As Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)constitute scarce natural resources,constructing a Satellite Frequency and Orbit Knowledge Graph(SFO-KG)becomes crucial for optimizing their utilization.In the process of building ...As Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)constitute scarce natural resources,constructing a Satellite Frequency and Orbit Knowledge Graph(SFO-KG)becomes crucial for optimizing their utilization.In the process of building the SFO-KG from Chinese unstructured data,extracting Chinese entity relations is the fundamental step.Although Relation Extraction(RE)methods in the English field have been extensively studied and developed earlier than their Chinese counterparts,their direct application to Chinese texts faces significant challenges due to linguistic distinctions such as unique grammar,pictographic characters,and prevalent polysemy.The absence of comprehensive reviews on Chinese RE research progress necessitates a systematic investigation.A thorough review of Chinese RE has been conducted from four methodological approaches:pipeline RE,joint entityrelation extraction,open domain RE,and multimodal RE techniques.In addition,we further analyze the essential research infrastructure,including specialized datasets,evaluation benchmarks,and competitions within Chinese RE research.Finally,the current research challenges and development trends in the field of Chinese RE were summarized and analyzed from the perspectives of ecological construction methods for datasets,open domain RE,N-ary RE,and RE based on large language models.This comprehensive review aims to facilitate SFO-KG construction and its practical applications in SFO resource management.展开更多
In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to er...In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.展开更多
Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of s...Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of solvent, high enrichment factor, high accuracy, etc. In recent years, a variety of new SPE methods such as molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）, magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE）, solid phase micro-extraction （SPME）, etc., which are superior to the conventional SPE, have been developed and been widely applied to food, drugs, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of SPE and its new applications in different areas are reviewed.展开更多
Information extraction(IE)aims to automatically identify and extract information about specific interests from raw texts.Despite the abundance of solutions based on fine-tuning pretrained language models,IE in the con...Information extraction(IE)aims to automatically identify and extract information about specific interests from raw texts.Despite the abundance of solutions based on fine-tuning pretrained language models,IE in the context of fewshot and zero-shot scenarios remains highly challenging due to the scarcity of training data.Large language models(LLMs),on the other hand,can generalize well to unseen tasks with few-shot demonstrations or even zero-shot instructions and have demonstrated impressive ability for a wide range of natural language understanding or generation tasks.Nevertheless,it is unclear,whether such effectiveness can be replicated in the task of IE,where the target tasks involve specialized schema and quite abstractive entity or relation concepts.In this paper,we first examine the validity of LLMs in executing IE tasks with an established prompting strategy and further propose multiple types of augmented prompting methods,including the structured fundamental prompt(SFP),the structured interactive reasoning prompt(SIRP),and the voting-enabled structured interactive reasoning prompt(VESIRP).The experimental results demonstrate that while directly promotes inferior performance,the proposed augmented prompt methods significantly improve the extraction accuracy,achieving comparable or even better performance(e.g.,zero-shot FewNERD,FewNERD-INTRA)than state-of-theart methods that require large-scale training samples.This study represents a systematic exploration of employing instruction-following LLM for the task of IE.It not only establishes a performance benchmark for this novel paradigm but,more importantly,validates a practical technical pathway through the proposed prompt enhancement method,offering a viable solution for efficient IE in low-resource settings.展开更多
This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements(REEs)via solvent extraction technique.A stock solution containing lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,praseodymium,a...This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements(REEs)via solvent extraction technique.A stock solution containing lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,praseodymium,and samarium was prepared by dissolving their pure mixed oxide(reclaimed from spent Ni-MH batteries)in a diluted HCl solution.Key extractants,including bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid(Cyanex 272),Cyanex 572,trialkylphosphine oxide(Cyanex 923),and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(PC 88A),along with tributyl phosphate(TBP)as a phase modifier,were utilized to form organic systems.The extraction behavior and separability of these systems at various pH levels as well as their extraction mechanisms were investigated.The results demonstrated a direct relationship between the extraction trend and the experimental pH value,with enhanced selectivity when TBP was added.Notably,Nd and Pr exhibited similar extraction behaviors,with minor deviations from Ce,making their separation difficult to achieve.Sm extraction followed a distinct trend,allowing for its separation from other elements at pH≤2.In contrast,La exhibited a low affinity for coordination with extractants when pH was≤3.5,facilitating the separation of other elements from La,which could then be isolated in the raffinate.Among the studied organic systems,combinations of Cyanex 572 and PC 88A with TBP demonstrated superior performance in element separation.Optimum separation factors were calculated withβ_(Ce/La)=12,βNd/La=87,β_(Pr/La)=127,andβ_(Sm/La)=3191 for the former,andβ_(Sm/Ce)=54,β_(Sm/Nd)=20,andβ_(Sm/Pr)=14 for the latter.These findings provide valuable insights for selecting extraction systems and designing experiments for the effective solvent extraction separation of light REEs from their mixture.展开更多
