structure and morphologies of the IrO2+Ta2O5 coatings were determined by XRD and SEM. Their electrochemical properties were studied by polarization curve and cyclic voltammetry. Trivalent chromium electroplating using Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5 anodes is carried out and the results were analyzed. Results show that this anode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity and stability in sulfate electrolysis. The electrocatalytic activity is determined not only by the content of IrO2 but also the structure and morphology of the anode coatings. The electroplating results indicats that Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5 anodes have excellent capabilities and merits in improving the stability of trivalent chromium electroplating in sulfate system.展开更多
Service life of two different oxide anodes in phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) solution was investigated by accelerated electrolysis. The durability of Ti/IrO_2+Ta_2 O_5 anode increased by the addition of SnO_2 in the mixed...Service life of two different oxide anodes in phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) solution was investigated by accelerated electrolysis. The durability of Ti/IrO_2+Ta_2 O_5 anode increased by the addition of SnO_2 in the mixed oxides. The degradation mechanisms of Ti/IrO_2+ Ta_2 O_5 and Ti/IrO_2 +Ta_2 O_5 +SnO+2 anodes were different. It was shown from the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the electrochcmical measurement that, the deactivation of Ti/IrO_2 + Ta_2 O_5 anode was due to the build-up of an organic film on surface. The growth of the covered film on surface was restricted by addition of SnO_2, which resulted in increasing of the service life of anodes. The over-potential for oxygen evolution on Ti/IrO_2 +Ta_2 O_5 electrode increased after doping SnO_2, and the intermediate products of PSA building-up on the surface was much more rapidly oxidized. Meanwhile, a certain part of the surface oxide deposit entered into the solution leading to loss of oxides, which resulted in degradation of Ti/IroO_2 + Ta_2 O_5 anode containing SnO_2 component.展开更多
Hollow micro-/nanostructures have achieved great success in the field of renewable battery materials by reducing the volume change and promoting the ion transport.Double-shelled Co_(3)V_(2)O__(8)hollow nanospheres(CVO...Hollow micro-/nanostructures have achieved great success in the field of renewable battery materials by reducing the volume change and promoting the ion transport.Double-shelled Co_(3)V_(2)O__(8)hollow nanospheres(CVODSS)were synthesized using a facile solvothermal method followed by a thermal treatment in the absence of any surfactant.Meanwhile,two other architectures of hollow nanospheres and nanoparticles were obtained by changing the annealing temperature.Benefiting from the desired hollow structure,the CVO-DSS electrode exhibits excellent lithium storage properties as an anode.It exhibits a reversible discharge capacity of 1210 m Ah·g^(-1)at200 m A·g^(-1)after 100 cycles and a satisfactorily high rate capacity of 628 m Ah·g^(-1)after 800 cycles at 5000 m A·g^(-1).These hollow nanostructures can efficiently enhance the contact area of the electrolyte/electrode interface,promote the diffusion of lithium ions and electrons and slow down the capacity loss during long cycles.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion battery(ZIB)featuring with high safety,low cost,environmentally friendly,and high energy density is one of the most promising systems for large-scale energy storage application.Despite extensive resea...Aqueous zinc-ion battery(ZIB)featuring with high safety,low cost,environmentally friendly,and high energy density is one of the most promising systems for large-scale energy storage application.Despite extensive research progress made in developing high-performance cathodes,the Zn anode issues,such as Zn dendrites,corrosion,and hydrogen evolution,have been observed to shorten ZIB’s lifespan seriously,thus restricting their practical application.Engineering advanced Zn anodes based on two-dimensional(2D)materials are widely investigated