Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is the most important health problems currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and lack of surveillance were associ...Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is the most important health problems currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and lack of surveillance were associated with antimicrobial resistance. ESKAPE pathogens consisting of E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. are associated with healthcare-associated infections. Patients and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study aims to describe the resistance rates of bloodstream infection due to ESKAPE pathogens from patients admitted in Siloam Hospital Karawaci, before and during COVID-19 pandemic (January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2019 until December 31<sup>st</sup>, 2022). Out of 296 ESKAPE pathogens collected from blood samples, S. aureus was the most frequent species, followed by K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and E. faecium. Results: Resistance rates of E. faecium were alarmingly high from 2019 until 2021, but in 2022 no sample was found. Resistance rates of S. aureus and MRSA decreased from 2019 until 2021 and then increased again in 2022 while for K. pneumoniae it peaked in 2020 and reached the lowest in 2022. Resistance pattern of A. baumanii was not favorable from 2019 until 2021, but decreased dramatically in 2022. Resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa was quite variable in 2021 and 2022 while for Enterobacter spp. it was variable in 2020 to 2022. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESKAPE pathogens in Banten province, Indonesia. Resistance rates increased as the pandemic peaked in 2020 to 2021, and decreased as the pandemic resolves in 2022.展开更多
Objective:To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur,Iran during 2013-2015.Methods:A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),38 Enterobacter spp.(i...Objective:To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur,Iran during 2013-2015.Methods:A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),38 Enterobacter spp.(including 14 Enterobacter agglomerans,6 Enterobacter aerogenes and other 18 Enterobacter spp.),123 Enterococcus faecium,78 Klebsiella pneumonia,10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 34 Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated.The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was conducted with Kirby Bauer method.Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using F-and t-tests.Results:Among S.aureus isolates,the highest resistance was observed against nalidixic acid(81.35%)and cefixime(74.50%).Thirty-three(53.22%)S.aureus isolates were cefoxitin resistant(methicillin-resistant S.aureus).The majority of Enterobacter species was resistant to amikacin(100.00%)and cephalotin(66.60%).Most Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid(89.43%)and amikacin(83.33%),but vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates were not detected.Moreover,among Klebsiella pneumonia,the highest resistance was observed to nalidixic acid(20.98%)and cotrimoxazole(28.39%).Furthermore,all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefotaxime(100.00%)and majority to nitroforantoin(88.80%).Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to cefotaxime(100.00%)and cefixime(88.71%),respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens from northeast region was low,but majority of them exhibited high rate of antibiotic resistance to common used antimicrobial agents.展开更多
The Clp/Hsp100 family,part of the ATPase associated with various cellular activities(AAA+)superfamily,includes caseinolytic peptidase B(ClpB),a highly conserved protein found in bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and plants.Nota...The Clp/Hsp100 family,part of the ATPase associated with various cellular activities(AAA+)superfamily,includes caseinolytic peptidase B(ClpB),a highly conserved protein found in bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and plants.Notably,ClpB is present in all ESKAPE pathogens:Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterobacter spp.ClpB plays a crucial role in reactivating and disaggregating proteins,enabling pathogens to survive under host-induced stress and conferring thermotolerance to bacterial cells.Infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens are particularly challenging due to their resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics and biofilm formation,posing a significant global health threat as they are often multidrug-resistant,extensively drug-resistant,and pan-drug-resistant.Given its absence in human cells and its essential role in bacterial survival under stress,ClpB is a promising target for antimicrobial therapy.Targeting Hsp100 family proteins could lead to the development of novel antifungal and antiprotozoal treatments.This review explores the function of ClpB in the survival of ESKAPE pathogens and the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum.Relevant research findings were compiled using academic databases,and data analysis was performed using Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment and Boxshade tools.展开更多
The rapid emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens has posed challenges to global health in the twenty-first century.This development has significantly made most antibiotics ineffective in the treatment of infe...The rapid emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens has posed challenges to global health in the twenty-first century.This development has significantly made most antibiotics ineffective in the treatment of infections they cause,resulting in increasing treatment costs and annual death rates.To address the challenge posed by these pathogens,we explore the potential of secondary metabolites from Aspergillus species as a source of new and effective therapeutic agents to treat drug-resistant infections.Terpenoids,a distinct group of natural products,are extensively distributed in plants and fungi,and have been attributed with significant antibacterial,anticancer,and antiviral activities.In this review,we present an overview of Aspergillus species,and review the novel terpenoids isolated from them from 2019 to April 2024,highlighting anti-infective activity against members of the ESKAPE pathogens.We further focus on the strategies through which the structural framework of these new terpenoids could be modified and/or optimized to feed a pipeline of new lead compounds targeting microbial pathogens.Overall,this review provides insight into the therapeutic applications of terpenoids sourced from Aspergillus species and the potential for the discovery of new compounds from these fungi to combat antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
文摘Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is the most important health problems currently. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial co-infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and lack of surveillance were associated with antimicrobial resistance. ESKAPE pathogens consisting of E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. are associated with healthcare-associated infections. Patients and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal study aims to describe the resistance rates of bloodstream infection due to ESKAPE pathogens from patients admitted in Siloam Hospital Karawaci, before and during COVID-19 pandemic (January 1<sup>st</sup>, 2019 until December 31<sup>st</sup>, 2022). Out of 296 ESKAPE pathogens collected from blood samples, S. aureus was the most frequent species, followed by K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp., and E. faecium. Results: Resistance rates of E. faecium were alarmingly high from 2019 until 2021, but in 2022 no sample was found. Resistance rates of S. aureus and MRSA decreased from 2019 until 2021 and then increased again in 2022 while for K. pneumoniae it peaked in 2020 and reached the lowest in 2022. Resistance pattern of A. baumanii was not favorable from 2019 until 2021, but decreased dramatically in 2022. Resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa was quite variable in 2021 and 2022 while for Enterobacter spp. it was variable in 2020 to 2022. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the antimicrobial resistance pattern of ESKAPE pathogens in Banten province, Indonesia. Resistance rates increased as the pandemic peaked in 2020 to 2021, and decreased as the pandemic resolves in 2022.
