This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory s...This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.展开更多
Engineering science at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) is hosted by its School of Engineering Science. From the perspective of scientific culture, this article examines Qian Xuesen's initia...Engineering science at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) is hosted by its School of Engineering Science. From the perspective of scientific culture, this article examines Qian Xuesen's initial concept of engineering science and the formation of the discipline's cultural elements at USTC, such as institute–department integration(research–teaching integration), the training model, its emphasis on practice and its development as a research platform.展开更多
China Academy of Strategy on Aerospace Engineering Science and Technology (CAEST) was formally established on December 31,2011.The academy was jointly established by Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE),China Aerospac...China Academy of Strategy on Aerospace Engineering Science and Technology (CAEST) was formally established on December 31,2011.The academy was jointly established by Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE),China Aerospace Science展开更多
With the vigorous development of Sino-foreign cooperative education,English teaching for specialized courses has become a crucial link in cultivating internationalized professionals.This paper takes the Optoelectronic...With the vigorous development of Sino-foreign cooperative education,English teaching for specialized courses has become a crucial link in cultivating internationalized professionals.This paper takes the Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering(Sino-German Cooperation)major of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as the research object,and deeply analyzes the dilemmas faced by English teaching in this major,such as significant differences in students’English foundations,poor adaptability of teaching resources,and insufficient cultivation of cross-cultural communication skills.Based on this,a series of teaching reform strategies are proposed,covering aspects,such as optimizing teaching objectives,innovating curriculum settings,changing teaching methods,strengthening the construction of the teaching staff,and improving the teaching evaluation system.Specific teaching reform cases are also incorporated,aiming to improve the quality of English teaching for specialized courses and cultivate internationalized talents with solid professional knowledge and excellent English capabilities.展开更多
In order to utilize water and hydropower resources in China,multitudes of water projects are established or to be constructed as an integral part of the national economy's infrastructure.Under these circumstances,...In order to utilize water and hydropower resources in China,multitudes of water projects are established or to be constructed as an integral part of the national economy's infrastructure.Under these circumstances,there are two outstanding problems:1) a mass of existing dams are in danger and 2) in the southwest water-conservancy construction plan,dozens of existing or planned dams are high dams or even super high dams with heights between 200 and 300 m.In accordance with demands of "the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development" on the innovation frontier in hydro-structure engineering science,various key problems in science and technology such like stress analysis,ultimate bearing capacity,nonlinearity etc.for high dams,super high dams and sick dams have been investigated.This paper makes a commentary on the advances and results of the researches,then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current theoretics and methodologies,and finally presents corresponding research directions and the frontier of innovation.展开更多
‘Humic acids(HA)’are the major constituents of natural organic matter(NOM)derived from the plant or biological residues by decomposition and synthesis in natural ecosystems.They have been defined as relatively high ...‘Humic acids(HA)’are the major constituents of natural organic matter(NOM)derived from the plant or biological residues by decomposition and synthesis in natural ecosystems.They have been defined as relatively high molecular weight aggregates of macromolecules associations with series of highly reactive functional compounds,and considered to be as irreplaceable roles(such as the impact on global carbon and nitrogen dynamics,atmosphere,living plants,chemically reactive and NOM structure stabilization)in natural ecosystems[1].展开更多
文章阐述了我国英文学术期刊品牌建设面临的挑战,并以英文刊Water Science and Engineering的品牌建设实践为例,分析了我国英文学术期刊品牌建设的有效路径。研究表明,英文学术期刊可以从找准定位和特色、控制学术质量、构建融媒体新生...文章阐述了我国英文学术期刊品牌建设面临的挑战,并以英文刊Water Science and Engineering的品牌建设实践为例,分析了我国英文学术期刊品牌建设的有效路径。研究表明,英文学术期刊可以从找准定位和特色、控制学术质量、构建融媒体新生态环境、依靠专家资源以及坚持中国特色的国际合作等方面,加强期刊的品牌建设,建立期刊在国际学术和出版领域的影响力和权威性,从而为中国创办的英文学术期刊争取更多的国际话语权。展开更多
