Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(T...Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals.In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural design.Among them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material.In this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices.Moreover,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques.Subsequently,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented.Finally,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted.Through this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.展开更多
InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hinder...InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hindered due to its sensitivity to interfaces.In this study,we have achieved notable enhancement in the electrical performance of InSe transistors through interface engineering.We engineered an InSe/h-BN heterostructure,effectively suppressing dielectric layer-induced scattering.Additionally,we successfully established excellent metal-semiconductor contacts using graphene ribbons as a buffer layer.Through a methodical approach to interface engineering,our graphene/InSe/h-BN transistor demonstrates impressive on-state current,field-effect mobility,and on/off ratio at room temperature,reaching values as high as 1.1 mA/μm,904 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and>10~6,respectively.Theoretical computations corroborate that the graphene/InSe heterostructure shows significant interlayer charge transfer and weak interlayer interaction,contributing to the enhanced performance of InSe transistors.This research offers a comprehensive strategy to elevate the electrical performance of InSe transistors,paving the way for their utilization in future electronic applications.展开更多
During high-speed flight,both thermal and mechani-cal loads can degrade the electrical performance of the antenna-radome system,which can subsequently affect the performance of the guidance system.This paper presents ...During high-speed flight,both thermal and mechani-cal loads can degrade the electrical performance of the antenna-radome system,which can subsequently affect the performance of the guidance system.This paper presents a method for evalu-ating the electrical performance of the radome when subjected to thermo-mechanical-electrical(TME)coupling.The method involves establishing a TME coupling model(TME-CM)based on the TME sharing mesh model(TME-SMM)generated by the tetrahedral mesh partitioning of the radome structure.The effects of dielectric temperature drift and structural deformation on the radome’s electrical performance are also considered.Firstly,the temperature field of the radome is obtained by tran-sient thermal analysis while the deformation field of the radome is obtained by static analysis.Subsequently,the dielectric varia-tion and structural deformation of the radome are accurately incorporated into the electrical simulation model based on the TME-SMM.The three-dimensional(3D)ray tracing method with the aperture integration technique is used to calculate the radome’s electrical performance.A representative example is provided to illustrate the superiority and necessity of the pro-posed method.This is achieved by calculating and analyzing the changes in the radome’s electrical performance over time dur-ing high-speed flight.展开更多
Rectifying circuit,as a crucial component for converting alternating current into direct current,plays a pivotal role in energy harvesting microsystems.Traditional silicon-based or germanium-based rectifier diodes hin...Rectifying circuit,as a crucial component for converting alternating current into direct current,plays a pivotal role in energy harvesting microsystems.Traditional silicon-based or germanium-based rectifier diodes hinder system integration due to their specific manufacturing processes.Conversely,metal oxide diodes,with their simple fabrication techniques,offer advantages for system integration.The oxygen vacancy defect of oxide semiconductor will greatly affect the electrical performance of the device,so the performance of the diode can be effectively controlled by adjusting the oxygen vacancy concentration.This study centers on optimizing the performance of diodes by modulating the oxygen vacancy concentration within InGaZnO films through control of oxygen flows during the sputtering process.Experimental results demonstrate that the diode exhibits a forward current density of 43.82 A·cm^(−2),with a rectification ratio of 6.94×10^(4),efficiently rectifying input sine signals with 1 kHz frequency and 5 V magnitude.These results demonstrate its potential in energy conversion and management.By adjusting the oxygen vacancy,a methodology is provided for optimizing the performance of rectifying diodes.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)offer a selfsustaining power solution for marine regions abundant in resources but constrained by energy availability.Since their pioneering use in wave energy harvesting in 2014,nea...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)offer a selfsustaining power solution for marine regions abundant in resources but constrained by energy availability.Since their pioneering use in wave energy harvesting in 2014,nearly a decade of advancements has yielded nearly thousands of research articles in this domain.Researchers have developed various TENG device structures with diverse functionalities to facilitate their commercial deployment.Nonetheless,there is a gap in comprehensive summaries and performance evaluations of TENG structural designs.This paper delineates six innovative structural designs,focusing on enhancing internal device output and adapting to external environments:high space utilization,hybrid generator,mechanical gain,broadband response,multi-directional operation,and hybrid energy-harvesting systems.We summarize the prevailing trends in device structure design identified by the research community.Furthermore,we conduct a meticulous comparison of the electrical performance of these devices under motorized,simulated wave,and real marine conditions,while also assessing their sustainability in terms of device durability and mechanical robustness.In conclusion,the paper outlines future research avenues and discusses the obstacles encountered in the TENG field.This review aims to offer valuable perspectives for ongoing research and to advance the progress and application of TENG technology.展开更多
The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separat...The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.展开更多