to address these issues.With atomic thickness,2D materials possess ultrahigh specific surface area,much exposed active sites,superior mechanical strength and flexibility,and unique electrical properties,which confirm to be a promising alternative anode material for ZIBs.This review aims to boost rational design strategies of 2D materials for practical application of ZIB by combining the fundamental principle and research progress.Firstly,the fundamental principles of 2D materials against the drawbacks of Zn anode are introduced.Then,the designed strategies of several typical 2D materials for stable Zn anodes are comprehensively summarized.Finally,perspectives on the future development of advanced Zn anodes by taking advantage of these unique properties of 2D materials are proposed.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are fundamentally challenged by the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface,predominantly due to irreversible zinc (Zn) deposition and hydrogen evolution.Particularly,the ...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are fundamentally challenged by the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface,predominantly due to irreversible zinc (Zn) deposition and hydrogen evolution.Particularly,the intricate mechanisms behind the electrochemical discrepancies induced by interfacial Zn^(2+)-solvation and deposition behavior demand comprehensive investigation.Organic molecules endowed with special functional groups (such as hydroxyl,carboxyl,etc.) have the potential to significantly optimize the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)and regulate the interfacial electric double layer (EDL).By increasing nucleation overpotential and decreasing interfacial free energy,these functional groups facilitate a lower critical nucleation radius,thereby forming an asymptotic nucleation model to promote uniform Zn deposition.Herein,this study presents a pioneering approach by introducing trace amounts of n-butanol as solvation regulators to engineer the homogenized Zn (H-Zn) anode with a uniform and dense structure.The interfacial reaction and structure evolution are explored by in/ex-situ experimental techniques,indicating that the H-Zn anode exhibits dendrite-free growth,no by-products,and weak hydrogen evolution,in sharp contrast to the bare Zn.Consequently,the H-Zn anode achieves a remarkable Zn utilization rate of approximately 20% and simultaneously sustains a prolonged cycle life exceeding 500 h.Moreover,the H-Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O^(10)(NVO) full battery showcases exceptional cycle stability,retaining 95.04%capacity retention after 400 cycles at a large current density of 5 A g^(-1).This study enlightens solvation-regulated additives to develop Zn anode with superior utilization efficiency and extended operational lifespan.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are an advanced secondary battery technology to supplement lithiumion batteries.It has been widely concerned and developed recently based on the element abundance and safety advantages...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are an advanced secondary battery technology to supplement lithiumion batteries.It has been widely concerned and developed recently based on the element abundance and safety advantages.However,AZIBs still suffer from serious problems such as dendrites Zn,hydrogen evolution corrosion,and surface passivation,which hinder the further commercial application of AZIBs.Herein,an in-situ ZnCr_(2)O_(4)(ZCO)interface endows AZIBs with dendrite-free and ultra-low polarization by realizing Zn^(2+)pre-desolvation,constraining H2O-induced corrosio n,and boosting Zn^(2+)transport/deposition kinetics.The ZCO@Zn anode harvests an ultrahigh cumulative capacity of~20000 mA h cm^(-2)(cycle time:over 4000 h)at a high current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),indicating excellent reversibility of Zn deposition,Such superior performance is among the best cyclability in AZIBs.Moreover,the multifunctional ZCO interface improves the Coulombic efficiency(CE)to 99.7%for more than 2600 cycles.The outstanding electrochemical performance is also verified by the long-term cycle stability of ZCO@Zn//α-MnO_(2) full cells.Notably,the as-proposed method is efficient and low-cost enough to enable mass production.This work provides new insights into the uniform Zn electrodeposition at the scale of interfacial Zn^(2+)predesolvation and kinetics improvement.展开更多
