Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and bra...Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.展开更多
Background and objective:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian function and ovarian cancer cell growth. In this study, we determined whether administration of the G...Background and objective:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian function and ovarian cancer cell growth. In this study, we determined whether administration of the GnRH agonist (GnRHa), triporelin, prior to cisplatin treatment affects cisplatin and/or prevents cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. Methods:nu/nu mice were injected with ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells intraperitoneally. After two weeks, the mice were treated with saline (control), cisplatin, GnRHa, or cisplatin plus GnRHa for four weeks. At the end of the experimental protocol, blood, tumor, ovary, and uterine tissues were resected for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical analyses of Ki67, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and caspase-3, transmission electron microscopy of apoptosis, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Results:Cisplatin treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth in mice treated with human ovarian cancer cells; however the treatment also induced considerable toxicity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that Ki67 expression was reduced in cisplatin-treated mice compared to control (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant differences between cisplatin-treated mice and cisplatin plus GnRHa-treated mice (P>0.05), while expressions of NF-κB and caspase-3 were reduced and induced, respectively, in cisplatin-treated mice and cisplatin plus GnRHa-treated mice. Apoptosis occurred in the GnRHa, cisplatin, and cisplatin plus GnRHa-treated mice, but not in control mice. Ovaries exposed to GnRHa in both GnRHa mice and cisplatin-treated mice (combination group) had significantly more primordial and growth follicles and serum levels of AMH than those in the control mice and cisplatin-treated mice (P<0.05). Conclusions:Administration of GnRHa to mice significantly decreased the extent of ovarian damage induced by cisplatin, but did not affect the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin.展开更多
Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structur...Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The standardized temporal bone sectioning is oriented to a plane parallel to the outer and internal auditory canals. Sections are collected from the epitympanum to the hypotympanum to reveal layers in the order of the crista ampullaris of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, macula utriculi and macula sacculi, superior vestibular ganglion neurons, macula of saccule and inferior vestibular ganglion neurons, cochlear modiolus, endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac, and finally the crista ampullaris of the posterior semicircular canal. Moreover, technical details of preparing for temporal bone sectioning including fixation, decalcification, whole temporal bone staining, embedding penetration, and embedding orientation are also discussed.展开更多
AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pig...AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.展开更多
By injection of C-BSA. immune-complex in situ type glomerulonephritis was duplicated in rabbits and treated with Mai-Luo-Tong and natural Indigo.The resuts showed that proteinuria in the treated groups M and Q was dec...By injection of C-BSA. immune-complex in situ type glomerulonephritis was duplicated in rabbits and treated with Mai-Luo-Tong and natural Indigo.The resuts showed that proteinuria in the treated groups M and Q was decreased.The difference between group M and control group is statistically significant (P<0.05). Under light and electron microscope.although glomerular basement membrane was irregularly thickened and subepithelial dense electron deposited in the treated group, but microthromhus. erythrocytes and platelets aggregation and leukocytes impaction were not seen within glomerular capillaries. Also in groups C,Q,M, mesenteric cell count was 99. 40±18.53,92.87±17. 89,66. 55±7.75 respectively,the M.Q groups are compared with group C, the result is of statistical significance(P<0.05)and there is no apparent glomerular fibrosis in the treated groups.展开更多
In order to detect the role of NO to the secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). NOS in the injury site (T\-8) were studied using a rat SCI model induced by Allens weight drop method (10 g2.5 cm). The res...In order to detect the role of NO to the secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). NOS in the injury site (T\-8) were studied using a rat SCI model induced by Allens weight drop method (10 g2.5 cm). The results suggested that activities of NOS significantly increased in 10 min\, 1\,2\,4\,8 h. The results indicated that NO was related to SCI. The rise of NO following SCI might lead to secondary spinal cord damage.\;展开更多
To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods： Sixty SPF-class male DS rats wer...To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods： Sixty SPF-class male DS rats were divided into 2 groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats were examined by using the physiological multi-detector, and the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure were observed. Results： The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion： Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.展开更多
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of somatostatin (SS) receptor,a brain-gut peptide receptor which is capable of inhibiting central neurons, on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).By ...The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of somatostatin (SS) receptor,a brain-gut peptide receptor which is capable of inhibiting central neurons, on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).By means of radioligand binding assay, SS receptors in crude synaptosomal membrane of rat brains were investigated in a rat model of HE induced by partial hepatectomy following carbon tetrachloride intoxication and in controls. Binding to SS receptor was studied using125 I-SS as radiolgand Scatchard analysis of binding data was linear, yielding a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.99 ±0.22 nmol/L and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 238± 14.2 fmol/mg of protein in HE rats.Only increased Bmax values were observed (P< 0.005),while the Kd values were statistically unchanged (P>0.50),in HE rats as compared with those in controls.The results suggest that the changes of SS receptors in brains play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HE.The mechanism of HE induced by the alterations of SS receptors in the brains was discussed in this paper.展开更多