The available test methods for optimal moisture content of cold recycled mixture(CRM)as well as its bulk specific gravity,and theoretical maximum relative density were analyzed in this work.Some test improvements were...The available test methods for optimal moisture content of cold recycled mixture(CRM)as well as its bulk specific gravity,and theoretical maximum relative density were analyzed in this work.Some test improvements were suggested to improve test control of the CRM road performance based on the discovered flaws.Besides,the properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP),including the content of old asphalt,penetration index,passing rate of 4.75 mm sieve,and gradation change rate after extraction,were examined.The effects of RAP characteristics on splitting tensile strength,water stability,the high-and low-temperature performance of emulsified asphalt CRM were studied.The results show that the optimum moisture content of CRM should be determined when the compaction work matches the specimen’s molding work.Among the analyzed methods of bulk specific gravity assessment,the dry-surface and CoreLok methods provide more robust and accurate results than the wax-sealing method,while the dry-surface method is the most cost-efficient.The modified theoretical maximum relative density test method is proposed,which can reduce the systematic error of the vacuum test method.The following RAP-CRM trends can be observed.The lower the content of old asphalt and the smaller the change rate of gradation,the smaller the voids and the better the water stability of CRM.The greater the penetration of old asphalt,the higher the fracture work and low-temperature splitting strength.The greater the penetration,the higher the passing rate of 4.75 mm sieve after extraction,and the worse the high-temperature performance of CRM.展开更多
A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anod...A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.展开更多
In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data be...In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data benchmark(HIS)has garnered the most attention due to its practicality and effectiveness.However,existing CPM reviews usually focus on the theoretical benchmark,and there is a lack of an in-depth review that thoroughly explores HIS-based methods.In this article,a comprehensive overview of HIS-based CPM is provided.First,we provide a novel static-dynamic perspective on data-level manifestations of control performance underlying typical controller capacities including regulation and servo:static and dynamic properties.The static property portrays time-independent variability in system output,and the dynamic property describes temporal behavior driven by closed-loop feedback.Accordingly,existing HIS-based CPM approaches and their intrinsic motivations are classified and analyzed from these two perspectives.Specifically,two mainstream solutions for CPM methods are summarized,including static analysis and dynamic analysis,which match data-driven techniques with actual controlling behavior.Furthermore,this paper also points out various opportunities and challenges faced in CPM for modern industry and provides promising directions in the context of artificial intelligence for inspiring future research.展开更多
Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as ...Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge.Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators,potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials.In this background,impact sensitivity,detonation performances,and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out.Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials,including impact sensitivity,detonation velocity,detonation pressure,and Gurney energy.Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion,oxygen balance,decomposition products,and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials.Oxygen balance,decomposition products,and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances.Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark,the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances:oxygen balance values should be between-40%and-30%,density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm^(3),HOMO energy levels should be between-6.34 and-6.31 eV,and lipophilicity should be between-1.0 and 0.1,4.49 and 5.59.These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials,but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.展开更多
La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation pr...La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.展开更多
Thermally conductive papers with electrical insulation and mechanical robustness are essential for efficient thermal management in modern electronics.In this study,we introduced a metal ion-assisted interfacial crossl...Thermally conductive papers with electrical insulation and mechanical robustness are essential for efficient thermal management in modern electronics.In this study,we introduced a metal ion-assisted interfacial crosslinking strategy to strengthen sugarfunctionalized graphene fluoride(SGF)and cellulose nanofibers(CNF)by hydrogen bonding and metal ion crosslinking that leads to simultaneous enhancements in thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.The facile sugarassisted ball-milling exfoliation method was developed to achieve the exfoliation of graphite fluoride and hydroxyl group functionalization on the surface of graphene fluoride.Thanks to the good dispersibility of the SGF sheets in water,the flexible SGF/CNF composite papers with hydrogen bonding were prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration.We introduced hydrogen bonding and metal ion crosslinking into SGF/CNF papers to obtain densely packed composite papers.Ca^(2+)or Al^(3+)ion-crosslinked SGF/CNF papers exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties owing to hydrogen bonding and metal ion crosslinking.SGF/CNF-Ca^(2+)and SGF/CNF-Al^(3+)papers at 50 wt%of SGF yield in-plane thermal conductivities of 72.93 and 75.02 W m^(-1) K^(-1),and tensile strengths of 121.5 and 135.7 MPa,respectively.A thermal percolation value was observed at 12.6 vol%of SGF filler content.In addition,the SGF/CNF papers exhibited electrical insulation properties.These remarkable characteristics of the metal ion-crosslinked SGF/CNF papers are attributed to the densely packed structures caused by the strong interfacial interactions from hydrogen bonding as well as metal ion-crosslinking that could promote phonon transport.High-performance metal ion-crosslinked SGF/CNF papers with these fascinating advantages offer great potential for the thermal management of flexible electronics.展开更多
