Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several chall...Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several challenges must be overcome before they can be widely used.This paper reviews in detail the tailoring of microstructure from the aspect of process parameters,the updated knowledge gained in microstructure(crystallographic orientation,high-resolution interfacial structures)and the latest means of optimizing eutectic microstructure(seed-induced method,introducing low-energy grain boundaries and high-entropy phase).Additionally,the paper explores future techniques for the fabrication of bulk ceramic materials and effective toughening approaches.This review highlights the achievements made especially in the last 15 years,current limitations in Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics,and offers comprehensive insights and strategic guidance for further mechanical breakthroughs.展开更多
The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design c...The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design concept of eutectic electrolyte is presented by mixing long chain polymer molecules,polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether(PEGDME),with H_(2)O based on zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate(Zn(OTf)2),to reconstruct the Zn^(2+)solvated structure and in situ modified the adsorption layer on Zn electrode surface.Molecular dynamics simulations(MD),density functional theory(DFT)calculations were combined with experiment to prove that the long-chain polymer-PEGDME could effectively reduce side reactions,change the solvation structure of the electrolyte and priority absorbed on Zn(002),achieving a stable dendrite-free Zn anode.Due to the comprehensive regulation of solvation structure and zinc deposition by PEGDME,it can stably cycle for over 3200 h at room temperature at 0.5 mA/cm^(2)and 0.5 mAh/cm^(2).Even at high-temperature environments of 60℃,it can steadily work for more than 800 cycles(1600 h).Improved cyclic stability and rate performance of aqueous Zn‖VO_(2)batteries in modified electrolyte were also achieved at both room and high temperatures.Beyond that,the demonstration of stable and high-capacity Zn‖VO_(2)pouch cells also implies its practical application.展开更多
Gels and conductive polymer composites,including hydrogen bonds(HBs),have emerged as promising materials for electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption across various applications.However,the relationship between conduction...Gels and conductive polymer composites,including hydrogen bonds(HBs),have emerged as promising materials for electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption across various applications.However,the relationship between conduction loss in EMW-absorbing materials and charge transfer in HB remains to be fully understood.In this study,we developed a series of deep eutectic gels to fine-tune the quantity of HB by adjusting the molar ratio of choline chloride(ChCl)and ethylene glycol(EG).Owing to the unique properties of deep eutectic gels,the effects of magnetic loss and polarization loss on EMW attenuation can be disregarded.Our results indicate that the quantity of HB initially increases and then decreases with the introduction of EG,with HB-induced conductive loss following similar pat-terns.At a ChCl and EG molar ratio of 2.4,the gel labeled G22-CE2.4 exhibited the best EMW absorption performance,characterized by an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.50 GHz and a thickness of 2.54 mm.This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic ef-fects of excellent conductive loss and impedance matching generated by the optimal number of HB.This work elucidates the role of HB in dielectric loss for the first time and provides valuable insights into the optimal design of supramolecular polymer absorbers.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their advantages,such as low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs face significant challe...Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their advantages,such as low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs face significant challenges in limited stability and lifetime owing to zinc dendrite growth and serious side reactions caused by water molecules in the aqueous electrolyte during cycling.To address these issues,a new eutectic electrolyte based on Zn(ClO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O-N-methylacetamide(ZN)is proposed in this work.Compared with aqueous electrolyte,the ZN eutectic electrolyte containing organic N-methylacetamide could regulate the solvated structure of Zn^(2+),effectively suppressing zinc dendrite growth and side reactions.As a result,the Zn//NH4 V4 O10 full cell with the eutectic ZN-1-3 electrolyte demonstrates significantly enhanced cycling stability after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Therefore,this study not only presents a new eutectic electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries but also provides a deep understanding of the influence of Zn^(2+)solvation structure on the cycle stability,contributing to the exploration of novel electrolytes for high-performance AZIBs.展开更多
As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancin...As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.展开更多
Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and ...Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.展开更多
The effect of deformation resistance of AlCr_(1.3)TiNi_(2) eutectic high-entropy alloys under various current densities and strain rates was investigated during electrically-assisted compression.Results show that at c...The effect of deformation resistance of AlCr_(1.3)TiNi_(2) eutectic high-entropy alloys under various current densities and strain rates was investigated during electrically-assisted compression.Results show that at current density of 60 A/mm^(2) and strain rate of 0.1 s^(−1),the ultimate tensile stress shows a significant decrease from approximately 3000 MPa to 1900 MPa with reduction ratio of about 36.7%.However,as current density increases,elongation decreases due to intermediate temperature embrittlement.This is because the current induces Joule effect,which then leads to stress concentration and more defect formation.Moreover,the flow stress is decreased with the increase in strain rate at constant current density.展开更多