Simultaneous recovery of Ni and Co from Fe(Ⅲ)and AI is a critical challenge in hydrometallurgical processes.Recognized solvent extraction systems often struggle with selectivity and effective performance in mixed met...Simultaneous recovery of Ni and Co from Fe(Ⅲ)and AI is a critical challenge in hydrometallurgical processes.Recognized solvent extraction systems often struggle with selectivity and effective performance in mixed metal ion environments.Herein,a new synergistic solvent extraction(SSX)system comprised of a novel pyridine analog,N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)dodecan-1-amine(BPMDA),and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid(DNNSA)with tributyl phosphate as phase modifier is introduced.The SSX system demonstrates high extraction performance achieving>90%for Ni and>97%for Co in a singlestage extraction process,with high selectivity.Under optimal conditions,the selectivity sequence is observed as Co^(2+)(>97%)>Ni^(2+)(>90%)>Mn^(2+)(<20%)>Fe^(3+)(<10%)>Mg^(2+)(<5%)>Al^(3+)(<2%)>Ca^(2+)(<1%).Spectroscopic analysis evidences the preferential binding of BPMDA with Ni and Co in the presence of DNNSA,concurrently achieving a significant reduction in the co-extraction of Fe(Ⅲ)and Al.The selective complexation of Ni and Co using the SSX system offers a highly efficient and selective approach for their extraction,with promising potential for applications in recovery-based processes.展开更多
Elemental doping of BiVO_(4) crystal lattices effectively enhances carrier separation,thereby facilitating efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.However,the positive effect of elementally induced lattice dist...Elemental doping of BiVO_(4) crystal lattices effectively enhances carrier separation,thereby facilitating efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.However,the positive effect of elementally induced lattice distortions on hole extraction has been neglected.Herein,the crystal lattice of BiVO_(4) is distorted by doping with an inexpensive Cs metal;then,CoFe_(2)O_(4) is used as an efficient hole-extraction layer to further modify the surface of the doped photoanode.Benefiting from the above design,the newly prepared CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Cs-BiVO_(4) photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 5.66 mA cm^(–2) at 1.23 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode,indicating a 3.9-fold improvement in photocurrent density.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations showed that the lattice distortion induced by Cs doping promoted the directional migration of BiVO_(4) bulk-phase holes to the CoFe_(2)O_(4) layer.Additionally,the coupled CoFe_(2)O_(4) can be used as a hole extraction layer to further enhance the interfacial migration of carriers.The synergistic effect of the two effectively promotes the directional migration of photogenerated carriers from the BiVO_(4) bulk phase to the active sites of the oxygen evolution reaction,thereby effectively inhibiting carrier recombination.This study revealed the positive effect of the dual-hole extraction strategy on solar energy conversion,thereby opening new avenues for the rational design of photoanodes.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the rem...[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest（6 873.7 μg/kg）,followed by shaking extraction（6 698.8 μg/kg）and ultrasonic extraction（5 737.6 μg/kg）.Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.展开更多
Using experimental data from a number of pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns, a unified correla- tion for the prediction of dispersed phase holdup that considers the effects of mass transfer is present...Using experimental data from a number of pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns, a unified correla- tion for the prediction of dispersed phase holdup that considers the effects of mass transfer is presented. Pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns （PDDC） have been used for a range of important applications such as ura- nium extraction and nuclear fuel recycling. Although the dispersed phase holdup in a PDDC has been presented by some researchers, there is still the need to develop a robust correlation that can predict the experimental dispersed phase holdup over a range of operating conditions including the effects of mass transfer direction. In this study, dis- persed phase holdup data from different literature sources for a PDDC were used to refit constants for the correlation presented by Kumar and Hartland lind. Eng. Chem. Res.,27 （1988）,131-138] which did not consider the effect of col- umn geometry. In order to incorporate the characteristic length of the PDDC （i.e. the plate spacing）, the unified cor- relation for holdup proposed by Kumar and Hartland based on data from eight different types of columns [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,34 （1995） 3925-3940] was refitted to the PDDC data. New constants have been presented for each hold- up correlation for a PDDC based on regression analysis using published holdup data from PDDCs that cover a range of onerating conditions and nhwical nronerties and consider the direction of mass transfer.展开更多
Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or...Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.展开更多
This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducte...This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.展开更多
Given the scarcity of Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)resources,it holds paramount importance to establish a comprehensive knowledge graph of SFO field(SFO-KG)and employ knowledge reasoning technology to automatical...Given the scarcity of Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)resources,it holds paramount importance to establish a comprehensive knowledge graph of SFO field(SFO-KG)and employ knowledge reasoning technology to automatically mine available SFO resources.An essential aspect of constructing SFO-KG is the extraction of Chinese entity relations.Unfortunately,there is currently no publicly available Chinese SFO entity Relation Extraction(RE)dataset.Moreover,publicly available SFO text data contain numerous NA(representing for“No Answer”)relation category sentences that resemble other relation sentences and pose challenges in accurate classification,resulting in low recall and precision for the NA relation category in entity RE.Consequently,this issue adversely affects both the accuracy of constructing the knowledge graph and the efficiency of RE processes.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a method for extracting Chinese SFO text entity relations based on dynamic integrated learning.This method includes the construction of a manually annotated Chinese SFO entity RE dataset and a classifier combining features of SFO resource data.The proposed approach combines integrated learning and pre-training models,specifically utilizing Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(BERT).In addition,it incorporates one-class classification,attention mechanisms,and dynamic feedback mechanisms to improve the performance of the RE model.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods in terms of F1 value when extracting entity relations from both balanced and long-tailed datasets.展开更多