ZnFe2O4-based inert anodes were made to conduct the aluminum electrolysis tests. The corrosion behaviors of the inert anodes were examined and discussed. Experiment results prove that: (1) ZnFe2O4-based inert anodes a...ZnFe2O4-based inert anodes were made to conduct the aluminum electrolysis tests. The corrosion behaviors of the inert anodes were examined and discussed. Experiment results prove that: (1) ZnFe2O4-based inert anodes are good corrosion resistant to AlF3-NaF-Al2O3 melts under the conditions of anodic polarization; (2) High anodic current density ( > 1.5 A·cm-2), high alumina concentration and low ratio of NaF/AlF3 in the molten salts will be the most important conditions for using inert anode.展开更多
Stainless steel plates were successfully coated with SnO2-CeO2 films （SS/SnO2-CeO2） by brush coating with a solution of stannous chloride and cerium trichloride followed by thermal decomposition. It is proven that t...Stainless steel plates were successfully coated with SnO2-CeO2 films （SS/SnO2-CeO2） by brush coating with a solution of stannous chloride and cerium trichloride followed by thermal decomposition. It is proven that the properties of SnO2 films can be evidently improved by Ce doping, and 600℃ is the optimum temperature to prepare SS/SnO2-CeO2 anodes. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties as well as the elec- trocatalytic activity of the electrodes were investigated. It is found that the novel electrodes have compact microstructure, high overpotential for oxygen evolution （1.60 V vs SCE）, excellent electrochemical stability, relatively low cost and excellent catalytic activity for oxidizing pollutants. An industrial dye wastewater, which is hard to be purified by using conventional chemical flocculation methods, was oxidated by employing the SS/SnO2-CeO2 anodes, and 83.00% of color and 48.62% of chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal was achieved under the cell voltage of 5 V within only 2 min, and the electricity consumption is only 1.83 kWh for oxidizing I m3 of dye wastewater.展开更多
基金supported by the Yunnan Province Basic Research General Program,China(No.202201BE070001-002)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province,China(No.202402AF 080005).
文摘The rapid expansion of the photovoltaic industry has generated heavily oxidized waste silicon(wSi),which hinders efficient recycling owing to its small particle size and uncontrolled surface oxidation.This study introduces a molten salt electrochemical strategy for converting photovoltaic wSi into NiSi_(2)-silicon nanorods(NiSi_(2)-SiNRs)as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.A stable oxidized passivation layer is formed on the wSi surface via controlled oxidation,and further in situ generated highly active NiSi_(2) droplets.The molten salt electric field modulates the surface energy of silicon,while particle integration drives localized directional growth,enabling the self-assembly of NiSi_(2)-SiNRs composites.These NiSi_(2)-SiNRs anodes exhibit rapid ion transport and effective strain buffering.The high aspect ratio of SiNRs and the presence of retained NiSi_(2) facilitate both longitudinal and transverse Li^(+) diffusion.Owing to their robust structural design,the NiSi_(2)-SiNRs anode achieves an excellent initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.61%and retains 72.99%of its capacity after 800 cycles at 2 A·g^(−1).This study establishes a model system for investigating silicide/silicon interfaces in molten salt electrochemical synthesis and provides an effective strategy for upcycling photovoltaic wSi into high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes.
基金supported by the Foundation of Yunnan Province(Nos.202301AU070021,202201BE070001-027)the Test Foundation of KUST(No.2022T20210208).