The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdraw...The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdrawal rate is a critical parameter affecting the spatial distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic along gravity direction.The results show that theγ/γ′eutectic fraction of the upper platform surface is always higher than that of the lower one,regardless of withdrawal rate.As the withdrawal rate decreases,there is a significant increase inγ/γ′eutectic fraction on the upper surface,while it decreases on the lower surface.The upward accumulation ofγ/γ′eutectic becomes more severe as the withdrawal rate decreases.It is also found that the percentage of Al+Ta is positively correlated with theγ/γ′eutectic fraction.Thermo-solute convection of Al and Ta solutes in the solidification front is the prime reason for the non-uniform distribution of eutectic.The non-uniform distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic cannot be eliminated even after subsequent solution heat treatment,resulting in excess eutectic on the upper surface and thus leading to the scrapping of the blade.展开更多
Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6,20,30,and 80μm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology.The coarse Fe_(2)Ta(Al)Laves phase was precipitated...Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6,20,30,and 80μm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology.The coarse Fe_(2)Ta(Al)Laves phase was precipitated at the eutectic colony boundary during the solidification process,which can affect the stability of microstructure and properties of the composites.The coarse Laves phase was refined using different heat treatment processes in the present paper.The influences of different heat treatment parameters on the Laves phase content,lamella/rod spacing,and mechanical properties were investigated in detail.In addition,the corrosion behaviors of Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites before and after being annealed heat treatment in a 3 g/L Na_(2)S_(2)O_(3)solution were also studied.It is shown that both the content of Laves phase and lamella/rod spacing are gradually decreased after heat treatment.Micro-hardness is decreased,while the yield strength,compressive strength,and corrosion resistance are improved.The optimum heat treatment process is selected as well.展开更多
Traditional metals often exhibit a trade-offbetween strength and plasticity,limiting their wide application of metals in aerospace,transportation,energy industry and other fields[1-3].In order to overcome this dilemma...Traditional metals often exhibit a trade-offbetween strength and plasticity,limiting their wide application of metals in aerospace,transportation,energy industry and other fields[1-3].In order to overcome this dilemma,high-entropy alloys(HEAs),proposed by Yeh et al.and Cantor et al.,are currently of great interest in the materials community due to their excellent mechanical properties[4-7].To further promote the wide application of HEAs in industrial production,Lu et al.developed a new eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEAs)by combining the potential advantages of traditional eutectic alloys and HEAs[8-11].展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications.This interest is primarily due to their abundant resource availability,environ...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications.This interest is primarily due to their abundant resource availability,environmental friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and high safety.However,their electrochemical performance is limited by the thermodynamic properties of water molecules,resulting in inadequate cycling stability and insufficient specific energy density.To address these challenges,this study developed a hydrogen-bond enhanced urea-glycerol eutectic electrolyte(UGE)to expand the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of the electrolyte and suppress corresponding side reactions.The eutectic component disrupts the original hydrogen bonding network in water,creating a new,enhanced network that reduces the activity of free water and forms a uniform,dense passivation layer on the anode.As a result,the optimized composition of UGE exhibits a broad ESW of up to 3 V(-1.44 to 1.6 V vs.Ag/AgCl).The Prussian blue(PB)/UGE/NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cell exhibits an exceptionally long lifespan of 10,000 cycles at 10 C.This study introduces a low-cost,ultra-long-life ASIB system,utilizing a green and economical eutectic electrolyte,which expands the use of eutectic electrolytes in aqueous batteries and opens a new research horizon for constructing efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion.展开更多
This work investigated the original microstructure of cold-worked alumina-forming austenitic steel,along with its precipitation and dissolution corrosion behaviors in lead-bismuth eutectic with 10-8 wt.%oxygen at 600...This work investigated the original microstructure of cold-worked alumina-forming austenitic steel,along with its precipitation and dissolution corrosion behaviors in lead-bismuth eutectic with 10-8 wt.%oxygen at 600℃,using solution-annealed steel for comparison.Anomalously,cold-worked steel presented milder corrosion compared to solution-annealed steel,with average corrosion depths of 314.3 and 401.0μm after 1700 h exposure.Cold working-induced de-twinning transformed the annealing twin boundaries into normal high-angle grain boundaries(NGBs),increasing NGBs proportion from 36%to 89%.The increased NGBs provided more nucleation sites for intergranular barriers composed of alternate NiAl and M23C6 precipitates,thus better obstructing the dissolution attack.展开更多
