Vehicle tracking plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, and video surveillance. However, challenges such as occlusion, multi-target interference, and nonlinear motion in dynamic scenar...Vehicle tracking plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, and video surveillance. However, challenges such as occlusion, multi-target interference, and nonlinear motion in dynamic scenarios make tracking accuracy and stability a focus of ongoing research. This paper proposes an integrated method combining YOLOv8 object detection with adaptive Kalman filtering. The approach employs a support vector machine (SVM) to dynamically select the optimal filter (including standard Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, and unscented Kalman filter), enhancing the system’s adaptability to different motion patterns. Additionally, an error feedback mechanism is incorporated to dynamically adjust filter parameters, further improving responsiveness to sudden events. Experimental results on the KITTI and UA-DETRAC datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves detection accuracy (mAP@0.5 increased by approximately 3%), tracking accuracy (MOTA improved by 5%), and system robustness, providing an efficient solution for vehicle tracking in complex environments.展开更多
In this paper, we discuss the effects of error feedback on the output of a nonlinear bistable system with stochastic resonance. The bit error rate is employed to quantify the performance of the system. The theoretical...In this paper, we discuss the effects of error feedback on the output of a nonlinear bistable system with stochastic resonance. The bit error rate is employed to quantify the performance of the system. The theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation are presented. By investigating the performances of the nonlinear systems with different strengths of error feedback, we argue that the presented system may provide guidance for practical nonlinear signal processing.展开更多
Time-interleaved structure can promote the equivalent processing speed of a digital signal processing system. An improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( TI-EF-DSM)for digital transmitter applic...Time-interleaved structure can promote the equivalent processing speed of a digital signal processing system. An improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( TI-EF-DSM)for digital transmitter application is presented in this paper. Two TI-EF-DSMs are compared,one is a conventional directly implemented and the other is the improved. The processing speed of the proposed two-channel improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( ITI-EF-DSM) is higher than the conventional directly implemented TI-EF-DSM for shortened critical path. A digital transmitter based on the ITI-EF-DSM is implemented on field progrmmable gate array( FPGA). The long term evolution( LTE) signals with different bandwidths of 5 MHz,10 MHz and 20 MHz are used as the signal source to evaluate the transmitter. The achieved SNR is 41 dB for the 20 MHz LTE signal with the processing clock of only 184 MHz.展开更多
This study explores how error feedback is practiced by Chinese tertiary EFL teachers with its focus on the extent and modes of error feedback, types of focused errors, feedback strategies, and perceptions and attitude...This study explores how error feedback is practiced by Chinese tertiary EFL teachers with its focus on the extent and modes of error feedback, types of focused errors, feedback strategies, and perceptions and attitudes of concern. Analysis of the data from questionnaires, interviews and sample writings indicates that error feedback was extensively practiced in both comprehensive and selective modes. When providing feedback, teachers tended to focus on diction problems and ill-formed sentences, and mainly used the strategies of ＂direct feedback＂ and ＂hinting at the location of errors＂. Despite their expectations on students to locate and correct errors, teachers were found more concerned with the immediate goal of helping students avoid making the same errors than helping them learn on their own. As for the students, they expected teachers to provide comprehensive error feedback and make frequent use of error codes. This paper finally points out that for more effective error feedback, various feedback strategies should be used by teachers and self-correction and peer review should be conducted by students.展开更多
As the number of Chinese international students studying in the U.S. has grown dramatically in recent years, there has been increasing attention to how English Composition instructors approach these students＇ writing...As the number of Chinese international students studying in the U.S. has grown dramatically in recent years, there has been increasing attention to how English Composition instructors approach these students＇ writings. Using a dialogue format representing ＂narratives of classroom life＂ （Nelson, 2011a）, this paper demonstrates two polemic views held by teachers and researchers： one view sees students＇ language use as problematic as it differs from the expected standards required for academic success in the U.S., while the other calls for more tolerance of the students＇ linguistic and cultural diversity and accordingly, more strategic ways to give ＂error feedback.＂ By opening up the debate, the paper explores possibilities for teachers in the U.S. and around the world to help their students address the gap between academic expectations, and what they are currently capable of.展开更多
This paper is aimed at investigating the different ways of English teachers correcting errors in second language acquisition in classroom and offering constructive pedagogical proposal on error correction in oral Engl...This paper is aimed at investigating the different ways of English teachers correcting errors in second language acquisition in classroom and offering constructive pedagogical proposal on error correction in oral English class. Transcripts totaling450 minutes of classroom interaction taken from 5 non-native English classes of different types(reading, writing, speaking, and integrated English learning) were analyzed on error correction and feedback in second language acquisition. Results include the frequency and distribution of the six different feedback types used by five teachers. The findings here illustrate an overwhelming tendency for teachers to use recasts in class. Four other feedback types-elicitation, metalinguistic feedback, clarification request,and repetition—lead to student-generated repair more successfully and are thus able to initiate what the authors characterize as the negotiation of form.展开更多
