This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extens...Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.展开更多
Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.T...Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.The index integrates four dimensions:participation subject,time allocation,content type,and fairness perception,aiming to explore the fairness level of housework division and group differences in Chinese households.The results show that the overall fairness of housework division in Chinese households is relatively low:the mean value of the index(after 10,000-fold linear expansion)is 0.0632,showing a significant right-skewed distribution,with most households concentrated in the"low-fairness"range and only a few achieving relatively balanced division.Significant group differences exist:rural households have a slightly higher housework division index(0.0659)than urban households(0.0608);male respondents have a higher index(0.0660)than female respondents(0.0603);and the high-education group has a significantly lower index(0.0501)than the low-education group(0.0653).The fairness of housework division is jointly influenced by structural factors and perceptual factors,with an obvious"concept-action gap":74.02%of respondents perceive housework division as"fair",but the low index level indicates this perception mostly stems from normative adaptation rather than objective balance.This study provides empirical evidence for optimizing family labor allocation and promoting gender equality.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of ...[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.展开更多
In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights ...In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.展开更多
Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three pr...Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.展开更多
Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven facto...Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.展开更多
This paper deals with the multi-index assessment method for evaluating coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite. Because a series of satellite activities such as imaging, moving target observation, and envir...This paper deals with the multi-index assessment method for evaluating coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite. Because a series of satellite activities such as imaging, moving target observation, and environment investigation need to know the coverage characteristics, the coverage capability of the remote sensing satellite is the most important index. Thus, it is very important to establish the method of effectiveness evaluation of coverage characteristics. This paper focuses on the assessment of coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite, and proposes and designs a multi-index evaluation method based on index weight using entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process. With a simulation case, the effectiveness evaluation results of single satellite coverage and multi-satellite coverage performance are given for the proposed assessment.The experimental results show that the established coverage characteristic model and the proposed assessment method are effective and right.展开更多
This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzz...This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.展开更多
Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of...Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the foundation for the rational use of land resources and urban planning.On the basis of the geological conditions used by preceding researchers,this study adds the analysis of two influencing factors of social and economic value,alongside existing facilities and protection needs.The evaluation index is quantified and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed.Finally,taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example,the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out.The results show that for shallow underground space,the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high.Nantou,Nanshan and Yuehai streets are recommended as areas to actively develop underground space,whereas the Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be used with caution in the development and construction of their underground space.In addition,this study also provides a reference for the purposes of underground space planning in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.展开更多
Due to complex geological structures and a narrow safe mud density window,offshore fractured formations frequently encounter severe lost circulation(LC)during drilling,significantly hindering oil and gas exploration a...Due to complex geological structures and a narrow safe mud density window,offshore fractured formations frequently encounter severe lost circulation(LC)during drilling,significantly hindering oil and gas exploration and development.Predicting LC risks enables the targeted implementation of mitigation strategies,thereby reducing the frequency of such incidents.To address the limitations of existing 3D geomechanical modeling in predicting LC,such as arbitrary factor selection,subjective weight assignment,and the inability to achieve pre-drilling prediction along the entire well section,an improved prediction method is proposed.This method integrates multi-source data and incorporates three LC-related sensitivity factors:fracture characteristics,rock brittleness,and in-situ stress conditions.A quantitative risk assessment model for LC is developed by combining the subjective analytic hierarchy process with the objective entropy weight method(EWM)to assign weights.Subsequently,3D geomechanical modeling is applied to identify regional risk zones,enabling digital visualization for pre-drilling risk prediction.The developed 3D LC risk prediction model was validated using actual LC incidents from drilled wells.Results were generally consistent with field-identified LC zones,with an average relative error of 19.08%,confirming its reliability.This method provides practical guidance for mitigating potential LC risks and optimizing drilling program designs in fractured formations.展开更多
Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in...Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,plays a critical role in maintaining the ecological security pattern in this region.However,this sandy land also faces severe sandy desertification and ecological degradation.This study conducted a regional eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land using a comprehensive index evaluation method based on eco-geological theories and survey results.To construct an appropriate index system for the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land,the study considered the sandy land’s unique characteristics and identified 15 factors of five categories,namely geology,meteorology,soil,topography,and vegetation.The paper calculated the comprehensive weights of all the indices using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the entropy weight method(EWM).Furthermore,it established the eco-geological vulnerability index(EGVI)and obtained the assessment results.The results showed that the eco-geological vulnerability of the Mu Us Sandy Land gradually intensifies from east to west,manifested as vulnerable eco-geological conditions overall.Specifically,extremely vulnerable zones are found in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area,highly vulnerable zones in the western and southern parts,moderately vulnerable zones in the central part,and slightly and potentially vulnerable zones in the eastern and southern parts.Areas with high spatial autocorrelations include the northern Uxin Banner-Otog Banner-Angsu Town area,the surrounding areas of Hongdunjie Town in the southeastern part of the study area,the Hongshiqiao Township-Xiaohaotu Township area,Otog Front Banner,and Bainijing Town,which should be prioritized in the ecological conservation and restoration.Additionally,the paper proposed suggestions for the ecological conservation and restoration of county-level administrative areas in the study area.Overall,the findings provide a valuable reference for the ecological conservation and restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land and other desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions.展开更多
Objective:To explore factors influencing the Qi-stagnation constitution in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)through mathematical and computational methods,aiming to early prevention and treatment of related diseases.M...Objective:To explore factors influencing the Qi-stagnation constitution in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)through mathematical and computational methods,aiming to early prevention and treatment of related diseases.Methods:The traditional grey correlation analysis,improved with the entropy weight method and Euclidean distance,was applied to investigate factors influencing the Qi-stagnation constitution.The top five factors identified before and after the improvement were used to construct random forest models.Results:A total of 1342 Qi-stagnation constitution identification data sets were collected.The grey correlation degree of each influencing factor progressively decreased during the transition from the traditional to the improved grey correlation analysis method.The random forest model built using the traditional grey correlation analysis method achieved prediction accuracies of 75.61%for the training set and 67.99%on the validation set.The random forest model developed using the improved grey correlation analysis method achieved prediction accuracies of 89.78%on the training set and 81.64%on the validation set,outperforming the model based on the traditional methods.Conclusions:The improved grey correlation analysis method is more suitable for analyzing the influencing factors of the Qi-stagnation constitution.This study offers a new approach and is a reference for research on TCM constitutions.展开更多
The Beibu Gulf Basin is an important oil-and gas-bearing basin offshore the China Sea,but the geological reserves of oil and gas are not very high,and there are significant differences between different sags.Previous ...The Beibu Gulf Basin is an important oil-and gas-bearing basin offshore the China Sea,but the geological reserves of oil and gas are not very high,and there are significant differences between different sags.Previous studies have shown that the formation and accumulation of oil and gas are closely related to deep structures,especially the crustal thickness or the relative undulation characteristics between the Moho and basement,but there is a lack of specific evaluation and quantitative standards.In this paper,we first invert the depth of the Moho in the Beibu Gulf Basin using satellite gravity anomalies and calculate the crustal thickness value based on this.Then,we count and analyze the crustal thickness value as well as the stretching factor that characterizes the crustal extension and thinning degree,and find that the NWW-trending contour closure of the 28 km Moho depth or 26 km crustal thickness corresponds significantly to the Weixinan-Fushan sag belt,which has already been proven to have considerable oil and gas discoveries,with a typical feature of crustal thinning to 22 km and the stretching factor reaching 1.1.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme based on the entropy weight method to normalize and evaluate the statistical features of the crust,and take a comprehensive score of Si>0.5 as an evaluation indicator for an oil-gas-rich sag.Based on this research,we believe that the Haizhong sag has considerable exploratory potential,followed by the Maichen sag,while the Leidong and Haitoubei sags have relatively smaller exploratory potential.The research results will help strategic decision-making of the oil and gas exploration in the Beibu Gulf Basin and provide new perspectives for studying the relationship between deep structures and the differential distribution of oil-gas-rich sags.展开更多
Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evalua...Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evaluated through a multidimensional framework encompassing market dynamics,macroeconomic factors,financial stability,governance,supply chains,and production safety.By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)with entropy weighting,a hybrid weighting model that mitigates the limitations of singular methods is established.The analysis of this study identifies financial risk(weight:0.347)and production safety(weight:0.298)as dominant risk drivers.These quantitative insights offer a basis for resource prioritization and targeted risk mitigation strategies in chemical enterprises.展开更多
New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed...New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.展开更多
This study examines the degree of urban‒rural integrated development(URID)and its determinants across 41 cities within the YRDR during the period spanning from 2012 to 2021 by employing the entropy weighting method an...This study examines the degree of urban‒rural integrated development(URID)and its determinants across 41 cities within the YRDR during the period spanning from 2012 to 2021 by employing the entropy weighting method and geodetic detector model.The results reveal the following.First,the overall URID in the Yangtze River Delta region(YRDR)accelerated.Cities in the central and eastern parts exhibit a greater URID,which decreases toward the west,north,and south,highlighting prominent developmental imbalances between cities.Second,integrated economic development between urban and rural areas(URAs)has consistently demonstrated superior performance.Social integration in URA has exhibited a steady upward trajectory,whereas the integration and improvement of urban and rural residents'quality of life have advanced at a comparatively modest pace.Third,the factors that significantly influence the URID within the YRDR include per capita GDP,postal and telecommunication services per capita,and the proportion of private car ownership.Conversely,the impact of governmental intervention and agricultural security appears to be comparatively diminished.Moreover,the combined influence of interacting dual factors surpasses that of individual elements,with the influence gradually stabilizing over time.Ultimately,this study provides policy suggestions to foster integrated urban and rural development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)with a focus on regional collaboration and development strategies.展开更多
Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green...Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green financial development on the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and the real effect,collates and summarizes the theories of green finance and industrial structure at home and abroad,and carefully analyzes the development of green finance in Jiangsu Province,such as the gradual expansion of green credit scale,the characteristics of industrial structure,the change of the proportion of three industries,the development situation of emerging industries and so on.By means of econometrics,an empirical model covering Green Financial Development Indicators and industrial structure optimization indicators is established to do multiple linear regression analysis and stability test.The empirical results show that the development of green finance in Jiangsu plays an obvious positive role in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Green finance is environmental protection,new energy and other green industries are given important financial support,which drives their scale expansion and technological innovation,and makes the industrial structure develop towards a higher level and a more reasonable direction.From this point of view,corresponding proposals are put forward to improve the policy incentive system,add green financial products,and strengthen the construction of green financial market.The purpose is to give better play to the advantages of green finance,accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Jiangsu,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for achieving green economic transformation and sustainable development.展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to address the lack of a unified grading framework in Chinese reading by proposing a comprehensive model integrating linguistic complexity and reading experience,to evaluate the difficulty leve...Purpose:This study aims to address the lack of a unified grading framework in Chinese reading by proposing a comprehensive model integrating linguistic complexity and reading experience,to evaluate the difficulty level of Chinese books.Design/methodology/approach:We utilized the Probabilistic Fuzzy Linguistic Technique(PFLT)for subjective indicators related to reading experience.Combined with collected objective indicators data,the Entropy Weight Method(EWM)is used for objective weight allocation,and Tomada De Decisão Interativa Multicritério(TODIM)is applied for multi-criteria decision-making.Findings:The results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly enhances the alignment between text complexity and reader engagement,achieving a high consistency with authoritative benchmarks.Research limitations:The study may be limited by the scope of subjective and objective indicators used;further validation with more diverse data sources could strengthen generalizability.Practical implications:This approach shows promise in advancing the standardization and objectivity of Chinese reading grading systems,with potential applications in educational and publishing contexts.Originality/value:This study offers a structured evaluation model that incorporates both linguistic complexity and experiential factors,providing a novel and comprehensive method for assessing Chinese text difficulty.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金Project(52175445)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JJ30743)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023GK2024)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0391)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.