The rock mass engineering system （RMES） basically consists ofrock mass engineering （RME）, water system and surroundingecological environments, etc. The RMES is characterized by nonlinearity,occurrence of chaos and...The rock mass engineering system （RMES） basically consists ofrock mass engineering （RME）, water system and surroundingecological environments, etc. The RMES is characterized by nonlinearity,occurrence of chaos and self-organization （Tazaka, 1998;Tsuda, 1998; Kishida, 2000）. From construction to abandonmentof RME, the RMES will experience four stages, i.e. initial phase,development phase, declining phase and failure phase. In thiscircumstance, the RMES boundary conditions, structural safetyand surrounding environments are varied at each phase, so arethe evolution characteristics and disasters （Wang et al., 2014）.展开更多
Along with the fast development of national economy, environmental issues have become more and more prominent. China has promulgated a series of policies of energy-saving and emission-reduction to
Cultivating the top-notch innovative talents is an essential task for connotative construction of higher education.As an applicationoriented discipline,the Discipline of Food Science and Engineering attaches great imp...Cultivating the top-notch innovative talents is an essential task for connotative construction of higher education.As an applicationoriented discipline,the Discipline of Food Science and Engineering attaches great importance to the cultivation of innovation ability of college students.For a long time,however,the discipline education has problems of the inverted teaching subject position,weak coordination ability and single practice mode.The support for the cultivation of innovation ability is weak and ineffective.Therefore,in the context of professional certification of engineering education,it is necessary to make reform of traditional education mode and improve the carrier support and target acquisition taking the Outcomes-based Education(OBE)as guide,the innovation ability cultivation as objective,to provide effective guarantee for cultivation of the top-notch talents.These have become issues that should not be ignored in the development of the Discipline of Food Science and Engineering.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses the methodological specialty of the theoretical investigation in the nanotechnology. In the nanotechnoscience, on the one hand, similar with the classical natural science are created explanatory schemes of the natural phenomena and formulated predictions of the course of the definite natural events on the basis of mathematics and experimental data, and on the other, as in the engineering sciences are constructed not only the projects of the new experimental situations but also structural schemes of the new nanosystem unknown in nature and technology. The operation of nanotheory is realized by the iteration method. At first a special engineering problem is formulated. Then it is represented in the form of the structural scheme of the nanosystem which is transformed into the idea about the natural process reflecting its performance. To calculate and mathematically model this process a functional scheme is constructed. Consequently, the engineering problem is reformulated into a scientific one and then into a mathematical problem solved by the deductive method. This path from the bottom to the top represents the analysis of schemes （the bottom up approach）. The way in the opposite direction--the synthesis of schemes （the top down approach）--makes it possible to synthesize the ideal model of a new nanosystem from idealized structural elements, according to the appropriate rules of deductive transformation, to calculate basic parameters of the nanosystem and simulate its function. Nanotechnology is at the same time a field of scientific knowledge and a sphere of engineering activity, in other words--nanotechnoscience--similar with systems engineering as the analysis and design of large-scale, complex, man-machine systems, but now as micro- and nanosystems. Scanning tunneling microscope in the nanoexperiment is not only an arrangement of scientific investigation but also at the same time a facility to fabricate the electrically conducting bridges between an electrode and the selected nanotubes and computer modeling and the design of different artifacts.
文摘Engineering science at the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) is hosted by its School of Engineering Science. From the perspective of scientific culture, this article examines Qian Xuesen's initial concept of engineering science and the formation of the discipline's cultural elements at USTC, such as institute–department integration(research–teaching integration), the training model, its emphasis on practice and its development as a research platform.