Feedbacks given by teachers is possibly a common instruction in second language writing classes, to help students makeprogress in writing. At one time, feedback was almost entirely at a superficial level--identifying ...Feedbacks given by teachers is possibly a common instruction in second language writing classes, to help students makeprogress in writing. At one time, feedback was almost entirely at a superficial level--identifying the grammatical errors and givingthe correct form. However, recently, this type of feedback has begun to be challenged by some researchers(eg.,Krashen, 1984, Trus-cott, 1996),who argue that teachers should be more concerned with the content of essay instead of grammatical errors. This essaywill discuss some research surrounding feedback to students' writing and will try to find the answer to the question whether the er-ror corrective feedback should be abandoned. In order to find the answer, the essay will elaborate on two parts: some literary reviewabout the issue and some suggested solutions to the issue.展开更多
To enhance encoding efficiency, an unequal error protection （UEP） broadcast scheme based on one additional feedback is proposed. Different from the equal probability selection for source packets in traditional fount...To enhance encoding efficiency, an unequal error protection （UEP） broadcast scheme based on one additional feedback is proposed. Different from the equal probability selection for source packets in traditional fountain encoding, the proposed scheme calculates the packet loss ratio （PLR） according to the feedback results in systematic broadcast phase （SBP） and then optimizes the selection probability for source packets to guarantee higher level error protection for those source packets with larger PLRs. Thus the amount of unnecessarily redundant encoded packets during encoding broadcast phase （EBP） is decreased significantly. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can recover 60% more packets than the traditional non-feedback broadcast scheme at the ex- pense of tolerably only one feedback procedure.展开更多
Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this ...Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.展开更多
文摘Vehicle tracking plays a crucial role in intelligent transportation, autonomous driving, and video surveillance. However, challenges such as occlusion, multi-target interference, and nonlinear motion in dynamic scenarios make tracking accuracy and stability a focus of ongoing research. This paper proposes an integrated method combining YOLOv8 object detection with adaptive Kalman filtering. The approach employs a support vector machine (SVM) to dynamically select the optimal filter (including standard Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter, and unscented Kalman filter), enhancing the system’s adaptability to different motion patterns. Additionally, an error feedback mechanism is incorporated to dynamically adjust filter parameters, further improving responsiveness to sudden events. Experimental results on the KITTI and UA-DETRAC datasets demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves detection accuracy (mAP@0.5 increased by approximately 3%), tracking accuracy (MOTA improved by 5%), and system robustness, providing an efficient solution for vehicle tracking in complex environments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61171147 and 60702022)
文摘In this paper, we discuss the effects of error feedback on the output of a nonlinear bistable system with stochastic resonance. The bit error rate is employed to quantify the performance of the system. The theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation are presented. By investigating the performances of the nonlinear systems with different strengths of error feedback, we argue that the presented system may provide guidance for practical nonlinear signal processing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61674037)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0800400)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe National Power Grid Corp Science and Technology Project(No.SGTYHT/16-JS-198)the State Grid Nanjing Power Supply Company Project(No.1701052)
文摘Time-interleaved structure can promote the equivalent processing speed of a digital signal processing system. An improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( TI-EF-DSM)for digital transmitter application is presented in this paper. Two TI-EF-DSMs are compared,one is a conventional directly implemented and the other is the improved. The processing speed of the proposed two-channel improved time-interleaved error feedback delta sigma modulator( ITI-EF-DSM) is higher than the conventional directly implemented TI-EF-DSM for shortened critical path. A digital transmitter based on the ITI-EF-DSM is implemented on field progrmmable gate array( FPGA). The long term evolution( LTE) signals with different bandwidths of 5 MHz,10 MHz and 20 MHz are used as the signal source to evaluate the transmitter. The achieved SNR is 41 dB for the 20 MHz LTE signal with the processing clock of only 184 MHz.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Planning Project of Education Science (2010GZ079)China National Social Sciences Foundation (10BYY026)
文摘This study explores how error feedback is practiced by Chinese tertiary EFL teachers with its focus on the extent and modes of error feedback, types of focused errors, feedback strategies, and perceptions and attitudes of concern. Analysis of the data from questionnaires, interviews and sample writings indicates that error feedback was extensively practiced in both comprehensive and selective modes. When providing feedback, teachers tended to focus on diction problems and ill-formed sentences, and mainly used the strategies of ＂direct feedback＂ and ＂hinting at the location of errors＂. Despite their expectations on students to locate and correct errors, teachers were found more concerned with the immediate goal of helping students avoid making the same errors than helping them learn on their own. As for the students, they expected teachers to provide comprehensive error feedback and make frequent use of error codes. This paper finally points out that for more effective error feedback, various feedback strategies should be used by teachers and self-correction and peer review should be conducted by students.