The rapid development of electricity retail market has prompted an increasing number of electricity consumers to sign green electricity contracts with retail electricity companies,which poses greater challenges for th...The rapid development of electricity retail market has prompted an increasing number of electricity consumers to sign green electricity contracts with retail electricity companies,which poses greater challenges for the market service for green energy consumers.This study proposed a two-stage feature extraction approach for green energy consumers leveraging clustering and termfrequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)algorithms within a knowledge graph framework to provide an information basis that supports the green development of the retail electricity market.First,the multi-source heterogeneous data of green energy consumers under an actual market environment is systematically introduced and the information is categorized into discrete,interval,and relational features.A clustering algorithm was employed to extract features of the trading behavior of green energy consumers in the first stage using the parameter data of green retail electricity contracts.Then,TF-IDF algorithm was applied in the second stage to extract features for green energy consumers in different clusters.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated based on the actual operational data in a southern province of China.It is shown that the most significant discrepancy between the retail trading behaviors of green energy consumers is the power share of green retail packages,whose averaged values are 25.64%,50%,39.66%,and 24.89%in four different clusters,respectively.Additionally,power supply bureaus and electricity retail companies affects the behavior of the green energy consumers most significantly.展开更多
In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shippi...In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making.展开更多
With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions...With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.展开更多
Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigat...Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigates the influence of different extraction methods(room temperature water extraction,boiling water extraction,ultrasonic-assisted room temperature water extraction,and ultrasonic-assisted boiling water extraction,referred to as room temperature water extraction(RE),boiling water extraction(BE),ultrasonic assistance at room temperature water extraction(URE),and ultrasonic assistance in boiling water extraction(UBE))on the yield,dihydromyricetin(DMY)content,free amino acid composition,volatile aroma components,and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Results:A notable influence of extraction temperature on the yield of vine tea extracts(P<0.05),with BE yielding the highest at 43.13±0.26%,higher than that of RE(34.29±0.81%).Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the DMY content of the extracts(P<0.05),whereas DMY content in the RE extracts was 59.94±1.70%,that of URE reached 66.14±2.78%.Analysis revealed 17 amino acids,with L-serine and aspartic acid being the most abundant in the extracts,nevertheless ultrasound-assisted extraction reduced total free amino acid content.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated an increase in the diversity and quantity of compounds in the vine tea water extracts obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction.Specifically,69 and 68 volatile compounds were found in URE and UBE extracts,which were higher than the number found in RE and BE extracts.In vitro,antioxidant activity assessments revealed varying antioxidant capacities among different extraction methods,with RE exhibiting the highest DPPH scavenging rate,URE leading in ABTS•+free radical scavenging,and BE demonstrating superior ferric ion reducing antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The findings suggest that extraction methods significantly influence the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction proved instrumental in elevating the DMY content in vine tea extracts,thereby enriching its flavor profile while maintaining its antioxidant properties.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of ...This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of chickpea protein isolate(CPI).Compared with the non-ultrasound group,ultrasound treatment at 400 W resulted in the largest increase in CPI yield,and both the particle size and turbidity decreased with increasing ultrasound power from 0 to 400 W.The scanning electron microscope results showed a uniform structural distribution of CPI.Moreover,itsα-helix content increased,β-sheet content decreased,and total sulfhydryl group content and endogenous fluorescence intensity rose,illustrating that UAE changed the secondary and tertiary structure of CPI.At 400 W,the solubility of the emulsion increased to 63.18%,and the best emulsifying properties were obtained;the emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsifying stability index(ESI)increased by 85.42%and 46.78%,respectively.Furthermore,the emulsion droplets formed were smaller and more uniform.In conclusion,proper UAE power conditions increased the extraction yield and protein content of CPI,and effectively improved its structure and emulsifying characteristics.展开更多
Soil DNA extraction,such as microbial community analysis and gene drift detection,is an important basis for multiple analyses in different fields.Nevertheless,the soil DNA extraction methods for field detection are st...Soil DNA extraction,such as microbial community analysis and gene drift detection,is an important basis for multiple analyses in different fields.Nevertheless,the soil DNA extraction methods for field detection are still lacking.This study established a rapid soil DNA extraction(RSDE)method that can be used in field detection.In this method,we first utilized the optimized lysate to isolate DNA from soil and then used a filtration membrane and a DNA adsorption membrane to purify the DNA via the column method.Moreover,we used the pressure from the syringe instead of the conventional centrifugal force of the centrifuge to assist the sample filtration,resulting in very low requirements for this method,with an extraction time of less than 20 min.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the RSDE method was applicable for DNA extraction from different types of soils,with the demand for soil samples as low as 0.1 g and that the amount of obtained DNA was,to some extent,greater than that obtained by a commercial kit.Further analysis revealed that this extracted genomic DNA can be used directly for polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,including ordinary PCR,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,and recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a visual assays.In addition,we demonstrated that this method can be used to extract DNA from residual plant roots in addition to soil microbes,which lays a foundation for the comprehensive analysis of soil plants and microorganisms.In summary,the RSDE method proposed in this study may have wide application prospects.展开更多