文摘Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this study selects 11,375 dual-spouse households as the research sample and constructs a comprehensive housework division index via the entropy weight method.The index integrates four dimensions:participation subject,time allocation,content type,and fairness perception,aiming to explore the fairness level of housework division and group differences in Chinese households.The results show that the overall fairness of housework division in Chinese households is relatively low:the mean value of the index(after 10,000-fold linear expansion)is 0.0632,showing a significant right-skewed distribution,with most households concentrated in the"low-fairness"range and only a few achieving relatively balanced division.Significant group differences exist:rural households have a slightly higher housework division index(0.0659)than urban households(0.0608);male respondents have a higher index(0.0660)than female respondents(0.0603);and the high-education group has a significantly lower index(0.0501)than the low-education group(0.0653).The fairness of housework division is jointly influenced by structural factors and perceptual factors,with an obvious"concept-action gap":74.02%of respondents perceive housework division as"fair",but the low index level indicates this perception mostly stems from normative adaptation rather than objective balance.This study provides empirical evidence for optimizing family labor allocation and promoting gender equality.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(12)5035)Jiangsu Agricultural "Three New Engineering" Project(SXGC[2014]299)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to propose a new entropy weight fuzzy compre- hensive evaluation method for assessing cotton salt tolerance, realizing the objective, accurate and comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] A sand culture experiment under salt stress of 150 mmol/L of NaCI was designed. The in- dicator weight was determined with the entropy weight fuzzy comprehensive evalu- ation method, based on the salt injury index of indicators. The salt tolerance of cotton was evaluated comprehensively. [Result] At the germination stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of germination energy, vigor index, hypocotyl length and fresh weight were highest, followed by germination rate and germination index, and of root length were lowest. At the seedling stage, the entropy and weight of salt injury index of plasma membrane permeability, root vigor and leaf expansion rate were highest, followed by plant height and net photosynthetic rate, and of shoot dry weight and root dry weight were lowest. The salt tolerance of cotton differed a- mong growth stages and cultivars. Among the 11 cultivars, CCRI-44 and CCRI-75 were steadily salt-tolerant at both germination and seedling stages; CCRI-17, Sumi- an 22, Sumian 15 and Dexiamianl had a stable moderate salt tolerance; while Sumian 12 and Simian 3 were steadily salt-sensitive. [Conclusion] The evaluated result was objective and exact, which indicated that this method could be used in comprehensive evaluation of salt tolerance of cotton.
文摘In order to evaluate the quality of water environment, the conception of entropy is applied in information science, and the entropy weight model is built to evaluate comprehensively water quality. The indexes weights of water quality are determined by value of entropy. This kind of method is applied on evaluating water quality in the new water to be built. The result shows that the water quality in it which supply water is between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and the result is similar to that of gray related method.
基金Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Water Resources(RC1973).