基金Supported by Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of Neyshabour,Center of Medical,Pathological and Genetic Diagnostic Services,Iranian Academic Center for Education,Culture and Research(ACECR),Mashhad Branch,Mashhad,Iran(Grant No.1393/247N58).
文摘Objective:To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESKAPE pathogens from Neyshabur,Iran during 2013-2015.Methods:A total of 345 isolates including 62 Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),38 Enterobacter spp.(including 14 Enterobacter agglomerans,6 Enterobacter aerogenes and other 18 Enterobacter spp.),123 Enterococcus faecium,78 Klebsiella pneumonia,10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 34 Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated.The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was conducted with Kirby Bauer method.Data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0 software using F-and t-tests.Results:Among S.aureus isolates,the highest resistance was observed against nalidixic acid(81.35%)and cefixime(74.50%).Thirty-three(53.22%)S.aureus isolates were cefoxitin resistant(methicillin-resistant S.aureus).The majority of Enterobacter species was resistant to amikacin(100.00%)and cephalotin(66.60%).Most Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid(89.43%)and amikacin(83.33%),but vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates were not detected.Moreover,among Klebsiella pneumonia,the highest resistance was observed to nalidixic acid(20.98%)and cotrimoxazole(28.39%).Furthermore,all Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to cefotaxime(100.00%)and majority to nitroforantoin(88.80%).Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed the highest and the lowest resistance to cefotaxime(100.00%)and cefixime(88.71%),respectively.Conclusions:The prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens from northeast region was low,but majority of them exhibited high rate of antibiotic resistance to common used antimicrobial agents.
文摘The Clp/Hsp100 family,part of the ATPase associated with various cellular activities(AAA+)superfamily,includes caseinolytic peptidase B(ClpB),a highly conserved protein found in bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and plants.Notably,ClpB is present in all ESKAPE pathogens:Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterobacter spp.ClpB plays a crucial role in reactivating and disaggregating proteins,enabling pathogens to survive under host-induced stress and conferring thermotolerance to bacterial cells.Infections caused by ESKAPE pathogens are particularly challenging due to their resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics and biofilm formation,posing a significant global health threat as they are often multidrug-resistant,extensively drug-resistant,and pan-drug-resistant.Given its absence in human cells and its essential role in bacterial survival under stress,ClpB is a promising target for antimicrobial therapy.Targeting Hsp100 family proteins could lead to the development of novel antifungal and antiprotozoal treatments.This review explores the function of ClpB in the survival of ESKAPE pathogens and the protozoan Plasmodium falciparum.Relevant research findings were compiled using academic databases,and data analysis was performed using Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment and Boxshade tools.
基金supported by grants awarded to RAD by the South African Medical Research Council(SAMRC),with funds received from the South African National Department of Health,and the UK Medical Research Council,with funds received from the UK Government's Newton Fund(Grant No.:96185)by South African National Research Foundation(NRF)through the DSI/NRF South African Research Chair Initiative(NRF UID 87583)+2 种基金OO was supported by a Rhodes University Post-Doctoral FellowshipIN and TS received Post-Doctoral Fellowships from the SAMRCDA was supported by DAAD Scholarship(Reference number:91758998).
文摘The rapid emergence of drug-resistant microbial pathogens has posed challenges to global health in the twenty-first century.This development has significantly made most antibiotics ineffective in the treatment of infections they cause,resulting in increasing treatment costs and annual death rates.To address the challenge posed by these pathogens,we explore the potential of secondary metabolites from Aspergillus species as a source of new and effective therapeutic agents to treat drug-resistant infections.Terpenoids,a distinct group of natural products,are extensively distributed in plants and fungi,and have been attributed with significant antibacterial,anticancer,and antiviral activities.In this review,we present an overview of Aspergillus species,and review the novel terpenoids isolated from them from 2019 to April 2024,highlighting anti-infective activity against members of the ESKAPE pathogens.We further focus on the strategies through which the structural framework of these new terpenoids could be modified and/or optimized to feed a pipeline of new lead compounds targeting microbial pathogens.Overall,this review provides insight into the therapeutic applications of terpenoids sourced from Aspergillus species and the potential for the discovery of new compounds from these fungi to combat antimicrobial resistance.