Copper nanosheets and sulfur particles were synthesized synchronously by electrolysis,after dissolving Cu_(2)S in ChCl-thiourea(TU)deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.The optimized electrolysis conditions of 0.9 V,80℃,a...Copper nanosheets and sulfur particles were synthesized synchronously by electrolysis,after dissolving Cu_(2)S in ChCl-thiourea(TU)deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.The optimized electrolysis conditions of 0.9 V,80℃,and 2 h resulted in the deposition of pure nano-sized copper sheets with a length of approximately 500 nm and a thickness of approximately 30 nm,and the production of sulfur particles with an average size of approximately 10μm.The morphology of the cathodic products was significantly influenced by the electrolysis voltage.When Cu_(2)S was introduced into ChCl-TU,it dissolved[CuCl_(2)]^(-)without disrupting the structure of the choline ion(Ch^(+)).As the electrolysis time increased,the copper deposition changed from wire to sheet growth,with the growth direction from radial to epitaxial along the substrate and back to radial.展开更多
A heterogeneous CoNiCr_(2)eutectic medium-entropy alloy(EMEA),comprising soft face-centered cubic(FCC)and hard body-centered cubic(BCC)lamellae,associated with minor acicular hexagonal close-packed(HCP)phase precipita...A heterogeneous CoNiCr_(2)eutectic medium-entropy alloy(EMEA),comprising soft face-centered cubic(FCC)and hard body-centered cubic(BCC)lamellae,associated with minor acicular hexagonal close-packed(HCP)phase precipitated in BCC phase,was synthesized towards excellent tensile strength and ductility synergy.The tensile mechanical properties demonstrated that this alloy was temperature-dependent,i.e.,when the testing temperature reduced from room temperature(RT)to liquid nitrogen temperature(LNT),the yield strength,ultimate strength,and uniform elongation were enhanced from 449 MPa,821 MPa,and 5.0%to 702 MPa,1174 MPa,and 8.4%,respectively.The prominent elevation of yield strength at LNT mainly resulted from the dramatically enhanced lattice friction stress(σ0)and the FCC-BCC interfacial strengthening,while the improved ductility was attributed to the superior crack-arrest capability of FCC matrix stemmed from the accumulation of stacking faults(SFs)and enhancedσ0 at LNT.Additionally,although the deformation mechanisms were dominated by planar dislocation glides and SFs at both temperatures,the initiation of premature cracks in the BCC phase due to the inferior deformation capability at LNT constrained the better strength-ductility trade-off.The cracks in the BCC phase tended to propagate along the BCC-HCP interfaces because of the strain incompatibility.Further-more,the sub-nanoscale L1_(2) particles in the FCC matrix could not only strengthen this alloy but also im-prove the stacking fault energy leading to no deformation twinning even at LNT.This work may provide a guide for the design of remarkable strength and ductility synergy EMEAs combined with outstanding castability for applications at cryogenic temperatures.展开更多
The study investigated the oxidation behavior of T91 steel modified with Al(T91-Al)and Si(T91-Si)in lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)at 450℃under oxygen-saturated conditions(10^(−7)-10^(−8)wt.%)and oxygen-controlled conditi...The study investigated the oxidation behavior of T91 steel modified with Al(T91-Al)and Si(T91-Si)in lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)at 450℃under oxygen-saturated conditions(10^(−7)-10^(−8)wt.%)and oxygen-controlled conditions(3.2×10^(−4)wt.%).Advanced characterization techniques were employed to under-stand the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of enhanced oxidation properties of the modified T91 steel.The results indicate that the oxidation resistance of the materials follows this order:T91<T91-Al<T91-Si.Noteworthy,the oxidation resistance of T91-Si material exhibited minimal correlation with dissolved oxygen.Under oxygen-controlled conditions,the oxide film of T91 and T91-Al was attacked and broken by LBE,with the former eventually peeling off.In contrast,both materials showed significant ox-ide film thickening,except T91-Si under oxygen-saturated conditions.The addition of Al improved the quality of the inner oxide film on T91-Al by generating Al_(2)O_(3),thereby slowing down the diffusion of Fe from the matrix and enhancing oxidation resistance.Conversely,Si actively participated in the oxidation process of T91-Si,slowing down the diffusion of Fe,and facilitating the diffusion of Cr,thereby strength-ening the oxide film protection.Consequently,the oxide thickness of T91-Si material was only 24%of T91 and 35%of T91-Al under saturated oxygen conditions.展开更多
Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections,with a mortality rate of up to 20%-50%.Amphotericin B(AmB),a biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS)IV drug,significantly inh...Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections,with a mortality rate of up to 20%-50%.Amphotericin B(AmB),a biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS)IV drug,significantly inhibits Candida albicans.AmB is primarily administered via oral and intravenous infusion,but severe infusion adverse effects,nephrotoxicity,and potential hepatotoxicity limit its clinical application.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs),with excellent solubilization ability and skin permeability,are attractive for transdermal delivery.Herein,we used DESs to deliver AmB for antifungal therapy transdermally.We first prepared and characterized DESs with different stoichiometric ratios of choline(Ch)and geranate(Ge).DESs increased the solubility of AmB by a thousand-fold.In vitro and in vivo,skin permeation studies indicated that DES_(1:2)(Ch and Ge in 1:2 ratio)had the most outstanding penetration and delivered fluorescence dye to the dermis layer.Then,DES_(1:2)-AmB was prepared and in vitro antifungal tests demonstrated that DES_(1:2)-AmB had superior antifungal effects compared to AmB and DES_(1:2).Furthermore,DES_(1:2)-AmB was skin-irritating and biocompatible.In conclusion,DES-AmB provides a new and effective therapeutic solution for fungal infections.展开更多
The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community.For this purpose,deep eutecti...The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community.For this purpose,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are valued as electrolytes for their advantages of low operating temperature and wide electrochemical windows.At present,there is large amount of literature on this emerging field,but there are no specialized reviews of these studies.Here,after a brief introduction of DESs’concept and history,we comprehensively reviewed the lastest progress on the metal/alloy electrodeposition in DESs.Additionally,we discussed the key influence factors of the electrodeposition process and analyzed the corresponding mechanisms.Based on these,we emphasized the importance of the establishment of predictive models for dealing with the challenges in large-scale applications.展开更多
Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its prac...Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based batteries.Unexpectedly,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl_(2)electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter.The improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES electrolyte.Furthermore,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.This work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.展开更多
As a typical eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),AlCoCrFeNi2.1 exhibits excellent casting properties.However,the imbalance between strength and plasticity hinders its application as an advanced structural material.In or...As a typical eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),AlCoCrFeNi2.1 exhibits excellent casting properties.However,the imbalance between strength and plasticity hinders its application as an advanced structural material.In order to address this challenge,deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)as a new process applied in the field of EHEAs was proposed in this study.The effects of different DCT times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs were studied,mainly focusing on the flake structure of FCC+B2 layer.The experimental results suggest that with the extension of the DCT time,the dislocation density in the FCC phase increases significantly.The spherical BCC precipitate phase is generated within the B2 phase,and the average size of this newly generated precipitate phase gradually decreases.Increasing the number of dislocations and precipitate phases is of great significance to improve the mechanical properties.The AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties after DCT for 36 h.Compared with the as-cast state,the tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1,034.51 MPa,increased by 5.74%.The plasticity reaches 21.72%,which is increased by 11.79%.The results show that the tensile strength and ductility of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs are balanced and improved after DCT,which are more suitable as advanced structural materials.In addition,the introduction of the DCT process to EHEAs solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by traditional heat treatment process.This study provides useful guidance for using the DCT process to strengthen the mechanical properties of“lamellar+block”type EHEAs.展开更多
Nonflammable gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are intriguing owing to their flame-retardancy,high ionic conductivity and nonleakage properties.However,their application is critically hindered by unfavorable interfacial c...Nonflammable gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are intriguing owing to their flame-retardancy,high ionic conductivity and nonleakage properties.However,their application is critically hindered by unfavorable interfacial compatibility due to the incorporation of high-reactive solvents.Herein,we present an innovative solvent anchoring strategy to remold Li^(+)solvation structure,thus inducing an effective interfacial protective layer to alleviate adverse solvents decomposition.A nonflammable eutectic GPE(DIPE)is synthesized by in situ incorporating poly-ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate(PETPTA)polymer skeleton to flame-retardant LiTFSI-sulfolane(SL)-based deep eutectic solvent(DES).The “SL solvent anchoring”strategy is validated to rely on dipole-dipole intermolecular interaction between ACH_(2)groups on the PETPTA polymer skeleton and AO@S groups on SL solvents,which breaks the solvation dominance of SL solvents and directly suppresses their decomposition.It simultaneously facilitates reconstruction of a TFSI--dominated Li^(+)solvation sheath without increasing LiTFSI concentration,thereby fostering anion-derived SEI and CEI protective layers.Dynamic interfacial resistance evolution reveals accelerated interfacial Li^(+)transport kinetics in DIPE.Therefore,Li|DIPE|Li cell delivers remarkably enhanced Li reversibility with cycle life over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)and Li|DIPE|LCO cell achieves 90.7%capacity retention over 700 cycles at 0.3 C.This study opens an emerging avenue to remold Li^(+)solvation environment and enhance interfacial compatibility in GPE by manipulating the solvent-anchoring effect.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171046)National Natural Science Foundation of China-key programme(No.52234010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Shaanxi Provincial Key Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2023-CX-TD-14).
文摘Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics are considered as promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural materials due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties.Nonetheless,several challenges must be overcome before they can be widely used.This paper reviews in detail the tailoring of microstructure from the aspect of process parameters,the updated knowledge gained in microstructure(crystallographic orientation,high-resolution interfacial structures)and the latest means of optimizing eutectic microstructure(seed-induced method,introducing low-energy grain boundaries and high-entropy phase).Additionally,the paper explores future techniques for the fabrication of bulk ceramic materials and effective toughening approaches.This review highlights the achievements made especially in the last 15 years,current limitations in Al_(2)O_(3)-based eutectic ceramics,and offers comprehensive insights and strategic guidance for further mechanical breakthroughs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208221,22178221)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A1515011078,2024A1515011507)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20220818095805012,JCYJ20230808105109019)the Start-up Research Funding of Shenzhen University(No.868-000001032522).