Kinetics of Co（II） extraction from sulfate aqueous solution by the sodium salt of di-decylphosphinic acid （Na-DDPA） was studied using a modified Lewis cell to disclose the mechanism of extraction. Parameters affec...Kinetics of Co（II） extraction from sulfate aqueous solution by the sodium salt of di-decylphosphinic acid （Na-DDPA） was studied using a modified Lewis cell to disclose the mechanism of extraction. Parameters affecting the extraction rate, such as stirring speed, temperature, interfacial area, Na-DDPA concentration and Co（II） concentration, were investigated, respectively. The effect of diffusion resistance on extraction rate was negligible when the stirring operation was conducted in a plateau region of 95-110 r/min. Extraction rate increased with the increase in the temperature or specific interfacial area. The activation energy E was calculated to be 32.75 kJ/mol. These suggested that rate controlling mechanism of Co（II） extraction by Na-DDPA was chemical reaction regime and the rate-determining step of Co（II） extraction was chemical reaction at the interface. The initial extraction rate also increased with the increase in the concentrations of Na-DDPA and Co（II）. The extraction rate equation and mechanism of Co（II） extraction by Na-DDPA were proposed.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthen...[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.展开更多
文摘As Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)constitute scarce natural resources,constructing a Satellite Frequency and Orbit Knowledge Graph(SFO-KG)becomes crucial for optimizing their utilization.In the process of building the SFO-KG from Chinese unstructured data,extracting Chinese entity relations is the fundamental step.Although Relation Extraction(RE)methods in the English field have been extensively studied and developed earlier than their Chinese counterparts,their direct application to Chinese texts faces significant challenges due to linguistic distinctions such as unique grammar,pictographic characters,and prevalent polysemy.The absence of comprehensive reviews on Chinese RE research progress necessitates a systematic investigation.A thorough review of Chinese RE has been conducted from four methodological approaches:pipeline RE,joint entityrelation extraction,open domain RE,and multimodal RE techniques.In addition,we further analyze the essential research infrastructure,including specialized datasets,evaluation benchmarks,and competitions within Chinese RE research.Finally,the current research challenges and development trends in the field of Chinese RE were summarized and analyzed from the perspectives of ecological construction methods for datasets,open domain RE,N-ary RE,and RE based on large language models.This comprehensive review aims to facilitate SFO-KG construction and its practical applications in SFO resource management.
基金funding from Key Areas Science and Technology Research Plan of Xinjiang Production And Construction Corps Financial Science and Technology Plan Project under Grant Agreement No.2023AB048 for the project:Research and Application Demonstration of Data-driven Elderly Care System.
文摘In recent years,with the rapid development of deep learning technology,relational triplet extraction techniques have also achieved groundbreaking progress.Traditional pipeline models have certain limitations due to error propagation.To overcome the limitations of traditional pipeline models,recent research has focused on jointly modeling the two key subtasks-named entity recognition and relation extraction-within a unified framework.To support future research,this paper provides a comprehensive review of recently published studies in the field of relational triplet extraction.The review examines commonly used public datasets for relational triplet extraction techniques and systematically reviews current mainstream joint extraction methods,including joint decoding methods and parameter sharing methods,with joint decoding methods further divided into table filling,tagging,and sequence-to-sequence approaches.In addition,this paper also conducts small-scale replication experiments on models that have performed well in recent years for each method to verify the reproducibility of the code and to compare the performance of different models under uniform conditions.Each method has its own advantages in terms of model design,task handling,and application scenarios,but also faces challenges such as processing complex sentence structures,cross-sentence relation extraction,and adaptability in low-resource environments.Finally,this paper systematically summarizes each method and discusses the future development prospects of joint extraction of relational triples.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province
文摘Solid phase extraction （SPE） is a widely used sample pretreatment method for separation, purification and enrichment, which has been established due to its significant advantages of time-saving, low consumption of solvent, high enrichment factor, high accuracy, etc. In recent years, a variety of new SPE methods such as molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction （MISPE）, magnetic solid phase extraction （MSPE）, solid phase micro-extraction （SPME）, etc., which are superior to the conventional SPE, have been developed and been widely applied to food, drugs, and environmental monitoring. In this paper, the basic principles and methods of SPE and its new applications in different areas are reviewed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62222212).
文摘Information extraction(IE)aims to automatically identify and extract information about specific interests from raw texts.Despite the abundance of solutions based on fine-tuning pretrained language models,IE in the context of fewshot and zero-shot scenarios remains highly challenging due to the scarcity of training data.Large language models(LLMs),on the other hand,can generalize well to unseen tasks with few-shot demonstrations or even zero-shot instructions and have demonstrated impressive ability for a wide range of natural language understanding or generation tasks.Nevertheless,it is unclear,whether such effectiveness can be replicated in the task of IE,where the target tasks involve specialized schema and quite abstractive entity or relation concepts.In this paper,we first examine the validity of LLMs in executing IE tasks with an established prompting strategy and further propose multiple types of augmented prompting methods,including the structured fundamental prompt(SFP),the structured interactive reasoning prompt(SIRP),and the voting-enabled structured interactive reasoning prompt(VESIRP).The experimental results demonstrate that while directly promotes inferior performance,the proposed augmented prompt methods significantly improve the extraction accuracy,achieving comparable or even better performance(e.g.,zero-shot FewNERD,FewNERD-INTRA)than state-of-theart methods that require large-scale training samples.This study represents a systematic exploration of employing instruction-following LLM for the task of IE.It not only establishes a performance benchmark for this novel paradigm but,more importantly,validates a practical technical pathway through the proposed prompt enhancement method,offering a viable solution for efficient IE in low-resource settings.