Recent studies have shown that synergistic precipitation of continuous precipitates(CPs)and discontinuous precipitates(DPs)is a promising method to simultaneously improve the strength and electrical conductivity of Cu...Recent studies have shown that synergistic precipitation of continuous precipitates(CPs)and discontinuous precipitates(DPs)is a promising method to simultaneously improve the strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si alloy.However,the complex relationship between precipitates and two-stage aging process presents a significant challenge for the optimization of process parameters.In this study,machine learning models were established based on orthogonal experiment to mine the relationship between two-stage aging parameters and properties of Cu-5.3Ni-1.3Si-0.12Nb alloy with preferred formation of DPs.Two-stage aging parameters of 400℃/75 min+400℃/30 min were then obtained by multi-objective optimization combined with an experimental iteration strategy,resulting in a tensile strength of 875 MPa and a conductivity of 41.43%IACS,respectively.Such an excellent comprehensive performance of the alloy is attributed to the combined precipitation of DPs and CPs(with a total volume fraction of 5.4%and a volume ratio of CPs to DPs of 6.7).This study could provide a new approach and insight for improving the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys.展开更多
Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between...Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.Results In this study,we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows,nine of which completed up to four parities(U4P group),exhibiting reproductive longevity.We first identified predictors of sow longevity in the rectum(e.g.,Akkermansia)and vagina(e.g.,Lactobacillus)of the U4P group using RandomForest in the early breeding stage of the first parity.Interestingly,these bacteria in the U4P group showed decreased predicted KEGG gene abundance involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids.Then,we tracked the longitudinal changes of the micro-biome over four parities in the U4P sows.LEfSe analysis revealed parity-associated bacteria that existed in both the rectum and vagina(e.g.,Streptococcus in Parity 1,Lactobacillus in Parity 2,Veillonella in Parity 4).We also identi-fied patterns of bacterial change between the early breeding stage(d 0)and d 110,such as Streptococcus,which was decreased in all four parties.Furthermore,sows in the U4P group with longevity potential also showed better reproductive performance.Finally,we discovered bacterial predictors(e.g.,Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group)for the total number of piglets born throughout the four parities in both the rectum and vagina.Conclusions This study highlights how the rectal and vaginal microbiome in sows with longevity in reproduc-tion changes within four parities.The identification of parity-associated,pregnancy-related,and reproductive performance-correlated bacteria provides the foundation for targeted microbiome modulation to improve animal production.展开更多
This study investigates the flexural performance of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)in reinforced concrete T-beams,focusing on the effects of interfacial treatments.Three concrete T-beam specimens were fabricated...This study investigates the flexural performance of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)in reinforced concrete T-beams,focusing on the effects of interfacial treatments.Three concrete T-beam specimens were fabricated and tested:a control beam(RC-T),a UHPC-reinforced beam with a chiseled interface(UN-C-50F),and a UHPC-reinforced beam featuring both a chiseled interface and anchored steel rebars(UN-CS-50F).The test results indicated that both chiseling and the incorporation of anchored rebars effectively created a synergistic combination between the concrete T-beam and the UHPC reinforcement layer,with the UN-CS-50F exhibiting the highest flexural resistance.The cracking load and ultimate load of UN-CS-50F were 221.5%and 40.8%,respectively,higher than those of the RC-T.Finite element(FE)models were developed to provide further insights into the behavior of the UHPCreinforced T-beams,showing a maximumdeviation of just 8%when validated against experimental data.A parametric analysis varied the height,thickness,andmaterial strength of the UHPC reinforcement layer based on the validated FE model,revealing that increasing the UHPC layer thickness from 30 to 50 mm improved the ultimate resistance by 20%while reducing the UHPC reinforcement height from 440 to 300 mm led to a 10%decrease in bending resistance.The interfacial anchoring rebars significantly reduced crack propagation and enhanced stress redistribution,highlighting the importance of strengthening interfacial bonds and optimizing geometric parameters ofUHPCfor improved T-beam performance.These findings offer valuable insights for the design and retrofitting of UHPC-reinforced bridge girders.展开更多
Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy,high safety,and high environmental adaptability.However,the research and development of solid-state b...Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy,high safety,and high environmental adaptability.However,the research and development of solid-state batteries are resource-intensive and time-consuming due to their complex chemical environment,rendering performance prediction arduous and delaying large-scale industrialization.Artificial intelligence serves as an accelerator for solid-state battery development by enabling efficient material screening and performance prediction.This review will systematically examine how the latest progress in using machine learning(ML)algorithms can be used to mine extensive material databases and accelerate the discovery of high-performance cathode,anode,and electrolyte materials suitable for solid-state batteries.Furthermore,the use of ML technology to accurately estimate and predict key performance indicators in the solid-state battery management system will be discussed,among which are state of charge,state of health,remaining useful life,and battery capacity.Finally,we will summarize the main challenges encountered in the current research,such as data quality issues and poor code portability,and propose possible solutions and development paths.These will provide clear guidance for future research and technological reiteration.