The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital ...The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital importance to the planning,supply and use of teaching animals,the realization of teaching objectives and the completion of teaching tasks.Based on the supply of teaching experimental animals and the work of animal experimental teaching in our university in recent years,this paper expounds the inherent characteristics and practice of supply and demand of teaching experimental animals.展开更多
Rupture of the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequent tendon injuries in humans. However, there is no standard surgical technique thus far to reproduce complete rupture of this tendon in rats. Surgical procedures...Rupture of the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequent tendon injuries in humans. However, there is no standard surgical technique thus far to reproduce complete rupture of this tendon in rats. Surgical procedures were performed in Wistar rats under light microscopy, with posterior longitudinal incision and preservation of the plantaris tendon. The animals were sacrificed on 2nd and 8th postoperative week and we used hematoxilin and eosin, picrosirius-red and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin to observe general tendon healing. The mean operative time was one minute and 24 seconds. Histological studies showed cellular proliferation and fibrillogenesis at two weeks, with decreased amounts of cellularity and elastic fibers at the 8th week, besides changes in structural organization of collagen fibers. The complete Achilles tenotomy in rats, was improved under light microscopy and sparing the plantaris tendon. This surgical technique was simple and quick, showed signs of normal healing process, could be easily reproducible, and triggered translational researches in this area.展开更多
Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of tibial transverse bone transfer in the treatment of lower limb ulcer wounds in diabetic rabbits.Methods Animal models of diabetic foot lower extremity ischemia we...Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of tibial transverse bone transfer in the treatment of lower limb ulcer wounds in diabetic rabbits.Methods Animal models of diabetic foot lower extremity ischemia were made,and grouped Animal models of diabetic foot lower extremity ischemia were made,and grouped control studies were designed to evaluate the time of wound healing and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),platelet derived growth factor(PDGF),and epidermal cell growth factor(EGF)in the wound during the same period of time.Results In animal experiments,transverse tibial bone transfer can shorten the healing time of diabetic ulcer and increase the expression of wound growth factor(VEGF,PDGF,EGF).Conclusion In animal experiments,diabetes can inhibit the expression of growth factors(VEGF,PDGF,EGF)in ulcer wounds,and tibial transverse bone transfer can promote wound healing.The mechanism may be related to the increased expression of VEGF,PDGF and EGF in the wound surface.展开更多
Depression manifests as an enduring experience of sorrow and a loss of interest,appetite,and engagement.Currently,no study has systematically reviewed the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine Banxia-Houpo-Tang(BHT)for ...Depression manifests as an enduring experience of sorrow and a loss of interest,appetite,and engagement.Currently,no study has systematically reviewed the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine Banxia-Houpo-Tang(BHT)for the treatment of depression in animal experimental research.This systematic review sought to provide evidence regarding the efficacy and molecular mechanism of BHT for depression.Fifteen electronic databases were searched until November 23,2023.Two researchers individually screened abstracts and full texts for inclusion,extracted data,and assessed the quality of included studies using the risk of bias tool from the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation.We conducted the meta-analysis for behavior and biological outcomes.Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were conducted to predict the key contributors to BHT’s antidepressant effects.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.This review included 23 studies.The meta-analysis indicated that BHT considerably reduced immobility time in the forced swim test(SMD=−2.89,95%CI:−3.92 to−1.87,P<0.00001,I2=93%),and tail suspended swim test(SMD=−2.70,95%CI:−3.64 to−1.76,P<0.00001,I2=90%),and increased movement in open field tests(SMD=0.62,95%CI:0.25–1.00,P=0.28,I2=21%).Also,BHT markedly increased 5-hydroxytryptamine(SMD=1.39,95%CI=0.61–2.18,P<0.00001,I2=92%),5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(SMD=1.06,95%CI=0.22–1.90,P<0.00001,I2=93%),and dopamine(SMD=2.07,95%CI=0.35–3.79,P<0.00001,I2=96%).Silico analysis revealed that honokiol,magnolol,and rosmarinic acid were valuable components associated with the mechanisms of BHT.Our study demonstrated that BHT may relieve depression by regulating neurotransmitters,neuro-inflammation,the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,and other biological mechanisms.Well-designed pre-clinical studies should be conducted to provide robust evidence for the mechanism and efficacy of BHT.展开更多
Currently, animal and clinical research on biomaterials, such as surgical sutures, are mainly performed by removing them from the experiment targets and observing them by microscopy. However, traditional microscopy is...Currently, animal and clinical research on biomaterials, such as surgical sutures, are mainly performed by removing them from the experiment targets and observing them by microscopy. However, traditional microscopy is not able to observe the internal structure, and there is a risk of sacrificing animals to remove the suture and damaging the materials. Therefore, we introduced optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe and evaluate four different kinds of surgical sutures in vivo (monofilament absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures and braided absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures). As a result, while the monofilament nonabsorbable sutures showed almost no change over time, the absorbable sutures had color fading and it was also confirmed that the internal structure became chaotic due to decomposition, which improved the OCT signal intensity. For the braided sutures, both absorbable and nonabsorbable, we found that the reflection signal improved from week 0 because blood got among the filaments of sutures and dried during recovery which increased OCT signal from week 0 to week 1. We also confirmed that the braided sutures untwisted over time. All four kinds of sutures were pulled due to the movement of rats during recovery. It is expected that OCT technology will be of great help in in vivo experiments on biomaterials such as sutures.展开更多