基金support from the Australian Research Council’s Industrial Transformation Research Hub funding scheme(project IH190100009).
文摘This study details a comprehensive approach focusing on the effective separation of light rare earth elements(REEs)via solvent extraction technique.A stock solution containing lanthanum,cerium,neodymium,praseodymium,and samarium was prepared by dissolving their pure mixed oxide(reclaimed from spent Ni-MH batteries)in a diluted HCl solution.Key extractants,including bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid(Cyanex 272),Cyanex 572,trialkylphosphine oxide(Cyanex 923),and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester(PC 88A),along with tributyl phosphate(TBP)as a phase modifier,were utilized to form organic systems.The extraction behavior and separability of these systems at various pH levels as well as their extraction mechanisms were investigated.The results demonstrated a direct relationship between the extraction trend and the experimental pH value,with enhanced selectivity when TBP was added.Notably,Nd and Pr exhibited similar extraction behaviors,with minor deviations from Ce,making their separation difficult to achieve.Sm extraction followed a distinct trend,allowing for its separation from other elements at pH≤2.In contrast,La exhibited a low affinity for coordination with extractants when pH was≤3.5,facilitating the separation of other elements from La,which could then be isolated in the raffinate.Among the studied organic systems,combinations of Cyanex 572 and PC 88A with TBP demonstrated superior performance in element separation.Optimum separation factors were calculated withβ_(Ce/La)=12,βNd/La=87,β_(Pr/La)=127,andβ_(Sm/La)=3191 for the former,andβ_(Sm/Ce)=54,β_(Sm/Nd)=20,andβ_(Sm/Pr)=14 for the latter.These findings provide valuable insights for selecting extraction systems and designing experiments for the effective solvent extraction separation of light REEs from their mixture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278407,22001147,21922814,22138012,22178349)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2021YFC2901500)Excellent Member in Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y202014)Shandong Energy Institute(SEI U202306).
文摘Simultaneous recovery of Ni and Co from Fe(Ⅲ)and AI is a critical challenge in hydrometallurgical processes.Recognized solvent extraction systems often struggle with selectivity and effective performance in mixed metal ion environments.Herein,a new synergistic solvent extraction(SSX)system comprised of a novel pyridine analog,N,N-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)dodecan-1-amine(BPMDA),and dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid(DNNSA)with tributyl phosphate as phase modifier is introduced.The SSX system demonstrates high extraction performance achieving>90%for Ni and>97%for Co in a singlestage extraction process,with high selectivity.Under optimal conditions,the selectivity sequence is observed as Co^(2+)(>97%)>Ni^(2+)(>90%)>Mn^(2+)(<20%)>Fe^(3+)(<10%)>Mg^(2+)(<5%)>Al^(3+)(<2%)>Ca^(2+)(<1%).Spectroscopic analysis evidences the preferential binding of BPMDA with Ni and Co in the presence of DNNSA,concurrently achieving a significant reduction in the co-extraction of Fe(Ⅲ)and Al.The selective complexation of Ni and Co using the SSX system offers a highly efficient and selective approach for their extraction,with promising potential for applications in recovery-based processes.
文摘Elemental doping of BiVO_(4) crystal lattices effectively enhances carrier separation,thereby facilitating efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting.However,the positive effect of elementally induced lattice distortions on hole extraction has been neglected.Herein,the crystal lattice of BiVO_(4) is distorted by doping with an inexpensive Cs metal;then,CoFe_(2)O_(4) is used as an efficient hole-extraction layer to further modify the surface of the doped photoanode.Benefiting from the above design,the newly prepared CoFe_(2)O_(4)-Cs-BiVO_(4) photoanode achieved a photocurrent density of 5.66 mA cm^(–2) at 1.23 V vs.a reversible hydrogen electrode,indicating a 3.9-fold improvement in photocurrent density.Detailed physicochemical characterization and density functional theory calculations showed that the lattice distortion induced by Cs doping promoted the directional migration of BiVO_(4) bulk-phase holes to the CoFe_(2)O_(4) layer.Additionally,the coupled CoFe_(2)O_(4) can be used as a hole extraction layer to further enhance the interfacial migration of carriers.The synergistic effect of the two effectively promotes the directional migration of photogenerated carriers from the BiVO_(4) bulk phase to the active sites of the oxygen evolution reaction,thereby effectively inhibiting carrier recombination.This study revealed the positive effect of the dual-hole extraction strategy on solar energy conversion,thereby opening new avenues for the rational design of photoanodes.