文摘Halide perovskite materials have received considerable attention for solar cells,LEDs,lasers etc.owing to their controllable physicochemical properties and structural advantages.However,little research has focused on energy storage and conversion applications,such as use as anodes in lithium-ion batteries.In this paper,all-inorganic lead-free halide perovskite Cs_(3)Bi_(2)Cl_(9)powders were synthesized by the grinding method,and the lattice was successfully adjusted via introducing Mn^(2+).The characterization results show that Mn-ion substitution can cause local lattice distortion to restructure the lattice,which will cause a mixed arrangement of[BiCl_(6)]octahedra to improve the performance of the anode material.This new material can provide a feasible solution for solving the problem of low specific capacity anode materials caused by unstable crystal structures,and also indicates that such perovskites with unique crystal structures and lattice tunability have broad application prospects in lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272150)the Major Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD22B030002)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2021R51009)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science of China(LZ23B030001)the Key Science and Technology Project of Jinhua City(2022-1-083,2023-1-093).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage,but the problems related to Zn dendrites and side reactions severely hinder their practical applications.Herein,a self-recognition separator based on a Bi-based metal-organic framework(GF@CAU-17)is developed for ion management to achieve highly reversible Zn anodes.The GF@CAU-17 has self-recognition behavior to customize selective Zn^(2+)channels,effectively repelling SO_(4)^(2-)and H_(2)O,but facilitating Zn^(2+)conduction.The inherent properties of CAU-17 result in the repulsion of SO_(4)^(2-)ions while disrupting the hydrogen bond network among free H_(2)O molecules,restraining side reactions and by-products.Simultaneously,the zincophilic characteristic of CAU-17 expedites the desolvation of[Zn(H_(2)O)6]^(2+),leading to a self-expedited Zn^(2+)ion pumping effect that dynamically produces a steady and homogeneous Zn^(2+)ion flux,and thereby alleviates concentration polarization.Consequently,a symmetric cell based on the GF@CAU-17 separator can achieve a long lifespan of 4450 h.Moreover,the constructed Zn//GF@CAU-17//MnO_(2)cell delivers a high specific capacity of 221.8 mAh g^(-1)and 88.0%capacity retention after 2000 cycles.
文摘This work is devoted to the development of a low cost dimensionally stable anode with high oxygen evolution catalytic activity for practical applications.For this purpose,a Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode was fabricated through an innovative strategy involving Sn electrodeposition,oxidation,and MnO_(2)-layer preparation.The structure of the anode was characterized,and the oxygen evolution performance was evaluated in a H_(2)SO_(4) solution.The results show that compared with the Ti/SnO_(2)/MnO_(2) anode prepared by the conventional brushing-annealing process,the Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode fabricated through the innovative procedure exhibits a lower oxygen evolution potential and a nearly 40%longer accelerated lifespan.The superior oxygen evolution performance of the Ti/SnO_(x)/MnO_(2) anode is attributed to the distinctive SnO_(x) intermediate layer fabricated through Sn electrodeposition followed by oxidation,which indicates the great potential of the anode as a dimensionally stable anode for metal electrowinning and hydrogen production by electrolysis,etc.
基金Project (2012FJ6123) supported by the Project of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaProject supported by Post-Doctoral Foundation of Central South University,China+1 种基金Project (CL12100) supported the Undergraduate Innovative Training of Central South University,ChinaProject (2282013bkso13) supported by Free Exploration Plan of Central South University,China
文摘NiFe2O4-10NiO-based cermet inert anodes for aluminium electrolysis were prepared and their properties were investigated in a lab-scale electrolysis cell. The results show that the inert anodes exhibit good performance during electrolysis in molten salt cryolite at 960 °C, but according to the analyses of phase compositions and microstructures through XRD, SEM/EDX and metallographic analysis, the metal in the anodes is preferentially corroded and many pores are produced on the anode surface after electrolysis. The preferential dissolution of Fe in the NiFe2O4 phase may lead to the non-uniform corrosion of NiFe2O4 grains. Moreover, a dense protective layer of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 is formed on the anode surface, which originates from the reaction of Al2O3 dissolved in the electrolyte with NiO or FeO, the annexation of NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 to NiO and volume expansion. Thus, the dense NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4 layer inhibits the metal loss and ceramic-phase corrosion on the surface of the cermet inert anodes.