文摘The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design concept of eutectic electrolyte is presented by mixing long chain polymer molecules,polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether(PEGDME),with H_(2)O based on zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate(Zn(OTf)2),to reconstruct the Zn^(2+)solvated structure and in situ modified the adsorption layer on Zn electrode surface.Molecular dynamics simulations(MD),density functional theory(DFT)calculations were combined with experiment to prove that the long-chain polymer-PEGDME could effectively reduce side reactions,change the solvation structure of the electrolyte and priority absorbed on Zn(002),achieving a stable dendrite-free Zn anode.Due to the comprehensive regulation of solvation structure and zinc deposition by PEGDME,it can stably cycle for over 3200 h at room temperature at 0.5 mA/cm^(2)and 0.5 mAh/cm^(2).Even at high-temperature environments of 60℃,it can steadily work for more than 800 cycles(1600 h).Improved cyclic stability and rate performance of aqueous Zn‖VO_(2)batteries in modified electrolyte were also achieved at both room and high temperatures.Beyond that,the demonstration of stable and high-capacity Zn‖VO_(2)pouch cells also implies its practical application.
基金supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872238,52074227,and 21806129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.3102018zy045 and 3102019AX11)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2024A1515010298)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2017JQ5116 and 2020JM-118)the Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing of CARDC(No.IADL20220401).
文摘Gels and conductive polymer composites,including hydrogen bonds(HBs),have emerged as promising materials for electro-magnetic wave(EMW)absorption across various applications.However,the relationship between conduction loss in EMW-absorbing materials and charge transfer in HB remains to be fully understood.In this study,we developed a series of deep eutectic gels to fine-tune the quantity of HB by adjusting the molar ratio of choline chloride(ChCl)and ethylene glycol(EG).Owing to the unique properties of deep eutectic gels,the effects of magnetic loss and polarization loss on EMW attenuation can be disregarded.Our results indicate that the quantity of HB initially increases and then decreases with the introduction of EG,with HB-induced conductive loss following similar pat-terns.At a ChCl and EG molar ratio of 2.4,the gel labeled G22-CE2.4 exhibited the best EMW absorption performance,characterized by an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.50 GHz and a thickness of 2.54 mm.This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic ef-fects of excellent conductive loss and impedance matching generated by the optimal number of HB.This work elucidates the role of HB in dielectric loss for the first time and provides valuable insights into the optimal design of supramolecular polymer absorbers.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300420021)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province(No.221100230200)+4 种基金the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories(No.SKLAR202210)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(No.232102241020)the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Henan Province(No.S202310464012)the Ph.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613480015)the Postdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613554001).
文摘Aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)have been regarded as promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to their advantages,such as low cost,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,AZIBs face significant challenges in limited stability and lifetime owing to zinc dendrite growth and serious side reactions caused by water molecules in the aqueous electrolyte during cycling.To address these issues,a new eutectic electrolyte based on Zn(ClO_(4))_(2)·6H_(2)O-N-methylacetamide(ZN)is proposed in this work.Compared with aqueous electrolyte,the ZN eutectic electrolyte containing organic N-methylacetamide could regulate the solvated structure of Zn^(2+),effectively suppressing zinc dendrite growth and side reactions.As a result,the Zn//NH4 V4 O10 full cell with the eutectic ZN-1-3 electrolyte demonstrates significantly enhanced cycling stability after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Therefore,this study not only presents a new eutectic electrolyte for zinc-ion batteries but also provides a deep understanding of the influence of Zn^(2+)solvation structure on the cycle stability,contributing to the exploration of novel electrolytes for high-performance AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130204,52174376,52202070,51822405)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120028)+6 种基金TQ Innovation Foundation(No.23-TQ09-02-ZT-01-005)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20220042053001)Science and Technology Innovation Team Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2021TD-17)Key R&D Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-220)Thousands Person Plan of Jiangxi Province(JXSQ2020102131)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.D5000230348,D5000220057)China Scholarship Council(Nos.202206290133,202306290190).
文摘As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.
基金financially supported by the Original Exploration Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52150079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20130,U2004215,and 51974280)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(No.232300421196)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory of China(Nos.GJJSGFYQ202304,GJJSGFJQ202306,GJJSGFYQ202323,GJJSGFYQ202308,and GJJSGFYQ202307)。
文摘Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52305349)Heilongjiang Touyan Team(HITTY-20190036)+2 种基金Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LH2023E033)CGN-HIT Advanced Nuclear and New Energy Research Institute(CGN-HIT202305)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0518)。
文摘The effect of deformation resistance of AlCr_(1.3)TiNi_(2) eutectic high-entropy alloys under various current densities and strain rates was investigated during electrically-assisted compression.Results show that at current density of 60 A/mm^(2) and strain rate of 0.1 s^(−1),the ultimate tensile stress shows a significant decrease from approximately 3000 MPa to 1900 MPa with reduction ratio of about 36.7%.However,as current density increases,elongation decreases due to intermediate temperature embrittlement.This is because the current induces Joule effect,which then leads to stress concentration and more defect formation.Moreover,the flow stress is decreased with the increase in strain rate at constant current density.