Soft fiberoptic choledochoscope is an important tool for the diagnose and surgical treatment of biliary disease.However,the traditional soft fiberoptic choledochoscope is hard to operate,due to the low position accura...Soft fiberoptic choledochoscope is an important tool for the diagnose and surgical treatment of biliary disease.However,the traditional soft fiberoptic choledochoscope is hard to operate,due to the low position accuracy.Based on the conventional soft fiberoptic choledochoscope,an electrical soft fiberoptic choledochoscope robot with a low latency was developed.In order to improve the controllability of the conventional choledochoscope,the wire traction mechanism and the rotation mechanism are used to bend and rotate the scope,so as to control its movement orientation.The dead band compensation model and control algorithm of the wire traction mechanism are developed to improve the accuracy of the orientation control.The human-computer interaction system and complex motion control system are developed based on ARM embedded system and FPGA.Thanks to the high-speed synchronization channel between FPGA and peripheral,the design of low latency whole-procedure surgical mode was established and verified.Combined with a micro image sensor,real-time video back transmission was realized.The performance of the robot prototype was verified by animal experiment in vivo on a pig.The robot has an extremely low operating latency of no more than 0.402 ms,and a high bending positioning accuracy of±1.43°error margin within 99.7%confidence interval,which guarantees the safety of biliary surgery.展开更多
The development and improvement of tracheal stents,as an effective treatment for respiratory diseases such as tracheal stenosis and tracheal collapse,has been a hot topic in the field of medical engineering.In vitro t...The development and improvement of tracheal stents,as an effective treatment for respiratory diseases such as tracheal stenosis and tracheal collapse,has been a hot topic in the field of medical engineering.In vitro testing and animal experiments are key steps in evaluating the performance and safety of tracheal stents.This paper reviews the in vitro testing methods,animal experimental models,current research status,and future directions of tracheal stents,aiming to provide research directions for the development and in vitro and in vivo testing of tracheal stents.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of Zuogui Pill on peripheral blood cells,sex hormone levels,interleukin 1β(IL-1β)levels,ovarian follicle number and spleen index in SD rats damaged by ^(60)Coγrays.[Methods]Fi...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of Zuogui Pill on peripheral blood cells,sex hormone levels,interleukin 1β(IL-1β)levels,ovarian follicle number and spleen index in SD rats damaged by ^(60)Coγrays.[Methods]Fifty 8-week-old female SPF SD rats were selected,10 of which were in the normal group and were fed routinely without irradiation;the other 40 rats were irradiated with ^(60)Coγrays(6.0 Gy,LD 40)for 24 h,and then divided into radiation model group,Progynova group,high and low dose of Zuogui Pill groups.Progynova group was treated with 0.09 mg Progynova;high dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 4.725 g Zuogui Pill crude drug and low dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 0.945 g Zuogui Pill crude drug;radiation group was treated with 2 mL normal saline by gavage once a day for 21 d.The changes of peripheral blood cells in different time periods were detected;the follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E 2)in peripheral blood serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression levels of E 2,luteinizing hormone(LH)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)were detected,and the ovarian follicle number and spleen index were measured.[Results]After irradiation,the number of peripheral blood cells decreased,especially the number of white blood cells(P<0.05),the content of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05),the level of E 2 decreased,the number of mature follicles decreased,the spleen index decreased,and the expression level of IL-1βincreased.After the intervention of Zuogui Pill,the serum E 2 level,number of mature follicles and spleen index increased,while the serum IL-1β,FSH and LH levels decreased,especially in the high dose Zuogui Pill group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Zuogui Pill can promote the repair of ovarian function in rats with radiation injury,which may be related to the promotion of bone marrow hematopoiesis and the improvement of immune function,reflecting the theory of"kidney governing blood vessels".展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)(APR)and Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)(GR)in the treatment of major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS:Based on the network pharmacol...OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)(APR)and Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)(GR)in the treatment of major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS:Based on the network pharmacology strategy,the therapeutic targets of APR-GR for MDD are predicted,differentially expressed genes from the Integrated Gene Expression database for MDD patients.Topological networks are constructed,Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways are enriched,their pharmacological potential molecular mechanisms are discussed,and molecular docking analysis is performed to further motivate compositional and target interactions.Finally,the CUMS mouse model is used for validation.RESULTS:Based on the pharmacological network analysis,17 candidate genes were identified,including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1(CHRM1),muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2(CHRM2),β2-adrenergic receptor(ADRB2),adrenergicα1A receptor(ADRA1A)and 5-hydroxytryptamine transfer protein(SLC6A4),etc.which are primarily involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism,neural response,oxidative stress response and other biological processes.Further analysis revealed that these targets are closely related to Ca^(2+),cyclic adenosine monophosphate,etc.,and exhibit optimal binding sites after molecular docking.Finally,in vivo experiments were performed and it was found that APR-GR significantly improved depression-like behavior and hippocampal impairment in mouse models,increasing brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,dopamine and norepinephrine and decreasing serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone,corticosterone and adreno cortico tropic hormone,while upregulating the expression of CHRM1,CHRM2 and ADRA1A in the hippocampus and downregulating the expression of SLC6A4 and ADRB2.CNCLUSION:This research sheds light on the potential molecular mechanism of APR-GR to improve MDD.展开更多