基金Project(51404001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject([2014]1685)supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education,China
文摘A novel SnO2-based gas anode was developed for aluminum electrolysis in molten cryolite at 850 ＆#176;C to reduce energy consumption and decrease CO2 emissions. Hydrogen was introduced into the anode, participating in the anode reaction. Carbon and aluminum were used as the cathode and reference electrodes, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry was applied in the cell to investigate the electrochemical behavior of oxygen ion on platinum and SnO2-based materials. The potential for oxygen evolution on these electrode materials was determined. Then, galvanostatic electrolysis was performed on the gas anode, showing a significant depolarization effect （a decrease of ~0.8 V of the anode potential） after the introduction of hydrogen, compared with no gas introduction or the introduction of argon. The results indicate the involvement of hydrogen in the anode reaction （three-phase-boundary reaction including gas, electrolyte and electrode） and give the possibility for the utilization of reducing gas anodes for aluminum electrolysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21701144)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2016M592303 and 2017T100536)
文摘Constructing unique and highly stable structures with plenty of electroactive sites in sodium storage materials is a key factor for achieving improved electrochemical properties through favorable sodium ion di usion kinetics. An SnS_2@carbon hollow nanospheres(SnS_2@C) has been designed and fabricated via a facile solvothermal route, followed by an annealing treatment. The SnS_2@C hybrid possesses an ideal hollow structure, rich active sites, a large electrode/electrolyte interface, a shortened ion transport pathway, and, importantly, a bu er space for volume change, generated from the repeated insertion/extraction of sodium ions. These merits lead to the significant reinforcement of structural integrity during electrochemical reactions and the improvement in sodium storage properties, with a high specific reversible capacity of 626.8 mAh g^(-1) after 200 cycles at a current density of 0.2 A g^(-1) and superior high-rate performance(304.4 mAh g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1)).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61376017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(No.CUSFDH-D-2020094)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.17YF1400600)。
文摘Self-organized titanium dioxide(TiO_(2))nanotubes,which are prepared by electrochemical anodizing,have been widely researched as promising anodes for Liion batteries.Both nanotubular morphology and bulk structure of TiO_(2)nanotubes can be easily changed by adjusting the anodizing and annealing parameters.This is provided to investigate different phenomena by selectively adjusting a specific parameter of the Li^(+)insertion mechanism.In this paper,we reviewed how the morphology and crystallography of TiO_(2)nano tubes influence the electrochemical performance of Li^(+)batteries.In particular,electrochemical performances of amorphous and anatase titanium dioxide nanotube anodes were compared in detail.As we all know,TiO_(2)nanotube anodes have the advantages of nontoxicity,good stability,high safety and large specific surface area,in lithium-ion batteries.However,they suffer from poor electronic conductivity,inferior ion diffusivity and low theoretical capacity(335 mAh·g^(-1)),which limit their practical application.Generally,there are two ways to overcome the shortcomings of titanium dioxide nanotube anodes,including doping and synthesis composites.The achievements and existing problems associated with doped TiO_(2)nanotube anodes and composite material anodes are summarized in the present review.Based on the analysis of lithium insertion mechanism of titanium dioxide nanotube electrodes,the prospects and possible research directions of TiO_(2)anodes in lithiumion batteries are discussed.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(No.RF-B-2020004)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(No.2020R01002)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2022YFE0113800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972286,21905246 and 22005268)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LR19E020003,LZ21E020003,LQ21E020004 and LQ20B010011)。
文摘With the growing energy demand associated with high safety and low-cost requirement,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been considered as one of the most promising next-generation batteries.However,some key issues,such as uncontrollable dendrites growth,severe corrosion,hydrogen evolution and side reactions of Zn anodes during charge/discharge process,have hindered its pragmatic applications.Two-dimensional(2D)materials hold advantages of unique physical and chemical properties,large surface areas and abundant active sites,which have been successfully used to overcome the above shortcomings of Zn anodes in recent years.In this review,the issues and challenges of Zn anodes are outlined.Then,the state-of-the-art progress on Zn anodes modification based on 2D materials such as graphene,2D metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes),2D metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),2D covalent organic frameworks(COFs),2D transition metal compounds and other 2D materials is discussed in detail.Finally,the perspectives of employing 2D materials in highly reversible Zn anodes are summarized and discussed.