基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20220831092800001)。
文摘The microstructure of single crystal superalloy is relatively simple,consisting primarily ofγdendrites andγ/γ′eutectics.During the directional solidification process of Ni-based single crystal superalloys,withdrawal rate is a critical parameter affecting the spatial distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic along gravity direction.The results show that theγ/γ′eutectic fraction of the upper platform surface is always higher than that of the lower one,regardless of withdrawal rate.As the withdrawal rate decreases,there is a significant increase inγ/γ′eutectic fraction on the upper surface,while it decreases on the lower surface.The upward accumulation ofγ/γ′eutectic becomes more severe as the withdrawal rate decreases.It is also found that the percentage of Al+Ta is positively correlated with theγ/γ′eutectic fraction.Thermo-solute convection of Al and Ta solutes in the solidification front is the prime reason for the non-uniform distribution of eutectic.The non-uniform distribution ofγ/γ′eutectic cannot be eliminated even after subsequent solution heat treatment,resulting in excess eutectic on the upper surface and thus leading to the scrapping of the blade.
基金Funded by the Key Industry Innovation Chain(Group)Project of Shaanxi Province,China(No.2019ZDLGY 04-04)the Project of Yulin Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023-CXY-197)。
文摘Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites with solidification rates of 6,20,30,and 80μm/s were prepared by a modified Bridgman directional solidification technology.The coarse Fe_(2)Ta(Al)Laves phase was precipitated at the eutectic colony boundary during the solidification process,which can affect the stability of microstructure and properties of the composites.The coarse Laves phase was refined using different heat treatment processes in the present paper.The influences of different heat treatment parameters on the Laves phase content,lamella/rod spacing,and mechanical properties were investigated in detail.In addition,the corrosion behaviors of Fe(Al,Ta)/Fe_(2)Ta(Al)eutectic composites before and after being annealed heat treatment in a 3 g/L Na_(2)S_(2)O_(3)solution were also studied.It is shown that both the content of Laves phase and lamella/rod spacing are gradually decreased after heat treatment.Micro-hardness is decreased,while the yield strength,compressive strength,and corrosion resistance are improved.The optimum heat treatment process is selected as well.
基金financial supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Education Department(No.24KJB430003)the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240979)+3 种基金support of Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220628)the National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(52301130)the Changzhou Sci&Tech program(No.GJ20220153)support of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial Education Department(No.21KJB430001).
文摘Traditional metals often exhibit a trade-offbetween strength and plasticity,limiting their wide application of metals in aerospace,transportation,energy industry and other fields[1-3].In order to overcome this dilemma,high-entropy alloys(HEAs),proposed by Yeh et al.and Cantor et al.,are currently of great interest in the materials community due to their excellent mechanical properties[4-7].To further promote the wide application of HEAs in industrial production,Lu et al.developed a new eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEAs)by combining the potential advantages of traditional eutectic alloys and HEAs[8-11].
基金support by the Department of Science&Technology of Zhejiang Province under grant No.2024C01095the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang under grant No.RF-C2022008the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant Nos.U20A20253,52372235,and 22279116。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications.This interest is primarily due to their abundant resource availability,environmental friendliness,cost-effectiveness,and high safety.However,their electrochemical performance is limited by the thermodynamic properties of water molecules,resulting in inadequate cycling stability and insufficient specific energy density.To address these challenges,this study developed a hydrogen-bond enhanced urea-glycerol eutectic electrolyte(UGE)to expand the electrochemical stability window(ESW)of the electrolyte and suppress corresponding side reactions.The eutectic component disrupts the original hydrogen bonding network in water,creating a new,enhanced network that reduces the activity of free water and forms a uniform,dense passivation layer on the anode.As a result,the optimized composition of UGE exhibits a broad ESW of up to 3 V(-1.44 to 1.6 V vs.Ag/AgCl).The Prussian blue(PB)/UGE/NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C full cell exhibits an exceptionally long lifespan of 10,000 cycles at 10 C.This study introduces a low-cost,ultra-long-life ASIB system,utilizing a green and economical eutectic electrolyte,which expands the use of eutectic electrolytes in aqueous batteries and opens a new research horizon for constructing efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
基金supported by the Nuclear Technology R&D Program.