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs),an innovative class of materials with complex stoichiometry,have recently garnered consider-able attention in energy storage applications.While their multi-element compositions(five or mor...High-entropy materials(HEMs),an innovative class of materials with complex stoichiometry,have recently garnered consider-able attention in energy storage applications.While their multi-element compositions(five or more principal elements in nearly equiatom-ic proportions)confer unique advantages such as high configurational entropy,lattice distortion,and synergistic cocktail effects,the fun-damental understanding of structure-property relationships in battery systems remains fragmented across existing studies.This review ad-dresses critical research gaps by proposing a multidimensional design paradigm that systematically integrates synergistic mechanisms spanning cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,and electrocatalysts.We provide an in-depth analysis of HEMs’thermodynamic/kinetic stabiliza-tion principles and structure-regulated electrochemical properties,integrating and establishing quantitative correlations between entropy-driven phase stability and charge transport dynamics.By summarizing the performance benchmarking results of lithium/sodium/potassi-um-ion battery components,we reveal how entropy-mediated structural tailoring enhances cycle stability and ionic conductivity.Notably,we pioneer the systematic association of high-entropy effects to electrochemical interfaces,demonstrating their unique potential in stabil-izing solid-electrolyte interphases and suppressing transition metal dissolution.Emerging opportunities in machine learning-driven com-position screening and sustainable manufacturing are discussed alongside critical challenges,including performance variability metrics and cost-benefit analysis for industrial implementation.This work provides both fundamental insights and practical guidelines for advan-cing HEMs toward next-generation battery technologies.展开更多
Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In ...Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.展开更多
Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability an...Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability and short service life.To address these issues,low-phenyl silicone rubber was prepared and tested,and the finite element analysis and experimental studies on the sealing performance of its sealing rings were carried out.Design/methodology/approach–The low-temperature resistance and thermal stability of the prepared lowphenyl silicone rubber were studied using low-temperature tensile testing,differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis.The sealing performance of the lowphenyl silicone rubber sealing ring was studied by using finite element analysis software abaqus and experiments.Findings–The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring possessed excellent low-temperature resistance and thermal stability.According to the finite element analysis results,the finish of the flange sealing surface and groove outer edge should be ensured,and extrusion damage should be avoided.The sealing rings were more susceptible to damage in high compression ratio and/or low-temperature environments.When the sealing effect was ensured,a small compression ratio should be selected,and rubbers with hardness and elasticity less affected by temperature should be selected.The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring had zero leakage at both room temperature(RT)and�508C.Originality/value–The innovation of this study is that it provides valuable data and experience for the future development of the sealing rings used in the brake pipe flange joints of the railway freight cars in China.展开更多
Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the ...Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of aramid fibers. Herein, AP are modified via the nacre-mimetic structure composed of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbonylated basalt nanosheets (CBSNs). This is achieved by impregnating AP into an ANF-CBSNs (A-C) suspension containing a 3D ANF framework as the matrix and 2D CBSNs as fillers. The resultant biomimetic composite papers (AP/A-C composite papers) exhibit a layered “brick-and-mortar” structure, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of AP/A-C5 composite papers reach 39.69 MPa and 22.04 kV mm^(−1), respectively, representing a 155 % and 85 % increase compared to those of the control AP. These impressive properties are accompanied with excellent volume resistivity, exceptional dielectric properties, impressive folding endurance, outstanding heat insulation, and remarkable flame retardance. The nacre-inspired strategy offers an effective approach for producing highly promising electrical insulating papers for advanced electrical equipment.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515010639)PolyU Postdoc Matching Fund Scheme(No.1-W327),PolyU Grant(No.1-CE0H)+3 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.ZDSYS20220606100406016)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(No.ZDSYS20210623092006020)National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment(Shenzhen)(No.868-000003010103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52208272)。
文摘Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness,self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement.Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals.In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications,researchers have endeavored to refine materials,surface morphology,and structural design.Among them,physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area,which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material.In this review,we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs,categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures,and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices.Moreover,we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches,thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques.Subsequently,typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented.Finally,an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted.Through this endeavor,the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62204030)supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62122036,62034004,61921005,61974176,and 12074176)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDB44000000)。
文摘InSe has emerged as a promising candidate for next-generation electronics due to its predicted ultrahigh electrical performance.However,the efficacy of the InSe transistor in meeting application requirements is hindered due to its sensitivity to interfaces.In this study,we have achieved notable enhancement in the electrical performance of InSe transistors through interface engineering.We engineered an InSe/h-BN heterostructure,effectively suppressing dielectric layer-induced scattering.Additionally,we successfully established excellent metal-semiconductor contacts using graphene ribbons as a buffer layer.Through a methodical approach to interface engineering,our graphene/InSe/h-BN transistor demonstrates impressive on-state current,field-effect mobility,and on/off ratio at room temperature,reaching values as high as 1.1 mA/μm,904 cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1),and>10~6,respectively.Theoretical computations corroborate that the graphene/InSe heterostructure shows significant interlayer charge transfer and weak interlayer interaction,contributing to the enhanced performance of InSe transistors.This research offers a comprehensive strategy to elevate the electrical performance of InSe transistors,paving the way for their utilization in future electronic applications.