文摘Based on Measures for Assessment of Rural Drinking Water Standard Raising Action in Zhejiang Province,this study established an evaluation system for rural drinking water project in Zhejiang Province,covering three primary indicators of project construction,project management and project performance,and 18 secondary indicators.It proposed an evaluation model based on entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method.It solved the problems of the objectivity of the indicator weight and the quantification of the indicators,and can well achieve the coordination and unity of fuzziness and accuracy.Using this model,it evaluated a rural drinking water project in a county and concluded that both accuracy and feasibility of the model are high.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3200026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2243238)。
文摘Channel avulsion is a natural phenomenon that occurs abruptly on alluvial river deltas,which can affect the channel stability.The causes for avulsion could be generally categorized as topography-and flood-driven factors.However,previous studies on avulsion thresholds usually focused on topography-driven factors due to the centurial or millennial avulsion timescales of the world’s most deltas,but neglected the impacts of flood-driven factors.In the current study,a novel demarcation equation including the two driven factors was proposed,with the decadal timescale of avulsion being considered in the Yellow River Estuary(YRE).In order to quantify the contributions of different factors in each category,an entropy-based methodology was used to calculate the contributing weights of these factors.The factor with the highest weight in each category was then used to construct the demarcation equation,based on avulsion datasets associated with the YRE.An avulsion threshold was deduced according to the demarcation equation.This avulsion threshold was then applied to conduct the risk assessment of avulsion in the YRE.The results show that:two dominant factors cover respectively geomorphic coefficient representing the topography-driven factor and fluvial erosion intensity representing the flood-driven factor,which were thus employed to define a two dimensional mathematical space in which the demarcation equation can be obtained;the avulsion threshold derived from the equation was also applied in the risk assessment of avulsion;and the avulsion threshold proposed in this study is more accurate,as compared with the existing thresholds.
基金co-supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB046403)the research project of Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering
文摘This paper deals with the multi-index assessment method for evaluating coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite. Because a series of satellite activities such as imaging, moving target observation, and environment investigation need to know the coverage characteristics, the coverage capability of the remote sensing satellite is the most important index. Thus, it is very important to establish the method of effectiveness evaluation of coverage characteristics. This paper focuses on the assessment of coverage effectiveness of remote sensing satellite, and proposes and designs a multi-index evaluation method based on index weight using entropy weight method and analytic hierarchy process. With a simulation case, the effectiveness evaluation results of single satellite coverage and multi-satellite coverage performance are given for the proposed assessment.The experimental results show that the established coverage characteristic model and the proposed assessment method are effective and right.
文摘This paper firstly introduced the degree of livability of a city from the social civilization,economic affluence,environmental beauty,resource carrying capacity,and life convenience. Based on the principle of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,it analyzed the connection between influencing factors,and established a comprehensive evaluation model for calculation of the livability index of a city. Finally,it obtained the relative livability of each city and the ranking of livability of each city.
基金The project of the Chinese Geological Survey'Survey of geothermal resources in the northern branch of Luoxiao Mountains'(Grant No.DD20221677-2)the special funds for basic scientific research business'Research on dome structure and circulation mechanism of annular hot spring chain'(Grant No.JKY202004)funded this research project。
文摘Underground space resources are important for the purposes of urban sustainable development and are a significant means by which to realize three-dimensional urban development.A reasonable and scientific evaluation of underground space resources is the foundation for the rational use of land resources and urban planning.On the basis of the geological conditions used by preceding researchers,this study adds the analysis of two influencing factors of social and economic value,alongside existing facilities and protection needs.The evaluation index is quantified and the comprehensive quality evaluation system of underground space resources is constructed.Finally,taking the Nanshan District of Shenzhen as an example,the evaluation of underground space resources is carried out.The results show that for shallow underground space,the comprehensive quality of underground space resources development in Nanshan District is generally high.Nantou,Nanshan and Yuehai streets are recommended as areas to actively develop underground space,whereas the Qianhai and Houhai areas are recommended to be used with caution in the development and construction of their underground space.In addition,this study also provides a reference for the purposes of underground space planning in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074312)the CNPC Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(No.2021DQ02-0505)+1 种基金the Open Fund Project of the National Key Laboratory for the Enrichment Mechanism and Efficient Development of Shale Oil and Gas(No.36650000-24-ZC0609-0006)the Major Science and Technology Project of Karamay City(No.20232023zdzx0003).