文摘This work investigated the original microstructure of cold-worked alumina-forming austenitic steel,along with its precipitation and dissolution corrosion behaviors in lead-bismuth eutectic with 10-8 wt.%oxygen at 600℃,using solution-annealed steel for comparison.Anomalously,cold-worked steel presented milder corrosion compared to solution-annealed steel,with average corrosion depths of 314.3 and 401.0μm after 1700 h exposure.Cold working-induced de-twinning transformed the annealing twin boundaries into normal high-angle grain boundaries(NGBs),increasing NGBs proportion from 36%to 89%.The increased NGBs provided more nucleation sites for intergranular barriers composed of alternate NiAl and M23C6 precipitates,thus better obstructing the dissolution attack.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51904005,52304362)the Key Research Foundation of University in Anhui Province,China(No.2023AH051113)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,China(No.2022IRERE203)the Distinguished Young Research Project of Anhui Higher Education Institution,China(No.2023AH020017)。
文摘Copper nanosheets and sulfur particles were synthesized synchronously by electrolysis,after dissolving Cu_(2)S in ChCl-thiourea(TU)deep eutectic solvent(DES)system.The optimized electrolysis conditions of 0.9 V,80℃,and 2 h resulted in the deposition of pure nano-sized copper sheets with a length of approximately 500 nm and a thickness of approximately 30 nm,and the production of sulfur particles with an average size of approximately 10μm.The morphology of the cathodic products was significantly influenced by the electrolysis voltage.When Cu_(2)S was introduced into ChCl-TU,it dissolved[CuCl_(2)]^(-)without disrupting the structure of the choline ion(Ch^(+)).As the electrolysis time increased,the copper deposition changed from wire to sheet growth,with the growth direction from radial to epitaxial along the substrate and back to radial.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51931005,52171048)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2020ZDLGY12-02).
文摘A heterogeneous CoNiCr_(2)eutectic medium-entropy alloy(EMEA),comprising soft face-centered cubic(FCC)and hard body-centered cubic(BCC)lamellae,associated with minor acicular hexagonal close-packed(HCP)phase precipitated in BCC phase,was synthesized towards excellent tensile strength and ductility synergy.The tensile mechanical properties demonstrated that this alloy was temperature-dependent,i.e.,when the testing temperature reduced from room temperature(RT)to liquid nitrogen temperature(LNT),the yield strength,ultimate strength,and uniform elongation were enhanced from 449 MPa,821 MPa,and 5.0%to 702 MPa,1174 MPa,and 8.4%,respectively.The prominent elevation of yield strength at LNT mainly resulted from the dramatically enhanced lattice friction stress(σ0)and the FCC-BCC interfacial strengthening,while the improved ductility was attributed to the superior crack-arrest capability of FCC matrix stemmed from the accumulation of stacking faults(SFs)and enhancedσ0 at LNT.Additionally,although the deformation mechanisms were dominated by planar dislocation glides and SFs at both temperatures,the initiation of premature cracks in the BCC phase due to the inferior deformation capability at LNT constrained the better strength-ductility trade-off.The cracks in the BCC phase tended to propagate along the BCC-HCP interfaces because of the strain incompatibility.Further-more,the sub-nanoscale L1_(2) particles in the FCC matrix could not only strengthen this alloy but also im-prove the stacking fault energy leading to no deformation twinning even at LNT.This work may provide a guide for the design of remarkable strength and ductility synergy EMEAs combined with outstanding castability for applications at cryogenic temperatures.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0405901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52375155 and 51875398).
文摘The study investigated the oxidation behavior of T91 steel modified with Al(T91-Al)and Si(T91-Si)in lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE)at 450℃under oxygen-saturated conditions(10^(−7)-10^(−8)wt.%)and oxygen-controlled conditions(3.2×10^(−4)wt.%).Advanced characterization techniques were employed to under-stand the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of enhanced oxidation properties of the modified T91 steel.The results indicate that the oxidation resistance of the materials follows this order:T91<T91-Al<T91-Si.Noteworthy,the oxidation resistance of T91-Si material exhibited minimal correlation with dissolved oxygen.Under oxygen-controlled conditions,the oxide film of T91 and T91-Al was attacked and broken by LBE,with the former eventually peeling off.In contrast,both materials showed significant ox-ide film thickening,except T91-Si under oxygen-saturated conditions.The addition of Al improved the quality of the inner oxide film on T91-Al by generating Al_(2)O_(3),thereby slowing down the diffusion of Fe from the matrix and enhancing oxidation resistance.Conversely,Si actively participated in the oxidation process of T91-Si,slowing down the diffusion of Fe,and facilitating the diffusion of Cr,thereby strength-ening the oxide film protection.Consequently,the oxide thickness of T91-Si material was only 24%of T91 and 35%of T91-Al under saturated oxygen conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872823,82073782,and 82241002)the Key R&D Plan of Ganjiang New District of Jiangxi(No.2023010).