文摘During high-speed flight,both thermal and mechani-cal loads can degrade the electrical performance of the antenna-radome system,which can subsequently affect the performance of the guidance system.This paper presents a method for evalu-ating the electrical performance of the radome when subjected to thermo-mechanical-electrical(TME)coupling.The method involves establishing a TME coupling model(TME-CM)based on the TME sharing mesh model(TME-SMM)generated by the tetrahedral mesh partitioning of the radome structure.The effects of dielectric temperature drift and structural deformation on the radome’s electrical performance are also considered.Firstly,the temperature field of the radome is obtained by tran-sient thermal analysis while the deformation field of the radome is obtained by static analysis.Subsequently,the dielectric varia-tion and structural deformation of the radome are accurately incorporated into the electrical simulation model based on the TME-SMM.The three-dimensional(3D)ray tracing method with the aperture integration technique is used to calculate the radome’s electrical performance.A representative example is provided to illustrate the superiority and necessity of the pro-posed method.This is achieved by calculating and analyzing the changes in the radome’s electrical performance over time dur-ing high-speed flight.
文摘Rectifying circuit,as a crucial component for converting alternating current into direct current,plays a pivotal role in energy harvesting microsystems.Traditional silicon-based or germanium-based rectifier diodes hinder system integration due to their specific manufacturing processes.Conversely,metal oxide diodes,with their simple fabrication techniques,offer advantages for system integration.The oxygen vacancy defect of oxide semiconductor will greatly affect the electrical performance of the device,so the performance of the diode can be effectively controlled by adjusting the oxygen vacancy concentration.This study centers on optimizing the performance of diodes by modulating the oxygen vacancy concentration within InGaZnO films through control of oxygen flows during the sputtering process.Experimental results demonstrate that the diode exhibits a forward current density of 43.82 A·cm^(−2),with a rectification ratio of 6.94×10^(4),efficiently rectifying input sine signals with 1 kHz frequency and 5 V magnitude.These results demonstrate its potential in energy conversion and management.By adjusting the oxygen vacancy,a methodology is provided for optimizing the performance of rectifying diodes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project from Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2021YFA1201603)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073032 and 52192611)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)offer a selfsustaining power solution for marine regions abundant in resources but constrained by energy availability.Since their pioneering use in wave energy harvesting in 2014,nearly a decade of advancements has yielded nearly thousands of research articles in this domain.Researchers have developed various TENG device structures with diverse functionalities to facilitate their commercial deployment.Nonetheless,there is a gap in comprehensive summaries and performance evaluations of TENG structural designs.This paper delineates six innovative structural designs,focusing on enhancing internal device output and adapting to external environments:high space utilization,hybrid generator,mechanical gain,broadband response,multi-directional operation,and hybrid energy-harvesting systems.We summarize the prevailing trends in device structure design identified by the research community.Furthermore,we conduct a meticulous comparison of the electrical performance of these devices under motorized,simulated wave,and real marine conditions,while also assessing their sustainability in terms of device durability and mechanical robustness.In conclusion,the paper outlines future research avenues and discusses the obstacles encountered in the TENG field.This review aims to offer valuable perspectives for ongoing research and to advance the progress and application of TENG technology.
基金the Center of Lithium Battery Membrane Materials jointly established by School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co.Ltd.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52020105012,52303084)the Young Scientists Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB220)for the support of this work.
文摘The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
文摘The available test methods for optimal moisture content of cold recycled mixture(CRM)as well as its bulk specific gravity,and theoretical maximum relative density were analyzed in this work.Some test improvements were suggested to improve test control of the CRM road performance based on the discovered flaws.Besides,the properties of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP),including the content of old asphalt,penetration index,passing rate of 4.75 mm sieve,and gradation change rate after extraction,were examined.The effects of RAP characteristics on splitting tensile strength,water stability,the high-and low-temperature performance of emulsified asphalt CRM were studied.The results show that the optimum moisture content of CRM should be determined when the compaction work matches the specimen’s molding work.Among the analyzed methods of bulk specific gravity assessment,the dry-surface and CoreLok methods provide more robust and accurate results than the wax-sealing method,while the dry-surface method is the most cost-efficient.The modified theoretical maximum relative density test method is proposed,which can reduce the systematic error of the vacuum test method.The following RAP-CRM trends can be observed.The lower the content of old asphalt and the smaller the change rate of gradation,the smaller the voids and the better the water stability of CRM.The greater the penetration of old asphalt,the higher the fracture work and low-temperature splitting strength.The greater the penetration,the higher the passing rate of 4.75 mm sieve after extraction,and the worse the high-temperature performance of CRM.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51901153)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2019032)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi,China(No.202103021224049)the Shanxi Zhejiang University New Materials and Chemical Research Institute Scientific Research Project,China(No.2022SX-TD025)。
文摘A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125306)Zhejiang Key Research and Development Project(2024C01163)the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,China(ICT2024A06)