文摘Due to complex geological structures and a narrow safe mud density window,offshore fractured formations frequently encounter severe lost circulation(LC)during drilling,significantly hindering oil and gas exploration and development.Predicting LC risks enables the targeted implementation of mitigation strategies,thereby reducing the frequency of such incidents.To address the limitations of existing 3D geomechanical modeling in predicting LC,such as arbitrary factor selection,subjective weight assignment,and the inability to achieve pre-drilling prediction along the entire well section,an improved prediction method is proposed.This method integrates multi-source data and incorporates three LC-related sensitivity factors:fracture characteristics,rock brittleness,and in-situ stress conditions.A quantitative risk assessment model for LC is developed by combining the subjective analytic hierarchy process with the objective entropy weight method(EWM)to assign weights.Subsequently,3D geomechanical modeling is applied to identify regional risk zones,enabling digital visualization for pre-drilling risk prediction.The developed 3D LC risk prediction model was validated using actual LC incidents from drilled wells.Results were generally consistent with field-identified LC zones,with an average relative error of 19.08%,confirming its reliability.This method provides practical guidance for mitigating potential LC risks and optimizing drilling program designs in fractured formations.
基金This research was jointly supported by the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20242481)Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics and Remote Sensing Geology,MNR(2020YFL33)。
文摘Eco-geological vulnerability assessment is a significant research topic within the field of eco-geology,but it remains poorly studied.The Mu Us Sandy Land,located in the central part of the farming-pastoral ecotone in northern China,plays a critical role in maintaining the ecological security pattern in this region.However,this sandy land also faces severe sandy desertification and ecological degradation.This study conducted a regional eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land using a comprehensive index evaluation method based on eco-geological theories and survey results.To construct an appropriate index system for the eco-geological vulnerability assessment of the Mu Us Sandy Land,the study considered the sandy land’s unique characteristics and identified 15 factors of five categories,namely geology,meteorology,soil,topography,and vegetation.The paper calculated the comprehensive weights of all the indices using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and the entropy weight method(EWM).Furthermore,it established the eco-geological vulnerability index(EGVI)and obtained the assessment results.The results showed that the eco-geological vulnerability of the Mu Us Sandy Land gradually intensifies from east to west,manifested as vulnerable eco-geological conditions overall.Specifically,extremely vulnerable zones are found in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the study area,highly vulnerable zones in the western and southern parts,moderately vulnerable zones in the central part,and slightly and potentially vulnerable zones in the eastern and southern parts.Areas with high spatial autocorrelations include the northern Uxin Banner-Otog Banner-Angsu Town area,the surrounding areas of Hongdunjie Town in the southeastern part of the study area,the Hongshiqiao Township-Xiaohaotu Township area,Otog Front Banner,and Bainijing Town,which should be prioritized in the ecological conservation and restoration.Additionally,the paper proposed suggestions for the ecological conservation and restoration of county-level administrative areas in the study area.Overall,the findings provide a valuable reference for the ecological conservation and restoration of the Mu Us Sandy Land and other desert areas in arid and semi-arid regions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81904324 and No.82174236)。
文摘Objective:To explore factors influencing the Qi-stagnation constitution in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)through mathematical and computational methods,aiming to early prevention and treatment of related diseases.Methods:The traditional grey correlation analysis,improved with the entropy weight method and Euclidean distance,was applied to investigate factors influencing the Qi-stagnation constitution.The top five factors identified before and after the improvement were used to construct random forest models.Results:A total of 1342 Qi-stagnation constitution identification data sets were collected.The grey correlation degree of each influencing factor progressively decreased during the transition from the traditional to the improved grey correlation analysis method.The random forest model built using the traditional grey correlation analysis method achieved prediction accuracies of 75.61%for the training set and 67.99%on the validation set.The random forest model developed using the improved grey correlation analysis method achieved prediction accuracies of 89.78%on the training set and 81.64%on the validation set,outperforming the model based on the traditional methods.Conclusions:The improved grey correlation analysis method is more suitable for analyzing the influencing factors of the Qi-stagnation constitution.This study offers a new approach and is a reference for research on TCM constitutions.