AIM: To determine the validity of the non-invasive method of CT perfusion (CTP) in rat model of hepatic diffuse disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Liver diffuse lesions were induc...AIM: To determine the validity of the non-invasive method of CT perfusion (CTP) in rat model of hepatic diffuse disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Liver diffuse lesions were induced by diethyln-itrosamine in 14 rats of test group. Rats in control group were bred with pure water. From the 1st to 12th wk after the test group was intervened, both groups were studied every week with CTP. CTP parameters of liver parenchyma in different periods and pathologic changes in two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The process of hepatic diffuse lesions in test groups was classified into three stages or periods according to the pathologic alterations, namely hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. During this period, hepatic artery flow (HAF) of control group declined slightly, mean transit time (MTT), blood flow (BF) and volume (BV) increased, but there were no significant differences between different periods. In test group, HAF tended to increase gradually, MTT prolonged obviously, BV and BF decreased at the same time. The results of statistical analysis revealed that the difference in the HAF ratio of test group to control group was significant. The ratio of BV and BF in test group to control group in stage of hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis was significantly different, but there was no significant difference between hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The main pathological changes in stage of hepatitis were swelling of hepatic cells, while sinusoid capillarization and deposition of collagen aggravated gradually in the extravascular Disse's spaces in stage of fibrosis and early stage of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The technique could reflect some early changes of hepatic blood perfusion in rat with liver diffuse disease and is valuable for their early diagnosis.展开更多
Objective To investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance （MR） diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） for evaluation of radiotherapeutic effects on rabbit VX2 tumor model. Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits...Objective To investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance （MR） diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） for evaluation of radiotherapeutic effects on rabbit VX2 tumor model. Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits received a subcutaneous implantation of VX2 tumor cell suspension 0.5 mL （4× 10^7 ceUs/mL） in their right thighs to set up tumor model. And 2 weeks later they were randomly divided into therapy group （Group T, n = 10） and control group （Group C, n = 6）. Group T received radiotherapy at a single dose of 10 Gy. MR imaging （MRI） scan including short TI inversion recovery echo-planar imaging DWI, T1-weighted imaging （T1WI） and T2-weighted imaging （T2WI） sequences were performed 1 day prior to as well as 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days after radiotherapy. Group C received only MRI scan at the same time points without any treatment. MRI appearance on T2WI, TlWI, and DWI images was compared and tumor volume was calculated. Apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values of the tumor were evaluated in all cases. HE staining was used for pathological study. Results Necrosis （n = 8） and hemorrhage （n = 2） were seen gradually on T2WI and T1WI images of Group T after time point of day 2 after irradiation. In Group C, no obvious necrosis was found until day 7. There was no significant difference in tumor volume between the two groups before radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, tumors in Group T showed a gradual growth but not as obvious as Group C. There was a significant difference in tumor volume between the two groups from day 2 on （P 〈 0.05）. ADC value changed dramatically fight from the 1st day after radiotherapy in Group T [（0.99 ± 0.15） ×10^-3 mm^2/s for 1 day before radiotherapy, （1.23 ± 0.08） ×10^-3 , （1.45 ± 0.07） ×10^-3 , （1.63 ± 0.06） ×10^-3 , and （2.02 ± 0.18） ×10^-3 mm^2 for day 1, 2, 3, and 7]; and ADC value had no significant changes after radiotherapy in Group C except day 7 [（1.07±0.08） ×10^-3 mm^2 for 1 day before radiotherapy, （1.03 ± 0.04）×10^-3 , （1.05 ± 0.02）×10^-3 , （1.05 ± 0.05） ×10^-3 , and （0.95 ± 0.07） ×10^-3 mm^2 for day 1, 2, 3, and 7]. There was significant difference in ADC value between the two groups for each time point after radiotherapy （P 〈 0.01）. Pathological study showed that the number of viable tumor cells in Group T decreased 1 day after radiotherapy, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was marked and almost all viable tumor cells disappeared by day 7 after radiotherapy. Conclusions DWI is a new promising technique for monitoring radiotherapy outcomes. ADC value may give a prior clue on physiological changes of radiotherapy before routine MRI could tell.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81825011,81930038,81961160738)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(22XD1400800)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB19030200)。
文摘Viral infections have led to many public health crises and pandemics in the last few centuries.Neurotropic virus infection-induced viral encephalitis(VE),especially the symptomatic inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma,has attracted growing attention due to its high mortality and disability rates.Understanding the infectious routes of neurotropic viruses and the mechanism underlying the host immune response is critical to reduce viral spread and improve antiviral therapy outcomes.In this review,we summarize the common categories of neurotropic viruses,viral transmission routes in the body,host immune responses,and experimental animal models used for VE study to gain a deeper understanding of recent progress in the pathogenic and immunological mechanisms under neurotropic viral infection.This review should provide valuable resources and perspectives on how to cope with pandemic infections.