文摘As the number of Chinese international students studying in the U.S. has grown dramatically in recent years, there has been increasing attention to how English Composition instructors approach these students＇ writings. Using a dialogue format representing ＂narratives of classroom life＂ （Nelson, 2011a）, this paper demonstrates two polemic views held by teachers and researchers： one view sees students＇ language use as problematic as it differs from the expected standards required for academic success in the U.S., while the other calls for more tolerance of the students＇ linguistic and cultural diversity and accordingly, more strategic ways to give ＂error feedback.＂ By opening up the debate, the paper explores possibilities for teachers in the U.S. and around the world to help their students address the gap between academic expectations, and what they are currently capable of.
文摘This paper is aimed at investigating the different ways of English teachers correcting errors in second language acquisition in classroom and offering constructive pedagogical proposal on error correction in oral English class. Transcripts totaling450 minutes of classroom interaction taken from 5 non-native English classes of different types(reading, writing, speaking, and integrated English learning) were analyzed on error correction and feedback in second language acquisition. Results include the frequency and distribution of the six different feedback types used by five teachers. The findings here illustrate an overwhelming tendency for teachers to use recasts in class. Four other feedback types-elicitation, metalinguistic feedback, clarification request,and repetition—lead to student-generated repair more successfully and are thus able to initiate what the authors characterize as the negotiation of form.
文摘Feedbacks given by teachers is possibly a common instruction in second language writing classes, to help students makeprogress in writing. At one time, feedback was almost entirely at a superficial level--identifying the grammatical errors and givingthe correct form. However, recently, this type of feedback has begun to be challenged by some researchers(eg.,Krashen, 1984, Trus-cott, 1996),who argue that teachers should be more concerned with the content of essay instead of grammatical errors. This essaywill discuss some research surrounding feedback to students' writing and will try to find the answer to the question whether the er-ror corrective feedback should be abandoned. In order to find the answer, the essay will elaborate on two parts: some literary reviewabout the issue and some suggested solutions to the issue.
基金Supported by China National S&T Major Project(2013ZX03003002003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61371075)"111"Project of China(B14010)
文摘To enhance encoding efficiency, an unequal error protection （UEP） broadcast scheme based on one additional feedback is proposed. Different from the equal probability selection for source packets in traditional fountain encoding, the proposed scheme calculates the packet loss ratio （PLR） according to the feedback results in systematic broadcast phase （SBP） and then optimizes the selection probability for source packets to guarantee higher level error protection for those source packets with larger PLRs. Thus the amount of unnecessarily redundant encoded packets during encoding broadcast phase （EBP） is decreased significantly. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can recover 60% more packets than the traditional non-feedback broadcast scheme at the ex- pense of tolerably only one feedback procedure.
文摘Radar leveling system is the key equipment for improving the radar mobility and survival capability. A combined quantitative feedback theory (QFT) controller is designed for the radar truck leveling simulator in this paper, which suffers from strong nonlinearities and system parameter uncertainties. QFT can reduce the plant uncertainties and stabilize the system, but it fails to obtain high-precision tracking. This drawback can be solved by a robust QFT control scheme based on zero phase error tracking control (ZPETC) compensation. The combined controller not only possesses high robustness, but greatly improves the system performance. To verify the effiectiveness and the potential of the proposed controller, a series of experiments have been carried out. Experimental results have demonstrated its robustness against a large range of parameters variation and high tracking precision performance, as well as its capability of restraining the load coupling among channels. The combined QFT controller can drive the radar truck leveling platform accurately, quickly and stably.