文摘Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens causing invasive fungal infections,with a mortality rate of up to 20%-50%.Amphotericin B(AmB),a biopharmaceutics classification system(BCS)IV drug,significantly inhibits Candida albicans.AmB is primarily administered via oral and intravenous infusion,but severe infusion adverse effects,nephrotoxicity,and potential hepatotoxicity limit its clinical application.Deep eutectic solvents(DESs),with excellent solubilization ability and skin permeability,are attractive for transdermal delivery.Herein,we used DESs to deliver AmB for antifungal therapy transdermally.We first prepared and characterized DESs with different stoichiometric ratios of choline(Ch)and geranate(Ge).DESs increased the solubility of AmB by a thousand-fold.In vitro and in vivo,skin permeation studies indicated that DES_(1:2)(Ch and Ge in 1:2 ratio)had the most outstanding penetration and delivered fluorescence dye to the dermis layer.Then,DES_(1:2)-AmB was prepared and in vitro antifungal tests demonstrated that DES_(1:2)-AmB had superior antifungal effects compared to AmB and DES_(1:2).Furthermore,DES_(1:2)-AmB was skin-irritating and biocompatible.In conclusion,DES-AmB provides a new and effective therapeutic solution for fungal infections.
基金financially supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274291,52204305)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,China(No.1740011182102).
文摘The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community.For this purpose,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are valued as electrolytes for their advantages of low operating temperature and wide electrochemical windows.At present,there is large amount of literature on this emerging field,but there are no specialized reviews of these studies.Here,after a brief introduction of DESs’concept and history,we comprehensively reviewed the lastest progress on the metal/alloy electrodeposition in DESs.Additionally,we discussed the key influence factors of the electrodeposition process and analyzed the corresponding mechanisms.Based on these,we emphasized the importance of the establishment of predictive models for dealing with the challenges in large-scale applications.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52202253,52072173)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220914)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ILA22061,ILA22075)Large Instrument and Equipment Sharing Fund of NUAA.
文摘Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based batteries.Unexpectedly,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl_(2)electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter.The improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES electrolyte.Furthermore,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.This work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52301061,52204394)the Joint Fund Project of Science and Technology Plan of Liaoning Province(No.2023-MSLH-250)the Science and the Technology Program of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.JYTQN2023286)。
文摘As a typical eutectic high-entropy alloy(EHEA),AlCoCrFeNi2.1 exhibits excellent casting properties.However,the imbalance between strength and plasticity hinders its application as an advanced structural material.In order to address this challenge,deep cryogenic treatment(DCT)as a new process applied in the field of EHEAs was proposed in this study.The effects of different DCT times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs were studied,mainly focusing on the flake structure of FCC+B2 layer.The experimental results suggest that with the extension of the DCT time,the dislocation density in the FCC phase increases significantly.The spherical BCC precipitate phase is generated within the B2 phase,and the average size of this newly generated precipitate phase gradually decreases.Increasing the number of dislocations and precipitate phases is of great significance to improve the mechanical properties.The AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEA exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties after DCT for 36 h.Compared with the as-cast state,the tensile strength at room temperature reaches 1,034.51 MPa,increased by 5.74%.The plasticity reaches 21.72%,which is increased by 11.79%.The results show that the tensile strength and ductility of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 EHEAs are balanced and improved after DCT,which are more suitable as advanced structural materials.In addition,the introduction of the DCT process to EHEAs solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by traditional heat treatment process.This study provides useful guidance for using the DCT process to strengthen the mechanical properties of“lamellar+block”type EHEAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172214,52472220,52272221,52171182)Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province(202102003)+2 种基金The“New 20 Clauses about Colleges and Universities”Program of Jinan(202228107)the Qilu Young Scholar Programthe HPC Cloud Platform of Shandong University are also acknowledged。
文摘Nonflammable gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)are intriguing owing to their flame-retardancy,high ionic conductivity and nonleakage properties.However,their application is critically hindered by unfavorable interfacial compatibility due to the incorporation of high-reactive solvents.Herein,we present an innovative solvent anchoring strategy to remold Li^(+)solvation structure,thus inducing an effective interfacial protective layer to alleviate adverse solvents decomposition.A nonflammable eutectic GPE(DIPE)is synthesized by in situ incorporating poly-ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate(PETPTA)polymer skeleton to flame-retardant LiTFSI-sulfolane(SL)-based deep eutectic solvent(DES).The “SL solvent anchoring”strategy is validated to rely on dipole-dipole intermolecular interaction between ACH_(2)groups on the PETPTA polymer skeleton and AO@S groups on SL solvents,which breaks the solvation dominance of SL solvents and directly suppresses their decomposition.It simultaneously facilitates reconstruction of a TFSI--dominated Li^(+)solvation sheath without increasing LiTFSI concentration,thereby fostering anion-derived SEI and CEI protective layers.Dynamic interfacial resistance evolution reveals accelerated interfacial Li^(+)transport kinetics in DIPE.Therefore,Li|DIPE|Li cell delivers remarkably enhanced Li reversibility with cycle life over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)and Li|DIPE|LCO cell achieves 90.7%capacity retention over 700 cycles at 0.3 C.This study opens an emerging avenue to remold Li^(+)solvation environment and enhance interfacial compatibility in GPE by manipulating the solvent-anchoring effect.