基金Project (No. 7002691) supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Background and objective:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian function and ovarian cancer cell growth. In this study, we determined whether administration of the GnRH agonist (GnRHa), triporelin, prior to cisplatin treatment affects cisplatin and/or prevents cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. Methods:nu/nu mice were injected with ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells intraperitoneally. After two weeks, the mice were treated with saline (control), cisplatin, GnRHa, or cisplatin plus GnRHa for four weeks. At the end of the experimental protocol, blood, tumor, ovary, and uterine tissues were resected for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemical analyses of Ki67, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and caspase-3, transmission electron microscopy of apoptosis, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH). Results:Cisplatin treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth in mice treated with human ovarian cancer cells; however the treatment also induced considerable toxicity. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that Ki67 expression was reduced in cisplatin-treated mice compared to control (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant differences between cisplatin-treated mice and cisplatin plus GnRHa-treated mice (P>0.05), while expressions of NF-κB and caspase-3 were reduced and induced, respectively, in cisplatin-treated mice and cisplatin plus GnRHa-treated mice. Apoptosis occurred in the GnRHa, cisplatin, and cisplatin plus GnRHa-treated mice, but not in control mice. Ovaries exposed to GnRHa in both GnRHa mice and cisplatin-treated mice (combination group) had significantly more primordial and growth follicles and serum levels of AMH than those in the control mice and cisplatin-treated mice (P<0.05). Conclusions:Administration of GnRHa to mice significantly decreased the extent of ovarian damage induced by cisplatin, but did not affect the anti-tumor activity of cisplatin.
文摘Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems. The standardized temporal bone sectioning is oriented to a plane parallel to the outer and internal auditory canals. Sections are collected from the epitympanum to the hypotympanum to reveal layers in the order of the crista ampullaris of the superior and lateral semicircular canals, macula utriculi and macula sacculi, superior vestibular ganglion neurons, macula of saccule and inferior vestibular ganglion neurons, cochlear modiolus, endolymphatic duct and endolymphatic sac, and finally the crista ampullaris of the posterior semicircular canal. Moreover, technical details of preparing for temporal bone sectioning including fixation, decalcification, whole temporal bone staining, embedding penetration, and embedding orientation are also discussed.
文摘AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of a novel enteroscope,negative-pressure suction endoscope in examining the small intestine of a porcine model.METHODS In vitro experiments in small intestinal loops from 20pigs and in vivo experiments in 20 living pigs were conducted.RESULTS In in vitro experiments,a negative pressure of>0.06MPa was necessary for optimal visualization of the intestine,and this pressure did not cause gross or histological damage to the mucosa.For satisfactory examination of the small intestine in vivo,higher negative pressure(>1.00 MPa)was required.Despite this higher pressure,the small intestine did not show any gross or microscopic damage in the suctioned areas.The average time of examination in the living animals was 60±7.67 min.The animals did not experience any apparent ill effects from the procedure.CONCLUSION Small intestine endoscope was safely performed within a reasonable time period and enabled complete visualization of the intestine in most cases.
文摘By injection of C-BSA. immune-complex in situ type glomerulonephritis was duplicated in rabbits and treated with Mai-Luo-Tong and natural Indigo.The resuts showed that proteinuria in the treated groups M and Q was decreased.The difference between group M and control group is statistically significant (P<0.05). Under light and electron microscope.although glomerular basement membrane was irregularly thickened and subepithelial dense electron deposited in the treated group, but microthromhus. erythrocytes and platelets aggregation and leukocytes impaction were not seen within glomerular capillaries. Also in groups C,Q,M, mesenteric cell count was 99. 40±18.53,92.87±17. 89,66. 55±7.75 respectively,the M.Q groups are compared with group C, the result is of statistical significance(P<0.05)and there is no apparent glomerular fibrosis in the treated groups.
文摘In order to detect the role of NO to the secondary damage following spinal cord injury (SCI). NOS in the injury site (T\-8) were studied using a rat SCI model induced by Allens weight drop method (10 g2.5 cm). The results suggested that activities of NOS significantly increased in 10 min\, 1\,2\,4\,8 h. The results indicated that NO was related to SCI. The rise of NO following SCI might lead to secondary spinal cord damage.\;
文摘To explore the feasibility of the full automatic animal experimental cabin to establish the animal models in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic and high carbon dioxide environment. Methods： Sixty SPF-class male DS rats were divided into 2 groups, 20 for normobaric, hypoxic conditions and the other 40 for hypobaric, hypoxic conditions. For each group, the pulmonary arterial pressure and carotid arterial pressure indicators of rats were examined by using the physiological multi-detector, and the pulmonary vascular changes in the structure were observed. Results： The normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment can promote the formation of pulmonary hypertension and accelerate changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling, and promote the right ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion： Clinical applications showed that the animal experimental cabin has observed and controlled accurately. The result was safe, reliable and reproducible. The cabin can successfully establish the pulmonary hypertension model in normobaric/hypobaric hypoxic with high carbon dioxide environment, and in order to study the physiological mechanism of a variety of circulation and respiratory diseases caused by lack of oxygen, which provided an experimental technology platform for clinical research.