基金Supported by Important Direction Project of Knowledge Innovation Program in Chinese Academy of Science(KZCX2-YW-446)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest（6 873.7 μg/kg）,followed by shaking extraction（6 698.8 μg/kg）and ultrasonic extraction（5 737.6 μg/kg）.Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.
文摘Using experimental data from a number of pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns, a unified correla- tion for the prediction of dispersed phase holdup that considers the effects of mass transfer is presented. Pulsed disc and doughnut solvent extraction columns （PDDC） have been used for a range of important applications such as ura- nium extraction and nuclear fuel recycling. Although the dispersed phase holdup in a PDDC has been presented by some researchers, there is still the need to develop a robust correlation that can predict the experimental dispersed phase holdup over a range of operating conditions including the effects of mass transfer direction. In this study, dis- persed phase holdup data from different literature sources for a PDDC were used to refit constants for the correlation presented by Kumar and Hartland lind. Eng. Chem. Res.,27 （1988）,131-138] which did not consider the effect of col- umn geometry. In order to incorporate the characteristic length of the PDDC （i.e. the plate spacing）, the unified cor- relation for holdup proposed by Kumar and Hartland based on data from eight different types of columns [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,34 （1995） 3925-3940] was refitted to the PDDC data. New constants have been presented for each hold- up correlation for a PDDC based on regression analysis using published holdup data from PDDCs that cover a range of onerating conditions and nhwical nronerties and consider the direction of mass transfer.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074031)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(ZR2021MB051,ZR2020ME256)the Open Project of Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education(GCP202117)。
文摘Solvent extraction is the main method used to separate and purify rare earth elements.In the process of rare earths extraction,emulsification often generated due to the instability of the aqueous and organic phases or improper operating conditions.Once emulsification occurs,it would not only lead to low rare earths recovery efficiency,small product quantities,high production costs and the losing of extractant and rare earth resources,but also result in serious environmental pollution.Therefore,it is very important to study the micro-mechanisms of emulsification and establish new methods to prevent emulsification at the source.In this paper,possible factors resulting in emulsification,such as the compositions and properties of the organic and aqueous phases,the operating conditions of the rare earths extraction are reviewed.The micro-mechanisms of emulsification are summarized basing on the microscopic structures in the bulk phase,aggregations of the extractants at the organic-aqueous interface,spectral characterizations and computational simulations.On this basis,new formation mechanisms are proposed for emulsification.Preliminary explorations are employed to verify the correctness of these new viewpoints.Finally,future directions for studies of the emulsification micro-mechanism are proposed.This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the micro-mechanisms of interfacial instability resulting in emulsification in the process of rare earths extraction.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20148)the Major Science and Technology Projects of the Xizang(Tibet)Autonomous Region(XZ202201ZD0004G and XZ202201ZD0004G01).
文摘This research optimized the structure of lithium extraction solar ponds to enhance the crystallization rate and yield of Li_(2)CO_(3).Using the response surface methodology in Design-Expert 10.0.3,the authors conducted experiments to investigate the influence of four factors related to solar pond structure on the crystallization of Li_(2)CO_(3) and their pairwise interactions.Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations of the flow field within the solar pond were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to compare temperature distributions before and after optimization.The results indicate that the optimal structure for lithium extraction from the Zabuye Salt Lake solar ponds includes UCZ(Upper Convective Zone)thickness of 53.63 cm,an LCZ(Lower Convective Zone)direct heating temperature of 57.39℃,a CO32−concentration of 32.21 g/L,and an added soda ash concentration of 6.52 g/L.Following this optimized pathway,the Li_(2)CO_(3) precipitation increased by 7.34% compared to the initial solar pond process,with a 33.33% improvement in lithium carbonate crystallization rate.This study demonstrates the feasibility of optimizing lithium extraction solar pond structures,offering a new approach for constructing such ponds in salt lakes.It provides valuable guidance for the efficient extraction of lithium resources from carbonate-type salt lake brines.
文摘Given the scarcity of Satellite Frequency and Orbit(SFO)resources,it holds paramount importance to establish a comprehensive knowledge graph of SFO field(SFO-KG)and employ knowledge reasoning technology to automatically mine available SFO resources.An essential aspect of constructing SFO-KG is the extraction of Chinese entity relations.Unfortunately,there is currently no publicly available Chinese SFO entity Relation Extraction(RE)dataset.Moreover,publicly available SFO text data contain numerous NA(representing for“No Answer”)relation category sentences that resemble other relation sentences and pose challenges in accurate classification,resulting in low recall and precision for the NA relation category in entity RE.Consequently,this issue adversely affects both the accuracy of constructing the knowledge graph and the efficiency of RE processes.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a method for extracting Chinese SFO text entity relations based on dynamic integrated learning.This method includes the construction of a manually annotated Chinese SFO entity RE dataset and a classifier combining features of SFO resource data.The proposed approach combines integrated learning and pre-training models,specifically utilizing Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(BERT).In addition,it incorporates one-class classification,attention mechanisms,and dynamic feedback mechanisms to improve the performance of the RE model.Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional methods in terms of F1 value when extracting entity relations from both balanced and long-tailed datasets.