文摘China Academy of Strategy on Aerospace Engineering Science and Technology (CAEST) was formally established on December 31,2011.The academy was jointly established by Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE),China Aerospace Science
文摘With the vigorous development of Sino-foreign cooperative education,English teaching for specialized courses has become a crucial link in cultivating internationalized professionals.This paper takes the Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering(Sino-German Cooperation)major of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as the research object,and deeply analyzes the dilemmas faced by English teaching in this major,such as significant differences in students’English foundations,poor adaptability of teaching resources,and insufficient cultivation of cross-cultural communication skills.Based on this,a series of teaching reform strategies are proposed,covering aspects,such as optimizing teaching objectives,innovating curriculum settings,changing teaching methods,strengthening the construction of the teaching staff,and improving the teaching evaluation system.Specific teaching reform cases are also incorporated,aiming to improve the quality of English teaching for specialized courses and cultivate internationalized talents with solid professional knowledge and excellent English capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51079046, 50909041, 50809025, 50879024)the National Science and Technology Support Plan (Grant Nos. 2008BAB29B03, 2008BAB29B06)+6 种基金the Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of China (Grant Nos. 2009586012, 2010585212)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 2009B08514, 2010B20414, 2010B14114)China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group Co. Science and Technology Support Project (Grant No. CHC-KJ-2007-02)Jiangsu Province "333 High-Level Personnel Training Project" (Grant No. 2017-B08037)the Natural Science Foundation of Hohai University (Grant No. 2008426811)Graduate Innovation Program of Universities in Jiangsu Province (CX09B_163Z)Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20070294023)
文摘In order to utilize water and hydropower resources in China,multitudes of water projects are established or to be constructed as an integral part of the national economy's infrastructure.Under these circumstances,there are two outstanding problems:1) a mass of existing dams are in danger and 2) in the southwest water-conservancy construction plan,dozens of existing or planned dams are high dams or even super high dams with heights between 200 and 300 m.In accordance with demands of "the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development" on the innovation frontier in hydro-structure engineering science,various key problems in science and technology such like stress analysis,ultimate bearing capacity,nonlinearity etc.for high dams,super high dams and sick dams have been investigated.This paper makes a commentary on the advances and results of the researches,then analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of current theoretics and methodologies,and finally presents corresponding research directions and the frontier of innovation.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808519 and 41977030)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1906403).
文摘‘Humic acids(HA)’are the major constituents of natural organic matter(NOM)derived from the plant or biological residues by decomposition and synthesis in natural ecosystems.They have been defined as relatively high molecular weight aggregates of macromolecules associations with series of highly reactive functional compounds,and considered to be as irreplaceable roles(such as the impact on global carbon and nitrogen dynamics,atmosphere,living plants,chemically reactive and NOM structure stabilization)in natural ecosystems[1].
文摘文章阐述了我国英文学术期刊品牌建设面临的挑战,并以英文刊Water Science and Engineering的品牌建设实践为例,分析了我国英文学术期刊品牌建设的有效路径。研究表明,英文学术期刊可以从找准定位和特色、控制学术质量、构建融媒体新生态环境、依靠专家资源以及坚持中国特色的国际合作等方面,加强期刊的品牌建设,建立期刊在国际学术和出版领域的影响力和权威性,从而为中国创办的英文学术期刊争取更多的国际话语权。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51274110,51304108,U1361211)
文摘The rock mass engineering system （RMES） basically consists ofrock mass engineering （RME）, water system and surroundingecological environments, etc. The RMES is characterized by nonlinearity,occurrence of chaos and self-organization （Tazaka, 1998;Tsuda, 1998; Kishida, 2000）. From construction to abandonmentof RME, the RMES will experience four stages, i.e. initial phase,development phase, declining phase and failure phase. In thiscircumstance, the RMES boundary conditions, structural safetyand surrounding environments are varied at each phase, so arethe evolution characteristics and disasters （Wang et al., 2014）.
文摘Along with the fast development of national economy, environmental issues have become more and more prominent. China has promulgated a series of policies of energy-saving and emission-reduction to
基金Supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Cultivating the top-notch innovative talents is an essential task for connotative construction of higher education.As an applicationoriented discipline,the Discipline of Food Science and Engineering attaches great importance to the cultivation of innovation ability of college students.For a long time,however,the discipline education has problems of the inverted teaching subject position,weak coordination ability and single practice mode.The support for the cultivation of innovation ability is weak and ineffective.Therefore,in the context of professional certification of engineering education,it is necessary to make reform of traditional education mode and improve the carrier support and target acquisition taking the Outcomes-based Education(OBE)as guide,the innovation ability cultivation as objective,to provide effective guarantee for cultivation of the top-notch talents.These have become issues that should not be ignored in the development of the Discipline of Food Science and Engineering.