文摘The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of somatostatin (SS) receptor,a brain-gut peptide receptor which is capable of inhibiting central neurons, on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).By means of radioligand binding assay, SS receptors in crude synaptosomal membrane of rat brains were investigated in a rat model of HE induced by partial hepatectomy following carbon tetrachloride intoxication and in controls. Binding to SS receptor was studied using125 I-SS as radiolgand Scatchard analysis of binding data was linear, yielding a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.99 ±0.22 nmol/L and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 238± 14.2 fmol/mg of protein in HE rats.Only increased Bmax values were observed (P< 0.005),while the Kd values were statistically unchanged (P>0.50),in HE rats as compared with those in controls.The results suggest that the changes of SS receptors in brains play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HE.The mechanism of HE induced by the alterations of SS receptors in the brains was discussed in this paper.
文摘The supply and demand of laboratory animals for teaching in colleges and universities has its own internal characteristics.To grasp the supply and demand characteristics of laboratory animals for teaching is of vital importance to the planning,supply and use of teaching animals,the realization of teaching objectives and the completion of teaching tasks.Based on the supply of teaching experimental animals and the work of animal experimental teaching in our university in recent years,this paper expounds the inherent characteristics and practice of supply and demand of teaching experimental animals.
基金research funding from Faperj-process numbers E-26/102.106/2009(Scientific Initiation Fellowship)and E-26/110.871/2009(Aid Research)
文摘Rupture of the Achilles tendon is one of the most frequent tendon injuries in humans. However, there is no standard surgical technique thus far to reproduce complete rupture of this tendon in rats. Surgical procedures were performed in Wistar rats under light microscopy, with posterior longitudinal incision and preservation of the plantaris tendon. The animals were sacrificed on 2nd and 8th postoperative week and we used hematoxilin and eosin, picrosirius-red and Weigert’s resorcin-fuchsin to observe general tendon healing. The mean operative time was one minute and 24 seconds. Histological studies showed cellular proliferation and fibrillogenesis at two weeks, with decreased amounts of cellularity and elastic fibers at the 8th week, besides changes in structural organization of collagen fibers. The complete Achilles tenotomy in rats, was improved under light microscopy and sparing the plantaris tendon. This surgical technique was simple and quick, showed signs of normal healing process, could be easily reproducible, and triggered translational researches in this area.
文摘Objective To investigate the efficacy and mechanism of tibial transverse bone transfer in the treatment of lower limb ulcer wounds in diabetic rabbits.Methods Animal models of diabetic foot lower extremity ischemia were made,and grouped Animal models of diabetic foot lower extremity ischemia were made,and grouped control studies were designed to evaluate the time of wound healing and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),platelet derived growth factor(PDGF),and epidermal cell growth factor(EGF)in the wound during the same period of time.Results In animal experiments,transverse tibial bone transfer can shorten the healing time of diabetic ulcer and increase the expression of wound growth factor(VEGF,PDGF,EGF).Conclusion In animal experiments,diabetes can inhibit the expression of growth factors(VEGF,PDGF,EGF)in ulcer wounds,and tibial transverse bone transfer can promote wound healing.The mechanism may be related to the increased expression of VEGF,PDGF and EGF in the wound surface.
基金supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(grant number:HF21C0036).
文摘Depression manifests as an enduring experience of sorrow and a loss of interest,appetite,and engagement.Currently,no study has systematically reviewed the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine Banxia-Houpo-Tang(BHT)for the treatment of depression in animal experimental research.This systematic review sought to provide evidence regarding the efficacy and molecular mechanism of BHT for depression.Fifteen electronic databases were searched until November 23,2023.Two researchers individually screened abstracts and full texts for inclusion,extracted data,and assessed the quality of included studies using the risk of bias tool from the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation.We conducted the meta-analysis for behavior and biological outcomes.Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were conducted to predict the key contributors to BHT’s antidepressant effects.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.This review included 23 studies.The meta-analysis indicated that BHT considerably reduced immobility time in the forced swim test(SMD=−2.89,95%CI:−3.92 to−1.87,P<0.00001,I2=93%),and tail suspended swim test(SMD=−2.70,95%CI:−3.64 to−1.76,P<0.00001,I2=90%),and increased movement in open field tests(SMD=0.62,95%CI:0.25–1.00,P=0.28,I2=21%).Also,BHT markedly increased 5-hydroxytryptamine(SMD=1.39,95%CI=0.61–2.18,P<0.00001,I2=92%),5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(SMD=1.06,95%CI=0.22–1.90,P<0.00001,I2=93%),and dopamine(SMD=2.07,95%CI=0.35–3.79,P<0.00001,I2=96%).Silico analysis revealed that honokiol,magnolol,and rosmarinic acid were valuable components associated with the mechanisms of BHT.Our study demonstrated that BHT may relieve depression by regulating neurotransmitters,neuro-inflammation,the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,and other biological mechanisms.Well-designed pre-clinical studies should be conducted to provide robust evidence for the mechanism and efficacy of BHT.