文摘In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data benchmark(HIS)has garnered the most attention due to its practicality and effectiveness.However,existing CPM reviews usually focus on the theoretical benchmark,and there is a lack of an in-depth review that thoroughly explores HIS-based methods.In this article,a comprehensive overview of HIS-based CPM is provided.First,we provide a novel static-dynamic perspective on data-level manifestations of control performance underlying typical controller capacities including regulation and servo:static and dynamic properties.The static property portrays time-independent variability in system output,and the dynamic property describes temporal behavior driven by closed-loop feedback.Accordingly,existing HIS-based CPM approaches and their intrinsic motivations are classified and analyzed from these two perspectives.Specifically,two mainstream solutions for CPM methods are summarized,including static analysis and dynamic analysis,which match data-driven techniques with actual controlling behavior.Furthermore,this paper also points out various opportunities and challenges faced in CPM for modern industry and provides promising directions in the context of artificial intelligence for inspiring future research.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2682024GF019)。
文摘Excellent detonation performances and low sensitivity are prerequisites for the deployment of energetic materials.Exploring the underlying factors that affect impact sensitivity and detonation performances as well as exploring how to obtain materials with desired properties remains a long-term challenge.Machine learning with its ability to solve complex tasks and perform robust data processing can reveal the relationship between performance and descriptive indicators,potentially accelerating the development process of energetic materials.In this background,impact sensitivity,detonation performances,and 28 physicochemical parameters for 222 energetic materials from density functional theory calculations and published literature were sorted out.Four machine learning algorithms were employed to predict various properties of energetic materials,including impact sensitivity,detonation velocity,detonation pressure,and Gurney energy.Analysis of Pearson coefficients and feature importance showed that the heat of explosion,oxygen balance,decomposition products,and HOMO energy levels have a strong correlation with the impact sensitivity of energetic materials.Oxygen balance,decomposition products,and density have a strong correlation with detonation performances.Utilizing impact sensitivity of 2,3,4-trinitrotoluene and the detonation performances of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine as the benchmark,the analysis of feature importance rankings and statistical data revealed the optimal range of key features balancing impact sensitivity and detonation performances:oxygen balance values should be between-40%and-30%,density should range from 1.66 to 1.72 g/cm^(3),HOMO energy levels should be between-6.34 and-6.31 eV,and lipophilicity should be between-1.0 and 0.1,4.49 and 5.59.These findings not only offer important insights into the impact sensitivity and detonation performances of energetic materials,but also provide a theoretical guidance paradigm for the design and development of new energetic materials with optimal detonation performances and reduced sensitivity.
基金the financial support by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201282,52071281,52371239)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742945)+4 种基金Hebei Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.B2023003023)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022033)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2022203003)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(No.2020ZD0012)the Baotou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.XM2022BT09).
文摘La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.
基金supported by the Basic Science Program(No.2022R1A2C2009700)through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICTthe Basic Science Research Capacity Enhancement Project(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)through the Korea Ba-sic Science Institute funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2019R1A6C1010047)the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program(No.20013248)through Korea Evaluation In-stitute of Industrial Technology funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Thermally conductive papers with electrical insulation and mechanical robustness are essential for efficient thermal management in modern electronics.In this study,we introduced a metal ion-assisted interfacial crosslinking strategy to strengthen sugarfunctionalized graphene fluoride(SGF)and cellulose nanofibers(CNF)by hydrogen bonding and metal ion crosslinking that leads to simultaneous enhancements in thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.The facile sugarassisted ball-milling exfoliation method was developed to achieve the exfoliation of graphite fluoride and hydroxyl group functionalization on the surface of graphene fluoride.Thanks to the good dispersibility of the SGF sheets in water,the flexible SGF/CNF composite papers with hydrogen bonding were prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration.We introduced hydrogen bonding and metal ion crosslinking into SGF/CNF papers to obtain densely packed composite papers.Ca^(2+)or Al^(3+)ion-crosslinked SGF/CNF papers exhibited superior thermal and mechanical properties owing to hydrogen bonding and metal ion crosslinking.SGF/CNF-Ca^(2+)and SGF/CNF-Al^(3+)papers at 50 wt%of SGF yield in-plane thermal conductivities of 72.93 and 75.02 W m^(-1) K^(-1),and tensile strengths of 121.5 and 135.7 MPa,respectively.A thermal percolation value was observed at 12.6 vol%of SGF filler content.In addition,the SGF/CNF papers exhibited electrical insulation properties.These remarkable characteristics of the metal ion-crosslinked SGF/CNF papers are attributed to the densely packed structures caused by the strong interfacial interactions from hydrogen bonding as well as metal ion-crosslinking that could promote phonon transport.High-performance metal ion-crosslinked SGF/CNF papers with these fascinating advantages offer great potential for the thermal management of flexible electronics.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3812601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925401,92066205 and 92266301)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2022QNRC001).