基金financially supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U1610106)the Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No.21703208)
文摘A novel high gravity multi-concentric cylinder electrodes-rotating bed(MCCE-RB) was developed for the electrocatalytic degradation of phenol wastewater in order to enhance the mass transfer with the self-made RuO_2-IrO_2-SnO_2/Ti anodes. The influences of electric current density, inlet liquid circulation flowrate, high gravity factor, sodium chloride concentration,and initial pH value on phenol degradation efficiency were investigated, with the optimal operating conditions determined. The results showed that under the optimal operating conditions covering a current density of 35 mA/cm^2, an inlet liquid circulation flowrate of 48 L/h, a high gravity factor of 20, a sodium chloride concentration of 8.5 g/L, an initial pH value of 6.5, a reaction time of 100 min, and an initial phenol concentration of 500 mg/L, the efficiency for removal of phenol reached 99.7%, which was improved by 10.4% as compared to that achieved in the normal gravity field. The tendency regarding the change in efficiency for removal of phenol, total organic carbon(TOC), and chemical oxygen demand(COD)over time was studied. The intermediates and degradation pathway of phenol were deduced by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).
基金Project(2017YFB0305401)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(51874369,51474245,51871249)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2018JJ3659)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2018RS3007)supported by Huxiang Young Talents Plan,China
文摘Pb?Ag?PbO2 composite anodes with different mass fractions(1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)ofβ-PbO2 were prepared by powder-pressed(PP)method.The galvanostatic polarization curves,Tafel curves and anodic polarization curves were tested in sulfuric acid solution.The morphologies and phase compositions of the anodic layers formed after galvanostatic polarization were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),respectively.The results showed thatβ-PbO2 can improve the electrocatalytic activity of anodic oxide.The anode containing 3%β-PbO2 had the lowest overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the best corrosion resistance.The morphologies of the anode surfaces were gradually transformed from regular crystals to amorphous ones as the content ofβ-PbO2 increased in anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702063,51672056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(LC2018004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630340,2019T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University。
文摘Sodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices.These devices’s rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavior in electrode materials.Herein,a defective TiO2@reduced graphene oxide(M-TiO2@rGO)self-supporting foam electrode is constructed via a facile MXene decomposition and graphene oxide self-assembling process.The employment of the MXene parent phase exhibits distinctive advantages,enabling defect engineering,nanoengineering,and fluorine-doped metal oxides.As a result,the M-TiO2@rGO electrode shows a pseudocapacitance-dominated hybrid sodium storage mechanism.The pseudocapacitance-dominated process leads to high capacity,remarkable rate ability,and superior cycling performance.Significantly,an M-TiO2@rGO//Na3 V2(PO4)3 sodium full cell and an M-TiO2@rGO//HPAC sodium ion capacitor are fabricated to demonstrate the promising application of M-TiO2@rGO.The sodium ion battery presents a capacity of 177.1 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 and capacity retention of 74%after 200 cycles.The sodium ion capacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 101.2 Wh kg-1 and a maximum power density of 10,103.7 W kg-1.At 1.0 A g-1,it displays an energy retention of 84.7%after 10,000 cycles.
文摘The preparation process and properties of the thermally prepared Ti anodes coated with IrO2+Ta2O5 was studied. The structure and morphologies of the IrO2+Ta2O5 coatings were determined by XRD and SEM. Their electrochemical properties were studied by polarization curve and cyclic voltammetry. Trivalent chromium electroplating using Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5 anodes is carried out and the results were analyzed. Results show that this anode exhibits excellent electrochemical activity and stability in sulfate electrolysis. The electrocatalytic activity is determined not only by the content of IrO2 but also the structure and morphology of the anode coatings. The electroplating results indicats that Ti/IrO2+Ta2O5 anodes have excellent capabilities and merits in improving the stability of trivalent chromium electroplating in sulfate system.