文摘Currently, animal and clinical research on biomaterials, such as surgical sutures, are mainly performed by removing them from the experiment targets and observing them by microscopy. However, traditional microscopy is not able to observe the internal structure, and there is a risk of sacrificing animals to remove the suture and damaging the materials. Therefore, we introduced optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe and evaluate four different kinds of surgical sutures in vivo (monofilament absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures and braided absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures). As a result, while the monofilament nonabsorbable sutures showed almost no change over time, the absorbable sutures had color fading and it was also confirmed that the internal structure became chaotic due to decomposition, which improved the OCT signal intensity. For the braided sutures, both absorbable and nonabsorbable, we found that the reflection signal improved from week 0 because blood got among the filaments of sutures and dried during recovery which increased OCT signal from week 0 to week 1. We also confirmed that the braided sutures untwisted over time. All four kinds of sutures were pulled due to the movement of rats during recovery. It is expected that OCT technology will be of great help in in vivo experiments on biomaterials such as sutures.
基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.18441900500)。
文摘Soft fiberoptic choledochoscope is an important tool for the diagnose and surgical treatment of biliary disease.However,the traditional soft fiberoptic choledochoscope is hard to operate,due to the low position accuracy.Based on the conventional soft fiberoptic choledochoscope,an electrical soft fiberoptic choledochoscope robot with a low latency was developed.In order to improve the controllability of the conventional choledochoscope,the wire traction mechanism and the rotation mechanism are used to bend and rotate the scope,so as to control its movement orientation.The dead band compensation model and control algorithm of the wire traction mechanism are developed to improve the accuracy of the orientation control.The human-computer interaction system and complex motion control system are developed based on ARM embedded system and FPGA.Thanks to the high-speed synchronization channel between FPGA and peripheral,the design of low latency whole-procedure surgical mode was established and verified.Combined with a micro image sensor,real-time video back transmission was realized.The performance of the robot prototype was verified by animal experiment in vivo on a pig.The robot has an extremely low operating latency of no more than 0.402 ms,and a high bending positioning accuracy of±1.43°error margin within 99.7%confidence interval,which guarantees the safety of biliary surgery.
文摘The development and improvement of tracheal stents,as an effective treatment for respiratory diseases such as tracheal stenosis and tracheal collapse,has been a hot topic in the field of medical engineering.In vitro testing and animal experiments are key steps in evaluating the performance and safety of tracheal stents.This paper reviews the in vitro testing methods,animal experimental models,current research status,and future directions of tracheal stents,aiming to provide research directions for the development and in vitro and in vivo testing of tracheal stents.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81760806&82360877)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA1027)Gansu Provincial Higher Education Innovation Ability Improvement Project of Gansu Provincial Department of Education(2022A-076).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of Zuogui Pill on peripheral blood cells,sex hormone levels,interleukin 1β(IL-1β)levels,ovarian follicle number and spleen index in SD rats damaged by ^(60)Coγrays.[Methods]Fifty 8-week-old female SPF SD rats were selected,10 of which were in the normal group and were fed routinely without irradiation;the other 40 rats were irradiated with ^(60)Coγrays(6.0 Gy,LD 40)for 24 h,and then divided into radiation model group,Progynova group,high and low dose of Zuogui Pill groups.Progynova group was treated with 0.09 mg Progynova;high dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 4.725 g Zuogui Pill crude drug and low dose Zuogui Pill group was treated with 0.945 g Zuogui Pill crude drug;radiation group was treated with 2 mL normal saline by gavage once a day for 21 d.The changes of peripheral blood cells in different time periods were detected;the follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and estradiol(E 2)in peripheral blood serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression levels of E 2,luteinizing hormone(LH)and interleukin 1β(IL-1β)were detected,and the ovarian follicle number and spleen index were measured.[Results]After irradiation,the number of peripheral blood cells decreased,especially the number of white blood cells(P<0.05),the content of hemoglobin increased(P<0.05),the level of E 2 decreased,the number of mature follicles decreased,the spleen index decreased,and the expression level of IL-1βincreased.After the intervention of Zuogui Pill,the serum E 2 level,number of mature follicles and spleen index increased,while the serum IL-1β,FSH and LH levels decreased,especially in the high dose Zuogui Pill group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Zuogui Pill can promote the repair of ovarian function in rats with radiation injury,which may be related to the promotion of bone marrow hematopoiesis and the improvement of immune function,reflecting the theory of"kidney governing blood vessels".