基金The Scientific and Technological Project of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Research Institute Co.,Ltd.under contract No.CCL2021RCPS0167KQNthe Open Fund Project for the year 2022 of National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration under contract No.CCL2022RCPS0794RQN.
文摘The Beibu Gulf Basin is an important oil-and gas-bearing basin offshore the China Sea,but the geological reserves of oil and gas are not very high,and there are significant differences between different sags.Previous studies have shown that the formation and accumulation of oil and gas are closely related to deep structures,especially the crustal thickness or the relative undulation characteristics between the Moho and basement,but there is a lack of specific evaluation and quantitative standards.In this paper,we first invert the depth of the Moho in the Beibu Gulf Basin using satellite gravity anomalies and calculate the crustal thickness value based on this.Then,we count and analyze the crustal thickness value as well as the stretching factor that characterizes the crustal extension and thinning degree,and find that the NWW-trending contour closure of the 28 km Moho depth or 26 km crustal thickness corresponds significantly to the Weixinan-Fushan sag belt,which has already been proven to have considerable oil and gas discoveries,with a typical feature of crustal thinning to 22 km and the stretching factor reaching 1.1.Finally,we propose a comprehensive evaluation scheme based on the entropy weight method to normalize and evaluate the statistical features of the crust,and take a comprehensive score of Si>0.5 as an evaluation indicator for an oil-gas-rich sag.Based on this research,we believe that the Haizhong sag has considerable exploratory potential,followed by the Maichen sag,while the Leidong and Haitoubei sags have relatively smaller exploratory potential.The research results will help strategic decision-making of the oil and gas exploration in the Beibu Gulf Basin and provide new perspectives for studying the relationship between deep structures and the differential distribution of oil-gas-rich sags.
文摘Growing regulatory demands for industrial safety and environmental protection in the chemical sector necessitate robust operational risk assessment to enhance management efficacy.Here,the HS Chemical Company is evaluated through a multidimensional framework encompassing market dynamics,macroeconomic factors,financial stability,governance,supply chains,and production safety.By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)with entropy weighting,a hybrid weighting model that mitigates the limitations of singular methods is established.The analysis of this study identifies financial risk(weight:0.347)and production safety(weight:0.298)as dominant risk drivers.These quantitative insights offer a basis for resource prioritization and targeted risk mitigation strategies in chemical enterprises.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China(Grant No.21YJA790009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72140001).
文摘New energy-storage systems play a pivotal role in the development of the new power system for advancing the energy transition in China.In the“14th Five-Year Plan”for the New Energy-Storage Development,it is proposed to expand investment and construction models by promoting the deployment of energy-storage facilities through the ways of self-construction,leasing,and purchasing,and to encourage the development of the shared energy-storage.However,the current scarcity in the model of the shared energy-storage invest-ment and construction substantially restricts its development,particularly due to unclear mechanisms for cost and benefit allocation,which also discourages potential investors.To address the issue,this paper proposes investment and construction models for shared energy-storage that aligns with the present stage of energy storage development.In specific,three main models are introduced:(1)Cen-tralized Self-built Shared Energy-Storage model(CSSES),(2)Third-party Investment Shared Energy-Storage model(TISES),and(3)Distributed Self-built Shared Energy Storage(DSSES)model.The cost–benefit analysis is conducted for each model.The results indicate that the CSSES model achieves the highest internal rate of return(11.5%)and the shortest payback period,while the DSSES model per-forms acceptable with an IRR of 9.4%.In contrast,the TISES model shows the lowest IRR(6.7%)and requires higher electricity price for being feasible.Furthermore,the study employs the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)for indicator eval-uation,and integrates the technique for order preference by the similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)for scheme optimization.The results show that both the CSSES model and the DSSES model achieve the highest proximity scores.Under environmental regulations,these models demonstrate superior economic benefits by optimizing energy storage utilization,reducing user costs,and enhancing overall profitability.