文摘Recent studies have shown that synergistic precipitation of continuous precipitates(CPs)and discontinuous precipitates(DPs)is a promising method to simultaneously improve the strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-Ni-Si alloy.However,the complex relationship between precipitates and two-stage aging process presents a significant challenge for the optimization of process parameters.In this study,machine learning models were established based on orthogonal experiment to mine the relationship between two-stage aging parameters and properties of Cu-5.3Ni-1.3Si-0.12Nb alloy with preferred formation of DPs.Two-stage aging parameters of 400℃/75 min+400℃/30 min were then obtained by multi-objective optimization combined with an experimental iteration strategy,resulting in a tensile strength of 875 MPa and a conductivity of 41.43%IACS,respectively.Such an excellent comprehensive performance of the alloy is attributed to the combined precipitation of DPs and CPs(with a total volume fraction of 5.4%and a volume ratio of CPs to DPs of 6.7).This study could provide a new approach and insight for improving the comprehensive properties of the Cu-Ni-Si alloys.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFE0124400)the Specific university discipline construction project (2023B10564001)+1 种基金grants administered by the Arkansas Biosciences Institute and the USDAa core grant (P20GM121293, proteogenomics core)。
文摘Background Sow longevity and reproductivity are essential in the modern swine industry.Although many studies have focused on the genetic and genomic factors for selection,little is known about the associations between the microbiome and sows with longevity in reproduction.Results In this study,we collected and sequenced rectal and vaginal swabs from 48 sows,nine of which completed up to four parities(U4P group),exhibiting reproductive longevity.We first identified predictors of sow longevity in the rectum(e.g.,Akkermansia)and vagina(e.g.,Lactobacillus)of the U4P group using RandomForest in the early breeding stage of the first parity.Interestingly,these bacteria in the U4P group showed decreased predicted KEGG gene abundance involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids.Then,we tracked the longitudinal changes of the micro-biome over four parities in the U4P sows.LEfSe analysis revealed parity-associated bacteria that existed in both the rectum and vagina(e.g.,Streptococcus in Parity 1,Lactobacillus in Parity 2,Veillonella in Parity 4).We also identi-fied patterns of bacterial change between the early breeding stage(d 0)and d 110,such as Streptococcus,which was decreased in all four parties.Furthermore,sows in the U4P group with longevity potential also showed better reproductive performance.Finally,we discovered bacterial predictors(e.g.,Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group)for the total number of piglets born throughout the four parities in both the rectum and vagina.Conclusions This study highlights how the rectal and vaginal microbiome in sows with longevity in reproduc-tion changes within four parities.The identification of parity-associated,pregnancy-related,and reproductive performance-correlated bacteria provides the foundation for targeted microbiome modulation to improve animal production.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant#52278161)the Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(Grant#2024A04J9888)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant#2023A1515010535).
文摘This study investigates the flexural performance of ultra-high performance concrete(UHPC)in reinforced concrete T-beams,focusing on the effects of interfacial treatments.Three concrete T-beam specimens were fabricated and tested:a control beam(RC-T),a UHPC-reinforced beam with a chiseled interface(UN-C-50F),and a UHPC-reinforced beam featuring both a chiseled interface and anchored steel rebars(UN-CS-50F).The test results indicated that both chiseling and the incorporation of anchored rebars effectively created a synergistic combination between the concrete T-beam and the UHPC reinforcement layer,with the UN-CS-50F exhibiting the highest flexural resistance.The cracking load and ultimate load of UN-CS-50F were 221.5%and 40.8%,respectively,higher than those of the RC-T.Finite element(FE)models were developed to provide further insights into the behavior of the UHPCreinforced T-beams,showing a maximumdeviation of just 8%when validated against experimental data.A parametric analysis varied the height,thickness,andmaterial strength of the UHPC reinforcement layer based on the validated FE model,revealing that increasing the UHPC layer thickness from 30 to 50 mm improved the ultimate resistance by 20%while reducing the UHPC reinforcement height from 440 to 300 mm led to a 10%decrease in bending resistance.The interfacial anchoring rebars significantly reduced crack propagation and enhanced stress redistribution,highlighting the importance of strengthening interfacial bonds and optimizing geometric parameters ofUHPCfor improved T-beam performance.These findings offer valuable insights for the design and retrofitting of UHPC-reinforced bridge girders.
基金the National Key Research Program of China under granted No.92164201National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars No.62325403+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230498)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB427)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62304147).