基金Supported by Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology project:Exploring the Material Basis and Action Pathways of Baihu Tang's Antipyretic Effect based on Omics Technology(20240602036RC)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of Baishao(Radix Paeoniae Alba)(APR)and Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae)(GR)in the treatment of major depressive disorder(MDD).METHODS:Based on the network pharmacology strategy,the therapeutic targets of APR-GR for MDD are predicted,differentially expressed genes from the Integrated Gene Expression database for MDD patients.Topological networks are constructed,Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways are enriched,their pharmacological potential molecular mechanisms are discussed,and molecular docking analysis is performed to further motivate compositional and target interactions.Finally,the CUMS mouse model is used for validation.RESULTS:Based on the pharmacological network analysis,17 candidate genes were identified,including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1(CHRM1),muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2(CHRM2),β2-adrenergic receptor(ADRB2),adrenergicα1A receptor(ADRA1A)and 5-hydroxytryptamine transfer protein(SLC6A4),etc.which are primarily involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism,neural response,oxidative stress response and other biological processes.Further analysis revealed that these targets are closely related to Ca^(2+),cyclic adenosine monophosphate,etc.,and exhibit optimal binding sites after molecular docking.Finally,in vivo experiments were performed and it was found that APR-GR significantly improved depression-like behavior and hippocampal impairment in mouse models,increasing brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine,dopamine and norepinephrine and decreasing serum levels of corticotropin releasing hormone,corticosterone and adreno cortico tropic hormone,while upregulating the expression of CHRM1,CHRM2 and ADRA1A in the hippocampus and downregulating the expression of SLC6A4 and ADRB2.CNCLUSION:This research sheds light on the potential molecular mechanism of APR-GR to improve MDD.
基金Supported by a Grant from the Ministry of Public Health of China, No. 20011420
文摘AIM: To determine the validity of the non-invasive method of CT perfusion (CTP) in rat model of hepatic diffuse disease. METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were divided into two groups. Liver diffuse lesions were induced by diethyln-itrosamine in 14 rats of test group. Rats in control group were bred with pure water. From the 1st to 12th wk after the test group was intervened, both groups were studied every week with CTP. CTP parameters of liver parenchyma in different periods and pathologic changes in two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The process of hepatic diffuse lesions in test groups was classified into three stages or periods according to the pathologic alterations, namely hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. During this period, hepatic artery flow (HAF) of control group declined slightly, mean transit time (MTT), blood flow (BF) and volume (BV) increased, but there were no significant differences between different periods. In test group, HAF tended to increase gradually, MTT prolonged obviously, BV and BF decreased at the same time. The results of statistical analysis revealed that the difference in the HAF ratio of test group to control group was significant. The ratio of BV and BF in test group to control group in stage of hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis, hepatic fibrosis and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis was significantly different, but there was no significant difference between hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The main pathological changes in stage of hepatitis were swelling of hepatic cells, while sinusoid capillarization and deposition of collagen aggravated gradually in the extravascular Disse's spaces in stage of fibrosis and early stage of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION: The technique could reflect some early changes of hepatic blood perfusion in rat with liver diffuse disease and is valuable for their early diagnosis.
文摘Objective To investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance （MR） diffusion weighted imaging （DWI） for evaluation of radiotherapeutic effects on rabbit VX2 tumor model. Methods Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits received a subcutaneous implantation of VX2 tumor cell suspension 0.5 mL （4× 10^7 ceUs/mL） in their right thighs to set up tumor model. And 2 weeks later they were randomly divided into therapy group （Group T, n = 10） and control group （Group C, n = 6）. Group T received radiotherapy at a single dose of 10 Gy. MR imaging （MRI） scan including short TI inversion recovery echo-planar imaging DWI, T1-weighted imaging （T1WI） and T2-weighted imaging （T2WI） sequences were performed 1 day prior to as well as 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days after radiotherapy. Group C received only MRI scan at the same time points without any treatment. MRI appearance on T2WI, TlWI, and DWI images was compared and tumor volume was calculated. Apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC） values of the tumor were evaluated in all cases. HE staining was used for pathological study. Results Necrosis （n = 8） and hemorrhage （n = 2） were seen gradually on T2WI and T1WI images of Group T after time point of day 2 after irradiation. In Group C, no obvious necrosis was found until day 7. There was no significant difference in tumor volume between the two groups before radiotherapy. After radiotherapy, tumors in Group T showed a gradual growth but not as obvious as Group C. There was a significant difference in tumor volume between the two groups from day 2 on （P 〈 0.05）. ADC value changed dramatically fight from the 1st day after radiotherapy in Group T [（0.99 ± 0.15） ×10^-3 mm^2/s for 1 day before radiotherapy, （1.23 ± 0.08） ×10^-3 , （1.45 ± 0.07） ×10^-3 , （1.63 ± 0.06） ×10^-3 , and （2.02 ± 0.18） ×10^-3 mm^2 for day 1, 2, 3, and 7]; and ADC value had no significant changes after radiotherapy in Group C except day 7 [（1.07±0.08） ×10^-3 mm^2 for 1 day before radiotherapy, （1.03 ± 0.04）×10^-3 , （1.05 ± 0.02）×10^-3 , （1.05 ± 0.05） ×10^-3 , and （0.95 ± 0.07） ×10^-3 mm^2 for day 1, 2, 3, and 7]. There was significant difference in ADC value between the two groups for each time point after radiotherapy （P 〈 0.01）. Pathological study showed that the number of viable tumor cells in Group T decreased 1 day after radiotherapy, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was marked and almost all viable tumor cells disappeared by day 7 after radiotherapy. Conclusions DWI is a new promising technique for monitoring radiotherapy outcomes. ADC value may give a prior clue on physiological changes of radiotherapy before routine MRI could tell.