基金supported by the Anhui University Philosophy and Social Science Research Major Project[grant numbers:2023AH040033]the Anhui Housing Urban and Rural Construction Science and Technology Plan Project[grant number:2023-RK059]the Anhui Jianzhu University quality engineering project,economic management innovation team construction project[grant number:LJ22087].
文摘This study examines the degree of urban‒rural integrated development(URID)and its determinants across 41 cities within the YRDR during the period spanning from 2012 to 2021 by employing the entropy weighting method and geodetic detector model.The results reveal the following.First,the overall URID in the Yangtze River Delta region(YRDR)accelerated.Cities in the central and eastern parts exhibit a greater URID,which decreases toward the west,north,and south,highlighting prominent developmental imbalances between cities.Second,integrated economic development between urban and rural areas(URAs)has consistently demonstrated superior performance.Social integration in URA has exhibited a steady upward trajectory,whereas the integration and improvement of urban and rural residents'quality of life have advanced at a comparatively modest pace.Third,the factors that significantly influence the URID within the YRDR include per capita GDP,postal and telecommunication services per capita,and the proportion of private car ownership.Conversely,the impact of governmental intervention and agricultural security appears to be comparatively diminished.Moreover,the combined influence of interacting dual factors surpasses that of individual elements,with the influence gradually stabilizing over time.Ultimately,this study provides policy suggestions to foster integrated urban and rural development in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)with a focus on regional collaboration and development strategies.
基金The Impact of Digital Economy on Green Development Efficiency.2025 Nanjing University of Science and Technology Zijin College Campus Level Scientific Research Project(Project No.:2025ZXSK0401011)。
文摘Under the background of this era,green finance and the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure have become a hot research topic.The article focuses on Jiangsu Province,carefully explores the impact of green financial development on the upgrading and optimization of industrial structure and the real effect,collates and summarizes the theories of green finance and industrial structure at home and abroad,and carefully analyzes the development of green finance in Jiangsu Province,such as the gradual expansion of green credit scale,the characteristics of industrial structure,the change of the proportion of three industries,the development situation of emerging industries and so on.By means of econometrics,an empirical model covering Green Financial Development Indicators and industrial structure optimization indicators is established to do multiple linear regression analysis and stability test.The empirical results show that the development of green finance in Jiangsu plays an obvious positive role in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Green finance is environmental protection,new energy and other green industries are given important financial support,which drives their scale expansion and technological innovation,and makes the industrial structure develop towards a higher level and a more reasonable direction.From this point of view,corresponding proposals are put forward to improve the policy incentive system,add green financial products,and strengthen the construction of green financial market.The purpose is to give better play to the advantages of green finance,accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Jiangsu,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for achieving green economic transformation and sustainable development.
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Cultivation Fund Project of the USST(Grant No.24SKPY04)the China Youth and Children Research Association(Grant No.2023B18).
文摘Purpose:This study aims to address the lack of a unified grading framework in Chinese reading by proposing a comprehensive model integrating linguistic complexity and reading experience,to evaluate the difficulty level of Chinese books.Design/methodology/approach:We utilized the Probabilistic Fuzzy Linguistic Technique(PFLT)for subjective indicators related to reading experience.Combined with collected objective indicators data,the Entropy Weight Method(EWM)is used for objective weight allocation,and Tomada De Decisão Interativa Multicritério(TODIM)is applied for multi-criteria decision-making.Findings:The results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly enhances the alignment between text complexity and reader engagement,achieving a high consistency with authoritative benchmarks.Research limitations:The study may be limited by the scope of subjective and objective indicators used;further validation with more diverse data sources could strengthen generalizability.Practical implications:This approach shows promise in advancing the standardization and objectivity of Chinese reading grading systems,with potential applications in educational and publishing contexts.Originality/value:This study offers a structured evaluation model that incorporates both linguistic complexity and experiential factors,providing a novel and comprehensive method for assessing Chinese text difficulty.