文摘Solid-state batteries are widely recognized as the next-generation energy storage devices with high specific energy,high safety,and high environmental adaptability.However,the research and development of solid-state batteries are resource-intensive and time-consuming due to their complex chemical environment,rendering performance prediction arduous and delaying large-scale industrialization.Artificial intelligence serves as an accelerator for solid-state battery development by enabling efficient material screening and performance prediction.This review will systematically examine how the latest progress in using machine learning(ML)algorithms can be used to mine extensive material databases and accelerate the discovery of high-performance cathode,anode,and electrolyte materials suitable for solid-state batteries.Furthermore,the use of ML technology to accurately estimate and predict key performance indicators in the solid-state battery management system will be discussed,among which are state of charge,state of health,remaining useful life,and battery capacity.Finally,we will summarize the main challenges encountered in the current research,such as data quality issues and poor code portability,and propose possible solutions and development paths.These will provide clear guidance for future research and technological reiteration.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.5227130161).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs),an innovative class of materials with complex stoichiometry,have recently garnered consider-able attention in energy storage applications.While their multi-element compositions(five or more principal elements in nearly equiatom-ic proportions)confer unique advantages such as high configurational entropy,lattice distortion,and synergistic cocktail effects,the fun-damental understanding of structure-property relationships in battery systems remains fragmented across existing studies.This review ad-dresses critical research gaps by proposing a multidimensional design paradigm that systematically integrates synergistic mechanisms spanning cathodes,anodes,electrolytes,and electrocatalysts.We provide an in-depth analysis of HEMs’thermodynamic/kinetic stabiliza-tion principles and structure-regulated electrochemical properties,integrating and establishing quantitative correlations between entropy-driven phase stability and charge transport dynamics.By summarizing the performance benchmarking results of lithium/sodium/potassi-um-ion battery components,we reveal how entropy-mediated structural tailoring enhances cycle stability and ionic conductivity.Notably,we pioneer the systematic association of high-entropy effects to electrochemical interfaces,demonstrating their unique potential in stabil-izing solid-electrolyte interphases and suppressing transition metal dissolution.Emerging opportunities in machine learning-driven com-position screening and sustainable manufacturing are discussed alongside critical challenges,including performance variability metrics and cost-benefit analysis for industrial implementation.This work provides both fundamental insights and practical guidelines for advan-cing HEMs toward next-generation battery technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22005275).
文摘Surface engineering plays a crucial role in improving the performance of high energy materials,and polydopamine(PDA)is widely used in the field of energetic materials for surface modification and functionalization.In order to obtain high-quality HMX@PDA-based PBX explosives with high sphericity and a narrow particle size distribution,composite microspheres were prepared using co-axial droplet microfluidic technology.The formation mechanism,thermal behavior,mechanical sensitivity,electrostatic spark sensitivity,compressive strength,and combustion performance of the microspheres were investigated.The results show that PDA can effectively enhance the interfacial interaction between the explosive particles and the binder under the synergistic effect of chemical bonds and the physical"mechanical interlocking"structure.Interface reinforcement causes the thermal decomposition temperature of the sample microspheres to move to a higher temperature,with the sensitivity to impact,friction,and electrostatic sparks(for S-1)increasing by 12.5%,31.3%,and 81.5%respectively,and the compressive strength also increased by 30.7%,effectively enhancing the safety performance of the microspheres.Therefore,this study provides an effective and universal strategy for preparing high-quality functional explosives,and also provides some reference for the safe use of energetic materials in practical applications.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of the China State Railway Group Company Limited(No.Q2023J012).
文摘Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability and short service life.To address these issues,low-phenyl silicone rubber was prepared and tested,and the finite element analysis and experimental studies on the sealing performance of its sealing rings were carried out.Design/methodology/approach–The low-temperature resistance and thermal stability of the prepared lowphenyl silicone rubber were studied using low-temperature tensile testing,differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis.The sealing performance of the lowphenyl silicone rubber sealing ring was studied by using finite element analysis software abaqus and experiments.Findings–The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring possessed excellent low-temperature resistance and thermal stability.According to the finite element analysis results,the finish of the flange sealing surface and groove outer edge should be ensured,and extrusion damage should be avoided.The sealing rings were more susceptible to damage in high compression ratio and/or low-temperature environments.When the sealing effect was ensured,a small compression ratio should be selected,and rubbers with hardness and elasticity less affected by temperature should be selected.The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring had zero leakage at both room temperature(RT)and�508C.Originality/value–The innovation of this study is that it provides valuable data and experience for the future development of the sealing rings used in the brake pipe flange joints of the railway freight cars in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278260)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry(No.KFKT2021-14)Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology(No.KFKT2021-14).
文摘Aramid papers (AP), made of aramid fibers, demonstrate superiority in electrical insulation applications. Unfortunately, the strength and electrical insulating properties of AP remain suboptimal, primarily due to the smooth surface and chemical inertness of aramid fibers. Herein, AP are modified via the nacre-mimetic structure composed of aramid nanofibers (ANF) and carbonylated basalt nanosheets (CBSNs). This is achieved by impregnating AP into an ANF-CBSNs (A-C) suspension containing a 3D ANF framework as the matrix and 2D CBSNs as fillers. The resultant biomimetic composite papers (AP/A-C composite papers) exhibit a layered “brick-and-mortar” structure, demonstrating superior mechanical and electrical insulating properties. Notably, the tensile strength and breakdown strength of AP/A-C5 composite papers reach 39.69 MPa and 22.04 kV mm^(−1), respectively, representing a 155 % and 85 % increase compared to those of the control AP. These impressive properties are accompanied with excellent volume resistivity, exceptional dielectric properties, impressive folding endurance, outstanding heat insulation, and remarkable flame retardance. The nacre-inspired strategy offers an effective approach for producing highly promising electrical insulating papers for advanced electrical equipment.