文摘Service life of two different oxide anodes in phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) solution was investigated by accelerated electrolysis. The durability of Ti/IrO_2+Ta_2 O_5 anode increased by the addition of SnO_2 in the mixed oxides. The degradation mechanisms of Ti/IrO_2+ Ta_2 O_5 and Ti/IrO_2 +Ta_2 O_5 +SnO+2 anodes were different. It was shown from the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the electrochcmical measurement that, the deactivation of Ti/IrO_2 + Ta_2 O_5 anode was due to the build-up of an organic film on surface. The growth of the covered film on surface was restricted by addition of SnO_2, which resulted in increasing of the service life of anodes. The over-potential for oxygen evolution on Ti/IrO_2 +Ta_2 O_5 electrode increased after doping SnO_2, and the intermediate products of PSA building-up on the surface was much more rapidly oxidized. Meanwhile, a certain part of the surface oxide deposit entered into the solution leading to loss of oxides, which resulted in degradation of Ti/IroO_2 + Ta_2 O_5 anode containing SnO_2 component.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21476063)Guizhou Provincial Education Department(No.KY[2018]031)+2 种基金the Project of Hubei Provincial Science&Technology Department(No.2018ACA147)the Open-End Fund for Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis&Reuse Technology(No.PA200104)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)for scholarship support。
文摘Hollow micro-/nanostructures have achieved great success in the field of renewable battery materials by reducing the volume change and promoting the ion transport.Double-shelled Co_(3)V_(2)O__(8)hollow nanospheres(CVODSS)were synthesized using a facile solvothermal method followed by a thermal treatment in the absence of any surfactant.Meanwhile,two other architectures of hollow nanospheres and nanoparticles were obtained by changing the annealing temperature.Benefiting from the desired hollow structure,the CVO-DSS electrode exhibits excellent lithium storage properties as an anode.It exhibits a reversible discharge capacity of 1210 m Ah·g^(-1)at200 m A·g^(-1)after 100 cycles and a satisfactorily high rate capacity of 628 m Ah·g^(-1)after 800 cycles at 5000 m A·g^(-1).These hollow nanostructures can efficiently enhance the contact area of the electrolyte/electrode interface,promote the diffusion of lithium ions and electrons and slow down the capacity loss during long cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22225801 and 21905206)the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics(SKL202107)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,conducted at Tongji University.
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion battery(ZIB)featuring with high safety,low cost,environmentally friendly,and high energy density is one of the most promising systems for large-scale energy storage application.Despite extensive research progress made in developing high-performance cathodes,the Zn anode issues,such as Zn dendrites,corrosion,and hydrogen evolution,have been observed to shorten ZIB’s lifespan seriously,thus restricting their practical application.Engineering advanced Zn anodes based on two-dimensional(2D)materials are widely investigated to address these issues.With atomic thickness,2D materials possess ultrahigh specific surface area,much exposed active sites,superior mechanical strength and flexibility,and unique electrical properties,which confirm to be a promising alternative anode material for ZIBs.This review aims to boost rational design strategies of 2D materials for practical application of ZIB by combining the fundamental principle and research progress.Firstly,the fundamental principles of 2D materials against the drawbacks of Zn anode are introduced.Then,the designed strategies of several typical 2D materials for stable Zn anodes are comprehensively summarized.Finally,perspectives on the future development of advanced Zn anodes by taking advantage of these unique properties of 2D materials are proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52301273, 52072411)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2024RC3222)+3 种基金Key project of scientific research project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (22A0479)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M753668)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme (2023CXQD038)Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Research Innovation Programme(CX20240970)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are fundamentally challenged by the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface,predominantly due to irreversible zinc (Zn) deposition and hydrogen evolution.Particularly,the intricate mechanisms behind the electrochemical discrepancies induced by interfacial Zn^(2+)-solvation