基金support by the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Power Exchange Center Co.,Ltd.(No.GDKJXM20222599)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52207104)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515010426).
文摘The rapid development of electricity retail market has prompted an increasing number of electricity consumers to sign green electricity contracts with retail electricity companies,which poses greater challenges for the market service for green energy consumers.This study proposed a two-stage feature extraction approach for green energy consumers leveraging clustering and termfrequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)algorithms within a knowledge graph framework to provide an information basis that supports the green development of the retail electricity market.First,the multi-source heterogeneous data of green energy consumers under an actual market environment is systematically introduced and the information is categorized into discrete,interval,and relational features.A clustering algorithm was employed to extract features of the trading behavior of green energy consumers in the first stage using the parameter data of green retail electricity contracts.Then,TF-IDF algorithm was applied in the second stage to extract features for green energy consumers in different clusters.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated based on the actual operational data in a southern province of China.It is shown that the most significant discrepancy between the retail trading behaviors of green energy consumers is the power share of green retail packages,whose averaged values are 25.64%,50%,39.66%,and 24.89%in four different clusters,respectively.Additionally,power supply bureaus and electricity retail companies affects the behavior of the green energy consumers most significantly.
文摘In the international shipping industry, digital intelligence transformation has become essential, with both governments and enterprises actively working to integrate diverse datasets. The domain of maritime and shipping is characterized by a vast array of document types, filled with complex, large-scale, and often chaotic knowledge and relationships. Effectively managing these documents is crucial for developing a Large Language Model (LLM) in the maritime domain, enabling practitioners to access and leverage valuable information. A Knowledge Graph (KG) offers a state-of-the-art solution for enhancing knowledge retrieval, providing more accurate responses and enabling context-aware reasoning. This paper presents a framework for utilizing maritime and shipping documents to construct a knowledge graph using GraphRAG, a hybrid tool combining graph-based retrieval and generation capabilities. The extraction of entities and relationships from these documents and the KG construction process are detailed. Furthermore, the KG is integrated with an LLM to develop a Q&A system, demonstrating that the system significantly improves answer accuracy compared to traditional LLMs. Additionally, the KG construction process is up to 50% faster than conventional LLM-based approaches, underscoring the efficiency of our method. This study provides a promising approach to digital intelligence in shipping, advancing knowledge accessibility and decision-making.
文摘With the rapid expansion of social media,analyzing emotions and their causes in texts has gained significant importance.Emotion-cause pair extraction enables the identification of causal relationships between emotions and their triggers within a text,facilitating a deeper understanding of expressed sentiments and their underlying reasons.This comprehension is crucial for making informed strategic decisions in various business and societal contexts.However,recent research approaches employing multi-task learning frameworks for modeling often face challenges such as the inability to simultaneouslymodel extracted features and their interactions,or inconsistencies in label prediction between emotion-cause pair extraction and independent assistant tasks like emotion and cause extraction.To address these issues,this study proposes an emotion-cause pair extraction methodology that incorporates joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms.The model consists of two primary components:First,joint feature encoding simultaneously generates features for emotion-cause pairs and clauses,enhancing feature interactions between emotion clauses,cause clauses,and emotion-cause pairs.Second,the task alignment technique is applied to reduce the labeling distance between emotion-cause pair extraction and the two assistant tasks,capturing deep semantic information interactions among tasks.The proposed method is evaluated on a Chinese benchmark corpus using 10-fold cross-validation,assessing key performance metrics such as precision,recall,and F1 score.Experimental results demonstrate that the model achieves an F1 score of 76.05%,surpassing the state-of-the-art by 1.03%.The proposed model exhibits significant improvements in emotion-cause pair extraction(ECPE)and cause extraction(CE)compared to existing methods,validating its effectiveness.This research introduces a novel approach based on joint feature encoding and task alignment mechanisms,contributing to advancements in emotion-cause pair extraction.However,the study’s limitation lies in the data sources,potentially restricting the generalizability of the findings.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China(No.2022NK2036)Xiangxi Prefecture Science and Technology Plan Project"School-Local Integration"Special Project(No.2022001)the scientific research project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.22B0520).
文摘Background:Ampelopsis grossedentata,vine tea,which is the tea alternative beverages in China.In vine tea processing,a large amount of broken tea is produced,which has low commercial value.Methods:This study investigates the influence of different extraction methods(room temperature water extraction,boiling water extraction,ultrasonic-assisted room temperature water extraction,and ultrasonic-assisted boiling water extraction,referred to as room temperature water extraction(RE),boiling water extraction(BE),ultrasonic assistance at room temperature water extraction(URE),and ultrasonic assistance in boiling water extraction(UBE))on the yield,dihydromyricetin(DMY)content,free amino acid composition,volatile aroma components,and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Results:A notable influence of extraction temperature on the yield of vine tea extracts(P<0.05),with BE yielding the highest at 43.13±0.26%,higher than that of RE(34.29±0.81%).Ultrasound-assisted extraction significantly increased the DMY content of the extracts(P<0.05),whereas DMY content in the RE extracts was 59.94±1.70%,that of URE reached 66.14±2.78%.Analysis revealed 17 amino acids,with L-serine and aspartic acid being the most abundant in the extracts,nevertheless ultrasound-assisted extraction reduced total free amino acid content.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated an increase in the diversity and quantity of compounds in the vine tea water extracts obtained through ultrasonic-assisted extraction.Specifically,69 and 68 volatile compounds were found in URE and UBE extracts,which were higher than the number found in RE and BE extracts.In vitro,antioxidant activity assessments revealed varying antioxidant capacities among different extraction methods,with RE exhibiting the highest DPPH scavenging rate,URE leading in ABTS•+free radical scavenging,and BE demonstrating superior ferric ion reducing antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The findings suggest that extraction methods significantly influence the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of vine tea extracts.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction proved instrumental in elevating the DMY content in vine tea extracts,thereby enriching its flavor profile while maintaining its antioxidant properties.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effect of ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction(UAE)(at 20 kHz and different powers of 0,200,300,400,500 and 600 W for 10 min)on the yield,structure and emulsifying properties of chickpea protein isolate(CPI).Compared with the non-ultrasound group,ultrasound treatment at 400 W resulted in the largest increase in CPI yield,and both the particle size and turbidity decreased with increasing ultrasound power from 0 to 400 W.The scanning electron microscope results showed a uniform structural distribution of CPI.Moreover,itsα-helix content increased,β-sheet content decreased,and total sulfhydryl group content and endogenous fluorescence intensity rose,illustrating that UAE changed the secondary and tertiary structure of CPI.At 400 W,the solubility of the emulsion increased to 63.18%,and the best emulsifying properties were obtained;the emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsifying stability index(ESI)increased by 85.42%and 46.78%,respectively.Furthermore,the emulsion droplets formed were smaller and more uniform.In conclusion,proper UAE power conditions increased the extraction yield and protein content of CPI,and effectively improved its structure and emulsifying characteristics.
基金the Experimental Technology Research Project of Zhejiang University(SYB202138)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000195).
文摘Soil DNA extraction,such as microbial community analysis and gene drift detection,is an important basis for multiple analyses in different fields.Nevertheless,the soil DNA extraction methods for field detection are still lacking.This study established a rapid soil DNA extraction(RSDE)method that can be used in field detection.In this method,we first utilized the optimized lysate to isolate DNA from soil and then used a filtration membrane and a DNA adsorption membrane to purify the DNA via the column method.Moreover,we used the pressure from the syringe instead of the conventional centrifugal force of the centrifuge to assist the sample filtration,resulting in very low requirements for this method,with an extraction time of less than 20 min.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the RSDE method was applicable for DNA extraction from different types of soils,with the demand for soil samples as low as 0.1 g and that the amount of obtained DNA was,to some extent,greater than that obtained by a commercial kit.Further analysis revealed that this extracted genomic DNA can be used directly for polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,including ordinary PCR,real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,and recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12a visual assays.In addition,we demonstrated that this method can be used to extract DNA from residual plant roots in addition to soil microbes,which lays a foundation for the comprehensive analysis of soil plants and microorganisms.In summary,the RSDE method proposed in this study may have wide application prospects.
基金Projects (50734005, 51074096) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2012AA06A110) supported by the Hitech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject (2012BAB07B01) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program, China
文摘Kinetics of Co（II） extraction from sulfate aqueous solution by the sodium salt of di-decylphosphinic acid （Na-DDPA） was studied using a modified Lewis cell to disclose the mechanism of extraction. Parameters affecting the extraction rate, such as stirring speed, temperature, interfacial area, Na-DDPA concentration and Co（II） concentration, were investigated, respectively. The effect of diffusion resistance on extraction rate was negligible when the stirring operation was conducted in a plateau region of 95-110 r/min. Extraction rate increased with the increase in the temperature or specific interfacial area. The activation energy E was calculated to be 32.75 kJ/mol. These suggested that rate controlling mechanism of Co（II） extraction by Na-DDPA was chemical reaction regime and the rate-determining step of Co（II） extraction was chemical reaction at the interface. The initial extraction rate also increased with the increase in the concentrations of Na-DDPA and Co（II）. The extraction rate equation and mechanism of Co（II） extraction by Na-DDPA were proposed.
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the optimal extraction conditions for anthocyanins from defatted Lycium ruthenicum Murray using ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.[Methods]Anthocyanins were extracted from wild L.ruthenicum in Qinghai Province using ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction.Through single-factor and orthogonal experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows:temperature 50℃,solid-liquid ratio 1:15(g/mL),ethanol concentration 60%(v/v),and ultrasonic extraction time 25 min.Under these conditions,the anthocyanin content of L.ruthenicum was quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 280 nm.[Results]The extraction yield of anthocyanins from wild Qinghai L.ruthenicum was 17.0 mg/g,which is superior to the yield of 10.0 mg/g obtained by water solvent extraction,representing a 0.7%increase in extraction rate.The anthocyanin content in L.ruthenicum from different regions was determined,revealing that samples from the Chaidamu area in Qinghai had the highest content(17.3 mg/g),while samples from the Gansu area had the lowest(12.0 mg/g).[Conclusions]Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction technology offers advantages including rapid operation,low energy consumption,high extraction yield,simple detection,and safety.