and deposition behavior demand comprehensive investigation.Organic molecules endowed with special functional groups (such as hydroxyl,carboxyl,etc.) have the potential to significantly optimize the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)and regulate the interfacial electric double layer (EDL).By increasing nucleation overpotential and decreasing interfacial free energy,these functional groups facilitate a lower critical nucleation radius,thereby forming an asymptotic nucleation model to promote uniform Zn deposition.Herein,this study presents a pioneering approach by introducing trace amounts of n-butanol as solvation regulators to engineer the homogenized Zn (H-Zn) anode with a uniform and dense structure.The interfacial reaction and structure evolution are explored by in/ex-situ experimental techniques,indicating that the H-Zn anode exhibits dendrite-free growth,no by-products,and weak hydrogen evolution,in sharp contrast to the bare Zn.Consequently,the H-Zn anode achieves a remarkable Zn utilization rate of approximately 20% and simultaneously sustains a prolonged cycle life exceeding 500 h.Moreover,the H-Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O^(10)(NVO) full battery showcases exceptional cycle stability,retaining 95.04%capacity retention after 400 cycles at a large current density of 5 A g^(-1).This study enlightens solvation-regulated additives to develop Zn anode with superior utilization efficiency and extended operational lifespan.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172159)the Provincial key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C01030)the Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(2021SZ-TD006)。
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are an advanced secondary battery technology to supplement lithiumion batteries.It has been widely concerned and developed recently based on the element abundance and safety advantages.However,AZIBs still suffer from serious problems such as dendrites Zn,hydrogen evolution corrosion,and surface passivation,which hinder the further commercial application of AZIBs.Herein,an in-situ ZnCr_(2)O_(4)(ZCO)interface endows AZIBs with dendrite-free and ultra-low polarization by realizing Zn^(2+)pre-desolvation,constraining H2O-induced corrosio n,and boosting Zn^(2+)transport/deposition kinetics.The ZCO@Zn anode harvests an ultrahigh cumulative capacity of~20000 mA h cm^(-2)(cycle time:over 4000 h)at a high current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),indicating excellent reversibility of Zn deposition,Such superior performance is among the best cyclability in AZIBs.Moreover,the multifunctional ZCO interface improves the Coulombic efficiency(CE)to 99.7%for more than 2600 cycles.The outstanding electrochemical performance is also verified by the long-term cycle stability of ZCO@Zn//α-MnO_(2) full cells.Notably,the as-proposed method is efficient and low-cost enough to enable mass production.This work provides new insights into the uniform Zn electrodeposition at the scale of interfacial Zn^(2+)predesolvation and kinetics improvement.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50374045)
文摘ZnFe2O4-based inert anodes were made to conduct the aluminum electrolysis tests. The corrosion behaviors of the inert anodes were examined and discussed. Experiment results prove that: (1) ZnFe2O4-based inert anodes are good corrosion resistant to AlF3-NaF-Al2O3 melts under the conditions of anodic polarization; (2) High anodic current density ( > 1.5 A·cm-2), high alumina concentration and low ratio of NaF/AlF3 in the molten salts will be the most important conditions for using inert anode.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No. 280 2007AA05Z409)
文摘Stainless steel plates were successfully coated with SnO2-CeO2 films （SS/SnO2-CeO2） by brush coating with a solution of stannous chloride and cerium trichloride followed by thermal decomposition. It is proven that the properties of SnO2 films can be evidently improved by Ce doping, and 600℃ is the optimum temperature to prepare SS/SnO2-CeO2 anodes. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties as well as the elec- trocatalytic activity of the electrodes were investigated. It is found that the novel electrodes have compact microstructure, high overpotential for oxygen evolution （1.60 V vs SCE）, excellent electrochemical stability, relatively low cost and excellent catalytic activity for oxidizing pollutants. An industrial dye wastewater, which is hard to be purified by using conventional chemical flocculation methods, was oxidated by employing the SS/SnO2-CeO2 anodes, and 83.00% of color and 48.62% of chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal was achieved under the cell voltage of 5 V within only 2 min, and the electricity consumption is only 1.83 kWh for oxidizing I m3 of dye wastewater.
